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authorTrevor Cooper <trevor.cooper@intel.com>2017-03-22 14:11:32 -0700
committerTrevor Cooper <trevor.cooper@intel.com>2017-03-22 14:11:32 -0700
commitd8ac754a18078a647cc5eb95c5ba59f7bf9b9ae8 (patch)
tree9d9feb146b31945e092b4319ff1f0b2e8836a257 /docs/testing/developer
parent5bc3a7f072674902f9fbdc59ddc36f44b4c87cca (diff)
Moved design to developer dir
Change-Id: I487619deca2658d5239cccd41098751cc8245b34 Signed-off-by: Trevor Cooper <trevor.cooper@intel.com>
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+This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
+http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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+.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
+.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
+.. (c) OPNFV, Intel Corporation, AT&T and others.
+
+===================================
+Traffic Generator Integration Guide
+===================================
+
+Intended Audience
+=================
+
+This document is intended to aid those who want to integrate new traffic
+generator into the vsperf code. It is expected, that reader has already
+read generic part of :ref:`vsperf-design`.
+
+Let us create a sample traffic generator called **sample_tg**, step by step.
+
+Step 1 - create a directory
+===========================
+
+Implementation of trafficgens is located at tools/pkt_gen/ directory,
+where every implementation has its dedicated sub-directory. It is
+required to create a new directory for new traffic generator
+implementations.
+
+E.g.
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ $ mkdir tools/pkt_gen/sample_tg
+
+Step 2 - create a trafficgen module
+===================================
+
+Every trafficgen class must inherit from generic **ITrafficGenerator**
+interface class. VSPERF during its initialization scans content of pkt_gen
+directory for all python modules, that inherit from **ITrafficGenerator**. These
+modules are automatically added into the list of supported traffic generators.
+
+Example:
+
+Let us create a draft of tools/pkt_gen/sample_tg/sample_tg.py module.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+ from tools.pkt_gen import trafficgen
+
+ class SampleTG(trafficgen.ITrafficGenerator):
+ """
+ A sample traffic generator implementation
+ """
+ pass
+
+VSPERF is immediately aware of the new class:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ $ ./vsperf --list-trafficgen
+
+Output should look like:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ Classes derived from: ITrafficGenerator
+ ======
+
+ * Ixia: A wrapper around the IXIA traffic generator.
+
+ * IxNet: A wrapper around IXIA IxNetwork applications.
+
+ * Dummy: A dummy traffic generator whose data is generated by the user.
+
+ * SampleTG: A sample traffic generator implementation
+
+ * TestCenter: Spirent TestCenter
+
+
+Step 3 - configuration
+======================
+
+All configuration values, required for correct traffic generator function, are passed
+from VSPERF to the traffic generator in a dictionary. Default values shared among
+all traffic generators are defined in **conf/03_traffic.conf** within **TRAFFIC**
+dictionary. Default values are loaded by **ITrafficGenerator** interface class
+automatically, so it is not needed to load them explicitly. In case that there are
+any traffic generator specific default values, then they should be set within class
+specific **__init__** function.
+
+VSPERF passes test specific configuration within **traffic** dictionary to every
+start and send function. So implementation of these functions must ensure,
+that default values are updated with the testcase specific values. Proper merge
+of values is assured by call of **merge_spec** function from **conf** module.
+
+Example of **merge_spec** usage in **tools/pkt_gen/sample_tg/sample_tg.py** module:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+ from conf import merge_spec
+
+ def start_rfc2544_throughput(self, traffic=None, duration=30):
+ self._params = {}
+ self._params['traffic'] = self.traffic_defaults.copy()
+ if traffic:
+ self._params['traffic'] = merge_spec(
+ self._params['traffic'], traffic)
+
+
+Step 4 - generic functions
+==========================
+
+There are some generic functions, which every traffic generator should provide.
+Although these functions are mainly optional, at least empty implementation must
+be provided. This is required, so that developer is explicitly aware of these
+functions.
+
+The **connect** function is called from the traffic generator controller from its
+**__enter__** method. This function should assure proper connection initialization
+between DUT and traffic generator. In case, that such implementation is not needed,
+empty implementation is required.
+
+The **disconnect** function should perform clean up of any connection specific
+actions called from the **connect** function.
+
+Example in **tools/pkt_gen/sample_tg/sample_tg.py** module:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+ def connect(self):
+ pass
+
+ def disconnect(self):
+ pass
+
+.. _step-5-supported-traffic-types:
+
+Step 5 - supported traffic types
+================================
+
+Currently VSPERF supports three different types of tests for traffic generators,
+these are identified in vsperf through the traffic type, which include:
+
+ * RFC2544 throughput - Send fixed size packets at different rates, using
+ traffic configuration, until minimum rate at which no packet loss is
+ detected is found. Methods with its implementation have suffix
+ **_rfc2544_throughput**.
+
+ * RFC2544 back2back - Send fixed size packets at a fixed rate, using traffic
+ configuration, for specified time interval. Methods with its
+ implementation have suffix **_rfc2544_back2back**.
+
+ * continuous flow - Send fixed size packets at given framerate, using traffic
+ configuration, for specified time interval. Methods with its
+ implementation have suffix **_cont_traffic**.
+
+In general, both synchronous and asynchronous interfaces must be implemented
+for each traffic type. Synchronous functions start with prefix **send_**.
+Asynchronous with prefixes **start_** and **wait_** in case of throughput
+and back2back and **start_** and **stop_** in case of continuous traffic type.
+
+Example of synchronous interfaces:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+ def send_rfc2544_throughput(self, traffic=None, tests=1, duration=20,
+ lossrate=0.0):
+ def send_rfc2544_back2back(self, traffic=None, tests=1, duration=20,
+ lossrate=0.0):
+ def send_cont_traffic(self, traffic=None, duration=20):
+
+Example of asynchronous interfaces:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+ def start_rfc2544_throughput(self, traffic=None, tests=1, duration=20,
+ lossrate=0.0):
+ def wait_rfc2544_throughput(self):
+
+ def start_rfc2544_back2back(self, traffic=None, tests=1, duration=20,
+ lossrate=0.0):
+ def wait_rfc2544_back2back(self):
+
+ def start_cont_traffic(self, traffic=None, duration=20):
+ def stop_cont_traffic(self):
+
+Description of parameters used by **send**, **start**, **wait** and **stop**
+functions:
+
+ * param **traffic**: A dictionary with detailed definition of traffic
+ pattern. It contains following parameters to be implemented by
+ traffic generator.
+
+ Note: Traffic dictionary has also virtual switch related parameters,
+ which are not listed below.
+
+ Note: There are parameters specific to testing of tunnelling protocols,
+ which are discussed in detail at :ref:`integration-tests` userguide.
+
+ * param **traffic_type**: One of the supported traffic types,
+ e.g. **rfc2544_throughput**, **rfc2544_continuous**
+ or **rfc2544_back2back**.
+ * param **frame_rate**: Defines desired percentage of frame
+ rate used during continuous stream tests.
+ * param **bidir**: Specifies if generated traffic will be full-duplex
+ (true) or half-duplex (false).
+ * param **multistream**: Defines number of flows simulated by traffic
+ generator. Value 0 disables MultiStream feature.
+ * param **stream_type**: Stream Type defines ISO OSI network layer
+ used for simulation of multiple streams.
+ Supported values:
+
+ * **L2** - iteration of destination MAC address
+ * **L3** - iteration of destination IP address
+ * **L4** - iteration of destination port of selected transport protocol
+
+ * param **l2**: A dictionary with data link layer details, e.g. **srcmac**,
+ **dstmac** and **framesize**.
+ * param **l3**: A dictionary with network layer details, e.g. **srcip**,
+ **dstip** and **proto**.
+ * param **l3**: A dictionary with transport layer details, e.g. **srcport**,
+ **dstport**.
+ * param **vlan**: A dictionary with vlan specific parameters,
+ e.g. **priority**, **cfi**, **id** and vlan on/off switch **enabled**.
+
+ * param **tests**: Number of times the test is executed.
+ * param **duration**: Duration of continuous test or per iteration duration
+ in case of RFC2544 throughput or back2back traffic types.
+ * param **lossrate**: Acceptable lossrate percentage.
+
+Step 6 - passing back results
+=============================
+
+It is expected that methods **send**, **wait** and **stop** will return
+values measured by traffic generator within a dictionary. Dictionary keys
+are defined in **ResultsConstants** implemented in
+**core/results/results_constants.py**. Please check sections for RFC2544
+Throughput & Continuous and for Back2Back. The same key names should
+be used by all traffic generator implementations.
+
diff --git a/docs/testing/developer/design/vsperf.png b/docs/testing/developer/design/vsperf.png
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diff --git a/docs/testing/developer/design/vswitchperf_design.rst b/docs/testing/developer/design/vswitchperf_design.rst
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+.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
+.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
+.. (c) OPNFV, Intel Corporation, AT&T and others.
+
+.. _vsperf-design:
+
+======================
+VSPERF Design Document
+======================
+
+Intended Audience
+=================
+
+This document is intended to aid those who want to modify the vsperf code. Or
+to extend it - for example to add support for new traffic generators,
+deployment scenarios and so on.
+
+Usage
+=====
+
+Example Connectivity to DUT
+---------------------------
+
+Establish connectivity to the VSPERF DUT Linux host, such as the DUT in Pod 3,
+by following the steps in `Testbed POD3
+<https://wiki.opnfv.org/get_started/pod_3_-_characterize_vswitch_performance>`__
+
+The steps cover booking the DUT and establishing the VSPERF environment.
+
+Example Command Lines
+---------------------
+
+List all the cli options:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ $ ./vsperf -h
+
+Run all tests that have ``tput`` in their name - ``phy2phy_tput``, ``pvp_tput`` etc.:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ $ ./vsperf --tests 'tput'
+
+As above but override default configuration with settings in '10_custom.conf'.
+This is useful as modifying configuration directly in the configuration files
+in ``conf/NN_*.py`` shows up as changes under git source control:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ $ ./vsperf --conf-file=<path_to_custom_conf>/10_custom.conf --tests 'tput'
+
+Override specific test parameters. Useful for shortening the duration of tests
+for development purposes:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ $ ./vsperf --test-params 'TRAFFICGEN_DURATION=10;TRAFFICGEN_RFC2544_TESTS=1;' \
+ 'TRAFFICGEN_PKT_SIZES=(64,)' pvp_tput
+
+Typical Test Sequence
+=====================
+
+This is a typical flow of control for a test.
+
+.. image:: vsperf.png
+
+.. _design-configuration:
+
+Configuration
+=============
+
+The conf package contains the configuration files (``*.conf``) for all system
+components, it also provides a ``settings`` object that exposes all of these
+settings.
+
+Settings are not passed from component to component. Rather they are available
+globally to all components once they import the conf package.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+ from conf import settings
+ ...
+ log_file = settings.getValue('LOG_FILE_DEFAULT')
+
+Settings files (``*.conf``) are valid python code so can be set to complex
+types such as lists and dictionaries as well as scalar types:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+ first_packet_size = settings.getValue('PACKET_SIZE_LIST')[0]
+
+Configuration Procedure and Precedence
+--------------------------------------
+
+Configuration files follow a strict naming convention that allows them to be
+processed in a specific order. All the .conf files are named ``NN_name.conf``,
+where NN is a decimal number. The files are processed in order from 00_name.conf
+to 99_name.conf so that if the name setting is given in both a lower and higher
+numbered conf file then the higher numbered file is the effective setting as it
+is processed after the setting in the lower numbered file.
+
+The values in the file specified by ``--conf-file`` takes precedence over all
+the other configuration files and does not have to follow the naming
+convention.
+
+.. _paths-documentation:
+
+Configuration of PATHS dictionary
+---------------------------------
+
+VSPERF uses external tools like Open vSwitch and Qemu for execution of testcases. These
+tools may be downloaded and built automatically (see :ref:`vsperf-installation-script`)
+or installed manually by user from binary packages. It is also possible to use a combination
+of both approaches, but it is essential to correctly set paths to all required tools.
+These paths are stored within a PATHS dictionary, which is evaluated before execution
+of each testcase, in order to setup testcase specific environment. Values selected for testcase
+execution are internally stored inside TOOLS dictionary, which is used by VSPERF to execute
+external tools, load kernel modules, etc.
+
+The default configuration of PATHS dictionary is spread among three different configuration files
+to follow logical grouping of configuration options. Basic description of PATHS dictionary
+is placed inside ``conf/00_common.conf``. The configuration specific to DPDK and vswitches
+is located at ``conf/02_vswitch.conf``. The last part related to the Qemu is defined inside
+``conf/04_vnf.conf``. Default configuration values can be used in case, that all required
+tools were downloaded and built automatically by vsperf itself. In case, that some of
+tools were installed manually from binary packages, then it will be necessary to modify
+the content of PATHS dictionary accordingly.
+
+Dictionary has a specific section of configuration options for every tool type, it means:
+
+ * ``PATHS['vswitch']`` - contains a separete dictionary for each of vswitches supported by VSPEF
+
+ Example:
+
+ .. code-block:: python
+
+ PATHS['vswitch'] = {
+ 'OvsDpdkVhost': { ... },
+ 'OvsVanilla' : { ... },
+ ...
+ }
+
+ * ``PATHS['dpdk']`` - contains paths to the dpdk sources, kernel modules and tools (e.g. testpmd)
+
+ Example:
+
+ .. code-block:: python
+
+ PATHS['dpdk'] = {
+ 'type' : 'src',
+ 'src': {
+ 'path': os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, 'src/dpdk/dpdk/'),
+ 'modules' : ['uio', os.path.join(RTE_TARGET, 'kmod/igb_uio.ko')],
+ 'bind-tool': 'tools/dpdk*bind.py',
+ 'testpmd': os.path.join(RTE_TARGET, 'app', 'testpmd'),
+ },
+ ...
+ }
+
+ * ``PATHS['qemu']`` - contains paths to the qemu sources and executable file
+
+ Example:
+
+ .. code-block:: python
+
+ PATHS['qemu'] = {
+ 'type' : 'bin',
+ 'bin': {
+ 'qemu-system': 'qemu-system-x86_64'
+ },
+ ...
+ }
+
+Every section specific to the particular vswitch, dpdk or qemu may contain following types
+of configuration options:
+
+ * option ``type`` - is a string, which defines the type of configured paths ('src' or 'bin')
+ to be selected for a given section:
+
+ * value ``src`` means, that VSPERF will use vswitch, DPDK or QEMU built from sources
+ e.g. by execution of ``systems/build_base_machine.sh`` script during VSPERF
+ installation
+
+ * value ``bin`` means, that VSPERF will use vswitch, DPDK or QEMU binaries installed
+ directly in the operating system, e.g. via OS specific packaging system
+
+ * option ``path`` - is a string with a valid system path; Its content is checked for
+ existence, prefixed with section name and stored into TOOLS for later use
+ e.g. ``TOOLS['dpdk_src']`` or ``TOOLS['vswitch_src']``
+
+ * option ``modules`` - is list of strings with names of kernel modules; Every module name
+ from given list is checked for a '.ko' suffix. In case that it matches and if it is not
+ an absolute path to the module, then module name is prefixed with value of ``path``
+ option defined for the same section
+
+ Example:
+
+ .. code-block:: python
+
+ """
+ snippet of PATHS definition from the configuration file:
+ """
+ PATHS['vswitch'] = {
+ 'OvsVanilla' = {
+ 'type' : 'src',
+ 'src': {
+ 'path': '/tmp/vsperf/src_vanilla/ovs/ovs/',
+ 'modules' : ['datapath/linux/openvswitch.ko'],
+ ...
+ },
+ ...
+ }
+ ...
+ }
+
+ """
+ Final content of TOOLS dictionary used during runtime:
+ """
+ TOOLS['vswitch_modules'] = ['/tmp/vsperf/src_vanilla/ovs/ovs/datapath/linux/openvswitch.ko']
+
+ * all other options are strings with names and paths to specific tools; If a given string
+ contains a relative path and option ``path`` is defined for a given section, then string
+ content will be prefixed with content of the ``path``. Otherwise the name of the tool will be
+ searched within standard system directories. In case that filename contains OS specific
+ wildcards, then they will be expanded to the real path. At the end of the processing, every
+ absolute path will be checked for its existence. In case that temporary path (i.e. path with
+ a ``_tmp`` suffix) does not exist, then log will be written and vsperf will continue. If any
+ other path will not exist, then vsperf execution will be terminated with a runtime error.
+
+ Example:
+
+ .. code-block:: python
+
+ """
+ snippet of PATHS definition from the configuration file:
+ """
+ PATHS['vswitch'] = {
+ 'OvsDpdkVhost': {
+ 'type' : 'src',
+ 'src': {
+ 'path': '/tmp/vsperf/src_vanilla/ovs/ovs/',
+ 'ovs-vswitchd': 'vswitchd/ovs-vswitchd',
+ 'ovsdb-server': 'ovsdb/ovsdb-server',
+ ...
+ }
+ ...
+ }
+ ...
+ }
+
+ """
+ Final content of TOOLS dictionary used during runtime:
+ """
+ TOOLS['ovs-vswitchd'] = '/tmp/vsperf/src_vanilla/ovs/ovs/vswitchd/ovs-vswitchd'
+ TOOLS['ovsdb-server'] = '/tmp/vsperf/src_vanilla/ovs/ovs/ovsdb/ovsdb-server'
+
+Note: In case that ``bin`` type is set for DPDK, then ``TOOLS['dpdk_src']`` will be set to
+the value of ``PATHS['dpdk']['src']['path']``. The reason is, that VSPERF uses downloaded
+DPDK sources to copy DPDK and testpmd into the GUEST, where testpmd is built. In case,
+that DPDK sources are not available, then vsperf will continue with test execution,
+but testpmd can't be used as a guest loopback. This is useful in case, that other guest
+loopback applications (e.g. buildin or l2fwd) are used.
+
+Note: In case of RHEL 7.3 OS usage, binary package configuration is required
+for Vanilla OVS tests. With the installation of a supported rpm for OVS there is
+a section in the ``conf\10_custom.conf`` file that can be used.
+
+.. _configuration-of-traffic-dictionary:
+
+Configuration of TRAFFIC dictionary
+-----------------------------------
+
+TRAFFIC dictionary is used for configuration of traffic generator. Default values
+can be found in configuration file ``conf/03_traffic.conf``. These default values
+can be modified by (first option has the highest priorty):
+
+ 1. ``Parameters`` section of testcase defintion
+ 2. command line options specified by ``--test-params`` argument
+ 3. custom configuration file
+
+It is to note, that in case of option 1 and 2, it is possible to specify only
+values, which should be changed. In case of custom configuration file, it is
+required to specify whole ``TRAFFIC`` dictionary with its all values or explicitly
+call and update() method of ``TRAFFIC`` dictionary.
+
+Detailed description of ``TRAFFIC`` dictionary items follows:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ 'traffic_type' - One of the supported traffic types.
+ E.g. rfc2544_throughput, rfc2544_back2back
+ or rfc2544_continuous
+ Data type: str
+ Default value: "rfc2544_throughput".
+ 'bidir' - Specifies if generated traffic will be full-duplex (True)
+ or half-duplex (False)
+ Data type: str
+ Supported values: "True", "False"
+ Default value: "False".
+ 'frame_rate' - Defines desired percentage of frame rate used during
+ continuous stream tests.
+ Data type: int
+ Default value: 100.
+ 'multistream' - Defines number of flows simulated by traffic generator.
+ Value 0 disables multistream feature
+ Data type: int
+ Supported values: 0-65535
+ Default value: 0.
+ 'stream_type' - Stream type is an extension of the "multistream" feature.
+ If multistream is disabled, then stream type will be
+ ignored. Stream type defines ISO OSI network layer used
+ for simulation of multiple streams.
+ Data type: str
+ Supported values:
+ "L2" - iteration of destination MAC address
+ "L3" - iteration of destination IP address
+ "L4" - iteration of destination port
+ of selected transport protocol
+ Default value: "L4".
+ 'pre_installed_flows'
+ - Pre-installed flows is an extension of the "multistream"
+ feature. If enabled, it will implicitly insert a flow
+ for each stream. If multistream is disabled, then
+ pre-installed flows will be ignored.
+ Note: It is supported only for p2p deployment scenario.
+ Data type: str
+ Supported values:
+ "Yes" - flows will be inserted into OVS
+ "No" - flows won't be inserted into OVS
+ Default value: "No".
+ 'flow_type' - Defines flows complexity.
+ Data type: str
+ Supported values:
+ "port" - flow is defined by ingress ports
+ "IP" - flow is defined by ingress ports
+ and src and dst IP addresses
+ Default value: "port"
+ 'l2' - A dictionary with l2 network layer details. Supported
+ values are:
+ 'srcmac' - Specifies source MAC address filled by traffic generator.
+ NOTE: It can be modified by vsperf in some scenarios.
+ Data type: str
+ Default value: "00:00:00:00:00:00".
+ 'dstmac' - Specifies destination MAC address filled by traffic generator.
+ NOTE: It can be modified by vsperf in some scenarios.
+ Data type: str
+ Default value: "00:00:00:00:00:00".
+ 'framesize' - Specifies default frame size. This value should not be
+ changed directly. It will be overridden during testcase
+ execution by values specified by list TRAFFICGEN_PKT_SIZES.
+ Data type: int
+ Default value: 64
+ 'l3' - A dictionary with l3 network layer details. Supported
+ values are:
+ 'srcip' - Specifies source MAC address filled by traffic generator.
+ NOTE: It can be modified by vsperf in some scenarios.
+ Data type: str
+ Default value: "1.1.1.1".
+ 'dstip' - Specifies destination MAC address filled by traffic generator.
+ NOTE: It can be modified by vsperf in some scenarios.
+ Data type: str
+ Default value: "90.90.90.90".
+ 'proto' - Specifies deflaut protocol type.
+ Please check particular traffic generator implementation
+ for supported protocol types.
+ Data type: str
+ Default value: "udp".
+ 'l4' - A dictionary with l4 network layer details. Supported
+ values are:
+ 'srcport' - Specifies source port of selected transport protocol.
+ NOTE: It can be modified by vsperf in some scenarios.
+ Data type: int
+ Default value: 3000
+ 'dstport' - Specifies destination port of selected transport protocol.
+ NOTE: It can be modified by vsperf in some scenarios.
+ Data type: int
+ Default value: 3001
+ 'vlan' - A dictionary with vlan encapsulation details. Supported
+ values are:
+ 'enabled' - Specifies if vlan encapsulation should be enabled or
+ disabled.
+ Data type: bool
+ Default value: False
+ 'id' - Specifies vlan id.
+ Data type: int (NOTE: must fit to 12 bits)
+ Default value: 0
+ 'priority' - Specifies a vlan priority (PCP header field).
+ Data type: int (NOTE: must fit to 3 bits)
+ Default value: 0
+ 'cfi' - Specifies if frames can or cannot be dropped during
+ congestion (DEI header field).
+ Data type: int (NOTE: must fit to 1 bit)
+ Default value: 0
+
+.. _configuration-of-guest-options:
+
+Configuration of GUEST options
+------------------------------
+
+VSPERF is able to setup scenarios involving a number of VMs in series or in parallel.
+All configuration options related to a particular VM instance are defined as
+lists and prefixed with ``GUEST_`` label. It is essential, that there is enough
+items in all ``GUEST_`` options to cover all VM instances involved in the test.
+In case there is not enough items, then VSPERF will use the first item of
+particular ``GUEST_`` option to expand the list to required length.
+
+Example of option expansion for 4 VMs:
+
+ .. code-block:: python
+
+ """
+ Original values:
+ """
+ GUEST_SMP = ['2']
+ GUEST_MEMORY = ['2048', '4096']
+
+ """
+ Values after automatic expansion:
+ """
+ GUEST_SMP = ['2', '2', '2', '2']
+ GUEST_MEMORY = ['2048', '4096', '2048', '2048']
+
+
+First option can contain macros starting with ``#`` to generate VM specific values.
+These macros can be used only for options of ``list`` or ``str`` types with ``GUEST_``
+prefix.
+
+Example of macros and their expnasion for 2 VMs:
+
+ .. code-block:: python
+
+ """
+ Original values:
+ """
+ GUEST_SHARE_DIR = ['/tmp/qemu#VMINDEX_share']
+ GUEST_BRIDGE_IP = ['#IP(1.1.1.5)/16']
+
+ """
+ Values after automatic expansion:
+ """
+ GUEST_SHARE_DIR = ['/tmp/qemu0_share', '/tmp/qemu1_share']
+ GUEST_BRIDGE_IP = ['1.1.1.5/16', '1.1.1.6/16']
+
+Additional examples are available at ``04_vnf.conf``.
+
+Note: In case, that macro is detected in the first item of the list, then
+all other items are ignored and list content is created automatically.
+
+Multiple macros can be used inside one configuration option definition, but macros
+cannot be used inside other macros. The only exception is macro ``#VMINDEX``, which
+is expanded first and thus it can be used inside other macros.
+
+Following macros are supported:
+
+ * ``#VMINDEX`` - it is replaced by index of VM being executed; This macro
+ is expanded first, so it can be used inside other macros.
+
+ Example:
+
+ .. code-block:: python
+
+ GUEST_SHARE_DIR = ['/tmp/qemu#VMINDEX_share']
+
+ * ``#MAC(mac_address[, step])`` - it will iterate given ``mac_address``
+ with optional ``step``. In case that step is not defined, then it is set to 1.
+ It means, that first VM will use the value of ``mac_address``, second VM
+ value of ``mac_address`` increased by ``step``, etc.
+
+ Example:
+
+ .. code-block:: python
+
+ GUEST_NICS = [[{'mac' : '#MAC(00:00:00:00:00:01,2)'}]]
+
+ * ``#IP(ip_address[, step])`` - it will iterate given ``ip_address``
+ with optional ``step``. In case that step is not defined, then it is set to 1.
+ It means, that first VM will use the value of ``ip_address``, second VM
+ value of ``ip_address`` increased by ``step``, etc.
+
+ Example:
+
+ .. code-block:: python
+
+ GUEST_BRIDGE_IP = ['#IP(1.1.1.5)/16']
+
+ * ``#EVAL(expression)`` - it will evaluate given ``expression`` as python code;
+ Only simple expressions should be used. Call of the functions is not supported.
+
+ Example:
+
+ .. code-block:: python
+
+ GUEST_CORE_BINDING = [('#EVAL(6+2*#VMINDEX)', '#EVAL(7+2*#VMINDEX)')]
+
+Other Configuration
+-------------------
+
+``conf.settings`` also loads configuration from the command line and from the environment.
+
+PXP Deployment
+==============
+
+Every testcase uses one of the supported deployment scenarios to setup test environment.
+The controller responsible for a given scenario configures flows in the vswitch to route
+traffic among physical interfaces connected to the traffic generator and virtual
+machines. VSPERF supports several deployments including PXP deployment, which can
+setup various scenarios with multiple VMs.
+
+These scenarios are realized by VswitchControllerPXP class, which can configure and
+execute given number of VMs in serial or parallel configurations. Every VM can be
+configured with just one or an even number of interfaces. In case that VM has more than
+2 interfaces, then traffic is properly routed among pairs of interfaces.
+
+Example of traffic routing for VM with 4 NICs in serial configuration:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ +------------------------------------------+
+ | VM with 4 NICs |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ |
+ | | Application | | Application | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ |
+ | ^ | ^ | |
+ | | v | v |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ |
+ | | logical ports | | logical ports | |
+ | | 0 1 | | 2 3 | |
+ +--+---------------+----+---------------+--+
+ ^ : ^ :
+ | | | |
+ : v : v
+ +-----------+---------------+----+---------------+----------+
+ | vSwitch | 0 1 | | 2 3 | |
+ | | logical ports | | logical ports | |
+ | previous +---------------+ +---------------+ next |
+ | VM or PHY ^ | ^ | VM or PHY|
+ | port -----+ +------------+ +---> port |
+ +-----------------------------------------------------------+
+
+It is also possible to define different number of interfaces for each VM to better
+simulate real scenarios.
+
+Example of traffic routing for 2 VMs in serial configuration, where 1st VM has
+4 NICs and 2nd VM 2 NICs:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ +------------------------------------------+ +---------------------+
+ | 1st VM with 4 NICs | | 2nd VM with 2 NICs |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | | +---------------+ |
+ | | Application | | Application | | | | Application | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | | +---------------+ |
+ | ^ | ^ | | | ^ | |
+ | | v | v | | | v |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | | +---------------+ |
+ | | logical ports | | logical ports | | | | logical ports | |
+ | | 0 1 | | 2 3 | | | | 0 1 | |
+ +--+---------------+----+---------------+--+ +--+---------------+--+
+ ^ : ^ : ^ :
+ | | | | | |
+ : v : v : v
+ +-----------+---------------+----+---------------+-------+---------------+----------+
+ | vSwitch | 0 1 | | 2 3 | | 4 5 | |
+ | | logical ports | | logical ports | | logical ports | |
+ | previous +---------------+ +---------------+ +---------------+ next |
+ | VM or PHY ^ | ^ | ^ | VM or PHY|
+ | port -----+ +------------+ +---------------+ +----> port |
+ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+The number of VMs involved in the test and the type of their connection is defined
+by deployment name as follows:
+
+ * ``pvvp[number]`` - configures scenario with VMs connected in series with
+ optional ``number`` of VMs. In case that ``number`` is not specified, then
+ 2 VMs will be used.
+
+ Example of 2 VMs in a serial configuration:
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+
+ | 1st VM | | 2nd VM |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ |
+ | | Application | | | | Application | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ |
+ | ^ | | | ^ | |
+ | | v | | | v |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ |
+ | | logical ports | | | | logical ports | |
+ | | 0 1 | | | | 0 1 | |
+ +---+---------------+--+ +---+---------------+--+
+ ^ : ^ :
+ | | | |
+ : v : v
+ +---+---------------+---------+---------------+--+
+ | | 0 1 | | 3 4 | |
+ | | logical ports | vSwitch | logical ports | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ |
+ | ^ | ^ | |
+ | | +-----------------+ v |
+ | +----------------------------------------+ |
+ | | physical ports | |
+ | | 0 1 | |
+ +---+----------------------------------------+---+
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +------------------------------------------------+
+
+ * ``pvpv[number]`` - configures scenario with VMs connected in parallel with
+ optional ``number`` of VMs. In case that ``number`` is not specified, then
+ 2 VMs will be used. Multistream feature is used to route traffic to particular
+ VMs (or NIC pairs of every VM). It means, that VSPERF will enable multistream
+ feaure and sets the number of streams to the number of VMs and their NIC
+ pairs. Traffic will be dispatched based on Stream Type, i.e. by UDP port,
+ IP address or MAC address.
+
+ Example of 2 VMs in a parallel configuration, where traffic is dispatched
+ based on the UDP port.
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+
+ | 1st VM | | 2nd VM |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ |
+ | | Application | | | | Application | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ |
+ | ^ | | | ^ | |
+ | | v | | | v |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ |
+ | | logical ports | | | | logical ports | |
+ | | 0 1 | | | | 0 1 | |
+ +---+---------------+--+ +---+---------------+--+
+ ^ : ^ :
+ | | | |
+ : v : v
+ +---+---------------+---------+---------------+--+
+ | | 0 1 | | 3 4 | |
+ | | logical ports | vSwitch | logical ports | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ |
+ | ^ | ^ : |
+ | | ......................: : |
+ | UDP | UDP : | : |
+ | port| port: +--------------------+ : |
+ | 0 | 1 : | : |
+ | | : v v |
+ | +----------------------------------------+ |
+ | | physical ports | |
+ | | 0 1 | |
+ +---+----------------------------------------+---+
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+PXP deployment is backward compatible with PVP deployment, where ``pvp`` is
+an alias for ``pvvp1`` and it executes just one VM.
+
+The number of interfaces used by VMs is defined by configuration option
+``GUEST_NICS_NR``. In case that more than one pair of interfaces is defined
+for VM, then:
+
+ * for ``pvvp`` (serial) scenario every NIC pair is connected in serial
+ before connection to next VM is created
+ * for ``pvpv`` (parallel) scenario every NIC pair is directly connected
+ to the physical ports and unique traffic stream is assigned to it
+
+Examples:
+
+ * Deployment ``pvvp10`` will start 10 VMs and connects them in series
+ * Deployment ``pvpv4`` will start 4 VMs and connects them in parallel
+ * Deployment ``pvpv1`` and GUEST_NICS_NR = [4] will start 1 VM with
+ 4 interfaces and every NIC pair is directly connected to the
+ physical ports
+ * Deployment ``pvvp`` and GUEST_NICS_NR = [2, 4] will start 2 VMs;
+ 1st VM will have 2 interfaces and 2nd VM 4 interfaces. These interfaces
+ will be connected in serial, i.e. traffic will flow as follows:
+ PHY1 -> VM1_1 -> VM1_2 -> VM2_1 -> VM2_2 -> VM2_3 -> VM2_4 -> PHY2
+
+Note: In case that only 1 or more than 2 NICs are configured for VM,
+then ``testpmd`` should be used as forwarding application inside the VM.
+As it is able to forward traffic between multiple VM NIC pairs.
+
+Note: In case of ``linux_bridge``, all NICs are connected to the same
+bridge inside the VM.
+
+VM, vSwitch, Traffic Generator Independence
+===========================================
+
+VSPERF supports different vSwithes, Traffic Generators, VNFs
+and Forwarding Applications by using standard object-oriented polymorphism:
+
+ * Support for vSwitches is implemented by a class inheriting from IVSwitch.
+ * Support for Traffic Generators is implemented by a class inheriting from
+ ITrafficGenerator.
+ * Support for VNF is implemented by a class inheriting from IVNF.
+ * Support for Forwarding Applications is implemented by a class inheriting
+ from IPktFwd.
+
+By dealing only with the abstract interfaces the core framework can support
+many implementations of different vSwitches, Traffic Generators, VNFs
+and Forwarding Applications.
+
+IVSwitch
+--------
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+ class IVSwitch:
+ start(self)
+ stop(self)
+ add_switch(switch_name)
+ del_switch(switch_name)
+ add_phy_port(switch_name)
+ add_vport(switch_name)
+ get_ports(switch_name)
+ del_port(switch_name, port_name)
+ add_flow(switch_name, flow)
+ del_flow(switch_name, flow=None)
+
+ITrafficGenerator
+-----------------
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+ class ITrafficGenerator:
+ connect()
+ disconnect()
+
+ send_burst_traffic(traffic, numpkts, time, framerate)
+
+ send_cont_traffic(traffic, time, framerate)
+ start_cont_traffic(traffic, time, framerate)
+ stop_cont_traffic(self):
+
+ send_rfc2544_throughput(traffic, tests, duration, lossrate)
+ start_rfc2544_throughput(traffic, tests, duration, lossrate)
+ wait_rfc2544_throughput(self)
+
+ send_rfc2544_back2back(traffic, tests, duration, lossrate)
+ start_rfc2544_back2back(traffic, , tests, duration, lossrate)
+ wait_rfc2544_back2back()
+
+Note ``send_xxx()`` blocks whereas ``start_xxx()`` does not and must be followed by a subsequent call to ``wait_xxx()``.
+
+IVnf
+----
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+ class IVnf:
+ start(memory, cpus,
+ monitor_path, shared_path_host,
+ shared_path_guest, guest_prompt)
+ stop()
+ execute(command)
+ wait(guest_prompt)
+ execute_and_wait (command)
+
+IPktFwd
+--------
+
+ .. code-block:: python
+
+ class IPktFwd:
+ start()
+ stop()
+
+
+Controllers
+-----------
+
+Controllers are used in conjunction with abstract interfaces as way
+of decoupling the control of vSwtiches, VNFs, TrafficGenerators
+and Forwarding Applications from other components.
+
+The controlled classes provide basic primitive operations. The Controllers
+sequence and co-ordinate these primitive operation in to useful actions. For
+instance the vswitch_controller_p2p can be used to bring any vSwitch (that
+implements the primitives defined in IVSwitch) into the configuration required
+by the Phy-to-Phy Deployment Scenario.
+
+In order to support a new vSwitch only a new implementation of IVSwitch needs
+be created for the new vSwitch to be capable of fulfilling all the Deployment
+Scenarios provided for by existing or future vSwitch Controllers.
+
+Similarly if a new Deployment Scenario is required it only needs to be written
+once as a new vSwitch Controller and it will immediately be capable of
+controlling all existing and future vSwitches in to that Deployment Scenario.
+
+Similarly the Traffic Controllers can be used to co-ordinate basic operations
+provided by implementers of ITrafficGenerator to provide useful tests. Though
+traffic generators generally already implement full test cases i.e. they both
+generate suitable traffic and analyse returned traffic in order to implement a
+test which has typically been predefined in an RFC document. However the
+Traffic Controller class allows for the possibility of further enhancement -
+such as iterating over tests for various packet sizes or creating new tests.
+
+Traffic Controller's Role
+-------------------------
+
+.. image:: traffic_controller.png
+
+
+Loader & Component Factory
+--------------------------
+
+The working of the Loader package (which is responsible for *finding* arbitrary
+classes based on configuration data) and the Component Factory which is
+responsible for *choosing* the correct class for a particular situation - e.g.
+Deployment Scenario can be seen in this diagram.
+
+.. image:: factory_and_loader.png
+
+Routing Tables
+==============
+
+Vsperf uses a standard set of routing tables in order to allow tests to easily
+mix and match Deployment Scenarios (PVP, P2P topology), Tuple Matching and
+Frame Modification requirements.
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ +--------------+
+ | |
+ | Table 0 | table#0 - Match table. Flows designed to force 5 & 10
+ | | tuple matches go here.
+ | |
+ +--------------+
+ |
+ |
+ v
+ +--------------+ table#1 - Routing table. Flow entries to forward
+ | | packets between ports goes here.
+ | Table 1 | The chosen port is communicated to subsequent tables by
+ | | setting the metadata value to the egress port number.
+ | | Generally this table is set-up by by the
+ +--------------+ vSwitchController.
+ |
+ |
+ v
+ +--------------+ table#2 - Frame modification table. Frame modification
+ | | flow rules are isolated in this table so that they can
+ | Table 2 | be turned on or off without affecting the routing or
+ | | tuple-matching flow rules. This allows the frame
+ | | modification and tuple matching required by the tests
+ | | in the VSWITCH PERFORMANCE FOR TELCO NFV test
+ +--------------+ specification to be independent of the Deployment
+ | Scenario set up by the vSwitchController.
+ |
+ v
+ +--------------+
+ | |
+ | Table 3 | table#3 - Egress table. Egress packets on the ports
+ | | setup in Table 1.
+ +--------------+
+
+