path: root/os_net_config/openstack/common/processutils.py

# Copyright 2011 OpenStack Foundation.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
#    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
#    a copy of the License at
#
#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
#    under the License.

"""
System-level utilities and helper functions.
"""

import errno
import logging as stdlib_logging
import os
import random
import shlex
import signal

from eventlet.green import subprocess
from eventlet import greenthread
import six

from os_net_config.openstack.common.gettextutils import _
from os_net_config.openstack.common import log as logging


LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class InvalidArgumentError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, message=None):
        super(InvalidArgumentError, self).__init__(message)


class UnknownArgumentError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, message=None):
        super(UnknownArgumentError, self).__init__(message)


class ProcessExecutionError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, stdout=None, stderr=None, exit_code=None, cmd=None,
                 description=None):
        self.exit_code = exit_code
        self.stderr = stderr
        self.stdout = stdout
        self.cmd = cmd
        self.description = description

        if description is None:
            description = _("Unexpected error while running command.")
        if exit_code is None:
            exit_code = '-'
        message = _('%(description)s\n'
                    'Command: %(cmd)s\n'
                    'Exit code: %(exit_code)s\n'
                    'Stdout: %(stdout)r\n'
                    'Stderr: %(stderr)r') % {'description': description,
                                             'cmd': cmd,
                                             'exit_code': exit_code,
                                             'stdout': stdout,
                                             'stderr': stderr}
        super(ProcessExecutionError, self).__init__(message)


class NoRootWrapSpecified(Exception):
    def __init__(self, message=None):
        super(NoRootWrapSpecified, self).__init__(message)


def _subprocess_setup():
    # Python installs a SIGPIPE handler by default. This is usually not what
    # non-Python subprocesses expect.
    signal.signal(signal.SIGPIPE, signal.SIG_DFL)


def execute(*cmd, **kwargs):
    """Helper method to shell out and execute a command through subprocess.

    Allows optional retry.

    :param cmd:             Passed to subprocess.Popen.
    :type cmd:              string
    :param process_input:   Send to opened process.
    :type process_input:    string
    :param env_variables:   Environment variables and their values that
                            will be set for the process.
    :type env_variables:    dict
    :param check_exit_code: Single bool, int, or list of allowed exit
                            codes.  Defaults to [0].  Raise
                            :class:`ProcessExecutionError` unless
                            program exits with one of these code.
    :type check_exit_code:  boolean, int, or [int]
    :param delay_on_retry:  True | False. Defaults to True. If set to True,
                            wait a short amount of time before retrying.
    :type delay_on_retry:   boolean
    :param attempts:        How many times to retry cmd.
    :type attempts:         int
    :param run_as_root:     True | False. Defaults to False. If set to True,
                            the command is prefixed by the command specified
                            in the root_helper kwarg.
    :type run_as_root:      boolean
    :param root_helper:     command to prefix to commands called with
                            run_as_root=True
    :type root_helper:      string
    :param shell:           whether or not there should be a shell used to
                            execute this command. Defaults to false.
    :type shell:            boolean
    :param loglevel:        log level for execute commands.
    :type loglevel:         int.  (Should be stdlib_logging.DEBUG or
                            stdlib_logging.INFO)
    :returns:               (stdout, stderr) from process execution
    :raises:                :class:`UnknownArgumentError` on
                            receiving unknown arguments
    :raises:                :class:`ProcessExecutionError`
    """

    process_input = kwargs.pop('process_input', None)
    env_variables = kwargs.pop('env_variables', None)
    check_exit_code = kwargs.pop('check_exit_code', [0])
    ignore_exit_code = False
    delay_on_retry = kwargs.pop('delay_on_retry', True)
    attempts = kwargs.pop('attempts', 1)
    run_as_root = kwargs.pop('run_as_root', False)
    root_helper = kwargs.pop('root_helper', '')
    shell = kwargs.pop('shell', False)
    loglevel = kwargs.pop('loglevel', stdlib_logging.DEBUG)

    if isinstance(check_exit_code, bool):
        ignore_exit_code = not check_exit_code
        check_exit_code = [0]
    elif isinstance(check_exit_code, int):
        check_exit_code = [check_exit_code]

    if kwargs:
        raise UnknownArgumentError(_('Got unknown keyword args '
                                     'to utils.execute: %r') % kwargs)

    if run_as_root and hasattr(os, 'geteuid') and os.geteuid() != 0:
        if not root_helper:
            raise NoRootWrapSpecified(
                message=_('Command requested root, but did not '
                          'specify a root helper.'))
        cmd = shlex.split(root_helper) + list(cmd)

    cmd = map(str, cmd)

    while attempts > 0:
        attempts -= 1
        try:
            LOG.log(loglevel, 'Running cmd (subprocess): %s',
                    ' '.join(logging.mask_password(cmd)))
            _PIPE = subprocess.PIPE  # pylint: disable=E1101

            if os.name == 'nt':
                preexec_fn = None
                close_fds = False
            else:
                preexec_fn = _subprocess_setup
                close_fds = True

            obj = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
                                   stdin=_PIPE,
                                   stdout=_PIPE,
                                   stderr=_PIPE,
                                   close_fds=close_fds,
                                   preexec_fn=preexec_fn,
                                   shell=shell,
                                   env=env_variables)
            result = None
            for _i in six.moves.range(20):
                # NOTE(russellb) 20 is an arbitrary number of retries to
                # prevent any chance of looping forever here.
                try:
                    if process_input is not None:
                        result = obj.communicate(process_input)
                    else:
                        result = obj.communicate()
                except OSError as e:
                    if e.errno in (errno.EAGAIN, errno.EINTR):
                        continue
                    raise
                break
            obj.stdin.close()  # pylint: disable=E1101
            _returncode = obj.returncode  # pylint: disable=E1101
            LOG.log(loglevel, 'Result was %s' % _returncode)
            if not ignore_exit_code and _returncode not in check_exit_code:
                (stdout, stderr) = result
                raise ProcessExecutionError(exit_code=_returncode,
                                            stdout=stdout,
                                            stderr=stderr,
                                            cmd=' '.join(cmd))
            return result
        except ProcessExecutionError:
            if not attempts:
                raise
            else:
                LOG.log(loglevel, '%r failed. Retrying.', cmd)
                if delay_on_retry:
                    greenthread.sleep(random.randint(20, 200) / 100.0)
        finally:
            # NOTE(termie): this appears to be necessary to let the subprocess
            #               call clean something up in between calls, without
            #               it two execute calls in a row hangs the second one
            greenthread.sleep(0)


def trycmd(*args, **kwargs):
    """A wrapper around execute() to more easily handle warnings and errors.

    Returns an (out, err) tuple of strings containing the output of
    the command's stdout and stderr.  If 'err' is not empty then the
    command can be considered to have failed.

    :discard_warnings   True | False. Defaults to False. If set to True,
                        then for succeeding commands, stderr is cleared

    """
    discard_warnings = kwargs.pop('discard_warnings', False)

    try:
        out, err = execute(*args, **kwargs)
        failed = False
    except ProcessExecutionError as exn:
        out, err = '', six.text_type(exn)
        failed = True

    if not failed and discard_warnings and err:
        # Handle commands that output to stderr but otherwise succeed
        err = ''

    return out, err


def ssh_execute(ssh, cmd, process_input=None,
                addl_env=None, check_exit_code=True):
    LOG.debug('Running cmd (SSH): %s', cmd)
    if addl_env:
        raise InvalidArgumentError(_('Environment not supported over SSH'))

    if process_input:
        # This is (probably) fixable if we need it...
        raise InvalidArgumentError(_('process_input not supported over SSH'))

    stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream = ssh.exec_command(cmd)
    channel = stdout_stream.channel

    # NOTE(justinsb): This seems suspicious...
    # ...other SSH clients have buffering issues with this approach
    stdout = stdout_stream.read()
    stderr = stderr_stream.read()
    stdin_stream.close()

    exit_status = channel.recv_exit_status()

    # exit_status == -1 if no exit code was returned
    if exit_status != -1:
        LOG.debug('Result was %s' % exit_status)
        if check_exit_code and exit_status != 0:
            raise ProcessExecutionError(exit_code=exit_status,
                                        stdout=stdout,
                                        stderr=stderr,
                                        cmd=cmd)

    return (stdout, stderr)