path: root/charms/trusty/cassandra/hooks/charmhelpers/core/host.py

# Copyright 2014-2015 Canonical Limited.
#
# This file is part of charm-helpers.
#
# charm-helpers is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3 as
# published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# charm-helpers is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# along with charm-helpers.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

"""Tools for working with the host system"""
# Copyright 2012 Canonical Ltd.
#
# Authors:
#  Nick Moffitt <nick.moffitt@canonical.com>
#  Matthew Wedgwood <matthew.wedgwood@canonical.com>

import os
import re
import pwd
import glob
import grp
import random
import string
import subprocess
import hashlib
import functools
import itertools
from contextlib import contextmanager
from collections import OrderedDict

import six

from .hookenv import log
from .fstab import Fstab


def service_start(service_name):
    """Start a system service"""
    return service('start', service_name)


def service_stop(service_name):
    """Stop a system service"""
    return service('stop', service_name)


def service_restart(service_name):
    """Restart a system service"""
    return service('restart', service_name)


def service_reload(service_name, restart_on_failure=False):
    """Reload a system service, optionally falling back to restart if
    reload fails"""
    service_result = service('reload', service_name)
    if not service_result and restart_on_failure:
        service_result = service('restart', service_name)
    return service_result


def service_pause(service_name, init_dir="/etc/init", initd_dir="/etc/init.d"):
    """Pause a system service.

    Stop it, and prevent it from starting again at boot."""
    stopped = True
    if service_running(service_name):
        stopped = service_stop(service_name)
    upstart_file = os.path.join(init_dir, "{}.conf".format(service_name))
    sysv_file = os.path.join(initd_dir, service_name)
    if init_is_systemd():
        service('disable', service_name)
    elif os.path.exists(upstart_file):
        override_path = os.path.join(
            init_dir, '{}.override'.format(service_name))
        with open(override_path, 'w') as fh:
            fh.write("manual\n")
    elif os.path.exists(sysv_file):
        subprocess.check_call(["update-rc.d", service_name, "disable"])
    else:
        raise ValueError(
            "Unable to detect {0} as SystemD, Upstart {1} or"
            " SysV {2}".format(
                service_name, upstart_file, sysv_file))
    return stopped


def service_resume(service_name, init_dir="/etc/init",
                   initd_dir="/etc/init.d"):
    """Resume a system service.

    Reenable starting again at boot. Start the service"""
    upstart_file = os.path.join(init_dir, "{}.conf".format(service_name))
    sysv_file = os.path.join(initd_dir, service_name)
    if init_is_systemd():
        service('enable', service_name)
    elif os.path.exists(upstart_file):
        override_path = os.path.join(
            init_dir, '{}.override'.format(service_name))
        if os.path.exists(override_path):
            os.unlink(override_path)
    elif os.path.exists(sysv_file):
        subprocess.check_call(["update-rc.d", service_name, "enable"])
    else:
        raise ValueError(
            "Unable to detect {0} as SystemD, Upstart {1} or"
            " SysV {2}".format(
                service_name, upstart_file, sysv_file))

    started = service_running(service_name)
    if not started:
        started = service_start(service_name)
    return started


def service(action, service_name):
    """Control a system service"""
    if init_is_systemd():
        cmd = ['systemctl', action, service_name]
    else:
        cmd = ['service', service_name, action]
    return subprocess.call(cmd) == 0


def service_running(service_name):
    """Determine whether a system service is running"""
    if init_is_systemd():
        return service('is-active', service_name)
    else:
        try:
            output = subprocess.check_output(
                ['service', service_name, 'status'],
                stderr=subprocess.STDOUT).decode('UTF-8')
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            return False
        else:
            if ("start/running" in output or "is running" in output or
                    "up and running" in output):
                return True
            else:
                return False


def service_available(service_name):
    """Determine whether a system service is available"""
    try:
        subprocess.check_output(
            ['service', service_name, 'status'],
            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT).decode('UTF-8')
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        return b'unrecognized service' not in e.output
    else:
        return True


SYSTEMD_SYSTEM = '/run/systemd/system'


def init_is_systemd():
    """Return True if the host system uses systemd, False otherwise."""
    return os.path.isdir(SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)


def adduser(username, password=None, shell='/bin/bash', system_user=False,
            primary_group=None, secondary_groups=None):
    """Add a user to the system.

    Will log but otherwise succeed if the user already exists.

    :param str username: Username to create
    :param str password: Password for user; if ``None``, create a system user
    :param str shell: The default shell for the user
    :param bool system_user: Whether to create a login or system user
    :param str primary_group: Primary group for user; defaults to username
    :param list secondary_groups: Optional list of additional groups

    :returns: The password database entry struct, as returned by `pwd.getpwnam`
    """
    try:
        user_info = pwd.getpwnam(username)
        log('user {0} already exists!'.format(username))
    except KeyError:
        log('creating user {0}'.format(username))
        cmd = ['useradd']
        if system_user or password is None:
            cmd.append('--system')
        else:
            cmd.extend([
                '--create-home',
                '--shell', shell,
                '--password', password,
            ])
        if not primary_group:
            try:
                grp.getgrnam(username)
                primary_group = username  # avoid "group exists" error
            except KeyError:
                pass
        if primary_group:
            cmd.extend(['-g', primary_group])
        if secondary_groups:
            cmd.extend(['-G', ','.join(secondary_groups)])
        cmd.append(username)
        subprocess.check_call(cmd)
        user_info = pwd.getpwnam(username)
    return user_info


def user_exists(username):
    """Check if a user exists"""
    try:
        pwd.getpwnam(username)
        user_exists = True
    except KeyError:
        user_exists = False
    return user_exists


def add_group(group_name, system_group=False):
    """Add a group to the system"""
    try:
        group_info = grp.getgrnam(group_name)
        log('group {0} already exists!'.format(group_name))
    except KeyError:
        log('creating group {0}'.format(group_name))
        cmd = ['addgroup']
        if system_group:
            cmd.append('--system')
        else:
            cmd.extend([
                '--group',
            ])
        cmd.append(group_name)
        subprocess.check_call(cmd)
        group_info = grp.getgrnam(group_name)
    return group_info


def add_user_to_group(username, group):
    """Add a user to a group"""
    cmd = ['gpasswd', '-a', username, group]
    log("Adding user {} to group {}".format(username, group))
    subprocess.check_call(cmd)


def rsync(from_path, to_path, flags='-r', options=None):
    """Replicate the contents of a path"""
    options = options or ['--delete', '--executability']
    cmd = ['/usr/bin/rsync', flags]
    cmd.extend(options)
    cmd.append(from_path)
    cmd.append(to_path)
    log(" ".join(cmd))
    return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('UTF-8').strip()


def symlink(source, destination):
    """Create a symbolic link"""
    log("Symlinking {} as {}".format(source, destination))
    cmd = [
        'ln',
        '-sf',
        source,
        destination,
    ]
    subprocess.check_call(cmd)


def mkdir(path, owner='root', group='root', perms=0o555, force=False):
    """Create a directory"""
    log("Making dir {} {}:{} {:o}".format(path, owner, group,
                                          perms))
    uid = pwd.getpwnam(owner).pw_uid
    gid = grp.getgrnam(group).gr_gid
    realpath = os.path.abspath(path)
    path_exists = os.path.exists(realpath)
    if path_exists and force:
        if not os.path.isdir(realpath):
            log("Removing non-directory file {} prior to mkdir()".format(path))
            os.unlink(realpath)
            os.makedirs(realpath, perms)
    elif not path_exists:
        os.makedirs(realpath, perms)
    os.chown(realpath, uid, gid)
    os.chmod(realpath, perms)


def write_file(path, content, owner='root', group='root', perms=0o444):
    """Create or overwrite a file with the contents of a byte string."""
    log("Writing file {} {}:{} {:o}".format(path, owner, group, perms))
    uid = pwd.getpwnam(owner).pw_uid
    gid = grp.getgrnam(group).gr_gid
    with open(path, 'wb') as target:
        os.fchown(target.fileno(), uid, gid)
        os.fchmod(target.fileno(), perms)
        target.write(content)


def fstab_remove(mp):
    """Remove the given mountpoint entry from /etc/fstab"""
    return Fstab.remove_by_mountpoint(mp)


def fstab_add(dev, mp, fs, options=None):
    """Adds the given device entry to the /etc/fstab file"""
    return Fstab.add(dev, mp, fs, options=options)


def mount(device, mountpoint, options=None, persist=False, filesystem="ext3"):
    """Mount a filesystem at a particular mountpoint"""
    cmd_args = ['mount']
    if options is not None:
        cmd_args.extend(['-o', options])
    cmd_args.extend([device, mountpoint])
    try:
        subprocess.check_output(cmd_args)
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        log('Error mounting {} at {}\n{}'.format(device, mountpoint, e.output))
        return False

    if persist:
        return fstab_add(device, mountpoint, filesystem, options=options)
    return True


def umount(mountpoint, persist=False):
    """Unmount a filesystem"""
    cmd_args = ['umount', mountpoint]
    try:
        subprocess.check_output(cmd_args)
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        log('Error unmounting {}\n{}'.format(mountpoint, e.output))
        return False

    if persist:
        return fstab_remove(mountpoint)
    return True


def mounts():
    """Get a list of all mounted volumes as [[mountpoint,device],[...]]"""
    with open('/proc/mounts') as f:
        # [['/mount/point','/dev/path'],[...]]
        system_mounts = [m[1::-1] for m in [l.strip().split()
                                            for l in f.readlines()]]
    return system_mounts


def fstab_mount(mountpoint):
    """Mount filesystem using fstab"""
    cmd_args = ['mount', mountpoint]
    try:
        subprocess.check_output(cmd_args)
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        log('Error unmounting {}\n{}'.format(mountpoint, e.output))
        return False
    return True


def file_hash(path, hash_type='md5'):
    """Generate a hash checksum of the contents of 'path' or None if not found.

    :param str hash_type: Any hash alrgorithm supported by :mod:`hashlib`,
                          such as md5, sha1, sha256, sha512, etc.
    """
    if os.path.exists(path):
        h = getattr(hashlib, hash_type)()
        with open(path, 'rb') as source:
            h.update(source.read())
        return h.hexdigest()
    else:
        return None


def path_hash(path):
    """Generate a hash checksum of all files matching 'path'. Standard
    wildcards like '*' and '?' are supported, see documentation for the 'glob'
    module for more information.

    :return: dict: A { filename: hash } dictionary for all matched files.
                   Empty if none found.
    """
    return {
        filename: file_hash(filename)
        for filename in glob.iglob(path)
    }


def check_hash(path, checksum, hash_type='md5'):
    """Validate a file using a cryptographic checksum.

    :param str checksum: Value of the checksum used to validate the file.
    :param str hash_type: Hash algorithm used to generate `checksum`.
        Can be any hash alrgorithm supported by :mod:`hashlib`,
        such as md5, sha1, sha256, sha512, etc.
    :raises ChecksumError: If the file fails the checksum

    """
    actual_checksum = file_hash(path, hash_type)
    if checksum != actual_checksum:
        raise ChecksumError("'%s' != '%s'" % (checksum, actual_checksum))


class ChecksumError(ValueError):
    """A class derived from Value error to indicate the checksum failed."""
    pass


def restart_on_change(restart_map, stopstart=False):
    """Restart services based on configuration files changing

    This function is used a decorator, for example::

        @restart_on_change({
            '/etc/ceph/ceph.conf': [ 'cinder-api', 'cinder-volume' ]
            '/etc/apache/sites-enabled/*': [ 'apache2' ]
            })
        def config_changed():
            pass  # your code here

    In this example, the cinder-api and cinder-volume services
    would be restarted if /etc/ceph/ceph.conf is changed by the
    ceph_client_changed function. The apache2 service would be
    restarted if any file matching the pattern got changed, created
    or removed. Standard wildcards are supported, see documentation
    for the 'glob' module for more information.

    @param restart_map: {path_file_name: [service_name, ...]
    @param stopstart: DEFAULT false; whether to stop, start OR restart
    @returns result from decorated function
    """
    def wrap(f):
        @functools.wraps(f)
        def wrapped_f(*args, **kwargs):
            return restart_on_change_helper(
                (lambda: f(*args, **kwargs)), restart_map, stopstart)
        return wrapped_f
    return wrap


def restart_on_change_helper(lambda_f, restart_map, stopstart=False):
    """Helper function to perform the restart_on_change function.

    This is provided for decorators to restart services if files described
    in the restart_map have changed after an invocation of lambda_f().

    @param lambda_f: function to call.
    @param restart_map: {file: [service, ...]}
    @param stopstart: whether to stop, start or restart a service
    @returns result of lambda_f()
    """
    checksums = {path: path_hash(path) for path in restart_map}
    r = lambda_f()
    # create a list of lists of the services to restart
    restarts = [restart_map[path]
                for path in restart_map
                if path_hash(path) != checksums[path]]
    # create a flat list of ordered services without duplicates from lists
    services_list = list(OrderedDict.fromkeys(itertools.chain(*restarts)))
    if services_list:
        actions = ('stop', 'start') if stopstart else ('restart',)
        for action in actions:
            for service_name in services_list:
                service(action, service_name)
    return r


def lsb_release():
    """Return /etc/lsb-release in a dict"""
    d = {}
    with open('/etc/lsb-release', 'r') as lsb:
        for l in lsb:
            k, v = l.split('=')
            d[k.strip()] = v.strip()
    return d


def pwgen(length=None):
    """Generate a random pasword."""
    if length is None:
        # A random length is ok to use a weak PRNG
        length = random.choice(range(35, 45))
    alphanumeric_chars = [
        l for l in (string.ascii_letters + string.digits)
        if l not in 'l0QD1vAEIOUaeiou']
    # Use a crypto-friendly PRNG (e.g. /dev/urandom) for making the
    # actual password
    random_generator = random.SystemRandom()
    random_chars = [
        random_generator.choice(alphanumeric_chars) for _ in range(length)]
    return(''.join(random_chars))


def is_phy_iface(interface):
    """Returns True if interface is not virtual, otherwise False."""
    if interface:
        sys_net = '/sys/class/net'
        if os.path.isdir(sys_net):
            for iface in glob.glob(os.path.join(sys_net, '*')):
                if '/virtual/' in os.path.realpath(iface):
                    continue

                if interface == os.path.basename(iface):
                    return True

    return False


def get_bond_master(interface):
    """Returns bond master if interface is bond slave otherwise None.

    NOTE: the provided interface is expected to be physical
    """
    if interface:
        iface_path = '/sys/class/net/%s' % (interface)
        if os.path.exists(iface_path):
            if '/virtual/' in os.path.realpath(iface_path):
                return None

            master = os.path.join(iface_path, 'master')
            if os.path.exists(master):
                master = os.path.realpath(master)
                # make sure it is a bond master
                if os.path.exists(os.path.join(master, 'bonding')):
                    return os.path.basename(master)

    return None


def list_nics(nic_type=None):
    """Return a list of nics of given type(s)"""
    if isinstance(nic_type, six.string_types):
        int_types = [nic_type]
    else:
        int_types = nic_type

    interfaces = []
    if nic_type:
        for int_type in int_types:
            cmd = ['ip', 'addr', 'show', 'label', int_type + '*']
            ip_output = subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('UTF-8')
            ip_output = ip_output.split('\n')
            ip_output = (line for line in ip_output if line)
            for line in ip_output:
                if line.split()[1].startswith(int_type):
                    matched = re.search('.*: (' + int_type +
                                        r'[0-9]+\.[0-9]+)@.*', line)
                    if matched:
                        iface = matched.groups()[0]
                    else:
                        iface = line.split()[1].replace(":", "")

                    if iface not in interfaces:
                        interfaces.append(iface)
    else:
        cmd = ['ip', 'a']
        ip_output = subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('UTF-8').split('\n')
        ip_output = (line.strip() for line in ip_output if line)

        key = re.compile('^[0-9]+:\s+(.+):')
        for line in ip_output:
            matched = re.search(key, line)
            if matched:
                iface = matched.group(1)
                iface = iface.partition("@")[0]
                if iface not in interfaces:
                    interfaces.append(iface)

    return interfaces


def set_nic_mtu(nic, mtu):
    """Set the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) on a network interface."""
    cmd = ['ip', 'link', 'set', nic, 'mtu', mtu]
    subprocess.check_call(cmd)


def get_nic_mtu(nic):
    """Return the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) for a network interface."""
    cmd = ['ip', 'addr', 'show', nic]
    ip_output = subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('UTF-8').split('\n')
    mtu = ""
    for line in ip_output:
        words = line.split()
        if 'mtu' in words:
            mtu = words[words.index("mtu") + 1]
    return mtu


def get_nic_hwaddr(nic):
    """Return the Media Access Control (MAC) for a network interface."""
    cmd = ['ip', '-o', '-0', 'addr', 'show', nic]
    ip_output = subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('UTF-8')
    hwaddr = ""
    words = ip_output.split()
    if 'link/ether' in words:
        hwaddr = words[words.index('link/ether') + 1]
    return hwaddr


def cmp_pkgrevno(package, revno, pkgcache=None):
    """Compare supplied revno with the revno of the installed package

    *  1 => Installed revno is greater than supplied arg
    *  0 => Installed revno is the same as supplied arg
    * -1 => Installed revno is less than supplied arg

    This function imports apt_cache function from charmhelpers.fetch if
    the pkgcache argument is None. Be sure to add charmhelpers.fetch if
    you call this function, or pass an apt_pkg.Cache() instance.
    """
    import apt_pkg
    if not pkgcache:
        from charmhelpers.fetch import apt_cache
        pkgcache = apt_cache()
    pkg = pkgcache[package]
    return apt_pkg.version_compare(pkg.current_ver.ver_str, revno)


@contextmanager
def chdir(directory):
    """Change the current working directory to a different directory for a code
    block and return the previous directory after the block exits. Useful to
    run commands from a specificed directory.

    :param str directory: The directory path to change to for this context.
    """
    cur = os.getcwd()
    try:
        yield os.chdir(directory)
    finally:
        os.chdir(cur)


def chownr(path, owner, group, follow_links=True, chowntopdir=False):
    """Recursively change user and group ownership of files and directories
    in given path. Doesn't chown path itself by default, only its children.

    :param str path: The string path to start changing ownership.
    :param str owner: The owner string to use when looking up the uid.
    :param str group: The group string to use when looking up the gid.
    :param bool follow_links: Also Chown links if True
    :param bool chowntopdir: Also chown path itself if True
    """
    uid = pwd.getpwnam(owner).pw_uid
    gid = grp.getgrnam(group).gr_gid
    if follow_links:
        chown = os.chown
    else:
        chown = os.lchown

    if chowntopdir:
        broken_symlink = os.path.lexists(path) and not os.path.exists(path)
        if not broken_symlink:
            chown(path, uid, gid)
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
        for name in dirs + files:
            full = os.path.join(root, name)
            broken_symlink = os.path.lexists(full) and not os.path.exists(full)
            if not broken_symlink:
                chown(full, uid, gid)


def lchownr(path, owner, group):
    """Recursively change user and group ownership of files and directories
    in a given path, not following symbolic links. See the documentation for
    'os.lchown' for more information.

    :param str path: The string path to start changing ownership.
    :param str owner: The owner string to use when looking up the uid.
    :param str group: The group string to use when looking up the gid.
    """
    chownr(path, owner, group, follow_links=False)


def get_total_ram():
    """The total amount of system RAM in bytes.

    This is what is reported by the OS, and may be overcommitted when
    there are multiple containers hosted on the same machine.
    """
    with open('/proc/meminfo', 'r') as f:
        for line in f.readlines():
            if line:
                key, value, unit = line.split()
                if key == 'MemTotal:':
                    assert unit == 'kB', 'Unknown unit'
                    return int(value) * 1024  # Classic, not KiB.
        raise NotImplementedError()