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diff --git a/docs/requirements/vswitchperf_ltd.rst b/docs/requirements/vswitchperf_ltd.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e1372520 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/requirements/vswitchperf_ltd.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1712 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 +.. (c) OPNFV, Intel Corporation, AT&T and others. + +****************************** +VSPERF LEVEL TEST DESIGN (LTD) +****************************** + +.. 3.1 + +============ +Introduction +============ + +The intention of this Level Test Design (LTD) document is to specify the set of +tests to carry out in order to objectively measure the current characteristics +of a virtual switch in the Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure +(NFVI) as well as the test pass criteria. The detailed test cases will be +defined in details-of-LTD_, preceded by the doc-id-of-LTD_ and the scope-of-LTD_. + +This document is currently in draft form. + +.. 3.1.1 + + +.. _doc-id-of-LTD: + +Document identifier +=================== + +The document id will be used to uniquely +identify versions of the LTD. The format for the document id will be: +OPNFV\_vswitchperf\_LTD\_REL\_STATUS, where by the +status is one of: draft, reviewed, corrected or final. The document id +for this version of the LTD is: +OPNFV\_vswitchperf\_LTD\_Brahmaputra\_REVIEWED. + +.. 3.1.2 + +.. _scope-of-LTD: + +Scope +===== + +The main purpose of this project is to specify a suite of +performance tests in order to objectively measure the current packet +transfer characteristics of a virtual switch in the NFVI. The intent of +the project is to facilitate testing of any virtual switch. Thus, a +generic suite of tests shall be developed, with no hard dependencies to +a single implementation. In addition, the test case suite shall be +architecture independent. + +The test cases developed in this project shall not form part of a +separate test framework, all of these tests may be inserted into the +Continuous Integration Test Framework and/or the Platform Functionality +Test Framework - if a vSwitch becomes a standard component of an OPNFV +release. + +.. 3.1.3 + +References +========== + +* `RFC 1242 Benchmarking Terminology for Network Interconnection + Devices <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1242.txt>`__ +* `RFC 2544 Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect + Devices <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ +* `RFC 2285 Benchmarking Terminology for LAN Switching + Devices <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2285.txt>`__ +* `RFC 2889 Benchmarking Methodology for LAN Switching + Devices <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2889.txt>`__ +* `RFC 3918 Methodology for IP Multicast + Benchmarking <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3918.txt>`__ +* `RFC 4737 Packet Reordering + Metrics <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4737.txt>`__ +* `RFC 5481 Packet Delay Variation Applicability + Statement <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__ +* `RFC 6201 Device Reset + Characterization <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6201>`__ + +.. 3.2 + +.. _details-of-LTD: + +================================ +Details of the Level Test Design +================================ + +This section describes the features to be tested (FeaturesToBeTested-of-LTD_), and +identifies the sets of test cases or scenarios (TestIdentification-of-LTD_). + +.. 3.2.1 + +.. _FeaturesToBeTested-of-LTD: + +Features to be tested +===================== + +Characterizing virtual switches (i.e. Device Under Test (DUT) in this document) +includes measuring the following performance metrics: + +- Throughput +- Packet delay +- Packet delay variation +- Packet loss +- Burst behaviour +- Packet re-ordering +- Packet correctness +- Availability and capacity of the DUT + +.. 3.2.2 + +.. _TestIdentification-of-LTD: + +Test identification +=================== + +.. 3.2.2.1 + +Throughput tests +---------------- + +The following tests aim to determine the maximum forwarding rate that +can be achieved with a virtual switch. The list is not exhaustive but +should indicate the type of tests that should be required. It is +expected that more will be added. + +.. 3.2.2.1.1 + +.. _PacketLossRatio: + +Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC 2544 X% packet loss ratio Throughput and Latency Test + + **Prerequisite Test**: N/A + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + This test determines the DUT's maximum forwarding rate with X% traffic + loss for a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed interval time). + The default loss percentages to be tested are: - X = 0% - X = 10^-7% + + Note: Other values can be tested if required by the user. + + The selected frame sizes are those previously defined under + :ref:`default-test-parameters`. + The test can also be used to determine the average latency of the traffic. + + Under the `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ + test methodology, the test duration will + include a number of trials; each trial should run for a minimum period + of 60 seconds. A binary search methodology must be applied for each + trial to obtain the final result. + + **Expected Result**: At the end of each trial, the presence or absence + of loss determines the modification of offered load for the next trial, + converging on a maximum rate, or + `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ Throughput with X% + loss. + The Throughput load is re-used in related + `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ tests and other + tests. + + **Metrics Collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - The maximum forwarding rate in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of + the DUT for each frame size with X% packet loss. + - The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through the DUT + (if testing for latency, note that this average is different from the + test specified in Section 26.3 of + `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__). + - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this + test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system. + +.. 3.2.2.1.2 + +.. _PacketLossRatioFrameModification: + +Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatioFrameModification +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC 2544 X% packet loss Throughput and Latency Test with + packet modification + + **Prerequisite Test**: N/A + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + This test determines the DUT's maximum forwarding rate with X% traffic + loss for a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed interval time). + The default loss percentages to be tested are: - X = 0% - X = 10^-7% + + Note: Other values can be tested if required by the user. + + The selected frame sizes are those previously defined under + :ref:`default-test-parameters`. + The test can also be used to determine the average latency of the traffic. + + Under the `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ + test methodology, the test duration will + include a number of trials; each trial should run for a minimum period + of 60 seconds. A binary search methodology must be applied for each + trial to obtain the final result. + + During this test, the DUT must perform the following operations on the + traffic flow: + + - Perform packet parsing on the DUT's ingress port. + - Perform any relevant address look-ups on the DUT's ingress ports. + - Modify the packet header before forwarding the packet to the DUT's + egress port. Packet modifications include: + + - Modifying the Ethernet source or destination MAC address. + - Modifying/adding a VLAN tag. (**Recommended**). + - Modifying/adding a MPLS tag. + - Modifying the source or destination ip address. + - Modifying the TOS/DSCP field. + - Modifying the source or destination ports for UDP/TCP/SCTP. + - Modifying the TTL. + + **Expected Result**: The Packet parsing/modifications require some + additional degree of processing resource, therefore the + `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ + Throughput is expected to be somewhat lower than the Throughput level + measured without additional steps. The reduction is expected to be + greatest on tests with the smallest packet sizes (greatest header + processing rates). + + **Metrics Collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - The maximum forwarding rate in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of + the DUT for each frame size with X% packet loss and packet + modification operations being performed by the DUT. + - The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through the DUT + (if testing for latency, note that this average is different from the + test specified in Section 26.3 of + `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__). + - The `RFC5481 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__ + PDV form of delay variation on the traffic flow, + using the 99th percentile. + - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this + test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system. + +.. 3.2.2.1.3 + +Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.Profile +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC 2544 Throughput and Latency Profile + + **Prerequisite Test**: N/A + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + This test reveals how throughput and latency degrades as the offered + rate varies in the region of the DUT's maximum forwarding rate as + determined by LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio (0% Packet Loss). + For example it can be used to determine if the degradation of throughput + and latency as the offered rate increases is slow and graceful or sudden + and severe. + + The selected frame sizes are those previously defined under + :ref:`default-test-parameters`. + + The offered traffic rate is described as a percentage delta with respect + to the DUT's RFC 2544 Throughput as determined by + LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLoss Ratio (0% Packet Loss case). A delta + of 0% is equivalent to an offered traffic rate equal to the RFC 2544 + Maximum Throughput; A delta of +50% indicates an offered rate half-way + between the Maximum RFC2544 Throughput and line-rate, whereas a delta of + -50% indicates an offered rate of half the RFC 2544 Maximum Throughput. + Therefore the range of the delta figure is natuarlly bounded at -100% + (zero offered traffic) and +100% (traffic offered at line rate). + + The following deltas to the maximum forwarding rate should be applied: + + - -50%, -10%, 0%, +10% & +50% + + **Expected Result**: For each packet size a profile should be produced + of how throughput and latency vary with offered rate. + + **Metrics Collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - The forwarding rate in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of the DUT + for each delta to the maximum forwarding rate and for each frame + size. + - The average latency for each delta to the maximum forwarding rate and + for each frame size. + - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this + test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system. + - Any failures experienced (for example if the vSwitch crashes, stops + processing packets, restarts or becomes unresponsive to commands) + when the offered load is above Maximum Throughput MUST be recorded + and reported with the results. + +.. 3.2.2.1.4 + +Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.SystemRecoveryTime +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC 2544 System Recovery Time Test + + **Prerequisite Test** LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + The aim of this test is to determine the length of time it takes the DUT + to recover from an overload condition for a constant load (fixed length + frames at a fixed interval time). The selected frame sizes are those + previously defined under :ref:`default-test-parameters`, + traffic should be sent to the DUT under normal conditions. During the + duration of the test and while the traffic flows are passing though the + DUT, at least one situation leading to an overload condition for the DUT + should occur. The time from the end of the overload condition to when + the DUT returns to normal operations should be measured to determine + recovery time. Prior to overloading the DUT, one should record the + average latency for 10,000 packets forwarded through the DUT. + + The overload condition SHOULD be to transmit traffic at a very high + frame rate to the DUT (150% of the maximum 0% packet loss rate as + determined by LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio or line-rate + whichever is lower), for at least 60 seconds, then reduce the frame rate + to 75% of the maximum 0% packet loss rate. A number of time-stamps + should be recorded: - Record the time-stamp at which the frame rate was + reduced and record a second time-stamp at the time of the last frame + lost. The recovery time is the difference between the two timestamps. - + Record the average latency for 10,000 frames after the last frame loss + and continue to record average latency measurements for every 10,000 + frames, when latency returns to within 10% of pre-overload levels record + the time-stamp. + + **Expected Result**: + + **Metrics collected** + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - The length of time it takes the DUT to recover from an overload + condition. + - The length of time it takes the DUT to recover the average latency to + pre-overload conditions. + + **Deployment scenario**: + + - Physical → virtual switch → physical. + +.. 3.2.2.1.5 + +.. _BackToBackFrames: + +Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.BackToBackFrames +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC2544 Back To Back Frames Test + + **Prerequisite Test**: N + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + The aim of this test is to characterize the ability of the DUT to + process back-to-back frames. For each frame size previously defined + under :ref:`default-test-parameters`, a burst of traffic + is sent to the DUT with the minimum inter-frame gap between each frame. + If the number of received frames equals the number of frames that were + transmitted, the burst size should be increased and traffic is sent to + the DUT again. The value measured is the back-to-back value, that is the + maximum burst size the DUT can handle without any frame loss. Please note + a trial must run for a minimum of 2 seconds and should be repeated 50 + times (at a minimum). + + **Expected Result**: + + Tests of back-to-back frames with physical devices have produced + unstable results in some cases. All tests should be repeated in multiple + test sessions and results stability should be examined. + + **Metrics collected** + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - The average back-to-back value across the trials, which is + the number of frames in the longest burst that the DUT will + handle without the loss of any frames. + - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this + test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system. + + **Deployment scenario**: + + - Physical → virtual switch → physical. + +.. 3.2.2.1.6 + +Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRateSoak +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC 2889 X% packet loss Max Forwarding Rate Soak Test + + **Prerequisite Test** LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + The aim of this test is to understand the Max Forwarding Rate stability + over an extended test duration in order to uncover any outliers. To allow + for an extended test duration, the test should ideally run for 24 hours + or, if this is not possible, for at least 6 hours. For this test, each frame + size must be sent at the highest Throughput rate with X% packet loss, as + determined in the prerequisite test. The default loss percentages to be + tested are: - X = 0% - X = 10^-7% + + Note: Other values can be tested if required by the user. + + **Expected Result**: + + **Metrics Collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - Max Forwarding Rate stability of the DUT. + + - This means reporting the number of packets lost per time interval + and reporting any time intervals with packet loss. The + `RFC2889 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2289.txt>`__ + Forwarding Rate shall be measured in each interval. + An interval of 60s is suggested. + + - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this + test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system. + - The `RFC5481 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__ + PDV form of delay variation on the traffic flow, + using the 99th percentile. + +.. 3.2.2.1.7 + +Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRateSoakFrameModification +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC 2889 Max Forwarding Rate Soak Test with Frame Modification + + **Prerequisite Test**: + LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatioFrameModification (0% Packet Loss) + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + The aim of this test is to understand the Max Forwarding Rate stability over an + extended test duration in order to uncover any outliers. To allow for an + extended test duration, the test should ideally run for 24 hours or, if + this is not possible, for at least 6 hour. For this test, each frame + size must be sent at the highest Throughput rate with 0% packet loss, as + determined in the prerequisite test. + + During this test, the DUT must perform the following operations on the + traffic flow: + + - Perform packet parsing on the DUT's ingress port. + - Perform any relevant address look-ups on the DUT's ingress ports. + - Modify the packet header before forwarding the packet to the DUT's + egress port. Packet modifications include: + + - Modifying the Ethernet source or destination MAC address. + - Modifying/adding a VLAN tag (**Recommended**). + - Modifying/adding a MPLS tag. + - Modifying the source or destination ip address. + - Modifying the TOS/DSCP field. + - Modifying the source or destination ports for UDP/TCP/SCTP. + - Modifying the TTL. + + **Expected Result**: + + **Metrics Collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - Max Forwarding Rate stability of the DUT. + + - This means reporting the number of packets lost per time interval + and reporting any time intervals with packet loss. The + `RFC2889 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2289.txt>`__ + Forwarding Rate shall be measured in each interval. + An interval of 60s is suggested. + + - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this + test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system. + - The `RFC5481 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__ + PDV form of delay variation on the traffic flow, using the 99th + percentile. + +.. 3.2.2.1.8 + +Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC6201.ResetTime +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC 6201 Reset Time Test + + **Prerequisite Test**: N/A + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + The aim of this test is to determine the length of time it takes the DUT + to recover from a reset. + + Two reset methods are defined - planned and unplanned. A planned reset + requires stopping and restarting the virtual switch by the usual + 'graceful' method defined by it's documentation. An unplanned reset + requires simulating a fatal internal fault in the virtual switch - for + example by using kill -SIGKILL on a Linux environment. + + Both reset methods SHOULD be exercised. + + For each frame size previously defined under :ref:`default-test-parameters`, + traffic should be sent to the DUT under + normal conditions. During the duration of the test and while the traffic + flows are passing through the DUT, the DUT should be reset and the Reset + time measured. The Reset time is the total time that a device is + determined to be out of operation and includes the time to perform the + reset and the time to recover from it (cf. `RFC6201 + <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6201.txt>`__). + + `RFC6201 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6201.txt>`__ defines two methods + to measure the Reset time: + + - Frame-Loss Method: which requires the monitoring of the number of + lost frames and calculates the Reset time based on the number of + frames lost and the offered rate according to the following + formula: + + .. code-block:: console + + Frames_lost (packets) + Reset_time = ------------------------------------- + Offered_rate (packets per second) + + - Timestamp Method: which measures the time from which the last frame + is forwarded from the DUT to the time the first frame is forwarded + after the reset. This involves time-stamping all transmitted frames + and recording the timestamp of the last frame that was received prior + to the reset and also measuring the timestamp of the first frame that + is received after the reset. The Reset time is the difference between + these two timestamps. + + According to `RFC6201 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6201.txt>`__ the + choice of method depends on the test tool's capability; the Frame-Loss + method SHOULD be used if the test tool supports: + + * Counting the number of lost frames per stream. + * Transmitting test frame despite the physical link status. + + whereas the Timestamp method SHOULD be used if the test tool supports: + + * Timestamping each frame. + * Monitoring received frame's timestamp. + * Transmitting frames only if the physical link status is up. + + **Expected Result**: + + **Metrics collected** + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + * Average Reset Time over the number of trials performed. + + Results of this test should include the following information: + + * The reset method used. + * Throughput in Fps and Mbps. + * Average Frame Loss over the number of trials performed. + * Average Reset Time in milliseconds over the number of trials performed. + * Number of trials performed. + * Protocol: IPv4, IPv6, MPLS, etc. + * Frame Size in Octets + * Port Media: Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet (GbE), etc. + * Port Speed: 10 Gbps, 40 Gbps etc. + * Interface Encapsulation: Ethernet, Ethernet VLAN, etc. + + **Deployment scenario**: + + * Physical → virtual switch → physical. + +.. 3.2.2.1.9 + +Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC2889 Forwarding Rate Test + + **Prerequisite Test**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + This test measures the DUT's Max Forwarding Rate when the Offered Load + is varied between the throughput and the Maximum Offered Load for fixed + length frames at a fixed time interval. The selected frame sizes are + those previously defined under :ref:`default-test-parameters`. + The throughput is the maximum offered + load with 0% frame loss (measured by the prerequisite test), and the + Maximum Offered Load (as defined by + `RFC2285 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2285.txt>`__) is *"the highest + number of frames per second that an external source can transmit to a + DUT/SUT for forwarding to a specified output interface or interfaces"*. + + Traffic should be sent to the DUT at a particular rate (TX rate) + starting with TX rate equal to the throughput rate. The rate of + successfully received frames at the destination counted (in FPS). If the + RX rate is equal to the TX rate, the TX rate should be increased by a + fixed step size and the RX rate measured again until the Max Forwarding + Rate is found. + + The trial duration for each iteration should last for the period of time + needed for the system to reach steady state for the frame size being + tested. Under `RFC2889 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2289.txt>`__ + (Sec. 5.6.3.1) test methodology, the test + duration should run for a minimum period of 30 seconds, regardless + whether the system reaches steady state before the minimum duration + ends. + + **Expected Result**: According to + `RFC2889 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2289.txt>`__ The Max Forwarding + Rate is the highest forwarding rate of a DUT taken from an iterative set of + forwarding rate measurements. The iterative set of forwarding rate measurements + are made by setting the intended load transmitted from an external source and + measuring the offered load (i.e what the DUT is capable of forwarding). If the + Throughput == the Maximum Offered Load, it follows that Max Forwarding Rate is + equal to the Maximum Offered Load. + + **Metrics Collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - The Max Forwarding Rate for the DUT for each packet size. + - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this + test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system. + + **Deployment scenario**: + + - Physical → virtual switch → physical. Note: Full mesh tests with + multiple ingress and egress ports are a key aspect of RFC 2889 + benchmarks, and scenarios with both 2 and 4 ports should be tested. + In any case, the number of ports used must be reported. + +.. 3.2.2.1.10 + +Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.ForwardPressure +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC2889 Forward Pressure Test + + **Prerequisite Test**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + The aim of this test is to determine if the DUT transmits frames with an + inter-frame gap that is less than 12 bytes. This test overloads the DUT + and measures the output for forward pressure. Traffic should be + transmitted to the DUT with an inter-frame gap of 11 bytes, this will + overload the DUT by 1 byte per frame. The forwarding rate of the DUT + should be measured. + + **Expected Result**: The forwarding rate should not exceed the maximum + forwarding rate of the DUT collected by + LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate. + + **Metrics collected** + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - Forwarding rate of the DUT in FPS or Mbps. + - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this + test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system. + + **Deployment scenario**: + + - Physical → virtual switch → physical. + +.. 3.2.2.1.11 + +Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.ErrorFramesFiltering +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC2889 Error Frames Filtering Test + + **Prerequisite Test**: N/A + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + The aim of this test is to determine whether the DUT will propagate any + erroneous frames it receives or whether it is capable of filtering out + the erroneous frames. Traffic should be sent with erroneous frames + included within the flow at random intervals. Illegal frames that must + be tested include: - Oversize Frames. - Undersize Frames. - CRC Errored + Frames. - Dribble Bit Errored Frames - Alignment Errored Frames + + The traffic flow exiting the DUT should be recorded and checked to + determine if the erroneous frames where passed through the DUT. + + **Expected Result**: Broken frames are not passed! + + **Metrics collected** + + No Metrics are collected in this test, instead it determines: + + - Whether the DUT will propagate erroneous frames. + - Or whether the DUT will correctly filter out any erroneous frames + from traffic flow with out removing correct frames. + + **Deployment scenario**: + + - Physical → virtual switch → physical. + +.. 3.2.2.1.12 + +Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.BroadcastFrameForwarding +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC2889 Broadcast Frame Forwarding Test + + **Prerequisite Test**: N + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + The aim of this test is to determine the maximum forwarding rate of the + DUT when forwarding broadcast traffic. For each frame previously defined + under :ref:`default-test-parameters`, the traffic should + be set up as broadcast traffic. The traffic throughput of the DUT should + be measured. + + The test should be conducted with at least 4 physical ports on the DUT. + The number of ports used MUST be recorded. + + As broadcast involves forwarding a single incoming packet to several + destinations, the latency of a single packet is defined as the average + of the latencies for each of the broadcast destinations. + + The incoming packet is transmitted on each of the other physical ports, + it is not transmitted on the port on which it was received. The test MAY + be conducted using different broadcasting ports to uncover any + performance differences. + + **Expected Result**: + + **Metrics collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - The forwarding rate of the DUT when forwarding broadcast traffic. + - The minimum, average & maximum packets latencies observed. + + **Deployment scenario**: + + - Physical → virtual switch 3x physical. In the Broadcast rate testing, + four test ports are required. One of the ports is connected to the test + device, so it can send broadcast frames and listen for miss-routed frames. + +.. 3.2.2.1.13 + +Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.WorstN-BestN +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: Modified RFC 2544 X% packet loss ratio Throughput and Latency Test + + **Prerequisite Test**: N/A + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + This test determines the DUT's maximum forwarding rate with X% traffic + loss for a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed interval time). + The default loss percentages to be tested are: X = 0%, X = 10^-7% + + Modified RFC 2544 throughput benchmarking methodology aims to quantify + the throughput measurement variations observed during standard RFC 2544 + benchmarking measurements of virtual switches and VNFs. The RFC2544 + binary search algorithm is modified to use more samples per test trial + to drive the binary search and yield statistically more meaningful + results. This keeps the heart of the RFC2544 methodology, still relying + on the binary search of throughput at specified loss tolerance, while + providing more useful information about the range of results seen in + testing. Instead of using a single traffic trial per iteration step, + each traffic trial is repeated N times and the success/failure of the + iteration step is based on these N traffic trials. Two types of revised + tests are defined - *Worst-of-N* and *Best-of-N*. + + **Worst-of-N** + + *Worst-of-N* indicates the lowest expected maximum throughput for ( + packet size, loss tolerance) when repeating the test. + + 1. Repeat the same test run N times at a set packet rate, record each + result. + 2. Take the WORST result (highest packet loss) out of N result samples, + called the Worst-of-N sample. + 3. If Worst-of-N sample has loss less than the set loss tolerance, then + the step is successful - increase the test traffic rate. + 4. If Worst-of-N sample has loss greater than the set loss tolerance + then the step failed - decrease the test traffic rate. + 5. Go to step 1. + + **Best-of-N** + + *Best-of-N* indicates the highest expected maximum throughput for ( + packet size, loss tolerance) when repeating the test. + + 1. Repeat the same traffic run N times at a set packet rate, record + each result. + 2. Take the BEST result (least packet loss) out of N result samples, + called the Best-of-N sample. + 3. If Best-of-N sample has loss less than the set loss tolerance, then + the step is successful - increase the test traffic rate. + 4. If Best-of-N sample has loss greater than the set loss tolerance, + then the step failed - decrease the test traffic rate. + 5. Go to step 1. + + Performing both Worst-of-N and Best-of-N benchmark tests yields lower + and upper bounds of expected maximum throughput under the operating + conditions, giving a very good indication to the user of the + deterministic performance range for the tested setup. + + **Expected Result**: At the end of each trial series, the presence or + absence of loss determines the modification of offered load for the + next trial series, converging on a maximum rate, or + `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ Throughput + with X% loss. + The Throughput load is re-used in related + `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ tests and other + tests. + + **Metrics Collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - The maximum forwarding rate in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of + the DUT for each frame size with X% packet loss. + - The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through the DUT + (if testing for latency, note that this average is different from the + test specified in Section 26.3 of + `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__). + - Following may also be collected as part of this test, to determine + the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system: + + - CPU core utilization. + - CPU cache utilization. + - Memory footprint. + - System bus (QPI, PCI, ...) utilization. + - CPU cycles consumed per packet. + +.. 3.2.2.1.14 + +Test ID: LTD.Throughput.Overlay.Network.<tech>.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: <tech> Overlay Network RFC 2544 X% packet loss ratio Throughput and Latency Test + + + NOTE: Throughout this test, four interchangeable overlay technologies are covered by the + same test description. They are: VXLAN, GRE, NVGRE and GENEVE. + + **Prerequisite Test**: N/A + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + This test evaluates standard switch performance benchmarks for the scenario where an + Overlay Network is deployed for all paths through the vSwitch. Overlay Technologies covered + (replacing <tech> in the test name) include: + + - VXLAN + - GRE + - NVGRE + - GENEVE + + Performance will be assessed for each of the following overlay network functions: + + - Encapsulation only + - De-encapsulation only + - Both Encapsulation and De-encapsulation + + For each native packet, the DUT must perform the following operations: + + - Examine the packet and classify its correct overlay net (tunnel) assignment + - Encapsulate the packet + - Switch the packet to the correct port + + For each encapsulated packet, the DUT must perform the following operations: + + - Examine the packet and classify its correct native network assignment + - De-encapsulate the packet, if required + - Switch the packet to the correct port + + The selected frame sizes are those previously defined under + :ref:`default-test-parameters`. + + Thus, each test comprises an overlay technology, a network function, + and a packet size *with* overlay network overhead included + (but see also the discussion at + https://etherpad.opnfv.org/p/vSwitchTestsDrafts ). + + The test can also be used to determine the average latency of the traffic. + + Under the `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ + test methodology, the test duration will + include a number of trials; each trial should run for a minimum period + of 60 seconds. A binary search methodology must be applied for each + trial to obtain the final result for Throughput. + + **Expected Result**: At the end of each trial, the presence or absence + of loss determines the modification of offered load for the next trial, + converging on a maximum rate, or + `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ Throughput with X% + loss (where the value of X is typically equal to zero). + The Throughput load is re-used in related + `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ tests and other + tests. + + **Metrics Collected**: + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - The maximum Throughput in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of + the DUT for each frame size with X% packet loss. + - The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through the DUT + and VNFs (if testing for latency, note that this average is different from the + test specified in Section 26.3 of + `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__). + - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this + test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system. + +.. 3.2.3.1.15 + +Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.MatchAction.PacketLossRatio +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC 2544 X% packet loss ratio match action Throughput and Latency Test + + **Prerequisite Test**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + The aim of this test is to determine the cost of carrying out match + action(s) on the DUT’s RFC2544 Throughput with X% traffic loss for + a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed interval time). + + Each test case requires: + + * selection of a specific match action(s), + * specifying a percentage of total traffic that is elligible + for the match action, + * determination of the specific test configuration (number + of flows, number of test ports, presence of an external + controller, etc.), and + * measurement of the RFC 2544 Throughput level with X% packet + loss: Traffic shall be bi-directional and symmetric. + + Note: It would be ideal to verify that all match action-elligible + traffic was forwarded to the correct port, and if forwarded to + an unintended port it should be considered lost. + + A match action is an action that is typically carried on a frame + or packet that matches a set of flow classification parameters + (typically frame/packet header fields). A match action may or may + not modify a packet/frame. Match actions include [1]: + + * output : outputs a packet to a particular port. + * normal: Subjects the packet to traditional L2/L3 processing + (MAC learning). + * flood: Outputs the packet on all switch physical ports + other than the port on which it was received and any ports + on which flooding is disabled. + * all: Outputs the packet on all switch physical ports other + than the port on which it was received. + * local: Outputs the packet on the ``local port``, which + corresponds to the network device that has the same name as + the bridge. + * in_port: Outputs the packet on the port from which it was + received. + * Controller: Sends the packet and its metadata to the + OpenFlow controller as a ``packet in`` message. + * enqueue: Enqueues the packet on the specified queue + within port. + * drop: discard the packet. + + Modifications include [1]: + + * mod vlan: covered by LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatioFrameModification + * mod_dl_src: Sets the source Ethernet address. + * mod_dl_dst: Sets the destination Ethernet address. + * mod_nw_src: Sets the IPv4 source address. + * mod_nw_dst: Sets the IPv4 destination address. + * mod_tp_src: Sets the TCP or UDP or SCTP source port. + * mod_tp_dst: Sets the TCP or UDP or SCTP destination port. + * mod_nw_tos: Sets the DSCP bits in the IPv4 ToS/DSCP or + IPv6 traffic class field. + * mod_nw_ecn: Sets the ECN bits in the appropriate IPv4 or + IPv6 field. + * mod_nw_ttl: Sets the IPv4 TTL or IPv6 hop limit field. + + Note: This comprehensive list requires extensive traffic generator + capabilities. + + The match action(s) that were applied as part of the test should be + reported in the final test report. + + During this test, the DUT must perform the following operations on + the traffic flow: + + * Perform packet parsing on the DUT’s ingress port. + * Perform any relevant address look-ups on the DUT’s ingress + ports. + * Carry out one or more of the match actions specified above. + + The default loss percentages to be tested are: - X = 0% - X = 10^-7% + Other values can be tested if required by the user. The selected + frame sizes are those previously defined under + :ref:`default-test-parameters`. + + The test can also be used to determine the average latency of the + traffic when a match action is applied to packets in a flow. Under + the RFC2544 test methodology, the test duration will include a + number of trials; each trial should run for a minimum period of 60 + seconds. A binary search methodology must be applied for each + trial to obtain the final result. + + **Expected Result:** + + At the end of each trial, the presence or absence of loss + determines the modification of offered load for the next trial, + converging on a maximum rate, or RFC2544Throughput with X% loss. + The Throughput load is re-used in related RFC2544 tests and other + tests. + + **Metrics Collected:** + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + * The RFC 2544 Throughput in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps + of the DUT for each frame size with X% packet loss. + * The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through + the DUT (if testing for latency, note that this average is + different from the test specified in Section 26.3 ofRFC2544). + * CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of + this test, to determine the vSwitch’s performance footprint + on the system. + + The metrics collected can be compared to that of the prerequisite + test to determine the cost of the match action(s) in the pipeline. + + **Deployment scenario**: + + - Physical → virtual switch → physical (and others are possible) + + [1] ovs-ofctl - administer OpenFlow switches + [http://openvswitch.org/support/dist-docs/ovs-ofctl.8.txt ] + + +.. 3.2.2.2 + +Packet Latency tests +-------------------- + +These tests will measure the store and forward latency as well as the packet +delay variation for various packet types through the virtual switch. The +following list is not exhaustive but should indicate the type of tests +that should be required. It is expected that more will be added. + +.. 3.2.2.2.1 + +Test ID: LTD.PacketLatency.InitialPacketProcessingLatency +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: Initial Packet Processing Latency + + **Prerequisite Test**: N/A + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + In some virtual switch architectures, the first packets of a flow will + take the system longer to process than subsequent packets in the flow. + This test determines the latency for these packets. The test will + measure the latency of the packets as they are processed by the + flow-setup-path of the DUT. There are two methods for this test, a + recommended method and a nalternative method that can be used if it is + possible to disable the fastpath of the virtual switch. + + Recommended method: This test will send 64,000 packets to the DUT, each + belonging to a different flow. Average packet latency will be determined + over the 64,000 packets. + + Alternative method: This test will send a single packet to the DUT after + a fixed interval of time. The time interval will be equivalent to the + amount of time it takes for a flow to time out in the virtual switch + plus 10%. Average packet latency will be determined over 1,000,000 + packets. + + This test is intended only for non-learning virtual switches; For learning + virtual switches use RFC2889. + + For this test, only unidirectional traffic is required. + + **Expected Result**: The average latency for the initial packet of all + flows should be greater than the latency of subsequent traffic. + + **Metrics Collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - Average latency of the initial packets of all flows that are + processed by the DUT. + + **Deployment scenario**: + + - Physical → Virtual Switch → Physical. + +.. 3.2.2.2.2 + +Test ID: LTD.PacketDelayVariation.RFC3393.Soak +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: Packet Delay Variation Soak Test + + **Prerequisite Tests**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio (0% Packet Loss) + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + The aim of this test is to understand the distribution of packet delay + variation for different frame sizes over an extended test duration and + to determine if there are any outliers. To allow for an extended test + duration, the test should ideally run for 24 hours or, if this is not + possible, for at least 6 hour. For this test, each frame size must be + sent at the highest possible throughput with 0% packet loss, as + determined in the prerequisite test. + + **Expected Result**: + + **Metrics Collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - The packet delay variation value for traffic passing through the DUT. + - The `RFC5481 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__ + PDV form of delay variation on the traffic flow, + using the 99th percentile, for each 60s interval during the test. + - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this + test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system. + +.. 3.2.2.3 + +Scalability tests +----------------- + +The general aim of these tests is to understand the impact of large flow +table size and flow lookups on throughput. The following list is not +exhaustive but should indicate the type of tests that should be required. +It is expected that more will be added. + +.. 3.2.2.3.1 + +.. _Scalability0PacketLoss: + +Test ID: LTD.Scalability.Flows.RFC2544.0PacketLoss +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC 2544 0% loss Flow Scalability throughput test + + **Prerequisite Test**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio, IF the + delta Throughput between the single-flow RFC2544 test and this test with + a variable number of flows is desired. + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + The aim of this test is to measure how throughput changes as the number + of flows in the DUT increases. The test will measure the throughput + through the fastpath, as such the flows need to be installed on the DUT + before passing traffic. + + For each frame size previously defined under :ref:`default-test-parameters` + and for each of the following number of flows: + + - 1,000 + - 2,000 + - 4,000 + - 8,000 + - 16,000 + - 32,000 + - 64,000 + - Max supported number of flows. + + This test will be conducted under two conditions following the + establishment of all flows as required by RFC 2544, regarding the flow + expiration time-out: + + 1) The time-out never expires during each trial. + + 2) The time-out expires for all flows periodically. This would require a + short time-out compared with flow re-appearance for a small number of + flows, and may not be possible for all flow conditions. + + The maximum 0% packet loss Throughput should be determined in a manner + identical to LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio. + + **Expected Result**: + + **Metrics Collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - The maximum number of frames per second that can be forwarded at the + specified number of flows and the specified frame size, with zero + packet loss. + +.. 3.2.2.3.2 + +Test ID: LTD.MemoryBandwidth.RFC2544.0PacketLoss.Scalability +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC 2544 0% loss Memory Bandwidth Scalability test + + **Prerequisite Tests**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio, IF the + delta Throughput between an undisturbed RFC2544 test and this test with + the Throughput affected by cache and memory bandwidth contention is desired. + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + The aim of this test is to understand how the DUT's performance is + affected by cache sharing and memory bandwidth between processes. + + During the test all cores not used by the vSwitch should be running a + memory intensive application. This application should read and write + random data to random addresses in unused physical memory. The random + nature of the data and addresses is intended to consume cache, exercise + main memory access (as opposed to cache) and exercise all memory buses + equally. Furthermore: + + - the ratio of reads to writes should be recorded. A ratio of 1:1 + SHOULD be used. + - the reads and writes MUST be of cache-line size and be cache-line aligned. + - in NUMA architectures memory access SHOULD be local to the core's node. + Whether only local memory or a mix of local and remote memory is used + MUST be recorded. + - the memory bandwidth (reads plus writes) used per-core MUST be recorded; + the test MUST be run with a per-core memory bandwidth equal to half the + maximum system memory bandwidth divided by the number of cores. The test + MAY be run with other values for the per-core memory bandwidth. + - the test MAY also be run with the memory intensive application running + on all cores. + + Under these conditions the DUT's 0% packet loss throughput is determined + as per LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio. + + **Expected Result**: + + **Metrics Collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - The DUT's 0% packet loss throughput in the presence of cache sharing and + memory bandwidth between processes. + +.. 3.2.2.3.3 + +Test ID: LTD.Scalability.VNF.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: VNF Scalability RFC 2544 X% packet loss ratio Throughput and + Latency Test + + **Prerequisite Test**: N/A + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + This test determines the DUT's throughput rate with X% traffic loss for + a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed interval time) when the + number of VNFs on the DUT increases. The default loss percentages + to be tested are: - X = 0% - X = 10^-7% . The minimum number of + VNFs to be tested are 3. + + Flow classification should be conducted with L2, L3 and L4 matching + to understand the matching and scaling capability of the vSwitch. The + matching fields which were used as part of the test should be reported + as part of the benchmark report. + + The vSwitch is responsible for forwarding frames between the VNFs + + The SUT (vSwitch and VNF daisy chain) operation should be validated + before running the test. This may be completed by running a burst or + continuous stream of traffic through the SUT to ensure proper operation + before a test. + + **Note**: The traffic rate used to validate SUT operation should be low + enough not to stress the SUT. + + **Note**: Other values can be tested if required by the user. + + **Note**: The same VNF should be used in the "daisy chain" formation. + Each addition of a VNF should be conducted in a new test setup (The DUT + is brought down, then the DUT is brought up again). An atlernative approach + would be to continue to add VNFs without bringing down the DUT. The + approach used needs to be documented as part of the test report. + + The selected frame sizes are those previously defined under + :ref:`default-test-parameters`. + The test can also be used to determine the average latency of the traffic. + + Under the `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ + test methodology, the test duration will + include a number of trials; each trial should run for a minimum period + of 60 seconds. A binary search methodology must be applied for each + trial to obtain the final result for Throughput. + + **Expected Result**: At the end of each trial, the presence or absence + of loss determines the modification of offered load for the next trial, + converging on a maximum rate, or + `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ Throughput with X% + loss. + The Throughput load is re-used in related + `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ tests and other + tests. + + If the test VNFs are rather light-weight in terms of processing, the test + provides a view of multiple passes through the vswitch on logical + interfaces. In other words, the test produces an optimistic count of + daisy-chained VNFs, but the cumulative effect of traffic on the vSwitch is + "real" (assuming that the vSwitch has some dedicated resources, and the + effects on shared resources is understood). + + + **Metrics Collected**: + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - The maximum Throughput in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of + the DUT for each frame size with X% packet loss. + - The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through the DUT + and VNFs (if testing for latency, note that this average is different from the + test specified in Section 26.3 of + `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__). + - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this + test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system. + +.. 3.2.2.3.4 + +Test ID: LTD.Scalability.VNF.RFC2544.PacketLossProfile +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: VNF Scalability RFC 2544 Throughput and Latency Profile + + **Prerequisite Test**: N/A + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + This test reveals how throughput and latency degrades as the number + of VNFs increases and offered rate varies in the region of the DUT's + maximum forwarding rate as determined by + LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio (0% Packet Loss). + For example it can be used to determine if the degradation of throughput + and latency as the number of VNFs and offered rate increases is slow + and graceful, or sudden and severe. The minimum number of VNFs to + be tested is 3. + + The selected frame sizes are those previously defined under + :ref:`default-test-parameters`. + + The offered traffic rate is described as a percentage delta with respect + to the DUT's RFC 2544 Throughput as determined by + LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLoss Ratio (0% Packet Loss case). A delta + of 0% is equivalent to an offered traffic rate equal to the RFC 2544 + Throughput; A delta of +50% indicates an offered rate half-way + between the Throughput and line-rate, whereas a delta of + -50% indicates an offered rate of half the maximum rate. Therefore the + range of the delta figure is natuarlly bounded at -100% (zero offered + traffic) and +100% (traffic offered at line rate). + + The following deltas to the maximum forwarding rate should be applied: + + - -50%, -10%, 0%, +10% & +50% + + **Note**: Other values can be tested if required by the user. + + **Note**: The same VNF should be used in the "daisy chain" formation. + Each addition of a VNF should be conducted in a new test setup (The DUT + is brought down, then the DUT is brought up again). An atlernative approach + would be to continue to add VNFs without bringing down the DUT. The + approach used needs to be documented as part of the test report. + + Flow classification should be conducted with L2, L3 and L4 matching + to understand the matching and scaling capability of the vSwitch. The + matching fields which were used as part of the test should be reported + as part of the benchmark report. + + The SUT (vSwitch and VNF daisy chain) operation should be validated + before running the test. This may be completed by running a burst or + continuous stream of traffic through the SUT to ensure proper operation + before a test. + + **Note**: the traffic rate used to validate SUT operation should be low + enough not to stress the SUT + + **Expected Result**: For each packet size a profile should be produced + of how throughput and latency vary with offered rate. + + **Metrics Collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - The forwarding rate in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of the DUT + for each delta to the maximum forwarding rate and for each frame + size. + - The average latency for each delta to the maximum forwarding rate and + for each frame size. + - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this + test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system. + - Any failures experienced (for example if the vSwitch crashes, stops + processing packets, restarts or becomes unresponsive to commands) + when the offered load is above Maximum Throughput MUST be recorded + and reported with the results. + +.. 3.2.2.4 + +Activation tests +---------------- + +The general aim of these tests is to understand the capacity of the +and speed with which the vswitch can accommodate new flows. + +.. 3.2.2.4.1 + +Test ID: LTD.Activation.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC2889 Address Caching Capacity Test + + **Prerequisite Test**: N/A + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + Please note this test is only applicable to virtual switches that are capable of + MAC learning. The aim of this test is to determine the address caching + capacity of the DUT for a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed + interval time). The selected frame sizes are those previously defined + under :ref:`default-test-parameters`. + + In order to run this test the aging time, that is the maximum time the + DUT will keep a learned address in its flow table, and a set of initial + addresses, whose value should be >= 1 and <= the max number supported by + the implementation must be known. Please note that if the aging time is + configurable it must be longer than the time necessary to produce frames + from the external source at the specified rate. If the aging time is + fixed the frame rate must be brought down to a value that the external + source can produce in a time that is less than the aging time. + + Learning Frames should be sent from an external source to the DUT to + install a number of flows. The Learning Frames must have a fixed + destination address and must vary the source address of the frames. The + DUT should install flows in its flow table based on the varying source + addresses. Frames should then be transmitted from an external source at + a suitable frame rate to see if the DUT has properly learned all of the + addresses. If there is no frame loss and no flooding, the number of + addresses sent to the DUT should be increased and the test is repeated + until the max number of cached addresses supported by the DUT + determined. + + **Expected Result**: + + **Metrics collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - Number of cached addresses supported by the DUT. + - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this + test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system. + + **Deployment scenario**: + + - Physical → virtual switch → 2 x physical (one receiving, one listening). + +.. 3.2.2.4.2 + +Test ID: LTD.Activation.RFC2889.AddressLearningRate +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC2889 Address Learning Rate Test + + **Prerequisite Test**: LTD.Memory.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + Please note this test is only applicable to virtual switches that are capable of + MAC learning. The aim of this test is to determine the rate of address + learning of the DUT for a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed + interval time). The selected frame sizes are those previously defined + under :ref:`default-test-parameters`, traffic should be + sent with each IPv4/IPv6 address incremented by one. The rate at which + the DUT learns a new address should be measured. The maximum caching + capacity from LTD.Memory.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity should be taken + into consideration as the maximum number of addresses for which the + learning rate can be obtained. + + **Expected Result**: It may be worthwhile to report the behaviour when + operating beyond address capacity - some DUTs may be more friendly to + new addresses than others. + + **Metrics collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - The address learning rate of the DUT. + + **Deployment scenario**: + + - Physical → virtual switch → 2 x physical (one receiving, one listening). + +.. 3.2.2.5 + +Coupling between control path and datapath Tests +------------------------------------------------ + +The following tests aim to determine how tightly coupled the datapath +and the control path are within a virtual switch. The following list +is not exhaustive but should indicate the type of tests that should be +required. It is expected that more will be added. + +.. 3.2.2.5.1 + +Test ID: LTD.CPDPCouplingFlowAddition +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: Control Path and Datapath Coupling + + **Prerequisite Test**: + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + The aim of this test is to understand how exercising the DUT's control + path affects datapath performance. + + Initially a certain number of flow table entries are installed in the + vSwitch. Then over the duration of an RFC2544 throughput test + flow-entries are added and removed at the rates specified below. No + traffic is 'hitting' these flow-entries, they are simply added and + removed. + + The test MUST be repeated with the following initial number of + flow-entries installed: - < 10 - 1000 - 100,000 - 10,000,000 (or the + maximum supported number of flow-entries) + + The test MUST be repeated with the following rates of flow-entry + addition and deletion per second: - 0 - 1 (i.e. 1 addition plus 1 + deletion) - 100 - 10,000 + + **Expected Result**: + + **Metrics Collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - The maximum forwarding rate in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of + the DUT. + - The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through the DUT + (if testing for latency, note that this average is different from the + test specified in Section 26.3 of + `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__). + - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this + test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system. + + **Deployment scenario**: + + - Physical → virtual switch → physical. + +.. 3.2.2.6 + +CPU and memory consumption +-------------------------- + +The following tests will profile a virtual switch's CPU and memory +utilization under various loads and circumstances. The following +list is not exhaustive but should indicate the type of tests that +should be required. It is expected that more will be added. + +.. 3.2.2.6.1 + +.. _CPU0PacketLoss: + +Test ID: LTD.Stress.RFC2544.0PacketLoss +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + **Title**: RFC 2544 0% Loss CPU OR Memory Stress Test + + **Prerequisite Test**: + + **Priority**: + + **Description**: + + The aim of this test is to understand the overall performance of the + system when a CPU or Memory intensive application is run on the same DUT as + the Virtual Switch. For each frame size, an + LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio (0% Packet Loss) test should be + performed. Throughout the entire test a CPU or Memory intensive application + should be run on all cores on the system not in use by the Virtual Switch. + For NUMA system only cores on the same NUMA node are loaded. + + It is recommended that stress-ng be used for loading the non-Virtual + Switch cores but any stress tool MAY be used. + + **Expected Result**: + + **Metrics Collected**: + + The following are the metrics collected for this test: + + - Memory and CPU utilization of the cores running the Virtual Switch. + - The number of identity of the cores allocated to the Virtual Switch. + - The configuration of the stress tool (for example the command line + parameters used to start it.) + + **Note:** Stress in the test ID can be replaced with the name of the + component being stressed, when reporting the results: + LTD.CPU.RFC2544.0PacketLoss or LTD.Memory.RFC2544.0PacketLoss + +.. 3.2.2.7 + +Summary List of Tests +--------------------- + +1. Throughput tests + + - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio + - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatioFrameModification + - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.Profile + - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.SystemRecoveryTime + - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.BackToBackFrames + - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.Soak + - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.SoakFrameModification + - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC6201.ResetTime + - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate + - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.ForwardPressure + - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.ErrorFramesFiltering + - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.BroadcastFrameForwarding + - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.WorstN-BestN + - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.Overlay.Network.<tech>.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio + +2. Packet Latency tests + + - Test ID: LTD.PacketLatency.InitialPacketProcessingLatency + - Test ID: LTD.PacketDelayVariation.RFC3393.Soak + +3. Scalability tests + + - Test ID: LTD.Scalability.Flows.RFC2544.0PacketLoss + - Test ID: LTD.MemoryBandwidth.RFC2544.0PacketLoss.Scalability + - LTD.Scalability.VNF.RFC2544.PacketLossProfile + - LTD.Scalability.VNF.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio + +4. Activation tests + + - Test ID: LTD.Activation.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity + - Test ID: LTD.Activation.RFC2889.AddressLearningRate + +5. Coupling between control path and datapath Tests + + - Test ID: LTD.CPDPCouplingFlowAddition + +6. CPU and memory consumption + + - Test ID: LTD.Stress.RFC2544.0PacketLoss |