diff options
| author |   Ashlee Young <ashlee@onosfw.com> | 2015-10-23 10:05:40 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Ashlee Young <ashlee@onosfw.com> | 2015-10-23 10:05:40 -0700 |
| commit | b9421dc80af485591a9c50cc8921f912e0def11e (patch) | |
| tree | 93f0935070ca2b2e661f281ac22761879f7cf893 /framework/src/ant/apache-ant-1.9.6/manual/tutorial-HelloWorldWithAnt.html | |
| parent | 753a6c60f47f3ac4f270005b65e9d6481de8eb68 (diff) | |
Removing sources to replace with download links instead.
Change-Id: Ie28789a725051aec0d1b04dd291b7690a7898668
Signed-off-by: Ashlee Young <ashlee@onosfw.com>
Diffstat (limited to 'framework/src/ant/apache-ant-1.9.6/manual/tutorial-HelloWorldWithAnt.html')
| -rw-r--r-- | framework/src/ant/apache-ant-1.9.6/manual/tutorial-HelloWorldWithAnt.html | 520 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 520 deletions
diff --git a/framework/src/ant/apache-ant-1.9.6/manual/tutorial-HelloWorldWithAnt.html b/framework/src/ant/apache-ant-1.9.6/manual/tutorial-HelloWorldWithAnt.html deleted file mode 100644 index babd9b43..00000000 --- a/framework/src/ant/apache-ant-1.9.6/manual/tutorial-HelloWorldWithAnt.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,520 +0,0 @@ -<!-- - Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more - contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with - this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. - The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 - (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with - the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations under the License. ---> -<html> -<head> - <title>Tutorial: Hello World with Apache Ant</title> - <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheets/style.css"> -</head> -<body> -<h1>Tutorial: Hello World with Apache Ant</h1> - -<p>This document provides a step by step tutorial for starting java programming with Apache Ant. -It does <b>not</b> contain deeper knowledge about Java or Ant. This tutorial has the goal -to let you see, how to do the easiest steps in Ant.</p> - - - -<h2>Content</h2> -<p><ul> -<li><a href="#prepare">Preparing the project</a></li> -<li><a href="#four-steps">Enhance the build file</a></li> -<li><a href="#enhance">Enhance the build file</a></li> -<li><a href="#ext-libs">Using external libraries</a></li> -<li><a href="#resources">Resources</a></li> -</ul></p> - - -<a name="prepare"></a> -<h2>Preparing the project</h2> -<p>We want to separate the source from the generated files, so our java source files will -be in <tt>src</tt> folder. All generated files should be under <tt>build</tt>, and there -splitted into several subdirectories for the individual steps: <tt>classes</tt> for our compiled -files and <tt>jar</tt> for our own JAR-file.</p> -<p>We have to create only the <tt>src</tt> directory. (Because I am working on Windows, here is -the win-syntax - translate to your shell):</p> - -<pre class="code"> -md src -</pre> - -<p>The following simple Java class just prints a fixed message out to STDOUT, -so just write this code into <tt>src\oata\HelloWorld.java</tt>.</p> - -<pre class="code"> -package oata; - -public class HelloWorld { - public static void main(String[] args) { - System.out.println("Hello World"); - } -} -</pre> - -<p>Now just try to compile and run that: -<pre class="code"> -md build\classes -javac -sourcepath src -d build\classes src\oata\HelloWorld.java -java -cp build\classes oata.HelloWorld -</pre> -which will result in -<pre class="output"> -Hello World -</pre> -</p> - -<p>Creating a jar-file is not very difficult. But creating a <i>startable</i> jar-file needs more steps: create a -manifest-file containing the start class, creating the target directory and archiving the files.</p> -<pre class="code"> -echo Main-Class: oata.HelloWorld>myManifest -md build\jar -jar cfm build\jar\HelloWorld.jar myManifest -C build\classes . -java -jar build\jar\HelloWorld.jar -</pre> - -<p><b>Note:</b> Do not have blanks around the >-sign in the <tt>echo Main-Class</tt> instruction because it would -falsify it!</p> - - -<a name="four-steps"></a> -<h2>Four steps to a running application</h2> -<p>After finishing the java-only step we have to think about our build process. We <i>have</i> to compile our code, otherwise we couldn't -start the program. Oh - "start" - yes, we could provide a target for that. We <i>should</i> package our application. -Now it's only one class - but if you want to provide a download, no one would download several hundreds files ... -(think about a complex Swing GUI - so let us create a jar file. A startable jar file would be nice ... And it's a -good practise to have a "clean" target, which deletes all the generated stuff. Many failures could be solved just -by a "clean build".</p> - -<p>By default Ant uses <tt>build.xml</tt> as the name for a buildfile, so our <tt>.\build.xml</tt> would be:</p> -<pre class="code"> -<project> - - <target name="clean"> - <delete dir="build"/> - </target> - - <target name="compile"> - <mkdir dir="build/classes"/> - <javac srcdir="src" destdir="build/classes"/> - </target> - - <target name="jar"> - <mkdir dir="build/jar"/> - <jar destfile="build/jar/HelloWorld.jar" basedir="build/classes"> - <manifest> - <attribute name="Main-Class" value="oata.HelloWorld"/> - </manifest> - </jar> - </target> - - <target name="run"> - <java jar="build/jar/HelloWorld.jar" fork="true"/> - </target> - -</project> -</pre> - -<p>Now you can compile, package and run the application via</p> -<pre class="code"> -ant compile -ant jar -ant run -</pre> -<p>Or shorter with</p> -<pre class="code"> -ant compile jar run -</pre> - -<p>While having a look at the buildfile, we will see some similar steps between Ant and the java-only commands: -<table> -<tr> - <th>java-only</th> - <th>Ant</th> -</tr> -<tr> - <td valign="top"><pre class="code"> -md build\classes -javac - -sourcepath src - -d build\classes - src\oata\HelloWorld.java -echo Main-Class: oata.HelloWorld>mf -md build\jar -jar cfm - build\jar\HelloWorld.jar - mf - -C build\classes - . - - - -java -jar build\jar\HelloWorld.jar - </pre></td> - <td valign="top"><pre class="code"> -<mkdir dir="build/classes"/> -<javac - srcdir="src" - destdir="build/classes"/> -<i><!-- automatically detected --></i> -<i><!-- obsolete; done via manifest tag --></i> -<mkdir dir="build/jar"/> -<jar - destfile="build/jar/HelloWorld.jar" - - basedir="build/classes"> - <manifest> - <attribute name="Main-Class" value="oata.HelloWorld"/> - </manifest> -</jar> -<java jar="build/jar/HelloWorld.jar" fork="true"/> - </pre></td> -</tr></table> -</p> - - - -<a name="enhance"></a> -<h2>Enhance the build file</h2> -<p>Now we have a working buildfile we could do some enhancements: many time you are referencing the -same directories, main-class and jar-name are hard coded, and while invocation you have to remember -the right order of build steps.</p> -<p>The first and second point would be addressed with <i>properties</i>, the third with a special property - an attribute -of the <project>-tag and the fourth problem can be solved using dependencies.</p> - - -<pre class="code"> -<project name="HelloWorld" basedir="." default="main"> - - <property name="src.dir" value="src"/> - - <property name="build.dir" value="build"/> - <property name="classes.dir" value="${build.dir}/classes"/> - <property name="jar.dir" value="${build.dir}/jar"/> - - <property name="main-class" value="oata.HelloWorld"/> - - - - <target name="clean"> - <delete dir="${build.dir}"/> - </target> - - <target name="compile"> - <mkdir dir="${classes.dir}"/> - <javac srcdir="${src.dir}" destdir="${classes.dir}"/> - </target> - - <target name="jar" depends="compile"> - <mkdir dir="${jar.dir}"/> - <jar destfile="${jar.dir}/${ant.project.name}.jar" basedir="${classes.dir}"> - <manifest> - <attribute name="Main-Class" value="${main-class}"/> - </manifest> - </jar> - </target> - - <target name="run" depends="jar"> - <java jar="${jar.dir}/${ant.project.name}.jar" fork="true"/> - </target> - - <target name="clean-build" depends="clean,jar"/> - - <target name="main" depends="clean,run"/> - -</project> -</pre> - - -<p>Now it's easier, just do a <tt class="code">ant</tt> and you will get</p> -<pre class="output"> -Buildfile: build.xml - -clean: - -compile: - [mkdir] Created dir: C:\...\build\classes - [javac] Compiling 1 source file to C:\...\build\classes - -jar: - [mkdir] Created dir: C:\...\build\jar - [jar] Building jar: C:\...\build\jar\HelloWorld.jar - -run: - [java] Hello World - -main: - -BUILD SUCCESSFUL -</pre> - - -<a name="ext-libs"></a> -<h2>Using external libraries</h2> -<p>Somehow told us not to use syso-statements. For log-Statements we should use a Logging-API - customizable on a high -degree (including switching off during usual life (= not development) execution). We use Log4J for that, because <ul> -<li>it is not part of the JDK (1.4+) and we want to show how to use external libs</li> -<li>it can run under JDK 1.2 (as Ant)</li> -<li>it's highly configurable</li> -<li>it's from Apache ;-)</li> -</ul></p> -<p>We store our external libraries in a new directory <tt>lib</tt>. Log4J can be -<a href="http://www.apache.org/dist/logging/log4j/1.2.13/logging-log4j-1.2.13.zip">downloaded [1]</a> from Logging's Homepage. -Create the <tt>lib</tt> directory and extract the log4j-1.2.9.jar into that lib-directory. After that we have to modify -our java source to use that library and our buildfile so that this library could be accessed during compilation and run. -</p> -<p>Working with Log4J is documented inside its manual. Here we use the <i>MyApp</i>-example from the -<a href="http://logging.apache.org/log4j/docs/manual.html">Short Manual [2]</a>. First we have to modify the java source to -use the logging framework:</p> - -<pre class="code"> -package oata; - -<b>import org.apache.log4j.Logger;</b> -<b>import org.apache.log4j.BasicConfigurator;</b> - -public class HelloWorld { - <b>static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(HelloWorld.class);</b> - - public static void main(String[] args) { - <b>BasicConfigurator.configure();</b> - <font color="blue"><b>logger.info("Hello World");</b></font> // the old SysO-statement - } -} -</pre> - -<p>Most of the modifications are "framework overhead" which has to be done once. The blue line is our "old System-out" -statement.</p> -<p>Don't try to run <tt>ant</tt> - you will only get lot of compiler errors. Log4J is not inside the classpath so we have -to do a little work here. But do not change the CLASSPATH environment variable! This is only for this project and maybe -you would break other environments (this is one of the most famous mistakes when working with Ant). We introduce Log4J -(or to be more precise: all libraries (jar-files) which are somewhere under <tt>.\lib</tt>) into our buildfile:</p> - -<pre class="code"> -<project name="HelloWorld" basedir="." default="main"> - ... - <b><property name="lib.dir" value="lib"/></b> - - <b><path id="classpath"></b> - <b><fileset dir="${lib.dir}" includes="**/*.jar"/></b> - <b></path></b> - - ... - - <target name="compile"> - <mkdir dir="${classes.dir}"/> - <javac srcdir="${src.dir}" destdir="${classes.dir}" <b>classpathref="classpath"</b>/> - </target> - - <target name="run" depends="jar"> - <java fork="true" <b>classname="${main-class}"</b>> - <b><classpath></b> - <b><path refid="classpath"/></b> - <font color="red"><b><path location="${jar.dir}/${ant.project.name}.jar"/></b></font> - <b></classpath></b> - </java> - </target> - - ... - -</project> -</pre> - -<p>In this example we start our application not via its Main-Class manifest-attribute, because we could not provide -a jarname <i>and</i> a classpath. So add our class in the red line to the already defined path and start as usual. Running -<tt>ant</tt> would give (after the usual compile stuff):</p> - -<pre class="output"> -[java] 0 [main] INFO oata.HelloWorld - Hello World -</pre> - -<p>What's that? <ul> -<li><i>[java]</i> Ant task running at the moment</li> -<li><i>0</i> <font size="-1">sorry don't know - some Log4J stuff</font></li> -<li><i>[main]</i> the running thread from our application </li> -<li><i>INFO</i> log level of that statement</i> -<li><i>oata.HelloWorld</i> source of that statement</i> -<li><i>-</i> separator</li> -<li><i>Hello World</i> the message</li> -</ul> -For another layout ... have a look inside Log4J's documentation about using other PatternLayout's.</p> - - -<a name="config-files"> -<h2>Configuration files</h2> -<p>Why we have used Log4J? "It's highly configurable"? No - all is hard coded! But that is not the debt of Log4J - it's -ours. We had coded <tt>BasicConfigurator.configure();</tt> which implies a simple, but hard coded configuration. More -comfortable would be using a property file. In the java source delete the BasicConfiguration-line from the main() method -(and the related import-statement). Log4J will search then for a configuration as described in it's manual. Then create -a new file <tt>src/log4j.properties</tt>. That's the default name for Log4J's configuration and using that name would make -life easier - not only the framework knows what is inside, you too!</p> - -<pre class="code"> -log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, <b>stdout</b> - -log4j.appender.<b>stdout</b>=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender - -log4j.appender.<b>stdout</b>.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout -log4j.appender.<b>stdout</b>.layout.ConversionPattern=<font color="blue"><b>%m%n</b></font> -</pre> - -<p>This configuration creates an output channel ("Appender") to console named as <tt>stdout</tt> which prints the -message (%m) followed by a line feed (%n) - same as the earlier System.out.println() :-) Oooh kay - but we haven't -finished yet. We should deliver the configuration file, too. So we change the buildfile:</p> - -<pre class="code"> - ... - <target name="compile"> - <mkdir dir="${classes.dir}"/> - <javac srcdir="${src.dir}" destdir="${classes.dir}" classpathref="classpath"/> - <b><copy todir="${classes.dir}"></b> - <b><fileset dir="${src.dir}" excludes="**/*.java"/></b> - <b></copy></b> - </target> - ... -</pre> - -<p>This copies all resources (as long as they haven't the suffix ".java") to the build directory, so we could -start the application from that directory and these files will included into the jar.</p> - - -<a name="junit"> -<h2>Testing the class</h2> -<p>In this step we will introduce the usage of the JUnit [3] testframework in combination with Ant. Because Ant -has a built-in JUnit 3.8.2 you could start directly using it. Write a test class in <tt>src\HelloWorldTest.java</tt>: </p> - -<pre class="code"> -public class HelloWorldTest extends junit.framework.TestCase { - - public void testNothing() { - } - - public void testWillAlwaysFail() { - fail("An error message"); - } - -}</pre> - -<p>Because we dont have real business logic to test, this test class is very small: just show how to start. For -further information see the JUnit documentation [3] and the manual of <a href="Tasks/junit.html">junit</a> task. -Now we add a junit instruction to our buildfile:</p> - -<pre class="code"> - ... - - <path <b>id="application"</b> location="${jar.dir}/${ant.project.name}.jar"/> - - <target name="run" depends="jar"> - <java fork="true" classname="${main-class}"> - <classpath> - <path refid="classpath"/> - <b><path refid="application"/></b> - </classpath> - </java> - </target> - - <b><target name="junit" depends="jar"> - <junit printsummary="yes"> - <classpath> - <path refid="classpath"/> - <path refid="application"/> - </classpath> - - <batchtest fork="yes"> - <fileset dir="${src.dir}" includes="*Test.java"/> - </batchtest> - </junit> - </target></b> - - ... - -</pre> - -<p>We reuse the path to our own jar file as defined in run-target by - giving it an ID and making it globally available. -The <tt>printsummary=yes</tt> lets us see more detailed information than just a "FAILED" or "PASSED" message. -How much tests failed? Some errors? Printsummary lets us know. The classpath is set up to find our classes. -To run tests the <tt>batchtest</tt> here is used, so you could easily add more test classes in the future just -by naming them <tt>*Test.java</tt>. This is a common naming scheme.</p> - -<p>After a <tt class="code">ant junit</tt> you'll get:</p> - -<pre class="output"> -... -junit: - [junit] Running HelloWorldTest - [junit] Tests run: 2, Failures: 1, Errors: 0, Time elapsed: 0,01 sec - [junit] Test HelloWorldTest FAILED - -BUILD SUCCESSFUL -... -</pre> - -<p>We can also produce a report. Something that you (and other) could read after closing the shell .... -There are two steps: 1. let <junit> log the information and 2. convert these to something readable (browsable).<p> - -<pre class="code"> - ... - <b><property name="report.dir" value="${build.dir}/junitreport"/></b> - ... - <target name="junit" depends="jar"> - <b><mkdir dir="${report.dir}"/></b> - <junit printsummary="yes"> - <classpath> - <path refid="classpath"/> - <path refid="application"/> - </classpath> - - <b><formatter type="xml"/></b> - - <batchtest fork="yes" <b>todir="${report.dir}"</b>> - <fileset dir="${src.dir}" includes="*Test.java"/> - </batchtest> - </junit> - </target> - - <b><target name="junitreport"> - <junitreport todir="${report.dir}"> - <fileset dir="${report.dir}" includes="TEST-*.xml"/> - <report todir="${report.dir}"/> - </junitreport> - </target></b> -</pre> - -<p>Because we would produce a lot of files and these files would be written to the current directory by default, -we define a report directory, create it before running the <tt>junit</tt> and redirect the logging to it. The log format -is XML so <tt>junitreport</tt> could parse it. In a second target <tt>junitreport</tt> should create a browsable -HTML-report for all generated xml-log files in the report directory. Now you can open the ${report.dir}\index.html and -see the result (looks something like JavaDoc).<br> -Personally I use two different targets for junit and junitreport. Generating the HTML report needs some time and you dont -need the HTML report just for testing, e.g. if you are fixing an error or a integration server is doing a job. -</p> - - - - -<a name="resources"></a> -<h2>Resources</h2> -<pre> - [1] <a href="http://www.apache.org/dist/logging/log4j/1.2.13/logging-log4j-1.2.13.zip">http://www.apache.org/dist/logging/log4j/1.2.13/logging-log4j-1.2.13.zip</a> - [2] <a href="http://logging.apache.org/log4j/docs/manual.html">http://logging.apache.org/log4j/docs/manual.html</a> - [3] <a href="http://www.junit.org/index.htm">http://www.junit.org/index.htm</a> -</pre> - - - - -</body> -</html> |