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-.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
-.. SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
-.. (c) Cisco Systems, Inc
-
-===============
-External Chains
-===============
-
-NFVbench can measure the performance of 1 or more L3 service chains that are setup externally using OpenStack or without OpenStack.
-Instead of being setup by NFVbench, the complete environment (VNFs and networks) must be setup prior to running NFVbench.
-
-Each external chain is made of 1 or more VNFs and has exactly 2 edge network interfaces (left and right network interfaces)
-that are connected to 2 edge networks (left and right networks).
-The 2 edge networks for each chain can either be shared across all chains or can be independent.
-
-The internal composition of a multi-VNF service chain can be arbitrary (usually linear) as far as NFVbench is concerned,
-the only requirement is that the service chain can route L3 packets properly between the left and right networks.
-
-The network topology of the service chains is defined by the "service_chain_shared_net" option in the
-NFVbench configuration file.
-
-
-Shared Edge Networks
---------------------
-
-This option is defined when "service_chain_shared_net" is set to true.
-All chains must share the same 2 edge networks and the VNF gateway IP addresses on each edge
-must all belong to the same subnet.
-
-.. image:: images/nfvbench-ext-shared.png
-
-The main advantage of this mode is that only 2 network segments are needed to support an arbitrary number of chains.
-
-
-Multi-VLAN Edge Networks
-------------------------
-
-This option is defined when "service_chain_shared_net" is set to false (default).
-Each chain has its own dedicated left and right network and there is no inter-chain constraint
-on the VNF IP addresses since they all belong to different network segments.
-
-.. image:: images/nfvbench-ext-multi-vlans.png
-
-The advantage of this mode is that the configuration of the VNFs can be made identical (same
-gateway IP addresses, same static routes).
-However this mode requires 2 network segments per chain.
-
-
-Detailed Example
-----------------
-To run NFVbench on an external service chains using shared edge networks:
-
-- tell NFVbench to use external service chain by adding "-sc EXT" or "--service-chain EXT" to NFVbench CLI options
-- specify the number of external chains using the "-scc" option (defaults to 1 chain)
-- if OpenStack is used:
- - specify the name of the 2 edge networks in "external_networks" in the NFVbench configuration file
- - The two networks specified have to exist in Neutron ('napa' and 'marin' in the diagram below)
-- if OpenStack is not used:
- - specify the VLAN id to use for the 2 edge networks in "vlans" in the NFVbench configuration file
-- specify the VNF gateway IPs for the external service chains (1.1.0.2 and 2.2.0.2)
-- specify the traffic generator gateway IPs for the external service chains (1.1.0.102 and 2.2.0.102 in diagram below)
-- specify the packet source and destination IPs for the virtual devices that are simulated (10.0.0.0/8 and 20.0.0.0/8)
-
-.. image:: images/extchain-config.png
-
-L3 routing must be enabled in the VNF and configured to:
-
-- reply to ARP requests to its public IP addresses on both left and right networks
-- route packets from each set of remote devices toward the appropriate dest gateway IP in the traffic generator using 2 static routes (as illustrated in the diagram)
-
-Upon start, NFVbench will:
-- first retrieve the properties of the left and right networks using Neutron APIs,
-- extract the underlying network ID (typically VLAN segmentation ID),
-- generate packets with the proper VLAN ID and measure traffic.
-
-Note that in the case of multiple chains, all chains end interfaces must be connected to the same two left and right networks.
-The traffic will be load balanced across the corresponding gateway IP of these external service chains.