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-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!--
- XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
- This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
- XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
- -->
-<title>Mapping URLs to Filesystem Locations - Apache HTTP Server</title>
-<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
-<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
-<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" />
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-<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
-<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
-<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p>
-<img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
-<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
-<div id="path">
-<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="./">Version 2.0</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Mapping URLs to Filesystem Locations</h1>
-<div class="toplang">
-<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/urlmapping.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
-<a href="./ja/urlmapping.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a> |
-<a href="./ko/urlmapping.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean">&nbsp;ko&nbsp;</a> |
-<a href="./tr/urlmapping.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
-</div>
-
- <p>This document explains how Apache uses the URL of a request
- to determine the filesystem location from which to serve a
- file.</p>
- </div>
-<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#related">Related Modules and Directives</a></li>
-<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></li>
-<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#outside">Files Outside the DocumentRoot</a></li>
-<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#user">User Directories</a></li>
-<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#redirect">URL Redirection</a></li>
-<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxy">Reverse Proxy</a></li>
-<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewrite">Rewriting Engine</a></li>
-<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#notfound">File Not Found</a></li>
-</ul></div>
-<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
-<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="related" id="related">Related Modules and Directives</a></h2>
-
-<table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html">mod_alias</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_speling.html">mod_speling</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#alias">Alias</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_speling.html#checkspelling">CheckSpelling</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypassreverse">ProxyPassReverse</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#redirect">Redirect</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritematch">RewriteMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#scriptaliasmatch">ScriptAliasMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
-</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
-<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="documentroot" id="documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></h2>
-
- <p>In deciding what file to serve for a given request, Apache's
- default behavior is to take the URL-Path for the request (the part
- of the URL following the hostname and port) and add it to the end
- of the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> specified
- in your configuration files. Therefore, the files and directories
- underneath the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>
- make up the basic document tree which will be visible from the
- web.</p>
-
- <p>Apache is also capable of <a href="vhosts/">Virtual
- Hosting</a>, where the server receives requests for more than one
- host. In this case, a different <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> can be specified for each
- virtual host, or alternatively, the directives provided by the
- module <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> can
- be used to dynamically determine the appropriate place from which
- to serve content based on the requested IP address or
- hostname.</p>
-</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
-<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="outside" id="outside">Files Outside the DocumentRoot</a></h2>
-
- <p>There are frequently circumstances where it is necessary to
- allow web access to parts of the filesystem that are not strictly
- underneath the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>. Apache offers several
- different ways to accomplish this. On Unix systems, symbolic links
- can bring other parts of the filesystem under the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>. For security reasons,
- Apache will follow symbolic links only if the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code> setting for the relevant
- directory includes <code>FollowSymLinks</code> or
- <code>SymLinksIfOwnerMatch</code>.</p>
-
- <p>Alternatively, the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#alias">Alias</a></code> directive will map any part
- of the filesystem into the web space. For example, with</p>
-
-<div class="example"><p><code>Alias /docs /var/web</code></p></div>
-
- <p>the URL <code>http://www.example.com/docs/dir/file.html</code>
- will be served from <code>/var/web/dir/file.html</code>. The
- <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></code> directive
- works the same way, with the additional effect that all content
- located at the target path is treated as CGI scripts.</p>
-
- <p>For situations where you require additional flexibility, you
- can use the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code> and
- <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#scriptaliasmatch">ScriptAliasMatch</a></code>
- directives to do powerful regular-expression based matching and
- substitution. For example,</p>
-
-<div class="example"><p><code>ScriptAliasMatch ^/~([a-zA-Z0-9]+)/cgi-bin/(.+)
- /home/$1/cgi-bin/$2</code></p></div>
-
- <p>will map a request to
- <code>http://example.com/~user/cgi-bin/script.cgi</code> to the
- path <code>/home/user/cgi-bin/script.cgi</code> and will treat
- the resulting file as a CGI script.</p>
-</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
-<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="user" id="user">User Directories</a></h2>
-
- <p>Traditionally on Unix systems, the home directory of a
- particular <em>user</em> can be referred to as
- <code>~user/</code>. The module <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code>
- extends this idea to the web by allowing files under each user's
- home directory to be accessed using URLs such as the
- following.</p>
-
-<div class="example"><p><code>http://www.example.com/~user/file.html</code></p></div>
-
- <p>For security reasons, it is inappropriate to give direct
- access to a user's home directory from the web. Therefore, the
- <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code> directive
- specifies a directory underneath the user's home directory
- where web files are located. Using the default setting of
- <code>Userdir public_html</code>, the above URL maps to a file
- at a directory like
- <code>/home/user/public_html/file.html</code> where
- <code>/home/user/</code> is the user's home directory as
- specified in <code>/etc/passwd</code>.</p>
-
- <p>There are also several other forms of the
- <code>Userdir</code> directive which you can use on systems
- where <code>/etc/passwd</code> does not contain the location of
- the home directory.</p>
-
- <p>Some people find the "~" symbol (which is often encoded on the
- web as <code>%7e</code>) to be awkward and prefer to use an
- alternate string to represent user directories. This functionality
- is not supported by mod_userdir. However, if users' home
- directories are structured in a regular way, then it is possible
- to use the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code>
- directive to achieve the desired effect. For example, to make
- <code>http://www.example.com/upages/user/file.html</code> map to
- <code>/home/user/public_html/file.html</code>, use the following
- <code>AliasMatch</code> directive:</p>
-
-<div class="example"><p><code>AliasMatch ^/upages/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)/?(.*)
- /home/$1/public_html/$2</code></p></div>
-</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
-<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="redirect" id="redirect">URL Redirection</a></h2>
-
- <p>The configuration directives discussed in the above sections
- tell Apache to get content from a specific place in the filesystem
- and return it to the client. Sometimes, it is desirable instead to
- inform the client that the requested content is located at a
- different URL, and instruct the client to make a new request with
- the new URL. This is called <em>redirection</em> and is
- implemented by the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#redirect">Redirect</a></code> directive. For example, if
- the contents of the directory <code>/foo/</code> under the
- <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> are moved
- to the new directory <code>/bar/</code>, you can instruct clients
- to request the content at the new location as follows:</p>
-
-<div class="example"><p><code>Redirect permanent /foo/
- http://www.example.com/bar/</code></p></div>
-
- <p>This will redirect any URL-Path starting in
- <code>/foo/</code> to the same URL path on the
- <code>www.example.com</code> server with <code>/bar/</code>
- substituted for <code>/foo/</code>. You can redirect clients to
- any server, not only the origin server.</p>
-
- <p>Apache also provides a <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a></code> directive for more
- complicated rewriting problems. For example, to redirect requests
- for the site home page to a different site, but leave all other
- requests alone, use the following configuration:</p>
-
-<div class="example"><p><code>RedirectMatch permanent ^/$
- http://www.example.com/startpage.html</code></p></div>
-
- <p>Alternatively, to temporarily redirect all pages on one site
- to a particular page on another site, use the following:</p>
-
-<div class="example"><p><code>RedirectMatch temp .*
- http://othersite.example.com/startpage.html</code></p></div>
-</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
-<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Reverse Proxy</a></h2>
-
-<p>Apache also allows you to bring remote documents into the URL space
-of the local server. This technique is called <em>reverse
-proxying</em> because the web server acts like a proxy server by
-fetching the documents from a remote server and returning them to the
-client. It is different from normal proxying because, to the client,
-it appears the documents originate at the reverse proxy server.</p>
-
-<p>In the following example, when clients request documents under the
-<code>/foo/</code> directory, the server fetches those documents from
-the <code>/bar/</code> directory on <code>internal.example.com</code>
-and returns them to the client as if they were from the local
-server.</p>
-
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-ProxyPass /foo/ http://internal.example.com/bar/<br />
-ProxyPassReverse /foo/ http://internal.example.com/bar/
-</code></p></div>
-
-<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> configures
-the server to fetch the appropriate documents, while the
-<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypassreverse">ProxyPassReverse</a></code>
-directive rewrites redirects originating at
-<code>internal.example.com</code> so that they target the appropriate
-directory on the local server. It is important to note, however, that
-links inside the documents will not be rewritten. So any absolute
-links on <code>internal.example.com</code> will result in the client
-breaking out of the proxy server and requesting directly from
-<code>internal.example.com</code>.</p>
-</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
-<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="rewrite" id="rewrite">Rewriting Engine</a></h2>
-
- <p>When even more powerful substitution is required, the rewriting
- engine provided by <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
- can be useful. The directives provided by this module use
- characteristics of the request such as browser type or source IP
- address in deciding from where to serve content. In addition,
- mod_rewrite can use external database files or programs to
- determine how to handle a request. The rewriting engine is capable
- of performing all three types of mappings discussed above:
- internal redirects (aliases), external redirects, and proxying.
- Many practical examples employing mod_rewrite are discussed in the
- <a href="misc/rewriteguide.html">URL Rewriting Guide</a>.</p>
-</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
-<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="notfound" id="notfound">File Not Found</a></h2>
-
- <p>Inevitably, URLs will be requested for which no matching
- file can be found in the filesystem. This can happen for
- several reasons. In some cases, it can be a result of moving
- documents from one location to another. In this case, it is
- best to use <a href="#redirect">URL redirection</a> to inform
- clients of the new location of the resource. In this way, you
- can assure that old bookmarks and links will continue to work,
- even though the resource is at a new location.</p>
-
- <p>Another common cause of "File Not Found" errors is
- accidental mistyping of URLs, either directly in the browser,
- or in HTML links. Apache provides the module
- <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_speling.html">mod_speling</a></code> (sic) to help with
- this problem. When this module is activated, it will intercept
- "File Not Found" errors and look for a resource with a similar
- filename. If one such file is found, mod_speling will send an
- HTTP redirect to the client informing it of the correct
- location. If several "close" files are found, a list of
- available alternatives will be presented to the client.</p>
-
- <p>An especially useful feature of mod_speling, is that it will
- compare filenames without respect to case. This can help
- systems where users are unaware of the case-sensitive nature of
- URLs and the unix filesystem. But using mod_speling for
- anything more than the occasional URL correction can place
- additional load on the server, since each "incorrect" request
- is followed by a URL redirection and a new request from the
- client.</p>
-
- <p>If all attempts to locate the content fail, Apache returns
- an error page with HTTP status code 404 (file not found). The
- appearance of this page is controlled with the
- <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a></code> directive
- and can be customized in a flexible manner as discussed in the
- <a href="custom-error.html">Custom error responses</a> and <a href="misc/custom_errordocs.html">International Server Error
- Responses</a> documents.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="bottomlang">
-<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/urlmapping.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
-<a href="./ja/urlmapping.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a> |
-<a href="./ko/urlmapping.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean">&nbsp;ko&nbsp;</a> |
-<a href="./tr/urlmapping.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
-</div><div id="footer">
-<p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
-<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>
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