Add the rt linux 4.1.3-rt3 as base

Import the rt linux 4.1.3-rt3 as OPNFV kvm base.

It's from git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rt/linux-rt-devel.git linux-4.1.y-rt and
the base is:

commit 0917f823c59692d751951bf5ea699a2d1e2f26a2
Author: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Date:   Sat Jul 25 12:13:34 2015 +0200

    Prepare v4.1.3-rt3

    Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>

We lose all the git history this way and it's not good. We
should apply another opnfv project repo in future.

Change-Id: I87543d81c9df70d99c5001fbdf646b202c19f423
Signed-off-by: Yunhong Jiang <yunhong.jiang@intel.com>

1 files changed, 701 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_pcm.c b/kernel/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_pcm.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6d6d8d08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_pcm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,701 @@
+/*
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+ 
+/*
+ * Vortex PCM ALSA driver.
+ *
+ * Supports ADB and WT DMA. Unfortunately, WT channels do not run yet.
+ * It remains stuck,and DMA transfers do not happen. 
+ */
+#include <sound/asoundef.h>
+#include <linux/time.h>
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+#include <sound/pcm_params.h>
+#include "au88x0.h"
+
+#define VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(x) (x->name[40])
+
+/* hardware definition */
+static struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_vortex_playback_hw_adb = {
+	.info =
+	    (SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | /* SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME | */
+	     SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+	     SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID),
+	.formats =
+	    SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U8 |
+	    SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_MU_LAW | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_A_LAW,
+	.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS,
+	.rate_min = 5000,
+	.rate_max = 48000,
+	.channels_min = 1,
+	.channels_max = 2,
+	.buffer_bytes_max = 0x10000,
+	.period_bytes_min = 0x20,
+	.period_bytes_max = 0x1000,
+	.periods_min = 2,
+	.periods_max = 1024,
+};
+
+#ifndef CHIP_AU8820
+static struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_vortex_playback_hw_a3d = {
+	.info =
+	    (SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | /* SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME | */
+	     SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+	     SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID),
+	.formats =
+	    SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U8 |
+	    SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_MU_LAW | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_A_LAW,
+	.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS,
+	.rate_min = 5000,
+	.rate_max = 48000,
+	.channels_min = 1,
+	.channels_max = 1,
+	.buffer_bytes_max = 0x10000,
+	.period_bytes_min = 0x100,
+	.period_bytes_max = 0x1000,
+	.periods_min = 2,
+	.periods_max = 64,
+};
+#endif
+static struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_vortex_playback_hw_spdif = {
+	.info =
+	    (SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | /* SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME | */
+	     SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+	     SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID),
+	.formats =
+	    SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U8 |
+	    SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_IEC958_SUBFRAME_LE | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_MU_LAW |
+	    SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_A_LAW,
+	.rates =
+	    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_32000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000,
+	.rate_min = 32000,
+	.rate_max = 48000,
+	.channels_min = 1,
+	.channels_max = 2,
+	.buffer_bytes_max = 0x10000,
+	.period_bytes_min = 0x100,
+	.period_bytes_max = 0x1000,
+	.periods_min = 2,
+	.periods_max = 64,
+};
+
+#ifndef CHIP_AU8810
+static struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_vortex_playback_hw_wt = {
+	.info = (SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP |
+		 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+		 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID),
+	.formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
+	.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_48000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS,	// SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000,
+	.rate_min = 8000,
+	.rate_max = 48000,
+	.channels_min = 1,
+	.channels_max = 2,
+	.buffer_bytes_max = 0x10000,
+	.period_bytes_min = 0x0400,
+	.period_bytes_max = 0x1000,
+	.periods_min = 2,
+	.periods_max = 64,
+};
+#endif
+#ifdef CHIP_AU8830
+static unsigned int au8830_channels[3] = {
+	1, 2, 4,
+};
+
+static struct snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list hw_constraints_au8830_channels = {
+	.count = ARRAY_SIZE(au8830_channels),
+	.list = au8830_channels,
+	.mask = 0,
+};
+#endif
+
+static void vortex_notify_pcm_vol_change(struct snd_card *card,
+			struct snd_kcontrol *kctl, int activate)
+{
+	if (activate)
+		kctl->vd[0].access &= ~SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_INACTIVE;
+	else
+		kctl->vd[0].access |= SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_INACTIVE;
+	snd_ctl_notify(card, SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_VALUE |
+				SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_INFO, &(kctl->id));
+}
+
+/* open callback */
+static int snd_vortex_pcm_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	vortex_t *vortex = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	int err;
+	
+	/* Force equal size periods */
+	if ((err =
+	     snd_pcm_hw_constraint_integer(runtime,
+					   SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS)) < 0)
+		return err;
+	/* Avoid PAGE_SIZE boundary to fall inside of a period. */
+	if ((err =
+	     snd_pcm_hw_constraint_pow2(runtime, 0,
+					SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_step(runtime, 0,
+					SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, 64);
+
+	if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) != VORTEX_PCM_WT) {
+#ifndef CHIP_AU8820
+		if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) == VORTEX_PCM_A3D) {
+			runtime->hw = snd_vortex_playback_hw_a3d;
+		}
+#endif
+		if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) == VORTEX_PCM_SPDIF) {
+			runtime->hw = snd_vortex_playback_hw_spdif;
+			switch (vortex->spdif_sr) {
+			case 32000:
+				runtime->hw.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_32000;
+				break;
+			case 44100:
+				runtime->hw.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100;
+				break;
+			case 48000:
+				runtime->hw.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) == VORTEX_PCM_ADB
+		    || VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) == VORTEX_PCM_I2S)
+			runtime->hw = snd_vortex_playback_hw_adb;
+#ifdef CHIP_AU8830
+		if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK &&
+			VORTEX_IS_QUAD(vortex) &&
+			VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) == VORTEX_PCM_ADB) {
+			runtime->hw.channels_max = 4;
+			snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0,
+				SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
+				&hw_constraints_au8830_channels);
+		}
+#endif
+		substream->runtime->private_data = NULL;
+	}
+#ifndef CHIP_AU8810
+	else {
+		runtime->hw = snd_vortex_playback_hw_wt;
+		substream->runtime->private_data = NULL;
+	}
+#endif
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* close callback */
+static int snd_vortex_pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	//vortex_t *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	stream_t *stream = (stream_t *) substream->runtime->private_data;
+
+	// the hardware-specific codes will be here
+	if (stream != NULL) {
+		stream->substream = NULL;
+		stream->nr_ch = 0;
+	}
+	substream->runtime->private_data = NULL;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* hw_params callback */
+static int
+snd_vortex_pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+			 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
+{
+	vortex_t *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	stream_t *stream = (stream_t *) (substream->runtime->private_data);
+	int err;
+
+	// Alloc buffer memory.
+	err =
+	    snd_pcm_lib_malloc_pages(substream, params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
+	if (err < 0) {
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev, "Vortex: pcm page alloc failed!\n");
+		return err;
+	}
+	/*
+	   pr_info( "Vortex: periods %d, period_bytes %d, channels = %d\n", params_periods(hw_params),
+	   params_period_bytes(hw_params), params_channels(hw_params));
+	 */
+	spin_lock_irq(&chip->lock);
+	// Make audio routes and config buffer DMA.
+	if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) != VORTEX_PCM_WT) {
+		int dma, type = VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm);
+		/* Dealloc any routes. */
+		if (stream != NULL)
+			vortex_adb_allocroute(chip, stream->dma,
+					      stream->nr_ch, stream->dir,
+					      stream->type,
+					      substream->number);
+		/* Alloc routes. */
+		dma =
+		    vortex_adb_allocroute(chip, -1,
+					  params_channels(hw_params),
+					  substream->stream, type,
+					  substream->number);
+		if (dma < 0) {
+			spin_unlock_irq(&chip->lock);
+			return dma;
+		}
+		stream = substream->runtime->private_data = &chip->dma_adb[dma];
+		stream->substream = substream;
+		/* Setup Buffers. */
+		vortex_adbdma_setbuffers(chip, dma,
+					 params_period_bytes(hw_params),
+					 params_periods(hw_params));
+		if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) == VORTEX_PCM_ADB) {
+			chip->pcm_vol[substream->number].active = 1;
+			vortex_notify_pcm_vol_change(chip->card,
+				chip->pcm_vol[substream->number].kctl, 1);
+		}
+	}
+#ifndef CHIP_AU8810
+	else {
+		/* if (stream != NULL)
+		   vortex_wt_allocroute(chip, substream->number, 0); */
+		vortex_wt_allocroute(chip, substream->number,
+				     params_channels(hw_params));
+		stream = substream->runtime->private_data =
+		    &chip->dma_wt[substream->number];
+		stream->dma = substream->number;
+		stream->substream = substream;
+		vortex_wtdma_setbuffers(chip, substream->number,
+					params_period_bytes(hw_params),
+					params_periods(hw_params));
+	}
+#endif
+	spin_unlock_irq(&chip->lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* hw_free callback */
+static int snd_vortex_pcm_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	vortex_t *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	stream_t *stream = (stream_t *) (substream->runtime->private_data);
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&chip->lock);
+	// Delete audio routes.
+	if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) != VORTEX_PCM_WT) {
+		if (stream != NULL) {
+			if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) == VORTEX_PCM_ADB) {
+				chip->pcm_vol[substream->number].active = 0;
+				vortex_notify_pcm_vol_change(chip->card,
+					chip->pcm_vol[substream->number].kctl,
+					0);
+			}
+			vortex_adb_allocroute(chip, stream->dma,
+					      stream->nr_ch, stream->dir,
+					      stream->type,
+					      substream->number);
+		}
+	}
+#ifndef CHIP_AU8810
+	else {
+		if (stream != NULL)
+			vortex_wt_allocroute(chip, stream->dma, 0);
+	}
+#endif
+	substream->runtime->private_data = NULL;
+	spin_unlock_irq(&chip->lock);
+
+	return snd_pcm_lib_free_pages(substream);
+}
+
+/* prepare callback */
+static int snd_vortex_pcm_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	vortex_t *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	stream_t *stream = (stream_t *) substream->runtime->private_data;
+	int dma = stream->dma, fmt, dir;
+
+	// set up the hardware with the current configuration.
+	if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK)
+		dir = 1;
+	else
+		dir = 0;
+	fmt = vortex_alsafmt_aspfmt(runtime->format, chip);
+	spin_lock_irq(&chip->lock);
+	if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) != VORTEX_PCM_WT) {
+		vortex_adbdma_setmode(chip, dma, 1, dir, fmt,
+				runtime->channels == 1 ? 0 : 1, 0);
+		vortex_adbdma_setstartbuffer(chip, dma, 0);
+		if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) != VORTEX_PCM_SPDIF)
+			vortex_adb_setsrc(chip, dma, runtime->rate, dir);
+	}
+#ifndef CHIP_AU8810
+	else {
+		vortex_wtdma_setmode(chip, dma, 1, fmt, 0, 0);
+		// FIXME: Set rate (i guess using vortex_wt_writereg() somehow).
+		vortex_wtdma_setstartbuffer(chip, dma, 0);
+	}
+#endif
+	spin_unlock_irq(&chip->lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* trigger callback */
+static int snd_vortex_pcm_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
+{
+	vortex_t *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	stream_t *stream = (stream_t *) substream->runtime->private_data;
+	int dma = stream->dma;
+
+	spin_lock(&chip->lock);
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+		// do something to start the PCM engine
+		//printk(KERN_INFO "vortex: start %d\n", dma);
+		stream->fifo_enabled = 1;
+		if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) != VORTEX_PCM_WT) {
+			vortex_adbdma_resetup(chip, dma);
+			vortex_adbdma_startfifo(chip, dma);
+		}
+#ifndef CHIP_AU8810
+		else {
+			dev_info(chip->card->dev, "wt start %d\n", dma);
+			vortex_wtdma_startfifo(chip, dma);
+		}
+#endif
+		break;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+		// do something to stop the PCM engine
+		//printk(KERN_INFO "vortex: stop %d\n", dma);
+		stream->fifo_enabled = 0;
+		if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) != VORTEX_PCM_WT)
+			vortex_adbdma_stopfifo(chip, dma);
+#ifndef CHIP_AU8810
+		else {
+			dev_info(chip->card->dev, "wt stop %d\n", dma);
+			vortex_wtdma_stopfifo(chip, dma);
+		}
+#endif
+		break;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
+		//printk(KERN_INFO "vortex: pause %d\n", dma);
+		if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) != VORTEX_PCM_WT)
+			vortex_adbdma_pausefifo(chip, dma);
+#ifndef CHIP_AU8810
+		else
+			vortex_wtdma_pausefifo(chip, dma);
+#endif
+		break;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
+		//printk(KERN_INFO "vortex: resume %d\n", dma);
+		if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) != VORTEX_PCM_WT)
+			vortex_adbdma_resumefifo(chip, dma);
+#ifndef CHIP_AU8810
+		else
+			vortex_wtdma_resumefifo(chip, dma);
+#endif
+		break;
+	default:
+		spin_unlock(&chip->lock);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&chip->lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* pointer callback */
+static snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_vortex_pcm_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	vortex_t *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	stream_t *stream = (stream_t *) substream->runtime->private_data;
+	int dma = stream->dma;
+	snd_pcm_uframes_t current_ptr = 0;
+
+	spin_lock(&chip->lock);
+	if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) != VORTEX_PCM_WT)
+		current_ptr = vortex_adbdma_getlinearpos(chip, dma);
+#ifndef CHIP_AU8810
+	else
+		current_ptr = vortex_wtdma_getlinearpos(chip, dma);
+#endif
+	//printk(KERN_INFO "vortex: pointer = 0x%x\n", current_ptr);
+	spin_unlock(&chip->lock);
+	return (bytes_to_frames(substream->runtime, current_ptr));
+}
+
+/* operators */
+static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_vortex_playback_ops = {
+	.open = snd_vortex_pcm_open,
+	.close = snd_vortex_pcm_close,
+	.ioctl = snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+	.hw_params = snd_vortex_pcm_hw_params,
+	.hw_free = snd_vortex_pcm_hw_free,
+	.prepare = snd_vortex_pcm_prepare,
+	.trigger = snd_vortex_pcm_trigger,
+	.pointer = snd_vortex_pcm_pointer,
+	.page = snd_pcm_sgbuf_ops_page,
+};
+
+/*
+*  definitions of capture are omitted here...
+*/
+
+static char *vortex_pcm_prettyname[VORTEX_PCM_LAST] = {
+	CARD_NAME " ADB",
+	CARD_NAME " SPDIF",
+	CARD_NAME " A3D",
+	CARD_NAME " WT",
+	CARD_NAME " I2S",
+};
+static char *vortex_pcm_name[VORTEX_PCM_LAST] = {
+	"adb",
+	"spdif",
+	"a3d",
+	"wt",
+	"i2s",
+};
+
+/* SPDIF kcontrol */
+
+static int snd_vortex_spdif_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
+{
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_IEC958;
+	uinfo->count = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_vortex_spdif_mask_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] = 0xff;
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[1] = 0xff;
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[2] = 0xff;
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[3] = IEC958_AES3_CON_FS;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_vortex_spdif_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	vortex_t *vortex = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] = 0x00;
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[1] = IEC958_AES1_CON_ORIGINAL|IEC958_AES1_CON_DIGDIGCONV_ID;
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[2] = 0x00;
+	switch (vortex->spdif_sr) {
+	case 32000: ucontrol->value.iec958.status[3] = IEC958_AES3_CON_FS_32000; break;
+	case 44100: ucontrol->value.iec958.status[3] = IEC958_AES3_CON_FS_44100; break;
+	case 48000: ucontrol->value.iec958.status[3] = IEC958_AES3_CON_FS_48000; break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_vortex_spdif_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	vortex_t *vortex = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int spdif_sr = 48000;
+	switch (ucontrol->value.iec958.status[3] & IEC958_AES3_CON_FS) {
+	case IEC958_AES3_CON_FS_32000: spdif_sr = 32000; break;
+	case IEC958_AES3_CON_FS_44100: spdif_sr = 44100; break;
+	case IEC958_AES3_CON_FS_48000: spdif_sr = 48000; break;
+	}
+	if (spdif_sr == vortex->spdif_sr)
+		return 0;
+	vortex->spdif_sr = spdif_sr;
+	vortex_spdif_init(vortex, vortex->spdif_sr, 1);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/* spdif controls */
+static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_vortex_mixer_spdif[] = {
+	{
+		.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_PCM,
+		.name =		SNDRV_CTL_NAME_IEC958("",PLAYBACK,DEFAULT),
+		.info =		snd_vortex_spdif_info,
+		.get =		snd_vortex_spdif_get,
+		.put =		snd_vortex_spdif_put,
+	},
+	{
+		.access =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READ,
+		.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_PCM,
+		.name =		SNDRV_CTL_NAME_IEC958("",PLAYBACK,CON_MASK),
+		.info =		snd_vortex_spdif_info,
+		.get =		snd_vortex_spdif_mask_get
+	},
+};
+
+/* subdevice PCM Volume control */
+
+static int snd_vortex_pcm_vol_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
+				struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
+{
+	vortex_t *vortex = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
+	uinfo->count = (VORTEX_IS_QUAD(vortex) ? 4 : 2);
+	uinfo->value.integer.min = -128;
+	uinfo->value.integer.max = 32;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_vortex_pcm_vol_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
+				struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	int i;
+	vortex_t *vortex = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int subdev = kcontrol->id.subdevice;
+	struct pcm_vol *p = &vortex->pcm_vol[subdev];
+	int max_chn = (VORTEX_IS_QUAD(vortex) ? 4 : 2);
+	for (i = 0; i < max_chn; i++)
+		ucontrol->value.integer.value[i] = p->vol[i];
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_vortex_pcm_vol_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
+				struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	int i;
+	int changed = 0;
+	int mixin;
+	unsigned char vol;
+	vortex_t *vortex = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int subdev = kcontrol->id.subdevice;
+	struct pcm_vol *p = &vortex->pcm_vol[subdev];
+	int max_chn = (VORTEX_IS_QUAD(vortex) ? 4 : 2);
+	for (i = 0; i < max_chn; i++) {
+		if (p->vol[i] != ucontrol->value.integer.value[i]) {
+			p->vol[i] = ucontrol->value.integer.value[i];
+			if (p->active) {
+				switch (vortex->dma_adb[p->dma].nr_ch) {
+				case 1:
+					mixin = p->mixin[0];
+					break;
+				case 2:
+				default:
+					mixin = p->mixin[(i < 2) ? i : (i - 2)];
+					break;
+				case 4:
+					mixin = p->mixin[i];
+					break;
+				}
+				vol = p->vol[i];
+				vortex_mix_setinputvolumebyte(vortex,
+					vortex->mixplayb[i], mixin, vol);
+			}
+			changed = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static const DECLARE_TLV_DB_MINMAX(vortex_pcm_vol_db_scale, -9600, 2400);
+
+static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_vortex_pcm_vol = {
+	.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_PCM,
+	.name = "PCM Playback Volume",
+	.access = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READWRITE |
+		SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_READ |
+		SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_INACTIVE,
+	.info = snd_vortex_pcm_vol_info,
+	.get = snd_vortex_pcm_vol_get,
+	.put = snd_vortex_pcm_vol_put,
+	.tlv = { .p = vortex_pcm_vol_db_scale },
+};
+
+/* create a pcm device */
+static int snd_vortex_new_pcm(vortex_t *chip, int idx, int nr)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
+	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
+	int i;
+	int err, nr_capt;
+
+	if (!chip || idx < 0 || idx >= VORTEX_PCM_LAST)
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	/* idx indicates which kind of PCM device. ADB, SPDIF, I2S and A3D share the 
+	 * same dma engine. WT uses it own separate dma engine which can't capture. */
+	if (idx == VORTEX_PCM_ADB)
+		nr_capt = nr;
+	else
+		nr_capt = 0;
+	err = snd_pcm_new(chip->card, vortex_pcm_prettyname[idx], idx, nr,
+			  nr_capt, &pcm);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	snprintf(pcm->name, sizeof(pcm->name),
+		"%s %s", CARD_NAME_SHORT, vortex_pcm_name[idx]);
+	chip->pcm[idx] = pcm;
+	// This is an evil hack, but it saves a lot of duplicated code.
+	VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(pcm) = idx;
+	pcm->private_data = chip;
+	/* set operators */
+	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK,
+			&snd_vortex_playback_ops);
+	if (idx == VORTEX_PCM_ADB)
+		snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE,
+				&snd_vortex_playback_ops);
+	
+	/* pre-allocation of Scatter-Gather buffers */
+	
+	snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_pages_for_all(pcm, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV_SG,
+					      snd_dma_pci_data(chip->pci_dev),
+					      0x10000, 0x10000);
+
+	switch (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(pcm)) {
+	case VORTEX_PCM_ADB:
+		err = snd_pcm_add_chmap_ctls(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK,
+					     snd_pcm_std_chmaps,
+					     VORTEX_IS_QUAD(chip) ? 4 : 2,
+					     0, NULL);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+		err = snd_pcm_add_chmap_ctls(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE,
+					     snd_pcm_std_chmaps, 2, 0, NULL);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+		break;
+#ifdef CHIP_AU8830
+	case VORTEX_PCM_A3D:
+		err = snd_pcm_add_chmap_ctls(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK,
+					     snd_pcm_std_chmaps, 1, 0, NULL);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+		break;
+#endif
+	}
+
+	if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(pcm) == VORTEX_PCM_SPDIF) {
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_vortex_mixer_spdif); i++) {
+			kctl = snd_ctl_new1(&snd_vortex_mixer_spdif[i], chip);
+			if (!kctl)
+				return -ENOMEM;
+			if ((err = snd_ctl_add(chip->card, kctl)) < 0)
+				return err;
+		}
+	}
+	if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(pcm) == VORTEX_PCM_ADB) {
+		for (i = 0; i < NR_PCM; i++) {
+			chip->pcm_vol[i].active = 0;
+			chip->pcm_vol[i].dma = -1;
+			kctl = snd_ctl_new1(&snd_vortex_pcm_vol, chip);
+			if (!kctl)
+				return -ENOMEM;
+			chip->pcm_vol[i].kctl = kctl;
+			kctl->id.device = 0;
+			kctl->id.subdevice = i;
+			err = snd_ctl_add(chip->card, kctl);
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}