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authorTrevor Cooper <trevor.cooper@intel.com>2017-03-22 00:49:09 +0000
committerTrevor Cooper <trevor.cooper@intel.com>2017-03-22 00:49:09 +0000
commitf4a955b25a59af2984b0910e5f2cb10a0d1150e5 (patch)
treee90758d0f0ad0df6698a144c3052b9f8f0308375 /docs/requirements
parent32a5263216d79ad34041dca55357278f092bb931 (diff)
Revert "Moved doc files to testing document structure
This reverts commit 32a5263216d79ad34041dca55357278f092bb931. Change-Id: I641b967badffd52ffd9e249b75e67bb7c82a8150 Signed-off-by: Trevor Cooper <trevor.cooper@intel.com>
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diff --git a/docs/requirements/LICENSE b/docs/requirements/LICENSE
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/requirements/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
+http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
diff --git a/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/LICENSE b/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
+document authors. All rights reserved.
+
+This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
+Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
+(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
+publication of this document. Please review these documents
+carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
+to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
+include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
+the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
+described in the Simplified BSD License.
diff --git a/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/draft-ietf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-00.xml b/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/draft-ietf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-00.xml
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@@ -0,0 +1,1016 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
+<!DOCTYPE rfc SYSTEM "rfc2629.dtd">
+<?rfc toc="yes"?>
+<?rfc tocompact="yes"?>
+<?rfc tocdepth="3"?>
+<?rfc tocindent="yes"?>
+<?rfc symrefs="yes"?>
+<?rfc sortrefs="yes"?>
+<?rfc comments="yes"?>
+<?rfc inline="yes"?>
+<?rfc compact="yes"?>
+<?rfc subcompact="no"?>
+<rfc category="info" docName="draft-ietf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-00"
+ ipr="trust200902">
+ <front>
+ <title abbrev="Benchmarking vSwitches">Benchmarking Virtual Switches in
+ OPNFV</title>
+
+ <author fullname="Maryam Tahhan" initials="M." surname="Tahhan">
+ <organization>Intel</organization>
+
+ <address>
+ <postal>
+ <street/>
+
+ <city/>
+
+ <region/>
+
+ <code/>
+
+ <country/>
+ </postal>
+
+ <phone/>
+
+ <facsimile/>
+
+ <email>maryam.tahhan@intel.com</email>
+
+ <uri/>
+ </address>
+ </author>
+
+ <author fullname="Billy O'Mahony" initials="B." surname="O'Mahony">
+ <organization>Intel</organization>
+
+ <address>
+ <postal>
+ <street/>
+
+ <city/>
+
+ <region/>
+
+ <code/>
+
+ <country/>
+ </postal>
+
+ <phone/>
+
+ <facsimile/>
+
+ <email>billy.o.mahony@intel.com</email>
+
+ <uri/>
+ </address>
+ </author>
+
+ <author fullname="Al Morton" initials="A." surname="Morton">
+ <organization>AT&amp;T Labs</organization>
+
+ <address>
+ <postal>
+ <street>200 Laurel Avenue South</street>
+
+ <city>Middletown,</city>
+
+ <region>NJ</region>
+
+ <code>07748</code>
+
+ <country>USA</country>
+ </postal>
+
+ <phone>+1 732 420 1571</phone>
+
+ <facsimile>+1 732 368 1192</facsimile>
+
+ <email>acmorton@att.com</email>
+
+ <uri>http://home.comcast.net/~acmacm/</uri>
+ </address>
+ </author>
+
+ <date day="8" month="July" year="2016"/>
+
+ <abstract>
+ <t>This memo describes the progress of the Open Platform for NFV (OPNFV)
+ project on virtual switch performance "VSWITCHPERF". This project
+ intends to build on the current and completed work of the Benchmarking
+ Methodology Working Group in IETF, by referencing existing literature.
+ The Benchmarking Methodology Working Group has traditionally conducted
+ laboratory characterization of dedicated physical implementations of
+ internetworking functions. Therefore, this memo begins to describe the
+ additional considerations when virtual switches are implemented in
+ general-purpose hardware. The expanded tests and benchmarks are also
+ influenced by the OPNFV mission to support virtualization of the "telco"
+ infrastructure.</t>
+ </abstract>
+
+ <note title="Requirements Language">
+ <t>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+ "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+ document are to be interpreted as described in <xref
+ target="RFC2119">RFC 2119</xref>.</t>
+
+ <t/>
+ </note>
+ </front>
+
+ <middle>
+ <section title="Introduction">
+ <t>Benchmarking Methodology Working Group (BMWG) has traditionally
+ conducted laboratory characterization of dedicated physical
+ implementations of internetworking functions. The Black-box Benchmarks
+ of Throughput, Latency, Forwarding Rates and others have served our
+ industry for many years. Now, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has
+ the goal to transform how internetwork functions are implemented, and
+ therefore has garnered much attention.</t>
+
+ <t>This memo summarizes the progress of the Open Platform for NFV
+ (OPNFV) project on virtual switch performance characterization,
+ "VSWITCHPERF", through the Brahmaputra (second) release <xref
+ target="BrahRel"/>. This project intends to build on the current and
+ completed work of the Benchmarking Methodology Working Group in IETF, by
+ referencing existing literature. For example, currently the most often
+ referenced RFC is <xref target="RFC2544"/> (which depends on <xref
+ target="RFC1242"/>) and foundation of the benchmarking work in OPNFV is
+ common and strong.</t>
+
+ <t>See
+ https://wiki.opnfv.org/characterize_vswitch_performance_for_telco_nfv_use_cases
+ for more background, and the OPNFV website for general information:
+ https://www.opnfv.org/</t>
+
+ <t>The authors note that OPNFV distinguishes itself from other open
+ source compute and networking projects through its emphasis on existing
+ "telco" services as opposed to cloud-computing. There are many ways in
+ which telco requirements have different emphasis on performance
+ dimensions when compared to cloud computing: support for and transfer of
+ isochronous media streams is one example.</t>
+
+ <t>Note also that the move to NFV Infrastructure has resulted in many
+ new benchmarking initiatives across the industry. The authors are
+ currently doing their best to maintain alignment with many other
+ projects, and this Internet Draft is one part of the efforts. We
+ acknowledge the early work in <xref
+ target="I-D.huang-bmwg-virtual-network-performance"/>, and useful
+ discussion with the authors.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Scope">
+ <t>The primary purpose and scope of the memo is to inform the industry
+ of work-in-progress that builds on the body of extensive BMWG literature
+ and experience, and describe the extensions needed for benchmarking
+ virtual switches. Inital feedback indicates that many of these
+ extensions may be applicable beyond the current scope (to hardware
+ switches in the NFV Infrastructure and to virtual routers, for example).
+ Additionally, this memo serves as a vehicle to include more detail and
+ commentary from BMWG and other Open Source communities, under BMWG's
+ chartered work to characterize the NFV Infrastructure (a virtual switch
+ is an important aspect of that infrastructure).</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Benchmarking Considerations">
+ <t>This section highlights some specific considerations (from <xref
+ target="I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net"/>)related to Benchmarks for virtual
+ switches. The OPNFV project is sharing its present view on these areas,
+ as they develop their specifications in the Level Test Design (LTD)
+ document.</t>
+
+ <section title="Comparison with Physical Network Functions">
+ <t>To compare the performance of virtual designs and implementations
+ with their physical counterparts, identical benchmarks are needed.
+ BMWG has developed specifications for many network functions this memo
+ re-uses existing benchmarks through references, and expands them
+ during development of new methods. A key configuration aspect is the
+ number of parallel cores required to achieve comparable performance
+ with a given physical device, or whether some limit of scale was
+ reached before the cores could achieve the comparable level.</t>
+
+ <t>It's unlikely that the virtual switch will be the only application
+ running on the SUT, so CPU utilization, Cache utilization, and Memory
+ footprint should also be recorded for the virtual implementations of
+ internetworking functions.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Continued Emphasis on Black-Box Benchmarks">
+ <t>External observations remain essential as the basis for Benchmarks.
+ Internal observations with fixed specification and interpretation will
+ be provided in parallel to assist the development of operations
+ procedures when the technology is deployed.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="New Configuration Parameters">
+ <t>A key consideration when conducting any sort of benchmark is trying
+ to ensure the consistency and repeatability of test results. When
+ benchmarking the performance of a vSwitch there are many factors that
+ can affect the consistency of results, one key factor is matching the
+ various hardware and software details of the SUT. This section lists
+ some of the many new parameters which this project believes are
+ critical to report in order to achieve repeatability.</t>
+
+ <t>Hardware details including:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Platform details</t>
+
+ <t>Processor details</t>
+
+ <t>Memory information (type and size)</t>
+
+ <t>Number of enabled cores</t>
+
+ <t>Number of cores used for the test</t>
+
+ <t>Number of physical NICs, as well as their details
+ (manufacturer, versions, type and the PCI slot they are plugged
+ into)</t>
+
+ <t>NIC interrupt configuration</t>
+
+ <t>BIOS version, release date and any configurations that were
+ modified</t>
+
+ <t>CPU microcode level</t>
+
+ <t>Memory DIMM configurations (quad rank performance may not be
+ the same as dual rank) in size, freq and slot locations</t>
+
+ <t>PCI configuration parameters (payload size, early ack
+ option...)</t>
+
+ <t>Power management at all levels (ACPI sleep states, processor
+ package, OS...)</t>
+ </list>Software details including:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>OS parameters and behavior (text vs graphical no one typing at
+ the console on one system)</t>
+
+ <t>OS version (for host and VNF)</t>
+
+ <t>Kernel version (for host and VNF)</t>
+
+ <t>GRUB boot parameters (for host and VNF)</t>
+
+ <t>Hypervisor details (Type and version)</t>
+
+ <t>Selected vSwitch, version number or commit id used</t>
+
+ <t>vSwitch launch command line if it has been parameterised</t>
+
+ <t>Memory allocation to the vSwitch</t>
+
+ <t>which NUMA node it is using, and how many memory channels</t>
+
+ <t>DPDK or any other SW dependency version number or commit id
+ used</t>
+
+ <t>Memory allocation to a VM - if it's from Hugpages/elsewhere</t>
+
+ <t>VM storage type: snapshot/independent persistent/independent
+ non-persistent</t>
+
+ <t>Number of VMs</t>
+
+ <t>Number of Virtual NICs (vNICs), versions, type and driver</t>
+
+ <t>Number of virtual CPUs and their core affinity on the host</t>
+
+ <t>Number vNIC interrupt configuration</t>
+
+ <t>Thread affinitization for the applications (including the
+ vSwitch itself) on the host</t>
+
+ <t>Details of Resource isolation, such as CPUs designated for
+ Host/Kernel (isolcpu) and CPUs designated for specific processes
+ (taskset). - Test duration. - Number of flows.</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Test Traffic Information:<list style="symbols">
+ <t>Traffic type - UDP, TCP, IMIX / Other</t>
+
+ <t>Packet Sizes</t>
+
+ <t>Deployment Scenario</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t/>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Flow classification">
+ <t>Virtual switches group packets into flows by processing and
+ matching particular packet or frame header information, or by matching
+ packets based on the input ports. Thus a flow can be thought of a
+ sequence of packets that have the same set of header field values
+ (5-tuple) or have arrived on the same port. Performance results can
+ vary based on the parameters the vSwitch uses to match for a flow. The
+ recommended flow classification parameters for any vSwitch performance
+ tests are: the input port, the source IP address, the destination IP
+ address and the Ethernet protocol type field. It is essential to
+ increase the flow timeout time on a vSwitch before conducting any
+ performance tests that do not measure the flow setup time. Normally
+ the first packet of a particular stream will install the flow in the
+ virtual switch which adds an additional latency, subsequent packets of
+ the same flow are not subject to this latency if the flow is already
+ installed on the vSwitch.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Benchmarks using Baselines with Resource Isolation">
+ <t>This outline describes measurement of baseline with isolated
+ resources at a high level, which is the intended approach at this
+ time.</t>
+
+ <t><list style="numbers">
+ <t>Baselines: <list style="symbols">
+ <t>Optional: Benchmark platform forwarding capability without
+ a vswitch or VNF for at least 72 hours (serves as a means of
+ platform validation and a means to obtain the base performance
+ for the platform in terms of its maximum forwarding rate and
+ latency). <figure>
+ <preamble>Benchmark platform forwarding
+ capability</preamble>
+
+ <artwork align="right"><![CDATA[ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | Simple Forwarding App | | Host
+ | | | | |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | NIC | | |
+ +---+------------------------------------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+
+ <postamble/>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t>Benchmark VNF forwarding capability with direct
+ connectivity (vSwitch bypass, e.g., SR/IOV) for at least 72
+ hours (serves as a means of VNF validation and a means to
+ obtain the base performance for the VNF in terms of its
+ maximum forwarding rate and latency). The metrics gathered
+ from this test will serve as a key comparison point for
+ vSwitch bypass technologies performance and vSwitch
+ performance. <figure align="right">
+ <preamble>Benchmark VNF forwarding capability</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | VNF | | |
+ | | | | |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Passthrough/SR-IOV | | Host
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | NIC | | |
+ +---+------------------------------------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+
+ <postamble/>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t>Benchmarking with isolated resources alone, with other
+ resources (both HW&amp;SW) disabled Example, vSw and VM are
+ SUT</t>
+
+ <t>Benchmarking with isolated resources alone, leaving some
+ resources unused</t>
+
+ <t>Benchmark with isolated resources and all resources
+ occupied</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Next Steps<list style="symbols">
+ <t>Limited sharing</t>
+
+ <t>Production scenarios</t>
+
+ <t>Stressful scenarios</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="VSWITCHPERF Specification Summary">
+ <t>The overall specification in preparation is referred to as a Level
+ Test Design (LTD) document, which will contain a suite of performance
+ tests. The base performance tests in the LTD are based on the
+ pre-existing specifications developed by BMWG to test the performance of
+ physical switches. These specifications include:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t><xref target="RFC2544"/> Benchmarking Methodology for Network
+ Interconnect Devices</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC2889"/> Benchmarking Methodology for LAN
+ Switching</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC6201"/> Device Reset Characterization</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC5481"/> Packet Delay Variation Applicability
+ Statement</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Some of the above/newer RFCs are being applied in benchmarking for
+ the first time, and represent a development challenge for test equipment
+ developers. Fortunately, many members of the testing system community
+ have engaged on the VSPERF project, including an open source test
+ system.</t>
+
+ <t>In addition to this, the LTD also re-uses the terminology defined
+ by:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t><xref target="RFC2285"/> Benchmarking Terminology for LAN
+ Switching Devices</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC5481"/> Packet Delay Variation Applicability
+ Statement</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t/>
+
+ <t>Specifications to be included in future updates of the LTD
+ include:<list style="symbols">
+ <t><xref target="RFC3918"/> Methodology for IP Multicast
+ Benchmarking</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC4737"/> Packet Reordering Metrics</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>As one might expect, the most fundamental internetworking
+ characteristics of Throughput and Latency remain important when the
+ switch is virtualized, and these benchmarks figure prominently in the
+ specification.</t>
+
+ <t>When considering characteristics important to "telco" network
+ functions, we must begin to consider additional performance metrics. In
+ this case, the project specifications have referenced metrics from the
+ IETF IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) literature. This means that the <xref
+ target="RFC2544"/> test of Latency is replaced by measurement of a
+ metric derived from IPPM's <xref target="RFC2679"/>, where a set of
+ statistical summaries will be provided (mean, max, min, etc.). Further
+ metrics planned to be benchmarked include packet delay variation as
+ defined by <xref target="RFC5481"/> , reordering, burst behaviour, DUT
+ availability, DUT capacity and packet loss in long term testing at
+ Throughput level, where some low-level of background loss may be present
+ and characterized.</t>
+
+ <t>Tests have been (or will be) designed to collect the metrics
+ below:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput Tests to measure the maximum forwarding rate (in
+ frames per second or fps) and bit rate (in Mbps) for a constant load
+ (as defined by <xref target="RFC1242"/>) without traffic loss.</t>
+
+ <t>Packet and Frame Delay Distribution Tests to measure average, min
+ and max packet and frame delay for constant loads.</t>
+
+ <t>Packet Delay Tests to understand latency distribution for
+ different packet sizes and over an extended test run to uncover
+ outliers.</t>
+
+ <t>Scalability Tests to understand how the virtual switch performs
+ as the number of flows, active ports, complexity of the forwarding
+ logic&rsquo;s configuration&hellip; it has to deal with
+ increases.</t>
+
+ <t>Stream Performance Tests (TCP, UDP) to measure bulk data transfer
+ performance, i.e. how fast systems can send and receive data through
+ the switch.</t>
+
+ <t>Control Path and Datapath Coupling Tests, to understand how
+ closely coupled the datapath and the control path are as well as the
+ effect of this coupling on the performance of the DUT (example:
+ delay of the initial packet of a flow).</t>
+
+ <t>CPU and Memory Consumption Tests to understand the virtual
+ switch&rsquo;s footprint on the system, usually conducted as
+ auxiliary measurements with benchmarks above. They include: CPU
+ utilization, Cache utilization and Memory footprint.</t>
+
+ <t>The so-called "Soak" tests, where the selected test is conducted
+ over a long period of time (with an ideal duration of 24 hours, and
+ at least 6 hours). The purpose of soak tests is to capture transient
+ changes in performance which may occur due to infrequent processes
+ or the low probability coincidence of two or more processes. The
+ performance must be evaluated periodically during continuous
+ testing, and this results in use of <xref target="RFC2889"/> Frame
+ Rate metrics instead of <xref target="RFC2544"/> Throughput (which
+ requires stopping traffic to allow time for all traffic to exit
+ internal queues).</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Future/planned test specs include:<list style="symbols">
+ <t>Request/Response Performance Tests (TCP, UDP) which measure the
+ transaction rate through the switch.</t>
+
+ <t>Noisy Neighbour Tests, to understand the effects of resource
+ sharing on the performance of a virtual switch.</t>
+
+ <t>Tests derived from examination of ETSI NFV Draft GS IFA003
+ requirements <xref target="IFA003"/> on characterization of
+ acceleration technologies applied to vswitches.</t>
+ </list>The flexibility of deployment of a virtual switch within a
+ network means that the BMWG IETF existing literature needs to be used to
+ characterize the performance of a switch in various deployment
+ scenarios. The deployment scenarios under consideration include:</t>
+
+ <t><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to physical
+ port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +--------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | v | | Host
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +---+--------------+------------+--------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF to virtual switch
+ to physical port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | ^ : | |
+ | | | | | Guest
+ | : v | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port 0| | logical port 1| | |
+ +---+---------------+-----------+---------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v __
+ +---+---------------+----------+---------------+---+ |
+ | | logical port 0| | logical port 1| | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ : | |
+ | | | | | Host
+ | : v | |
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +---+--------------+------------+--------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF to virtual switch
+ to VNF to virtual switch to physical port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+ |
+ | Guest 1 | | Guest 2 | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | | | Application | | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | | | ^ | | |
+ | | v | | | v | | Guests
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical ports | | | | logical ports | | |
+ | | 0 1 | | | | 0 1 | | |
+ +---+---------------+--+ +---+---------------+--+__|
+ ^ : ^ :
+ | | | |
+ : v : v _
+ +---+---------------+---------+---------------+--+ |
+ | | 0 1 | | 3 4 | | |
+ | | logical ports | | logical ports | | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | ^ | | | Host
+ | | |-----------------| v | |
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy ports | vSwitch | phy ports | | |
+ +---+--------------+----------+--------------+---+_|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | ^ | |
+ | | | | Guest
+ | : | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port 0| | |
+ +---+---------------+-------------------------------+ __|
+ ^
+ |
+ : __
+ +---+---------------+------------------------------+ |
+ | | logical port 0| | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | |
+ | | | | Host
+ | : | |
+ | +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | |
+ +---+--------------+------------ -------------- ---+ __|
+ ^
+ |
+ :
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>VNF to virtual switch to physical port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | : | |
+ | | | | Guest
+ | v | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port | | |
+ +-------------------------------+---------------+---+ __|
+ :
+ |
+ v __
+ +------------------------------+---------------+---+ |
+ | | logical port | | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | : | |
+ | | | | Host
+ | v | |
+ | +--------------+ | |
+ | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +-------------------------------+--------------+---+ __|
+ :
+ |
+ v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>VNF to virtual switch to VNF</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+ |
+ | Guest 1 | | Guest 2 | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | | | Application | | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | | | ^ | |
+ | v | | | | | Guests
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical ports | | | | logical ports | | |
+ | | 0 | | | | 0 | | |
+ +---+---------------+--+ +---+---------------+--+__|
+ : ^
+ | |
+ v : _
+ +---+---------------+---------+---------------+--+ |
+ | | 1 | | 1 | | |
+ | | logical ports | | logical ports | | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | | ^ | | Host
+ | L-----------------+ | |
+ | | |
+ | vSwitch | |
+ +------------------------------------------------+_|]]></artwork>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t>A set of Deployment Scenario figures is available on the VSPERF Test
+ Methodology Wiki page <xref target="TestTopo"/>.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="3x3 Matrix Coverage">
+ <t>This section organizes the many existing test specifications into the
+ "3x3" matrix (introduced in <xref target="I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net"/>).
+ Because the LTD specification ID names are quite long, this section is
+ organized into lists for each occupied cell of the matrix (not all are
+ occupied, also the matrix has grown to 3x4 to accommodate scale metrics
+ when displaying the coverage of many metrics/benchmarks). The current
+ version of the LTD specification is available <xref target="LTD"/>.</t>
+
+ <t>The tests listed below assess the activation of paths in the data
+ plane, rather than the control plane.</t>
+
+ <t>A complete list of tests with short summaries is available on the
+ VSPERF "LTD Test Spec Overview" Wiki page <xref target="LTDoverV"/>.</t>
+
+ <section title="Speed of Activation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Activation.RFC2889.AddressLearningRate</t>
+
+ <t>PacketLatency.InitialPacketProcessingLatency</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Accuracy of Activation section">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>CPDP.Coupling.Flow.Addition</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Reliability of Activation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.SystemRecoveryTime</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.ResetTime</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Scale of Activation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Activation.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Speed of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRate</t>
+
+ <t>CPU.RFC2544.0PacketLoss</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRateFrameModification</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.BackToBackFrames</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.ForwardPressure</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.BroadcastFrameForwarding</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Accuracy of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.ErrorFramesFiltering</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.Profile</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Reliability of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.Soak</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.SoakFrameModification</t>
+
+ <t>PacketDelayVariation.RFC3393.Soak</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Scalability of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Scalability.RFC2544.0PacketLoss</t>
+
+ <t>MemoryBandwidth.RFC2544.0PacketLoss.Scalability</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Summary">
+ <t><figure>
+ <artwork><![CDATA[|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| | SPEED | ACCURACY | RELIABILITY | SCALE |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| Activation | X | X | X | X |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| Operation | X | X | X | X |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| De-activation | | | | |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|]]></artwork>
+ </figure></t>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Security Considerations">
+ <t>Benchmarking activities as described in this memo are limited to
+ technology characterization of a Device Under Test/System Under Test
+ (DUT/SUT) using controlled stimuli in a laboratory environment, with
+ dedicated address space and the constraints specified in the sections
+ above.</t>
+
+ <t>The benchmarking network topology will be an independent test setup
+ and MUST NOT be connected to devices that may forward the test traffic
+ into a production network, or misroute traffic to the test management
+ network.</t>
+
+ <t>Further, benchmarking is performed on a "black-box" basis, relying
+ solely on measurements observable external to the DUT/SUT.</t>
+
+ <t>Special capabilities SHOULD NOT exist in the DUT/SUT specifically for
+ benchmarking purposes. Any implications for network security arising
+ from the DUT/SUT SHOULD be identical in the lab and in production
+ networks.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section anchor="IANA" title="IANA Considerations">
+ <t>No IANA Action is requested at this time.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Acknowledgements">
+ <t>The authors appreciate and acknowledge comments from Scott Bradner,
+ Marius Georgescu, Ramki Krishnan, Doug Montgomery, Martin Klozik,
+ Christian Trautman, and others for their reviews.</t>
+ </section>
+ </middle>
+
+ <back>
+ <references title="Normative References">
+ <?rfc ?>
+
+ <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2119"?>
+
+ <?rfc ?>
+
+ <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2330"?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2544'?>
+
+ <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2679"?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2680'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3393'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3432'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2681'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5905'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4689'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4737'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5357'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2889'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3918'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6201'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2285'?>
+
+ <reference anchor="NFV.PER001">
+ <front>
+ <title>Network Function Virtualization: Performance and Portability
+ Best Practices</title>
+
+ <author fullname="ETSI NFV" initials="" surname="">
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date month="June" year="2014"/>
+ </front>
+
+ <seriesInfo name="Group Specification"
+ value="ETSI GS NFV-PER 001 V1.1.1 (2014-06)"/>
+
+ <format type="PDF"/>
+ </reference>
+ </references>
+
+ <references title="Informative References">
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.1242'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5481'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6049'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6248'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6390'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.I-D.huang-bmwg-virtual-network-performance'?>
+
+ <reference anchor="TestTopo">
+ <front>
+ <title>Test Topologies
+ https://wiki.opnfv.org/vsperf/test_methodology</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="LTDoverV">
+ <front>
+ <title>LTD Test Spec Overview
+ https://wiki.opnfv.org/wiki/vswitchperf_test_spec_review</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="LTD">
+ <front>
+ <title>LTD Test Specification
+ http://artifacts.opnfv.org/vswitchperf/docs/requirements/index.html</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="BrahRel">
+ <front>
+ <title>Brahmaputra, Second OPNFV Release
+ https://www.opnfv.org/brahmaputra</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="IFA003">
+ <front>
+ <title>https://docbox.etsi.org/ISG/NFV/Open/Drafts/IFA003_Acceleration_-_vSwitch_Spec/</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+ </references>
+ </back>
+</rfc>
diff --git a/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/draft-ietf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-01.xml b/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/draft-ietf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-01.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8a3d99b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/draft-ietf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-01.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1027 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
+<!DOCTYPE rfc SYSTEM "rfc2629.dtd">
+<?rfc toc="yes"?>
+<?rfc tocompact="yes"?>
+<?rfc tocdepth="3"?>
+<?rfc tocindent="yes"?>
+<?rfc symrefs="yes"?>
+<?rfc sortrefs="yes"?>
+<?rfc comments="yes"?>
+<?rfc inline="yes"?>
+<?rfc compact="yes"?>
+<?rfc subcompact="no"?>
+<rfc category="info" docName="draft-ietf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-01"
+ ipr="trust200902">
+ <front>
+ <title abbrev="Benchmarking vSwitches">Benchmarking Virtual Switches in
+ OPNFV</title>
+
+ <author fullname="Maryam Tahhan" initials="M." surname="Tahhan">
+ <organization>Intel</organization>
+
+ <address>
+ <postal>
+ <street/>
+
+ <city/>
+
+ <region/>
+
+ <code/>
+
+ <country/>
+ </postal>
+
+ <phone/>
+
+ <facsimile/>
+
+ <email>maryam.tahhan@intel.com</email>
+
+ <uri/>
+ </address>
+ </author>
+
+ <author fullname="Billy O'Mahony" initials="B." surname="O'Mahony">
+ <organization>Intel</organization>
+
+ <address>
+ <postal>
+ <street/>
+
+ <city/>
+
+ <region/>
+
+ <code/>
+
+ <country/>
+ </postal>
+
+ <phone/>
+
+ <facsimile/>
+
+ <email>billy.o.mahony@intel.com</email>
+
+ <uri/>
+ </address>
+ </author>
+
+ <author fullname="Al Morton" initials="A." surname="Morton">
+ <organization>AT&amp;T Labs</organization>
+
+ <address>
+ <postal>
+ <street>200 Laurel Avenue South</street>
+
+ <city>Middletown,</city>
+
+ <region>NJ</region>
+
+ <code>07748</code>
+
+ <country>USA</country>
+ </postal>
+
+ <phone>+1 732 420 1571</phone>
+
+ <facsimile>+1 732 368 1192</facsimile>
+
+ <email>acmorton@att.com</email>
+
+ <uri>http://home.comcast.net/~acmacm/</uri>
+ </address>
+ </author>
+
+ <date day="10" month="October" year="2016"/>
+
+ <abstract>
+ <t>This memo describes the progress of the Open Platform for NFV (OPNFV)
+ project on virtual switch performance "VSWITCHPERF". This project
+ intends to build on the current and completed work of the Benchmarking
+ Methodology Working Group in IETF, by referencing existing literature.
+ The Benchmarking Methodology Working Group has traditionally conducted
+ laboratory characterization of dedicated physical implementations of
+ internetworking functions. Therefore, this memo begins to describe the
+ additional considerations when virtual switches are implemented in
+ general-purpose hardware. The expanded tests and benchmarks are also
+ influenced by the OPNFV mission to support virtualization of the "telco"
+ infrastructure.</t>
+ </abstract>
+
+ <note title="Requirements Language">
+ <t>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+ "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+ document are to be interpreted as described in <xref
+ target="RFC2119">RFC 2119</xref>.</t>
+
+ <t/>
+ </note>
+ </front>
+
+ <middle>
+ <section title="Introduction">
+ <t>Benchmarking Methodology Working Group (BMWG) has traditionally
+ conducted laboratory characterization of dedicated physical
+ implementations of internetworking functions. The Black-box Benchmarks
+ of Throughput, Latency, Forwarding Rates and others have served our
+ industry for many years. Now, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has
+ the goal to transform how internetwork functions are implemented, and
+ therefore has garnered much attention.</t>
+
+ <t>This memo summarizes the progress of the Open Platform for NFV
+ (OPNFV) project on virtual switch performance characterization,
+ "VSWITCHPERF", through the Brahmaputra (second) release <xref
+ target="BrahRel"/>. This project intends to build on the current and
+ completed work of the Benchmarking Methodology Working Group in IETF, by
+ referencing existing literature. For example, currently the most often
+ referenced RFC is <xref target="RFC2544"/> (which depends on <xref
+ target="RFC1242"/>) and foundation of the benchmarking work in OPNFV is
+ common and strong.</t>
+
+ <t>See
+ https://wiki.opnfv.org/characterize_vswitch_performance_for_telco_nfv_use_cases
+ for more background, and the OPNFV website for general information:
+ https://www.opnfv.org/</t>
+
+ <t>The authors note that OPNFV distinguishes itself from other open
+ source compute and networking projects through its emphasis on existing
+ "telco" services as opposed to cloud-computing. There are many ways in
+ which telco requirements have different emphasis on performance
+ dimensions when compared to cloud computing: support for and transfer of
+ isochronous media streams is one example.</t>
+
+ <t>Note also that the move to NFV Infrastructure has resulted in many
+ new benchmarking initiatives across the industry. The authors are
+ currently doing their best to maintain alignment with many other
+ projects, and this Internet Draft is one part of the efforts. We
+ acknowledge the early work in <xref
+ target="I-D.huang-bmwg-virtual-network-performance"/>, and useful
+ discussion with the authors.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Scope">
+ <t>The primary purpose and scope of the memo is to inform the industry
+ of work-in-progress that builds on the body of extensive BMWG literature
+ and experience, and describe the extensions needed for benchmarking
+ virtual switches. Inital feedback indicates that many of these
+ extensions may be applicable beyond the current scope (to hardware
+ switches in the NFV Infrastructure and to virtual routers, for example).
+ Additionally, this memo serves as a vehicle to include more detail and
+ commentary from BMWG and other Open Source communities, under BMWG's
+ chartered work to characterize the NFV Infrastructure (a virtual switch
+ is an important aspect of that infrastructure).</t>
+
+ <t>The benchmarking covered in this memo should be applicable to many
+ types of vswitches, and remain vswitch-agnostic to great degree. There
+ has been no attempt to track and test all features of any specific
+ vswitch implementation.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Benchmarking Considerations">
+ <t>This section highlights some specific considerations (from <xref
+ target="I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net"/>)related to Benchmarks for virtual
+ switches. The OPNFV project is sharing its present view on these areas,
+ as they develop their specifications in the Level Test Design (LTD)
+ document.</t>
+
+ <section title="Comparison with Physical Network Functions">
+ <t>To compare the performance of virtual designs and implementations
+ with their physical counterparts, identical benchmarks are needed.
+ BMWG has developed specifications for many network functions this memo
+ re-uses existing benchmarks through references, and expands them
+ during development of new methods. A key configuration aspect is the
+ number of parallel cores required to achieve comparable performance
+ with a given physical device, or whether some limit of scale was
+ reached before the cores could achieve the comparable level.</t>
+
+ <t>It's unlikely that the virtual switch will be the only application
+ running on the SUT, so CPU utilization, Cache utilization, and Memory
+ footprint should also be recorded for the virtual implementations of
+ internetworking functions.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Continued Emphasis on Black-Box Benchmarks">
+ <t>External observations remain essential as the basis for Benchmarks.
+ Internal observations with fixed specification and interpretation will
+ be provided in parallel to assist the development of operations
+ procedures when the technology is deployed.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="New Configuration Parameters">
+ <t>A key consideration when conducting any sort of benchmark is trying
+ to ensure the consistency and repeatability of test results. When
+ benchmarking the performance of a vSwitch there are many factors that
+ can affect the consistency of results, one key factor is matching the
+ various hardware and software details of the SUT. This section lists
+ some of the many new parameters which this project believes are
+ critical to report in order to achieve repeatability.</t>
+
+ <t>Hardware details including:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Platform details</t>
+
+ <t>Processor details</t>
+
+ <t>Memory information (type and size)</t>
+
+ <t>Number of enabled cores</t>
+
+ <t>Number of cores used for the test</t>
+
+ <t>Number of physical NICs, as well as their details
+ (manufacturer, versions, type and the PCI slot they are plugged
+ into)</t>
+
+ <t>NIC interrupt configuration</t>
+
+ <t>BIOS version, release date and any configurations that were
+ modified</t>
+
+ <t>CPU microcode level</t>
+
+ <t>Memory DIMM configurations (quad rank performance may not be
+ the same as dual rank) in size, freq and slot locations</t>
+
+ <t>PCI configuration parameters (payload size, early ack
+ option...)</t>
+
+ <t>Power management at all levels (ACPI sleep states, processor
+ package, OS...)</t>
+ </list>Software details including:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>OS parameters and behavior (text vs graphical no one typing at
+ the console on one system)</t>
+
+ <t>OS version (for host and VNF)</t>
+
+ <t>Kernel version (for host and VNF)</t>
+
+ <t>GRUB boot parameters (for host and VNF)</t>
+
+ <t>Hypervisor details (Type and version)</t>
+
+ <t>Selected vSwitch, version number or commit id used</t>
+
+ <t>vSwitch launch command line if it has been parameterised</t>
+
+ <t>Memory allocation to the vSwitch</t>
+
+ <t>which NUMA node it is using, and how many memory channels</t>
+
+ <t>DPDK or any other SW dependency version number or commit id
+ used</t>
+
+ <t>Memory allocation to a VM - if it's from Hugpages/elsewhere</t>
+
+ <t>VM storage type: snapshot/independent persistent/independent
+ non-persistent</t>
+
+ <t>Number of VMs</t>
+
+ <t>Number of Virtual NICs (vNICs), versions, type and driver</t>
+
+ <t>Number of virtual CPUs and their core affinity on the host</t>
+
+ <t>Number vNIC interrupt configuration</t>
+
+ <t>Thread affinitization for the applications (including the
+ vSwitch itself) on the host</t>
+
+ <t>Details of Resource isolation, such as CPUs designated for
+ Host/Kernel (isolcpu) and CPUs designated for specific processes
+ (taskset). - Test duration. - Number of flows.</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Test Traffic Information:<list style="symbols">
+ <t>Traffic type - UDP, TCP, IMIX / Other</t>
+
+ <t>Packet Sizes</t>
+
+ <t>Deployment Scenario</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t/>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Flow classification">
+ <t>Virtual switches group packets into flows by processing and
+ matching particular packet or frame header information, or by matching
+ packets based on the input ports. Thus a flow can be thought of a
+ sequence of packets that have the same set of header field values
+ (5-tuple) or have arrived on the same port. Performance results can
+ vary based on the parameters the vSwitch uses to match for a flow. The
+ recommended flow classification parameters for any vSwitch performance
+ tests are: the input port, the source IP address, the destination IP
+ address and the Ethernet protocol type field. It is essential to
+ increase the flow timeout time on a vSwitch before conducting any
+ performance tests that do not measure the flow setup time. Normally
+ the first packet of a particular stream will install the flow in the
+ virtual switch which adds an additional latency, subsequent packets of
+ the same flow are not subject to this latency if the flow is already
+ installed on the vSwitch.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Benchmarks using Baselines with Resource Isolation">
+ <t>This outline describes measurement of baseline with isolated
+ resources at a high level, which is the intended approach at this
+ time.</t>
+
+ <t><list style="numbers">
+ <t>Baselines: <list style="symbols">
+ <t>Optional: Benchmark platform forwarding capability without
+ a vswitch or VNF for at least 72 hours (serves as a means of
+ platform validation and a means to obtain the base performance
+ for the platform in terms of its maximum forwarding rate and
+ latency). <figure>
+ <preamble>Benchmark platform forwarding
+ capability</preamble>
+
+ <artwork align="right"><![CDATA[ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | Simple Forwarding App | | Host
+ | | | | |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | NIC | | |
+ +---+------------------------------------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+
+ <postamble/>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t>Benchmark VNF forwarding capability with direct
+ connectivity (vSwitch bypass, e.g., SR/IOV) for at least 72
+ hours (serves as a means of VNF validation and a means to
+ obtain the base performance for the VNF in terms of its
+ maximum forwarding rate and latency). The metrics gathered
+ from this test will serve as a key comparison point for
+ vSwitch bypass technologies performance and vSwitch
+ performance. <figure align="right">
+ <preamble>Benchmark VNF forwarding capability</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | VNF | | |
+ | | | | |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Passthrough/SR-IOV | | Host
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | NIC | | |
+ +---+------------------------------------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+
+ <postamble/>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t>Benchmarking with isolated resources alone, with other
+ resources (both HW&amp;SW) disabled Example, vSw and VM are
+ SUT</t>
+
+ <t>Benchmarking with isolated resources alone, leaving some
+ resources unused</t>
+
+ <t>Benchmark with isolated resources and all resources
+ occupied</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Next Steps<list style="symbols">
+ <t>Limited sharing</t>
+
+ <t>Production scenarios</t>
+
+ <t>Stressful scenarios</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="VSWITCHPERF Specification Summary">
+ <t>The overall specification in preparation is referred to as a Level
+ Test Design (LTD) document, which will contain a suite of performance
+ tests. The base performance tests in the LTD are based on the
+ pre-existing specifications developed by BMWG to test the performance of
+ physical switches. These specifications include:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t><xref target="RFC2544"/> Benchmarking Methodology for Network
+ Interconnect Devices</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC2889"/> Benchmarking Methodology for LAN
+ Switching</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC6201"/> Device Reset Characterization</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC5481"/> Packet Delay Variation Applicability
+ Statement</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Some of the above/newer RFCs are being applied in benchmarking for
+ the first time, and represent a development challenge for test equipment
+ developers. Fortunately, many members of the testing system community
+ have engaged on the VSPERF project, including an open source test
+ system.</t>
+
+ <t>In addition to this, the LTD also re-uses the terminology defined
+ by:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t><xref target="RFC2285"/> Benchmarking Terminology for LAN
+ Switching Devices</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC5481"/> Packet Delay Variation Applicability
+ Statement</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t/>
+
+ <t>Specifications to be included in future updates of the LTD
+ include:<list style="symbols">
+ <t><xref target="RFC3918"/> Methodology for IP Multicast
+ Benchmarking</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC4737"/> Packet Reordering Metrics</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>As one might expect, the most fundamental internetworking
+ characteristics of Throughput and Latency remain important when the
+ switch is virtualized, and these benchmarks figure prominently in the
+ specification.</t>
+
+ <t>When considering characteristics important to "telco" network
+ functions, we must begin to consider additional performance metrics. In
+ this case, the project specifications have referenced metrics from the
+ IETF IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) literature. This means that the <xref
+ target="RFC2544"/> test of Latency is replaced by measurement of a
+ metric derived from IPPM's <xref target="RFC2679"/>, where a set of
+ statistical summaries will be provided (mean, max, min, etc.). Further
+ metrics planned to be benchmarked include packet delay variation as
+ defined by <xref target="RFC5481"/> , reordering, burst behaviour, DUT
+ availability, DUT capacity and packet loss in long term testing at
+ Throughput level, where some low-level of background loss may be present
+ and characterized.</t>
+
+ <t>Tests have been (or will be) designed to collect the metrics
+ below:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput Tests to measure the maximum forwarding rate (in
+ frames per second or fps) and bit rate (in Mbps) for a constant load
+ (as defined by <xref target="RFC1242"/>) without traffic loss.</t>
+
+ <t>Packet and Frame Delay Distribution Tests to measure average, min
+ and max packet and frame delay for constant loads.</t>
+
+ <t>Packet Delay Tests to understand latency distribution for
+ different packet sizes and over an extended test run to uncover
+ outliers.</t>
+
+ <t>Scalability Tests to understand how the virtual switch performs
+ as the number of flows, active ports, complexity of the forwarding
+ logic&rsquo;s configuration&hellip; it has to deal with
+ increases.</t>
+
+ <t>Stream Performance Tests (TCP, UDP) to measure bulk data transfer
+ performance, i.e. how fast systems can send and receive data through
+ the switch.</t>
+
+ <t>Control Path and Datapath Coupling Tests, to understand how
+ closely coupled the datapath and the control path are as well as the
+ effect of this coupling on the performance of the DUT (example:
+ delay of the initial packet of a flow).</t>
+
+ <t>CPU and Memory Consumption Tests to understand the virtual
+ switch&rsquo;s footprint on the system, usually conducted as
+ auxiliary measurements with benchmarks above. They include: CPU
+ utilization, Cache utilization and Memory footprint.</t>
+
+ <t>The so-called "Soak" tests, where the selected test is conducted
+ over a long period of time (with an ideal duration of 24 hours, but
+ only long enough to determine that stability issues exist when
+ found; there is no requirement to continue a test when a DUT
+ exhibits instability over time). The key performance characteristics
+ and benchmarks for a DUT are determined (using short duration tests)
+ prior to conducting soak tests. The purpose of soak tests is to
+ capture transient changes in performance which may occur due to
+ infrequent processes, memory leaks, or the low probability
+ coincidence of two or more processes. The stability of the DUT is
+ the paramount consideration, so performance must be evaluated
+ periodically during continuous testing, and this results in use of
+ <xref target="RFC2889"/> Frame Rate metrics instead of <xref
+ target="RFC2544"/> Throughput (which requires stopping traffic to
+ allow time for all traffic to exit internal queues), for
+ example.</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Future/planned test specs include:<list style="symbols">
+ <t>Request/Response Performance Tests (TCP, UDP) which measure the
+ transaction rate through the switch.</t>
+
+ <t>Noisy Neighbour Tests, to understand the effects of resource
+ sharing on the performance of a virtual switch.</t>
+
+ <t>Tests derived from examination of ETSI NFV Draft GS IFA003
+ requirements <xref target="IFA003"/> on characterization of
+ acceleration technologies applied to vswitches.</t>
+ </list>The flexibility of deployment of a virtual switch within a
+ network means that the BMWG IETF existing literature needs to be used to
+ characterize the performance of a switch in various deployment
+ scenarios. The deployment scenarios under consideration include:</t>
+
+ <t><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to physical
+ port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +--------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | v | | Host
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +---+--------------+------------+--------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF to virtual switch
+ to physical port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | ^ : | |
+ | | | | | Guest
+ | : v | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port 0| | logical port 1| | |
+ +---+---------------+-----------+---------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v __
+ +---+---------------+----------+---------------+---+ |
+ | | logical port 0| | logical port 1| | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ : | |
+ | | | | | Host
+ | : v | |
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +---+--------------+------------+--------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF to virtual switch
+ to VNF to virtual switch to physical port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+ |
+ | Guest 1 | | Guest 2 | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | | | Application | | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | | | ^ | | |
+ | | v | | | v | | Guests
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical ports | | | | logical ports | | |
+ | | 0 1 | | | | 0 1 | | |
+ +---+---------------+--+ +---+---------------+--+__|
+ ^ : ^ :
+ | | | |
+ : v : v _
+ +---+---------------+---------+---------------+--+ |
+ | | 0 1 | | 3 4 | | |
+ | | logical ports | | logical ports | | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | ^ | | | Host
+ | | |-----------------| v | |
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy ports | vSwitch | phy ports | | |
+ +---+--------------+----------+--------------+---+_|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | ^ | |
+ | | | | Guest
+ | : | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port 0| | |
+ +---+---------------+-------------------------------+ __|
+ ^
+ |
+ : __
+ +---+---------------+------------------------------+ |
+ | | logical port 0| | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | |
+ | | | | Host
+ | : | |
+ | +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | |
+ +---+--------------+------------ -------------- ---+ __|
+ ^
+ |
+ :
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>VNF to virtual switch to physical port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | : | |
+ | | | | Guest
+ | v | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port | | |
+ +-------------------------------+---------------+---+ __|
+ :
+ |
+ v __
+ +------------------------------+---------------+---+ |
+ | | logical port | | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | : | |
+ | | | | Host
+ | v | |
+ | +--------------+ | |
+ | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +-------------------------------+--------------+---+ __|
+ :
+ |
+ v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>VNF to virtual switch to VNF</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+ |
+ | Guest 1 | | Guest 2 | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | | | Application | | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | | | ^ | |
+ | v | | | | | Guests
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical ports | | | | logical ports | | |
+ | | 0 | | | | 0 | | |
+ +---+---------------+--+ +---+---------------+--+__|
+ : ^
+ | |
+ v : _
+ +---+---------------+---------+---------------+--+ |
+ | | 1 | | 1 | | |
+ | | logical ports | | logical ports | | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | | ^ | | Host
+ | L-----------------+ | |
+ | | |
+ | vSwitch | |
+ +------------------------------------------------+_|]]></artwork>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t>A set of Deployment Scenario figures is available on the VSPERF Test
+ Methodology Wiki page <xref target="TestTopo"/>.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="3x3 Matrix Coverage">
+ <t>This section organizes the many existing test specifications into the
+ "3x3" matrix (introduced in <xref target="I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net"/>).
+ Because the LTD specification ID names are quite long, this section is
+ organized into lists for each occupied cell of the matrix (not all are
+ occupied, also the matrix has grown to 3x4 to accommodate scale metrics
+ when displaying the coverage of many metrics/benchmarks). The current
+ version of the LTD specification is available <xref target="LTD"/>.</t>
+
+ <t>The tests listed below assess the activation of paths in the data
+ plane, rather than the control plane.</t>
+
+ <t>A complete list of tests with short summaries is available on the
+ VSPERF "LTD Test Spec Overview" Wiki page <xref target="LTDoverV"/>.</t>
+
+ <section title="Speed of Activation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Activation.RFC2889.AddressLearningRate</t>
+
+ <t>PacketLatency.InitialPacketProcessingLatency</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Accuracy of Activation section">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>CPDP.Coupling.Flow.Addition</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Reliability of Activation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.SystemRecoveryTime</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.ResetTime</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Scale of Activation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Activation.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Speed of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRate</t>
+
+ <t>CPU.RFC2544.0PacketLoss</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRateFrameModification</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.BackToBackFrames</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.ForwardPressure</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.BroadcastFrameForwarding</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Accuracy of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.ErrorFramesFiltering</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.Profile</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Reliability of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.Soak</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.SoakFrameModification</t>
+
+ <t>PacketDelayVariation.RFC3393.Soak</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Scalability of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Scalability.RFC2544.0PacketLoss</t>
+
+ <t>MemoryBandwidth.RFC2544.0PacketLoss.Scalability</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Summary">
+ <t><figure>
+ <artwork><![CDATA[|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| | SPEED | ACCURACY | RELIABILITY | SCALE |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| Activation | X | X | X | X |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| Operation | X | X | X | X |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| De-activation | | | | |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|]]></artwork>
+ </figure></t>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Security Considerations">
+ <t>Benchmarking activities as described in this memo are limited to
+ technology characterization of a Device Under Test/System Under Test
+ (DUT/SUT) using controlled stimuli in a laboratory environment, with
+ dedicated address space and the constraints specified in the sections
+ above.</t>
+
+ <t>The benchmarking network topology will be an independent test setup
+ and MUST NOT be connected to devices that may forward the test traffic
+ into a production network, or misroute traffic to the test management
+ network.</t>
+
+ <t>Further, benchmarking is performed on a "black-box" basis, relying
+ solely on measurements observable external to the DUT/SUT.</t>
+
+ <t>Special capabilities SHOULD NOT exist in the DUT/SUT specifically for
+ benchmarking purposes. Any implications for network security arising
+ from the DUT/SUT SHOULD be identical in the lab and in production
+ networks.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section anchor="IANA" title="IANA Considerations">
+ <t>No IANA Action is requested at this time.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Acknowledgements">
+ <t>The authors appreciate and acknowledge comments from Scott Bradner,
+ Marius Georgescu, Ramki Krishnan, Doug Montgomery, Martin Klozik,
+ Christian Trautman, and others for their reviews.</t>
+ </section>
+ </middle>
+
+ <back>
+ <references title="Normative References">
+ <?rfc ?>
+
+ <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2119"?>
+
+ <?rfc ?>
+
+ <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2330"?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2544'?>
+
+ <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2679"?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2680'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3393'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3432'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2681'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5905'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4689'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4737'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5357'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2889'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3918'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6201'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2285'?>
+
+ <reference anchor="NFV.PER001">
+ <front>
+ <title>Network Function Virtualization: Performance and Portability
+ Best Practices</title>
+
+ <author fullname="ETSI NFV" initials="" surname="">
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date month="June" year="2014"/>
+ </front>
+
+ <seriesInfo name="Group Specification"
+ value="ETSI GS NFV-PER 001 V1.1.1 (2014-06)"/>
+
+ <format type="PDF"/>
+ </reference>
+ </references>
+
+ <references title="Informative References">
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.1242'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5481'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6049'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6248'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6390'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.I-D.huang-bmwg-virtual-network-performance'?>
+
+ <reference anchor="TestTopo">
+ <front>
+ <title>Test Topologies
+ https://wiki.opnfv.org/vsperf/test_methodology</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="LTDoverV">
+ <front>
+ <title>LTD Test Spec Overview
+ https://wiki.opnfv.org/wiki/vswitchperf_test_spec_review</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="LTD">
+ <front>
+ <title>LTD Test Specification
+ http://artifacts.opnfv.org/vswitchperf/brahmaputra/docs/requirements/index.html</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="BrahRel">
+ <front>
+ <title>Brahmaputra, Second OPNFV Release
+ https://www.opnfv.org/brahmaputra</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="IFA003">
+ <front>
+ <title>https://docbox.etsi.org/ISG/NFV/Open/Drafts/IFA003_Acceleration_-_vSwitch_Spec/</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+ </references>
+ </back>
+</rfc>
diff --git a/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/draft-vsperf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-00.xml b/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/draft-vsperf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-00.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b5f7f833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/draft-vsperf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-00.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,964 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
+<!DOCTYPE rfc SYSTEM "rfc2629.dtd">
+<?rfc toc="yes"?>
+<?rfc tocompact="yes"?>
+<?rfc tocdepth="3"?>
+<?rfc tocindent="yes"?>
+<?rfc symrefs="yes"?>
+<?rfc sortrefs="yes"?>
+<?rfc comments="yes"?>
+<?rfc inline="yes"?>
+<?rfc compact="yes"?>
+<?rfc subcompact="no"?>
+<rfc category="info" docName="draft-vsperf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-01"
+ ipr="trust200902">
+ <front>
+ <title abbrev="Benchmarking vSwitches">Benchmarking Virtual Switches in
+ OPNFV</title>
+
+ <author fullname="Maryam Tahhan" initials="M." surname="Tahhan">
+ <organization>Intel</organization>
+
+ <address>
+ <postal>
+ <street/>
+
+ <city/>
+
+ <region/>
+
+ <code/>
+
+ <country/>
+ </postal>
+
+ <phone/>
+
+ <facsimile/>
+
+ <email>maryam.tahhan@intel.com</email>
+
+ <uri/>
+ </address>
+ </author>
+
+ <author fullname="Billy O'Mahony" initials="B." surname="O'Mahony">
+ <organization>Intel</organization>
+
+ <address>
+ <postal>
+ <street/>
+
+ <city/>
+
+ <region/>
+
+ <code/>
+
+ <country/>
+ </postal>
+
+ <phone/>
+
+ <facsimile/>
+
+ <email>billy.o.mahony@intel.com</email>
+
+ <uri/>
+ </address>
+ </author>
+
+ <author fullname="Al Morton" initials="A." surname="Morton">
+ <organization>AT&amp;T Labs</organization>
+
+ <address>
+ <postal>
+ <street>200 Laurel Avenue South</street>
+
+ <city>Middletown,</city>
+
+ <region>NJ</region>
+
+ <code>07748</code>
+
+ <country>USA</country>
+ </postal>
+
+ <phone>+1 732 420 1571</phone>
+
+ <facsimile>+1 732 368 1192</facsimile>
+
+ <email>acmorton@att.com</email>
+
+ <uri>http://home.comcast.net/~acmacm/</uri>
+ </address>
+ </author>
+
+ <date day="14" month="October" year="2015"/>
+
+ <abstract>
+ <t>This memo describes the progress of the Open Platform for NFV (OPNFV)
+ project on virtual switch performance "VSWITCHPERF". This project
+ intends to build on the current and completed work of the Benchmarking
+ Methodology Working Group in IETF, by referencing existing literature.
+ The Benchmarking Methodology Working Group has traditionally conducted
+ laboratory characterization of dedicated physical implementations of
+ internetworking functions. Therefore, this memo begins to describe the
+ additional considerations when virtual switches are implemented in
+ general-purpose hardware. The expanded tests and benchmarks are also
+ influenced by the OPNFV mission to support virtualization of the "telco"
+ infrastructure.</t>
+ </abstract>
+
+ <note title="Requirements Language">
+ <t>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+ "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+ document are to be interpreted as described in <xref
+ target="RFC2119">RFC 2119</xref>.</t>
+
+ <t/>
+ </note>
+ </front>
+
+ <middle>
+ <section title="Introduction">
+ <t>Benchmarking Methodology Working Group (BMWG) has traditionally
+ conducted laboratory characterization of dedicated physical
+ implementations of internetworking functions. The Black-box Benchmarks
+ of Throughput, Latency, Forwarding Rates and others have served our
+ industry for many years. Now, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has
+ the goal to transform how internetwork functions are implemented, and
+ therefore has garnered much attention.</t>
+
+ <t>This memo describes the progress of the Open Platform for NFV (OPNFV)
+ project on virtual switch performance characterization, "VSWITCHPERF".
+ This project intends to build on the current and completed work of the
+ Benchmarking Methodology Working Group in IETF, by referencing existing
+ literature. For example, currently the most often referenced RFC is
+ <xref target="RFC2544"/> (which depends on <xref target="RFC1242"/>) and
+ foundation of the benchmarking work in OPNFV is common and strong.</t>
+
+ <t>See
+ https://wiki.opnfv.org/characterize_vswitch_performance_for_telco_nfv_use_cases
+ for more background, and the OPNFV website for general information:
+ https://www.opnfv.org/</t>
+
+ <t>The authors note that OPNFV distinguishes itself from other open
+ source compute and networking projects through its emphasis on existing
+ "telco" services as opposed to cloud-computing. There are many ways in
+ which telco requirements have different emphasis on performance
+ dimensions when compared to cloud computing: support for and transfer of
+ isochronous media streams is one example.</t>
+
+ <t>Note also that the move to NFV Infrastructure has resulted in many
+ new benchmarking initiatives across the industry, and the authors are
+ currently doing their best to maintain alignment with many other
+ projects, and this Internet Draft is evidence of the efforts.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Scope">
+ <t>The primary purpose and scope of the memo is to inform BMWG of
+ work-in-progress that builds on the body of extensive literature and
+ experience. Additionally, once the initial information conveyed here is
+ received, this memo may be expanded to include more detail and
+ commentary from both BMWG and OPNFV communities, under BMWG's chartered
+ work to characterize the NFV Infrastructure (a virtual switch is an
+ important aspect of that infrastructure).</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Benchmarking Considerations">
+ <t>This section highlights some specific considerations (from <xref
+ target="I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net"/>)related to Benchmarks for virtual
+ switches. The OPNFV project is sharing its present view on these areas,
+ as they develop their specifications in the Level Test Design (LTD)
+ document.</t>
+
+ <section title="Comparison with Physical Network Functions">
+ <t>To compare the performance of virtual designs and implementations
+ with their physical counterparts, identical benchmarks are needed.
+ BMWG has developed specifications for many network functions this memo
+ re-uses existing benchmarks through references, and expands them
+ during development of new methods. A key configuration aspect is the
+ number of parallel cores required to achieve comparable performance
+ with a given physical device, or whether some limit of scale was
+ reached before the cores could achieve the comparable level.</t>
+
+ <t>It's unlikely that the virtual switch will be the only application
+ running on the SUT, so CPU utilization, Cache utilization, and Memory
+ footprint should also be recorded for the virtual implementations of
+ internetworking functions.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Continued Emphasis on Black-Box Benchmarks">
+ <t>External observations remain essential as the basis for Benchmarks.
+ Internal observations with fixed specification and interpretation will
+ be provided in parallel to assist the development of operations
+ procedures when the technology is deployed.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="New Configuration Parameters">
+ <t>A key consideration when conducting any sort of benchmark is trying
+ to ensure the consistency and repeatability of test results. When
+ benchmarking the performance of a vSwitch there are many factors that
+ can affect the consistency of results, one key factor is matching the
+ various hardware and software details of the SUT. This section lists
+ some of the many new parameters which this project believes are
+ critical to report in order to achieve repeatability.</t>
+
+ <t>Hardware details including:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Platform details</t>
+
+ <t>Processor details</t>
+
+ <t>Memory information (type and size)</t>
+
+ <t>Number of enabled cores</t>
+
+ <t>Number of cores used for the test</t>
+
+ <t>Number of physical NICs, as well as their details
+ (manufacturer, versions, type and the PCI slot they are plugged
+ into)</t>
+
+ <t>NIC interrupt configuration</t>
+
+ <t>BIOS version, release date and any configurations that were
+ modified</t>
+
+ <t>CPU microcode level</t>
+
+ <t>Memory DIMM configurations (quad rank performance may not be
+ the same as dual rank) in size, freq and slot locations</t>
+
+ <t>PCI configuration parameters (payload size, early ack
+ option...)</t>
+
+ <t>Power management at all levels (ACPI sleep states, processor
+ package, OS...)</t>
+ </list>Software details including:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>OS parameters and behavior (text vs graphical no one typing at
+ the console on one system)</t>
+
+ <t>OS version (for host and VNF)</t>
+
+ <t>Kernel version (for host and VNF)</t>
+
+ <t>GRUB boot parameters (for host and VNF)</t>
+
+ <t>Hypervisor details (Type and version)</t>
+
+ <t>Selected vSwitch, version number or commit id used</t>
+
+ <t>vSwitch launch command line if it has been parameterised</t>
+
+ <t>Memory allocation to the vSwitch</t>
+
+ <t>which NUMA node it is using, and how many memory channels</t>
+
+ <t>DPDK or any other SW dependency version number or commit id
+ used</t>
+
+ <t>Memory allocation to a VM - if it's from Hugpages/elsewhere</t>
+
+ <t>VM storage type: snapshot/independent persistent/independent
+ non-persistent</t>
+
+ <t>Number of VMs</t>
+
+ <t>Number of Virtual NICs (vNICs), versions, type and driver</t>
+
+ <t>Number of virtual CPUs and their core affinity on the host</t>
+
+ <t>Number vNIC interrupt configuration</t>
+
+ <t>Thread affinitization for the applications (including the
+ vSwitch itself) on the host</t>
+
+ <t>Details of Resource isolation, such as CPUs designated for
+ Host/Kernel (isolcpu) and CPUs designated for specific processes
+ (taskset). - Test duration. - Number of flows.</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Test Traffic Information:<list style="symbols">
+ <t>Traffic type - UDP, TCP, IMIX / Other</t>
+
+ <t>Packet Sizes</t>
+
+ <t>Deployment Scenario</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t/>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Flow classification">
+ <t>Virtual switches group packets into flows by processing and
+ matching particular packet or frame header information, or by matching
+ packets based on the input ports. Thus a flow can be thought of a
+ sequence of packets that have the same set of header field values or
+ have arrived on the same port. Performance results can vary based on
+ the parameters the vSwitch uses to match for a flow. The recommended
+ flow classification parameters for any vSwitch performance tests are:
+ the input port, the source IP address, the destination IP address and
+ the Ethernet protocol type field. It is essential to increase the flow
+ timeout time on a vSwitch before conducting any performance tests that
+ do not measure the flow setup time. Normally the first packet of a
+ particular stream will install the flow in the virtual switch which
+ adds an additional latency, subsequent packets of the same flow are
+ not subject to this latency if the flow is already installed on the
+ vSwitch.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Benchmarks using Baselines with Resource Isolation">
+ <t>This outline describes measurement of baseline with isolated
+ resources at a high level, which is the intended approach at this
+ time.</t>
+
+ <t><list style="numbers">
+ <t>Baselines: <list style="symbols">
+ <t>Optional: Benchmark platform forwarding capability without
+ a vswitch or VNF for at least 72 hours (serves as a means of
+ platform validation and a means to obtain the base performance
+ for the platform in terms of its maximum forwarding rate and
+ latency). <figure>
+ <preamble>Benchmark platform forwarding
+ capability</preamble>
+
+ <artwork align="right"><![CDATA[ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | Simple Forwarding App | | Host
+ | | | | |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | NIC | | |
+ +---+------------------------------------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+
+ <postamble/>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t>Benchmark VNF forwarding capability with direct
+ connectivity (vSwitch bypass, e.g., SR/IOV) for at least 72
+ hours (serves as a means of VNF validation and a means to
+ obtain the base performance for the VNF in terms of its
+ maximum forwarding rate and latency). The metrics gathered
+ from this test will serve as a key comparison point for
+ vSwitch bypass technologies performance and vSwitch
+ performance. <figure align="right">
+ <preamble>Benchmark VNF forwarding capability</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | VNF | | |
+ | | | | |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Passthrough/SR-IOV | | Host
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | NIC | | |
+ +---+------------------------------------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+
+ <postamble/>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t>Benchmarking with isolated resources alone, with other
+ resources (both HW&amp;SW) disabled Example, vSw and VM are
+ SUT</t>
+
+ <t>Benchmarking with isolated resources alone, leaving some
+ resources unused</t>
+
+ <t>Benchmark with isolated resources and all resources
+ occupied</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Next Steps<list style="symbols">
+ <t>Limited sharing</t>
+
+ <t>Production scenarios</t>
+
+ <t>Stressful scenarios</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="VSWITCHPERF Specification Summary">
+ <t>The overall specification in preparation is referred to as a Level
+ Test Design (LTD) document, which will contain a suite of performance
+ tests. The base performance tests in the LTD are based on the
+ pre-existing specifications developed by BMWG to test the performance of
+ physical switches. These specifications include:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t><xref target="RFC2544"/> Benchmarking Methodology for Network
+ Interconnect Devices</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC2889"/> Benchmarking Methodology for LAN
+ Switching</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC6201"/> Device Reset Characterization</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC5481"/> Packet Delay Variation Applicability
+ Statement</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Some of the above/newer RFCs are being applied in benchmarking for
+ the first time, and represent a development challenge for test equipment
+ developers. Fortunately, many members of the testing system community
+ have engaged on the VSPERF project, including an open source test
+ system.</t>
+
+ <t>In addition to this, the LTD also re-uses the terminology defined
+ by:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t><xref target="RFC2285"/> Benchmarking Terminology for LAN
+ Switching Devices</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC5481"/> Packet Delay Variation Applicability
+ Statement</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t/>
+
+ <t>Specifications to be included in future updates of the LTD
+ include:<list style="symbols">
+ <t><xref target="RFC3918"/> Methodology for IP Multicast
+ Benchmarking</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC4737"/> Packet Reordering Metrics</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>As one might expect, the most fundamental internetworking
+ characteristics of Throughput and Latency remain important when the
+ switch is virtualized, and these benchmarks figure prominently in the
+ specification.</t>
+
+ <t>When considering characteristics important to "telco" network
+ functions, we must begin to consider additional performance metrics. In
+ this case, the project specifications have referenced metrics from the
+ IETF IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) literature. This means that the <xref
+ target="RFC2544"/> test of Latency is replaced by measurement of a
+ metric derived from IPPM's <xref target="RFC2679"/>, where a set of
+ statistical summaries will be provided (mean, max, min, etc.). Further
+ metrics planned to be benchmarked include packet delay variation as
+ defined by <xref target="RFC5481"/> , reordering, burst behaviour, DUT
+ availability, DUT capacity and packet loss in long term testing at
+ Throughput level, where some low-level of background loss may be present
+ and characterized.</t>
+
+ <t>Tests have been (or will be) designed to collect the metrics
+ below:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput Tests to measure the maximum forwarding rate (in
+ frames per second or fps) and bit rate (in Mbps) for a constant load
+ (as defined by RFC1242) without traffic loss.</t>
+
+ <t>Packet and Frame Delay Distribution Tests to measure average, min
+ and max packet and frame delay for constant loads.</t>
+
+ <t>Packet Delay Tests to understand latency distribution for
+ different packet sizes and over an extended test run to uncover
+ outliers.</t>
+
+ <t>Scalability Tests to understand how the virtual switch performs
+ as the number of flows, active ports, complexity of the forwarding
+ logic&rsquo;s configuration&hellip; it has to deal with
+ increases.</t>
+
+ <t>Stream Performance Tests (TCP, UDP) to measure bulk data transfer
+ performance, i.e. how fast systems can send and receive data through
+ the switch.</t>
+
+ <t>Control Path and Datapath Coupling Tests, to understand how
+ closely coupled the datapath and the control path are as well as the
+ effect of this coupling on the performance of the DUT (example:
+ delay of the initial packet of a flow).</t>
+
+ <t>CPU and Memory Consumption Tests to understand the virtual
+ switch&rsquo;s footprint on the system, usually conducted as
+ auxiliary measurements with benchmarks above. They include: CPU
+ utilization, Cache utilization and Memory footprint.</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Future/planned test specs include:<list style="symbols">
+ <t>Request/Response Performance Tests (TCP, UDP) which measure the
+ transaction rate through the switch.</t>
+
+ <t>Noisy Neighbour Tests, to understand the effects of resource
+ sharing on the performance of a virtual switch.</t>
+
+ <t>Tests derived from examination of ETSI NFV Draft GS IFA003
+ requirements <xref target="IFA003"/> on characterization of
+ acceleration technologies applied to vswitches.</t>
+ </list>The flexibility of deployment of a virtual switch within a
+ network means that the BMWG IETF existing literature needs to be used to
+ characterize the performance of a switch in various deployment
+ scenarios. The deployment scenarios under consideration include:</t>
+
+ <t><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to physical
+ port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +--------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | v | | Host
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +---+--------------+------------+--------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF to virtual switch
+ to physical port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | ^ : | |
+ | | | | | Guest
+ | : v | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port 0| | logical port 1| | |
+ +---+---------------+-----------+---------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v __
+ +---+---------------+----------+---------------+---+ |
+ | | logical port 0| | logical port 1| | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ : | |
+ | | | | | Host
+ | : v | |
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +---+--------------+------------+--------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF to virtual switch
+ to VNF to virtual switch to physical port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+ |
+ | Guest 1 | | Guest 2 | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | | | Application | | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | | | ^ | | |
+ | | v | | | v | | Guests
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical ports | | | | logical ports | | |
+ | | 0 1 | | | | 0 1 | | |
+ +---+---------------+--+ +---+---------------+--+__|
+ ^ : ^ :
+ | | | |
+ : v : v _
+ +---+---------------+---------+---------------+--+ |
+ | | 0 1 | | 3 4 | | |
+ | | logical ports | | logical ports | | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | ^ | | | Host
+ | | |-----------------| v | |
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy ports | vSwitch | phy ports | | |
+ +---+--------------+----------+--------------+---+_|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | ^ | |
+ | | | | Guest
+ | : | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port 0| | |
+ +---+---------------+-------------------------------+ __|
+ ^
+ |
+ : __
+ +---+---------------+------------------------------+ |
+ | | logical port 0| | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | |
+ | | | | Host
+ | : | |
+ | +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | |
+ +---+--------------+------------ -------------- ---+ __|
+ ^
+ |
+ :
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>VNF to virtual switch to physical port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | : | |
+ | | | | Guest
+ | v | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port | | |
+ +-------------------------------+---------------+---+ __|
+ :
+ |
+ v __
+ +------------------------------+---------------+---+ |
+ | | logical port | | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | : | |
+ | | | | Host
+ | v | |
+ | +--------------+ | |
+ | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +-------------------------------+--------------+---+ __|
+ :
+ |
+ v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>VNF to virtual switch to VNF</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+ |
+ | Guest 1 | | Guest 2 | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | | | Application | | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | | | ^ | |
+ | v | | | | | Guests
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical ports | | | | logical ports | | |
+ | | 0 | | | | 0 | | |
+ +---+---------------+--+ +---+---------------+--+__|
+ : ^
+ | |
+ v : _
+ +---+---------------+---------+---------------+--+ |
+ | | 1 | | 1 | | |
+ | | logical ports | | logical ports | | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | | ^ | | Host
+ | L-----------------+ | |
+ | | |
+ | vSwitch | |
+ +------------------------------------------------+_|]]></artwork>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t>A set of Deployment Scenario figures is available on the VSPERF Test
+ Methodology Wiki page <xref target="TestTopo"/>. </t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="3x3 Matrix Coverage">
+ <t>This section organizes the many existing test specifications into the
+ "3x3" matrix (introduced in <xref target="I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net"/>).
+ Because the LTD specification ID names are quite long, this section is
+ organized into lists for each occupied cell of the matrix (not all are
+ occupied, also the matrix has grown to 3x4 to accommodate scale metrics
+ when displaying the coverage of many metrics/benchmarks).</t>
+
+ <t>The tests listed below assess the activation of paths in the data
+ plane, rather than the control plane.</t>
+
+ <t>A complete list of tests with short summaries is available on the
+ VSPERF "LTD Test Spec Overview" Wiki page <xref target="LTDoverV"/>.</t>
+
+ <section title="Speed of Activation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Activation.RFC2889.AddressLearningRate</t>
+
+ <t>PacketLatency.InitialPacketProcessingLatency</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Accuracy of Activation section">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>CPDP.Coupling.Flow.Addition</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Reliability of Activation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.SystemRecoveryTime</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.ResetTime</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Scale of Activation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Activation.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Speed of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRate</t>
+
+ <t>CPU.RFC2544.0PacketLoss</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRateFrameModification</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.BackToBackFrames</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.ForwardPressure</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.BroadcastFrameForwarding</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Accuracy of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.ErrorFramesFiltering</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.Profile</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Reliability of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.Soak</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.SoakFrameModification</t>
+
+ <t>PacketDelayVariation.RFC3393.Soak</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Scalability of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Scalability.RFC2544.0PacketLoss</t>
+
+ <t>MemoryBandwidth.RFC2544.0PacketLoss.Scalability</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Summary">
+ <t><figure>
+ <artwork><![CDATA[|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| | SPEED | ACCURACY | RELIABILITY | SCALE |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| Activation | X | X | X | X |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| Operation | X | X | X | X |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| De-activation | | | | |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|]]></artwork>
+ </figure></t>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Security Considerations">
+ <t>Benchmarking activities as described in this memo are limited to
+ technology characterization of a Device Under Test/System Under Test
+ (DUT/SUT) using controlled stimuli in a laboratory environment, with
+ dedicated address space and the constraints specified in the sections
+ above.</t>
+
+ <t>The benchmarking network topology will be an independent test setup
+ and MUST NOT be connected to devices that may forward the test traffic
+ into a production network, or misroute traffic to the test management
+ network.</t>
+
+ <t>Further, benchmarking is performed on a "black-box" basis, relying
+ solely on measurements observable external to the DUT/SUT.</t>
+
+ <t>Special capabilities SHOULD NOT exist in the DUT/SUT specifically for
+ benchmarking purposes. Any implications for network security arising
+ from the DUT/SUT SHOULD be identical in the lab and in production
+ networks.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section anchor="IANA" title="IANA Considerations">
+ <t>No IANA Action is requested at this time.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Acknowledgements">
+ <t>The authors acknowledge</t>
+ </section>
+ </middle>
+
+ <back>
+ <references title="Normative References">
+ <?rfc ?>
+
+ <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2119"?>
+
+ <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2330"?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2544'?>
+
+ <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2679"?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2680'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3393'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3432'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2681'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5905'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4689'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4737'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5357'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2889'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3918'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6201'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2285'?>
+
+ <reference anchor="NFV.PER001">
+ <front>
+ <title>Network Function Virtualization: Performance and Portability
+ Best Practices</title>
+
+ <author fullname="ETSI NFV" initials="" surname="">
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date month="June" year="2014"/>
+ </front>
+
+ <seriesInfo name="Group Specification"
+ value="ETSI GS NFV-PER 001 V1.1.1 (2014-06)"/>
+
+ <format type="PDF"/>
+ </reference>
+ </references>
+
+ <references title="Informative References">
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.1242'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5481'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6049'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6248'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6390'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net'?>
+
+ <reference anchor="TestTopo">
+ <front>
+ <title>Test Topologies
+ https://wiki.opnfv.org/vsperf/test_methodology</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="LTDoverV">
+ <front>
+ <title>LTD Test Spec Overview
+ https://wiki.opnfv.org/wiki/vswitchperf_test_spec_review </title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="IFA003">
+ <front>
+ <title>https://docbox.etsi.org/ISG/NFV/Open/Drafts/IFA003_Acceleration_-_vSwitch_Spec/</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+ </references>
+ </back>
+</rfc>
diff --git a/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/draft-vsperf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-01.xml b/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/draft-vsperf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-01.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a9405a77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/draft-vsperf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-01.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1016 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
+<!DOCTYPE rfc SYSTEM "rfc2629.dtd">
+<?rfc toc="yes"?>
+<?rfc tocompact="yes"?>
+<?rfc tocdepth="3"?>
+<?rfc tocindent="yes"?>
+<?rfc symrefs="yes"?>
+<?rfc sortrefs="yes"?>
+<?rfc comments="yes"?>
+<?rfc inline="yes"?>
+<?rfc compact="yes"?>
+<?rfc subcompact="no"?>
+<rfc category="info" docName="draft-vsperf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-02"
+ ipr="trust200902">
+ <front>
+ <title abbrev="Benchmarking vSwitches">Benchmarking Virtual Switches in
+ OPNFV</title>
+
+ <author fullname="Maryam Tahhan" initials="M." surname="Tahhan">
+ <organization>Intel</organization>
+
+ <address>
+ <postal>
+ <street/>
+
+ <city/>
+
+ <region/>
+
+ <code/>
+
+ <country/>
+ </postal>
+
+ <phone/>
+
+ <facsimile/>
+
+ <email>maryam.tahhan@intel.com</email>
+
+ <uri/>
+ </address>
+ </author>
+
+ <author fullname="Billy O'Mahony" initials="B." surname="O'Mahony">
+ <organization>Intel</organization>
+
+ <address>
+ <postal>
+ <street/>
+
+ <city/>
+
+ <region/>
+
+ <code/>
+
+ <country/>
+ </postal>
+
+ <phone/>
+
+ <facsimile/>
+
+ <email>billy.o.mahony@intel.com</email>
+
+ <uri/>
+ </address>
+ </author>
+
+ <author fullname="Al Morton" initials="A." surname="Morton">
+ <organization>AT&amp;T Labs</organization>
+
+ <address>
+ <postal>
+ <street>200 Laurel Avenue South</street>
+
+ <city>Middletown,</city>
+
+ <region>NJ</region>
+
+ <code>07748</code>
+
+ <country>USA</country>
+ </postal>
+
+ <phone>+1 732 420 1571</phone>
+
+ <facsimile>+1 732 368 1192</facsimile>
+
+ <email>acmorton@att.com</email>
+
+ <uri>http://home.comcast.net/~acmacm/</uri>
+ </address>
+ </author>
+
+ <date day="20" month="March" year="2016"/>
+
+ <abstract>
+ <t>This memo describes the progress of the Open Platform for NFV (OPNFV)
+ project on virtual switch performance "VSWITCHPERF". This project
+ intends to build on the current and completed work of the Benchmarking
+ Methodology Working Group in IETF, by referencing existing literature.
+ The Benchmarking Methodology Working Group has traditionally conducted
+ laboratory characterization of dedicated physical implementations of
+ internetworking functions. Therefore, this memo begins to describe the
+ additional considerations when virtual switches are implemented in
+ general-purpose hardware. The expanded tests and benchmarks are also
+ influenced by the OPNFV mission to support virtualization of the "telco"
+ infrastructure.</t>
+ </abstract>
+
+ <note title="Requirements Language">
+ <t>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+ "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+ document are to be interpreted as described in <xref
+ target="RFC2119">RFC 2119</xref>.</t>
+
+ <t/>
+ </note>
+ </front>
+
+ <middle>
+ <section title="Introduction">
+ <t>Benchmarking Methodology Working Group (BMWG) has traditionally
+ conducted laboratory characterization of dedicated physical
+ implementations of internetworking functions. The Black-box Benchmarks
+ of Throughput, Latency, Forwarding Rates and others have served our
+ industry for many years. Now, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has
+ the goal to transform how internetwork functions are implemented, and
+ therefore has garnered much attention.</t>
+
+ <t>This memo summarizes the progress of the Open Platform for NFV
+ (OPNFV) project on virtual switch performance characterization,
+ "VSWITCHPERF", through the Brahmaputra (second) release <xref
+ target="BrahRel"/>. This project intends to build on the current and
+ completed work of the Benchmarking Methodology Working Group in IETF, by
+ referencing existing literature. For example, currently the most often
+ referenced RFC is <xref target="RFC2544"/> (which depends on <xref
+ target="RFC1242"/>) and foundation of the benchmarking work in OPNFV is
+ common and strong.</t>
+
+ <t>See
+ https://wiki.opnfv.org/characterize_vswitch_performance_for_telco_nfv_use_cases
+ for more background, and the OPNFV website for general information:
+ https://www.opnfv.org/</t>
+
+ <t>The authors note that OPNFV distinguishes itself from other open
+ source compute and networking projects through its emphasis on existing
+ "telco" services as opposed to cloud-computing. There are many ways in
+ which telco requirements have different emphasis on performance
+ dimensions when compared to cloud computing: support for and transfer of
+ isochronous media streams is one example.</t>
+
+ <t>Note also that the move to NFV Infrastructure has resulted in many
+ new benchmarking initiatives across the industry. The authors are
+ currently doing their best to maintain alignment with many other
+ projects, and this Internet Draft is one part of the efforts. We
+ acknowledge the early work in <xref
+ target="I-D.huang-bmwg-virtual-network-performance"/>, and useful
+ discussion with the authors.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Scope">
+ <t>The primary purpose and scope of the memo is to inform the industry
+ of work-in-progress that builds on the body of extensive BMWG literature
+ and experience, and describe the extensions needed for benchmarking
+ virtual switches. Inital feedback indicates that many of these
+ extensions may be applicable beyond the current scope (to hardware
+ switches in the NFV Infrastructure and to virtual routers, for example).
+ Additionally, this memo serves as a vehicle to include more detail and
+ commentary from BMWG and other Open Source communities, under BMWG's
+ chartered work to characterize the NFV Infrastructure (a virtual switch
+ is an important aspect of that infrastructure).</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Benchmarking Considerations">
+ <t>This section highlights some specific considerations (from <xref
+ target="I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net"/>)related to Benchmarks for virtual
+ switches. The OPNFV project is sharing its present view on these areas,
+ as they develop their specifications in the Level Test Design (LTD)
+ document.</t>
+
+ <section title="Comparison with Physical Network Functions">
+ <t>To compare the performance of virtual designs and implementations
+ with their physical counterparts, identical benchmarks are needed.
+ BMWG has developed specifications for many network functions this memo
+ re-uses existing benchmarks through references, and expands them
+ during development of new methods. A key configuration aspect is the
+ number of parallel cores required to achieve comparable performance
+ with a given physical device, or whether some limit of scale was
+ reached before the cores could achieve the comparable level.</t>
+
+ <t>It's unlikely that the virtual switch will be the only application
+ running on the SUT, so CPU utilization, Cache utilization, and Memory
+ footprint should also be recorded for the virtual implementations of
+ internetworking functions.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Continued Emphasis on Black-Box Benchmarks">
+ <t>External observations remain essential as the basis for Benchmarks.
+ Internal observations with fixed specification and interpretation will
+ be provided in parallel to assist the development of operations
+ procedures when the technology is deployed.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="New Configuration Parameters">
+ <t>A key consideration when conducting any sort of benchmark is trying
+ to ensure the consistency and repeatability of test results. When
+ benchmarking the performance of a vSwitch there are many factors that
+ can affect the consistency of results, one key factor is matching the
+ various hardware and software details of the SUT. This section lists
+ some of the many new parameters which this project believes are
+ critical to report in order to achieve repeatability.</t>
+
+ <t>Hardware details including:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Platform details</t>
+
+ <t>Processor details</t>
+
+ <t>Memory information (type and size)</t>
+
+ <t>Number of enabled cores</t>
+
+ <t>Number of cores used for the test</t>
+
+ <t>Number of physical NICs, as well as their details
+ (manufacturer, versions, type and the PCI slot they are plugged
+ into)</t>
+
+ <t>NIC interrupt configuration</t>
+
+ <t>BIOS version, release date and any configurations that were
+ modified</t>
+
+ <t>CPU microcode level</t>
+
+ <t>Memory DIMM configurations (quad rank performance may not be
+ the same as dual rank) in size, freq and slot locations</t>
+
+ <t>PCI configuration parameters (payload size, early ack
+ option...)</t>
+
+ <t>Power management at all levels (ACPI sleep states, processor
+ package, OS...)</t>
+ </list>Software details including:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>OS parameters and behavior (text vs graphical no one typing at
+ the console on one system)</t>
+
+ <t>OS version (for host and VNF)</t>
+
+ <t>Kernel version (for host and VNF)</t>
+
+ <t>GRUB boot parameters (for host and VNF)</t>
+
+ <t>Hypervisor details (Type and version)</t>
+
+ <t>Selected vSwitch, version number or commit id used</t>
+
+ <t>vSwitch launch command line if it has been parameterised</t>
+
+ <t>Memory allocation to the vSwitch</t>
+
+ <t>which NUMA node it is using, and how many memory channels</t>
+
+ <t>DPDK or any other SW dependency version number or commit id
+ used</t>
+
+ <t>Memory allocation to a VM - if it's from Hugpages/elsewhere</t>
+
+ <t>VM storage type: snapshot/independent persistent/independent
+ non-persistent</t>
+
+ <t>Number of VMs</t>
+
+ <t>Number of Virtual NICs (vNICs), versions, type and driver</t>
+
+ <t>Number of virtual CPUs and their core affinity on the host</t>
+
+ <t>Number vNIC interrupt configuration</t>
+
+ <t>Thread affinitization for the applications (including the
+ vSwitch itself) on the host</t>
+
+ <t>Details of Resource isolation, such as CPUs designated for
+ Host/Kernel (isolcpu) and CPUs designated for specific processes
+ (taskset). - Test duration. - Number of flows.</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Test Traffic Information:<list style="symbols">
+ <t>Traffic type - UDP, TCP, IMIX / Other</t>
+
+ <t>Packet Sizes</t>
+
+ <t>Deployment Scenario</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t/>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Flow classification">
+ <t>Virtual switches group packets into flows by processing and
+ matching particular packet or frame header information, or by matching
+ packets based on the input ports. Thus a flow can be thought of a
+ sequence of packets that have the same set of header field values or
+ have arrived on the same port. Performance results can vary based on
+ the parameters the vSwitch uses to match for a flow. The recommended
+ flow classification parameters for any vSwitch performance tests are:
+ the input port, the source IP address, the destination IP address and
+ the Ethernet protocol type field. It is essential to increase the flow
+ timeout time on a vSwitch before conducting any performance tests that
+ do not measure the flow setup time. Normally the first packet of a
+ particular stream will install the flow in the virtual switch which
+ adds an additional latency, subsequent packets of the same flow are
+ not subject to this latency if the flow is already installed on the
+ vSwitch.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Benchmarks using Baselines with Resource Isolation">
+ <t>This outline describes measurement of baseline with isolated
+ resources at a high level, which is the intended approach at this
+ time.</t>
+
+ <t><list style="numbers">
+ <t>Baselines: <list style="symbols">
+ <t>Optional: Benchmark platform forwarding capability without
+ a vswitch or VNF for at least 72 hours (serves as a means of
+ platform validation and a means to obtain the base performance
+ for the platform in terms of its maximum forwarding rate and
+ latency). <figure>
+ <preamble>Benchmark platform forwarding
+ capability</preamble>
+
+ <artwork align="right"><![CDATA[ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | Simple Forwarding App | | Host
+ | | | | |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | NIC | | |
+ +---+------------------------------------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+
+ <postamble/>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t>Benchmark VNF forwarding capability with direct
+ connectivity (vSwitch bypass, e.g., SR/IOV) for at least 72
+ hours (serves as a means of VNF validation and a means to
+ obtain the base performance for the VNF in terms of its
+ maximum forwarding rate and latency). The metrics gathered
+ from this test will serve as a key comparison point for
+ vSwitch bypass technologies performance and vSwitch
+ performance. <figure align="right">
+ <preamble>Benchmark VNF forwarding capability</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | VNF | | |
+ | | | | |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Passthrough/SR-IOV | | Host
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | NIC | | |
+ +---+------------------------------------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+
+ <postamble/>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t>Benchmarking with isolated resources alone, with other
+ resources (both HW&amp;SW) disabled Example, vSw and VM are
+ SUT</t>
+
+ <t>Benchmarking with isolated resources alone, leaving some
+ resources unused</t>
+
+ <t>Benchmark with isolated resources and all resources
+ occupied</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Next Steps<list style="symbols">
+ <t>Limited sharing</t>
+
+ <t>Production scenarios</t>
+
+ <t>Stressful scenarios</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="VSWITCHPERF Specification Summary">
+ <t>The overall specification in preparation is referred to as a Level
+ Test Design (LTD) document, which will contain a suite of performance
+ tests. The base performance tests in the LTD are based on the
+ pre-existing specifications developed by BMWG to test the performance of
+ physical switches. These specifications include:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t><xref target="RFC2544"/> Benchmarking Methodology for Network
+ Interconnect Devices</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC2889"/> Benchmarking Methodology for LAN
+ Switching</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC6201"/> Device Reset Characterization</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC5481"/> Packet Delay Variation Applicability
+ Statement</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Some of the above/newer RFCs are being applied in benchmarking for
+ the first time, and represent a development challenge for test equipment
+ developers. Fortunately, many members of the testing system community
+ have engaged on the VSPERF project, including an open source test
+ system.</t>
+
+ <t>In addition to this, the LTD also re-uses the terminology defined
+ by:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t><xref target="RFC2285"/> Benchmarking Terminology for LAN
+ Switching Devices</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC5481"/> Packet Delay Variation Applicability
+ Statement</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t/>
+
+ <t>Specifications to be included in future updates of the LTD
+ include:<list style="symbols">
+ <t><xref target="RFC3918"/> Methodology for IP Multicast
+ Benchmarking</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC4737"/> Packet Reordering Metrics</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>As one might expect, the most fundamental internetworking
+ characteristics of Throughput and Latency remain important when the
+ switch is virtualized, and these benchmarks figure prominently in the
+ specification.</t>
+
+ <t>When considering characteristics important to "telco" network
+ functions, we must begin to consider additional performance metrics. In
+ this case, the project specifications have referenced metrics from the
+ IETF IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) literature. This means that the <xref
+ target="RFC2544"/> test of Latency is replaced by measurement of a
+ metric derived from IPPM's <xref target="RFC2679"/>, where a set of
+ statistical summaries will be provided (mean, max, min, etc.). Further
+ metrics planned to be benchmarked include packet delay variation as
+ defined by <xref target="RFC5481"/> , reordering, burst behaviour, DUT
+ availability, DUT capacity and packet loss in long term testing at
+ Throughput level, where some low-level of background loss may be present
+ and characterized.</t>
+
+ <t>Tests have been (or will be) designed to collect the metrics
+ below:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput Tests to measure the maximum forwarding rate (in
+ frames per second or fps) and bit rate (in Mbps) for a constant load
+ (as defined by <xref target="RFC1242"/>) without traffic loss.</t>
+
+ <t>Packet and Frame Delay Distribution Tests to measure average, min
+ and max packet and frame delay for constant loads.</t>
+
+ <t>Packet Delay Tests to understand latency distribution for
+ different packet sizes and over an extended test run to uncover
+ outliers.</t>
+
+ <t>Scalability Tests to understand how the virtual switch performs
+ as the number of flows, active ports, complexity of the forwarding
+ logic&rsquo;s configuration&hellip; it has to deal with
+ increases.</t>
+
+ <t>Stream Performance Tests (TCP, UDP) to measure bulk data transfer
+ performance, i.e. how fast systems can send and receive data through
+ the switch.</t>
+
+ <t>Control Path and Datapath Coupling Tests, to understand how
+ closely coupled the datapath and the control path are as well as the
+ effect of this coupling on the performance of the DUT (example:
+ delay of the initial packet of a flow).</t>
+
+ <t>CPU and Memory Consumption Tests to understand the virtual
+ switch&rsquo;s footprint on the system, usually conducted as
+ auxiliary measurements with benchmarks above. They include: CPU
+ utilization, Cache utilization and Memory footprint.</t>
+
+ <t>The so-called "Soak" tests, where the selected test is conducted
+ over a long period of time (with an ideal duration of 24 hours, and
+ at least 6 hours). The purpose of soak tests is to capture transient
+ changes in performance which may occur due to infrequent processes
+ or the low probability coincidence of two or more processes. The
+ performance must be evaluated periodically during continuous
+ testing, and this results in use of <xref target="RFC2889"/> Frame
+ Rate metrics instead of <xref target="RFC2544"/> Throughput (which
+ requires stopping traffic to allow time for all traffic to exit
+ internal queues).</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Future/planned test specs include:<list style="symbols">
+ <t>Request/Response Performance Tests (TCP, UDP) which measure the
+ transaction rate through the switch.</t>
+
+ <t>Noisy Neighbour Tests, to understand the effects of resource
+ sharing on the performance of a virtual switch.</t>
+
+ <t>Tests derived from examination of ETSI NFV Draft GS IFA003
+ requirements <xref target="IFA003"/> on characterization of
+ acceleration technologies applied to vswitches.</t>
+ </list>The flexibility of deployment of a virtual switch within a
+ network means that the BMWG IETF existing literature needs to be used to
+ characterize the performance of a switch in various deployment
+ scenarios. The deployment scenarios under consideration include:</t>
+
+ <t><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to physical
+ port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +--------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | v | | Host
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +---+--------------+------------+--------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF to virtual switch
+ to physical port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | ^ : | |
+ | | | | | Guest
+ | : v | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port 0| | logical port 1| | |
+ +---+---------------+-----------+---------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v __
+ +---+---------------+----------+---------------+---+ |
+ | | logical port 0| | logical port 1| | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ : | |
+ | | | | | Host
+ | : v | |
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +---+--------------+------------+--------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF to virtual switch
+ to VNF to virtual switch to physical port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+ |
+ | Guest 1 | | Guest 2 | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | | | Application | | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | | | ^ | | |
+ | | v | | | v | | Guests
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical ports | | | | logical ports | | |
+ | | 0 1 | | | | 0 1 | | |
+ +---+---------------+--+ +---+---------------+--+__|
+ ^ : ^ :
+ | | | |
+ : v : v _
+ +---+---------------+---------+---------------+--+ |
+ | | 0 1 | | 3 4 | | |
+ | | logical ports | | logical ports | | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | ^ | | | Host
+ | | |-----------------| v | |
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy ports | vSwitch | phy ports | | |
+ +---+--------------+----------+--------------+---+_|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | ^ | |
+ | | | | Guest
+ | : | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port 0| | |
+ +---+---------------+-------------------------------+ __|
+ ^
+ |
+ : __
+ +---+---------------+------------------------------+ |
+ | | logical port 0| | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | |
+ | | | | Host
+ | : | |
+ | +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | |
+ +---+--------------+------------ -------------- ---+ __|
+ ^
+ |
+ :
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>VNF to virtual switch to physical port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | : | |
+ | | | | Guest
+ | v | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port | | |
+ +-------------------------------+---------------+---+ __|
+ :
+ |
+ v __
+ +------------------------------+---------------+---+ |
+ | | logical port | | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | : | |
+ | | | | Host
+ | v | |
+ | +--------------+ | |
+ | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +-------------------------------+--------------+---+ __|
+ :
+ |
+ v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>VNF to virtual switch to VNF</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+ |
+ | Guest 1 | | Guest 2 | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | | | Application | | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | | | ^ | |
+ | v | | | | | Guests
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical ports | | | | logical ports | | |
+ | | 0 | | | | 0 | | |
+ +---+---------------+--+ +---+---------------+--+__|
+ : ^
+ | |
+ v : _
+ +---+---------------+---------+---------------+--+ |
+ | | 1 | | 1 | | |
+ | | logical ports | | logical ports | | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | | ^ | | Host
+ | L-----------------+ | |
+ | | |
+ | vSwitch | |
+ +------------------------------------------------+_|]]></artwork>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t>A set of Deployment Scenario figures is available on the VSPERF Test
+ Methodology Wiki page <xref target="TestTopo"/>.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="3x3 Matrix Coverage">
+ <t>This section organizes the many existing test specifications into the
+ "3x3" matrix (introduced in <xref target="I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net"/>).
+ Because the LTD specification ID names are quite long, this section is
+ organized into lists for each occupied cell of the matrix (not all are
+ occupied, also the matrix has grown to 3x4 to accommodate scale metrics
+ when displaying the coverage of many metrics/benchmarks). The current
+ version of the LTD specification is available <xref target="LTD"/>.</t>
+
+ <t>The tests listed below assess the activation of paths in the data
+ plane, rather than the control plane.</t>
+
+ <t>A complete list of tests with short summaries is available on the
+ VSPERF "LTD Test Spec Overview" Wiki page <xref target="LTDoverV"/>.</t>
+
+ <section title="Speed of Activation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Activation.RFC2889.AddressLearningRate</t>
+
+ <t>PacketLatency.InitialPacketProcessingLatency</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Accuracy of Activation section">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>CPDP.Coupling.Flow.Addition</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Reliability of Activation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.SystemRecoveryTime</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.ResetTime</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Scale of Activation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Activation.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Speed of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRate</t>
+
+ <t>CPU.RFC2544.0PacketLoss</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRateFrameModification</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.BackToBackFrames</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.ForwardPressure</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.BroadcastFrameForwarding</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Accuracy of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.ErrorFramesFiltering</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.Profile</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Reliability of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.Soak</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.SoakFrameModification</t>
+
+ <t>PacketDelayVariation.RFC3393.Soak</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Scalability of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Scalability.RFC2544.0PacketLoss</t>
+
+ <t>MemoryBandwidth.RFC2544.0PacketLoss.Scalability</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Summary">
+ <t><figure>
+ <artwork><![CDATA[|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| | SPEED | ACCURACY | RELIABILITY | SCALE |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| Activation | X | X | X | X |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| Operation | X | X | X | X |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| De-activation | | | | |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|]]></artwork>
+ </figure></t>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Security Considerations">
+ <t>Benchmarking activities as described in this memo are limited to
+ technology characterization of a Device Under Test/System Under Test
+ (DUT/SUT) using controlled stimuli in a laboratory environment, with
+ dedicated address space and the constraints specified in the sections
+ above.</t>
+
+ <t>The benchmarking network topology will be an independent test setup
+ and MUST NOT be connected to devices that may forward the test traffic
+ into a production network, or misroute traffic to the test management
+ network.</t>
+
+ <t>Further, benchmarking is performed on a "black-box" basis, relying
+ solely on measurements observable external to the DUT/SUT.</t>
+
+ <t>Special capabilities SHOULD NOT exist in the DUT/SUT specifically for
+ benchmarking purposes. Any implications for network security arising
+ from the DUT/SUT SHOULD be identical in the lab and in production
+ networks.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section anchor="IANA" title="IANA Considerations">
+ <t>No IANA Action is requested at this time.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Acknowledgements">
+ <t>The authors appreciate and acknowledge comments from Scott Bradner,
+ Marius Georgescu, Ramki Krishnan, and Doug Montgomery, and others for
+ their reviews.</t>
+ </section>
+ </middle>
+
+ <back>
+ <references title="Normative References">
+ <?rfc ?>
+
+ <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2119"?>
+
+ <?rfc ?>
+
+ <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2330"?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2544'?>
+
+ <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2679"?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2680'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3393'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3432'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2681'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5905'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4689'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4737'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5357'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2889'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3918'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6201'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2285'?>
+
+ <reference anchor="NFV.PER001">
+ <front>
+ <title>Network Function Virtualization: Performance and Portability
+ Best Practices</title>
+
+ <author fullname="ETSI NFV" initials="" surname="">
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date month="June" year="2014"/>
+ </front>
+
+ <seriesInfo name="Group Specification"
+ value="ETSI GS NFV-PER 001 V1.1.1 (2014-06)"/>
+
+ <format type="PDF"/>
+ </reference>
+ </references>
+
+ <references title="Informative References">
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.1242'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5481'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6049'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6248'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6390'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.I-D.huang-bmwg-virtual-network-performance'?>
+
+ <reference anchor="TestTopo">
+ <front>
+ <title>Test Topologies
+ https://wiki.opnfv.org/vsperf/test_methodology</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="LTDoverV">
+ <front>
+ <title>LTD Test Spec Overview
+ https://wiki.opnfv.org/wiki/vswitchperf_test_spec_review</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="LTD">
+ <front>
+ <title>LTD Test Specification
+ http://artifacts.opnfv.org/vswitchperf/docs/requirements/index.html</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="BrahRel">
+ <front>
+ <title>Brahmaputra, Second OPNFV Release
+ https://www.opnfv.org/brahmaputra</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="IFA003">
+ <front>
+ <title>https://docbox.etsi.org/ISG/NFV/Open/Drafts/IFA003_Acceleration_-_vSwitch_Spec/</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+ </references>
+ </back>
+</rfc>
diff --git a/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/draft-vsperf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-02.xml b/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/draft-vsperf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-02.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9157763e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/requirements/ietf_draft/draft-vsperf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-02.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1016 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
+<!DOCTYPE rfc SYSTEM "rfc2629.dtd">
+<?rfc toc="yes"?>
+<?rfc tocompact="yes"?>
+<?rfc tocdepth="3"?>
+<?rfc tocindent="yes"?>
+<?rfc symrefs="yes"?>
+<?rfc sortrefs="yes"?>
+<?rfc comments="yes"?>
+<?rfc inline="yes"?>
+<?rfc compact="yes"?>
+<?rfc subcompact="no"?>
+<rfc category="info" docName="draft-vsperf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-02"
+ ipr="trust200902">
+ <front>
+ <title abbrev="Benchmarking vSwitches">Benchmarking Virtual Switches in
+ OPNFV</title>
+
+ <author fullname="Maryam Tahhan" initials="M." surname="Tahhan">
+ <organization>Intel</organization>
+
+ <address>
+ <postal>
+ <street/>
+
+ <city/>
+
+ <region/>
+
+ <code/>
+
+ <country/>
+ </postal>
+
+ <phone/>
+
+ <facsimile/>
+
+ <email>maryam.tahhan@intel.com</email>
+
+ <uri/>
+ </address>
+ </author>
+
+ <author fullname="Billy O'Mahony" initials="B." surname="O'Mahony">
+ <organization>Intel</organization>
+
+ <address>
+ <postal>
+ <street/>
+
+ <city/>
+
+ <region/>
+
+ <code/>
+
+ <country/>
+ </postal>
+
+ <phone/>
+
+ <facsimile/>
+
+ <email>billy.o.mahony@intel.com</email>
+
+ <uri/>
+ </address>
+ </author>
+
+ <author fullname="Al Morton" initials="A." surname="Morton">
+ <organization>AT&amp;T Labs</organization>
+
+ <address>
+ <postal>
+ <street>200 Laurel Avenue South</street>
+
+ <city>Middletown,</city>
+
+ <region>NJ</region>
+
+ <code>07748</code>
+
+ <country>USA</country>
+ </postal>
+
+ <phone>+1 732 420 1571</phone>
+
+ <facsimile>+1 732 368 1192</facsimile>
+
+ <email>acmorton@att.com</email>
+
+ <uri>http://home.comcast.net/~acmacm/</uri>
+ </address>
+ </author>
+
+ <date day="21" month="March" year="2016"/>
+
+ <abstract>
+ <t>This memo describes the progress of the Open Platform for NFV (OPNFV)
+ project on virtual switch performance "VSWITCHPERF". This project
+ intends to build on the current and completed work of the Benchmarking
+ Methodology Working Group in IETF, by referencing existing literature.
+ The Benchmarking Methodology Working Group has traditionally conducted
+ laboratory characterization of dedicated physical implementations of
+ internetworking functions. Therefore, this memo begins to describe the
+ additional considerations when virtual switches are implemented in
+ general-purpose hardware. The expanded tests and benchmarks are also
+ influenced by the OPNFV mission to support virtualization of the "telco"
+ infrastructure.</t>
+ </abstract>
+
+ <note title="Requirements Language">
+ <t>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+ "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+ document are to be interpreted as described in <xref
+ target="RFC2119">RFC 2119</xref>.</t>
+
+ <t/>
+ </note>
+ </front>
+
+ <middle>
+ <section title="Introduction">
+ <t>Benchmarking Methodology Working Group (BMWG) has traditionally
+ conducted laboratory characterization of dedicated physical
+ implementations of internetworking functions. The Black-box Benchmarks
+ of Throughput, Latency, Forwarding Rates and others have served our
+ industry for many years. Now, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has
+ the goal to transform how internetwork functions are implemented, and
+ therefore has garnered much attention.</t>
+
+ <t>This memo summarizes the progress of the Open Platform for NFV
+ (OPNFV) project on virtual switch performance characterization,
+ "VSWITCHPERF", through the Brahmaputra (second) release <xref
+ target="BrahRel"/>. This project intends to build on the current and
+ completed work of the Benchmarking Methodology Working Group in IETF, by
+ referencing existing literature. For example, currently the most often
+ referenced RFC is <xref target="RFC2544"/> (which depends on <xref
+ target="RFC1242"/>) and foundation of the benchmarking work in OPNFV is
+ common and strong.</t>
+
+ <t>See
+ https://wiki.opnfv.org/characterize_vswitch_performance_for_telco_nfv_use_cases
+ for more background, and the OPNFV website for general information:
+ https://www.opnfv.org/</t>
+
+ <t>The authors note that OPNFV distinguishes itself from other open
+ source compute and networking projects through its emphasis on existing
+ "telco" services as opposed to cloud-computing. There are many ways in
+ which telco requirements have different emphasis on performance
+ dimensions when compared to cloud computing: support for and transfer of
+ isochronous media streams is one example.</t>
+
+ <t>Note also that the move to NFV Infrastructure has resulted in many
+ new benchmarking initiatives across the industry. The authors are
+ currently doing their best to maintain alignment with many other
+ projects, and this Internet Draft is one part of the efforts. We
+ acknowledge the early work in <xref
+ target="I-D.huang-bmwg-virtual-network-performance"/>, and useful
+ discussion with the authors.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Scope">
+ <t>The primary purpose and scope of the memo is to inform the industry
+ of work-in-progress that builds on the body of extensive BMWG literature
+ and experience, and describe the extensions needed for benchmarking
+ virtual switches. Inital feedback indicates that many of these
+ extensions may be applicable beyond the current scope (to hardware
+ switches in the NFV Infrastructure and to virtual routers, for example).
+ Additionally, this memo serves as a vehicle to include more detail and
+ commentary from BMWG and other Open Source communities, under BMWG's
+ chartered work to characterize the NFV Infrastructure (a virtual switch
+ is an important aspect of that infrastructure).</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Benchmarking Considerations">
+ <t>This section highlights some specific considerations (from <xref
+ target="I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net"/>)related to Benchmarks for virtual
+ switches. The OPNFV project is sharing its present view on these areas,
+ as they develop their specifications in the Level Test Design (LTD)
+ document.</t>
+
+ <section title="Comparison with Physical Network Functions">
+ <t>To compare the performance of virtual designs and implementations
+ with their physical counterparts, identical benchmarks are needed.
+ BMWG has developed specifications for many network functions this memo
+ re-uses existing benchmarks through references, and expands them
+ during development of new methods. A key configuration aspect is the
+ number of parallel cores required to achieve comparable performance
+ with a given physical device, or whether some limit of scale was
+ reached before the cores could achieve the comparable level.</t>
+
+ <t>It's unlikely that the virtual switch will be the only application
+ running on the SUT, so CPU utilization, Cache utilization, and Memory
+ footprint should also be recorded for the virtual implementations of
+ internetworking functions.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Continued Emphasis on Black-Box Benchmarks">
+ <t>External observations remain essential as the basis for Benchmarks.
+ Internal observations with fixed specification and interpretation will
+ be provided in parallel to assist the development of operations
+ procedures when the technology is deployed.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="New Configuration Parameters">
+ <t>A key consideration when conducting any sort of benchmark is trying
+ to ensure the consistency and repeatability of test results. When
+ benchmarking the performance of a vSwitch there are many factors that
+ can affect the consistency of results, one key factor is matching the
+ various hardware and software details of the SUT. This section lists
+ some of the many new parameters which this project believes are
+ critical to report in order to achieve repeatability.</t>
+
+ <t>Hardware details including:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Platform details</t>
+
+ <t>Processor details</t>
+
+ <t>Memory information (type and size)</t>
+
+ <t>Number of enabled cores</t>
+
+ <t>Number of cores used for the test</t>
+
+ <t>Number of physical NICs, as well as their details
+ (manufacturer, versions, type and the PCI slot they are plugged
+ into)</t>
+
+ <t>NIC interrupt configuration</t>
+
+ <t>BIOS version, release date and any configurations that were
+ modified</t>
+
+ <t>CPU microcode level</t>
+
+ <t>Memory DIMM configurations (quad rank performance may not be
+ the same as dual rank) in size, freq and slot locations</t>
+
+ <t>PCI configuration parameters (payload size, early ack
+ option...)</t>
+
+ <t>Power management at all levels (ACPI sleep states, processor
+ package, OS...)</t>
+ </list>Software details including:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>OS parameters and behavior (text vs graphical no one typing at
+ the console on one system)</t>
+
+ <t>OS version (for host and VNF)</t>
+
+ <t>Kernel version (for host and VNF)</t>
+
+ <t>GRUB boot parameters (for host and VNF)</t>
+
+ <t>Hypervisor details (Type and version)</t>
+
+ <t>Selected vSwitch, version number or commit id used</t>
+
+ <t>vSwitch launch command line if it has been parameterised</t>
+
+ <t>Memory allocation to the vSwitch</t>
+
+ <t>which NUMA node it is using, and how many memory channels</t>
+
+ <t>DPDK or any other SW dependency version number or commit id
+ used</t>
+
+ <t>Memory allocation to a VM - if it's from Hugpages/elsewhere</t>
+
+ <t>VM storage type: snapshot/independent persistent/independent
+ non-persistent</t>
+
+ <t>Number of VMs</t>
+
+ <t>Number of Virtual NICs (vNICs), versions, type and driver</t>
+
+ <t>Number of virtual CPUs and their core affinity on the host</t>
+
+ <t>Number vNIC interrupt configuration</t>
+
+ <t>Thread affinitization for the applications (including the
+ vSwitch itself) on the host</t>
+
+ <t>Details of Resource isolation, such as CPUs designated for
+ Host/Kernel (isolcpu) and CPUs designated for specific processes
+ (taskset). - Test duration. - Number of flows.</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Test Traffic Information:<list style="symbols">
+ <t>Traffic type - UDP, TCP, IMIX / Other</t>
+
+ <t>Packet Sizes</t>
+
+ <t>Deployment Scenario</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t/>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Flow classification">
+ <t>Virtual switches group packets into flows by processing and
+ matching particular packet or frame header information, or by matching
+ packets based on the input ports. Thus a flow can be thought of a
+ sequence of packets that have the same set of header field values or
+ have arrived on the same port. Performance results can vary based on
+ the parameters the vSwitch uses to match for a flow. The recommended
+ flow classification parameters for any vSwitch performance tests are:
+ the input port, the source IP address, the destination IP address and
+ the Ethernet protocol type field. It is essential to increase the flow
+ timeout time on a vSwitch before conducting any performance tests that
+ do not measure the flow setup time. Normally the first packet of a
+ particular stream will install the flow in the virtual switch which
+ adds an additional latency, subsequent packets of the same flow are
+ not subject to this latency if the flow is already installed on the
+ vSwitch.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Benchmarks using Baselines with Resource Isolation">
+ <t>This outline describes measurement of baseline with isolated
+ resources at a high level, which is the intended approach at this
+ time.</t>
+
+ <t><list style="numbers">
+ <t>Baselines: <list style="symbols">
+ <t>Optional: Benchmark platform forwarding capability without
+ a vswitch or VNF for at least 72 hours (serves as a means of
+ platform validation and a means to obtain the base performance
+ for the platform in terms of its maximum forwarding rate and
+ latency). <figure>
+ <preamble>Benchmark platform forwarding
+ capability</preamble>
+
+ <artwork align="right"><![CDATA[ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | Simple Forwarding App | | Host
+ | | | | |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | NIC | | |
+ +---+------------------------------------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+
+ <postamble/>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t>Benchmark VNF forwarding capability with direct
+ connectivity (vSwitch bypass, e.g., SR/IOV) for at least 72
+ hours (serves as a means of VNF validation and a means to
+ obtain the base performance for the VNF in terms of its
+ maximum forwarding rate and latency). The metrics gathered
+ from this test will serve as a key comparison point for
+ vSwitch bypass technologies performance and vSwitch
+ performance. <figure align="right">
+ <preamble>Benchmark VNF forwarding capability</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | VNF | | |
+ | | | | |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Passthrough/SR-IOV | | Host
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | NIC | | |
+ +---+------------------------------------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+
+ <postamble/>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t>Benchmarking with isolated resources alone, with other
+ resources (both HW&amp;SW) disabled Example, vSw and VM are
+ SUT</t>
+
+ <t>Benchmarking with isolated resources alone, leaving some
+ resources unused</t>
+
+ <t>Benchmark with isolated resources and all resources
+ occupied</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Next Steps<list style="symbols">
+ <t>Limited sharing</t>
+
+ <t>Production scenarios</t>
+
+ <t>Stressful scenarios</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="VSWITCHPERF Specification Summary">
+ <t>The overall specification in preparation is referred to as a Level
+ Test Design (LTD) document, which will contain a suite of performance
+ tests. The base performance tests in the LTD are based on the
+ pre-existing specifications developed by BMWG to test the performance of
+ physical switches. These specifications include:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t><xref target="RFC2544"/> Benchmarking Methodology for Network
+ Interconnect Devices</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC2889"/> Benchmarking Methodology for LAN
+ Switching</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC6201"/> Device Reset Characterization</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC5481"/> Packet Delay Variation Applicability
+ Statement</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Some of the above/newer RFCs are being applied in benchmarking for
+ the first time, and represent a development challenge for test equipment
+ developers. Fortunately, many members of the testing system community
+ have engaged on the VSPERF project, including an open source test
+ system.</t>
+
+ <t>In addition to this, the LTD also re-uses the terminology defined
+ by:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t><xref target="RFC2285"/> Benchmarking Terminology for LAN
+ Switching Devices</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC5481"/> Packet Delay Variation Applicability
+ Statement</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t/>
+
+ <t>Specifications to be included in future updates of the LTD
+ include:<list style="symbols">
+ <t><xref target="RFC3918"/> Methodology for IP Multicast
+ Benchmarking</t>
+
+ <t><xref target="RFC4737"/> Packet Reordering Metrics</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>As one might expect, the most fundamental internetworking
+ characteristics of Throughput and Latency remain important when the
+ switch is virtualized, and these benchmarks figure prominently in the
+ specification.</t>
+
+ <t>When considering characteristics important to "telco" network
+ functions, we must begin to consider additional performance metrics. In
+ this case, the project specifications have referenced metrics from the
+ IETF IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) literature. This means that the <xref
+ target="RFC2544"/> test of Latency is replaced by measurement of a
+ metric derived from IPPM's <xref target="RFC2679"/>, where a set of
+ statistical summaries will be provided (mean, max, min, etc.). Further
+ metrics planned to be benchmarked include packet delay variation as
+ defined by <xref target="RFC5481"/> , reordering, burst behaviour, DUT
+ availability, DUT capacity and packet loss in long term testing at
+ Throughput level, where some low-level of background loss may be present
+ and characterized.</t>
+
+ <t>Tests have been (or will be) designed to collect the metrics
+ below:</t>
+
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput Tests to measure the maximum forwarding rate (in
+ frames per second or fps) and bit rate (in Mbps) for a constant load
+ (as defined by <xref target="RFC1242"/>) without traffic loss.</t>
+
+ <t>Packet and Frame Delay Distribution Tests to measure average, min
+ and max packet and frame delay for constant loads.</t>
+
+ <t>Packet Delay Tests to understand latency distribution for
+ different packet sizes and over an extended test run to uncover
+ outliers.</t>
+
+ <t>Scalability Tests to understand how the virtual switch performs
+ as the number of flows, active ports, complexity of the forwarding
+ logic&rsquo;s configuration&hellip; it has to deal with
+ increases.</t>
+
+ <t>Stream Performance Tests (TCP, UDP) to measure bulk data transfer
+ performance, i.e. how fast systems can send and receive data through
+ the switch.</t>
+
+ <t>Control Path and Datapath Coupling Tests, to understand how
+ closely coupled the datapath and the control path are as well as the
+ effect of this coupling on the performance of the DUT (example:
+ delay of the initial packet of a flow).</t>
+
+ <t>CPU and Memory Consumption Tests to understand the virtual
+ switch&rsquo;s footprint on the system, usually conducted as
+ auxiliary measurements with benchmarks above. They include: CPU
+ utilization, Cache utilization and Memory footprint.</t>
+
+ <t>The so-called "Soak" tests, where the selected test is conducted
+ over a long period of time (with an ideal duration of 24 hours, and
+ at least 6 hours). The purpose of soak tests is to capture transient
+ changes in performance which may occur due to infrequent processes
+ or the low probability coincidence of two or more processes. The
+ performance must be evaluated periodically during continuous
+ testing, and this results in use of <xref target="RFC2889"/> Frame
+ Rate metrics instead of <xref target="RFC2544"/> Throughput (which
+ requires stopping traffic to allow time for all traffic to exit
+ internal queues).</t>
+ </list></t>
+
+ <t>Future/planned test specs include:<list style="symbols">
+ <t>Request/Response Performance Tests (TCP, UDP) which measure the
+ transaction rate through the switch.</t>
+
+ <t>Noisy Neighbour Tests, to understand the effects of resource
+ sharing on the performance of a virtual switch.</t>
+
+ <t>Tests derived from examination of ETSI NFV Draft GS IFA003
+ requirements <xref target="IFA003"/> on characterization of
+ acceleration technologies applied to vswitches.</t>
+ </list>The flexibility of deployment of a virtual switch within a
+ network means that the BMWG IETF existing literature needs to be used to
+ characterize the performance of a switch in various deployment
+ scenarios. The deployment scenarios under consideration include:</t>
+
+ <t><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to physical
+ port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +--------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | v | | Host
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +---+--------------+------------+--------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF to virtual switch
+ to physical port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | ^ : | |
+ | | | | | Guest
+ | : v | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port 0| | logical port 1| | |
+ +---+---------------+-----------+---------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v __
+ +---+---------------+----------+---------------+---+ |
+ | | logical port 0| | logical port 1| | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ : | |
+ | | | | | Host
+ | : v | |
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +---+--------------+------------+--------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF to virtual switch
+ to VNF to virtual switch to physical port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+ |
+ | Guest 1 | | Guest 2 | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | | | Application | | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | | | ^ | | |
+ | | v | | | v | | Guests
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical ports | | | | logical ports | | |
+ | | 0 1 | | | | 0 1 | | |
+ +---+---------------+--+ +---+---------------+--+__|
+ ^ : ^ :
+ | | | |
+ : v : v _
+ +---+---------------+---------+---------------+--+ |
+ | | 0 1 | | 3 4 | | |
+ | | logical ports | | logical ports | | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | ^ | | | Host
+ | | |-----------------| v | |
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy ports | vSwitch | phy ports | | |
+ +---+--------------+----------+--------------+---+_|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | ^ | |
+ | | | | Guest
+ | : | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port 0| | |
+ +---+---------------+-------------------------------+ __|
+ ^
+ |
+ : __
+ +---+---------------+------------------------------+ |
+ | | logical port 0| | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | |
+ | | | | Host
+ | : | |
+ | +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | |
+ +---+--------------+------------ -------------- ---+ __|
+ ^
+ |
+ :
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>VNF to virtual switch to physical port</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | : | |
+ | | | | Guest
+ | v | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port | | |
+ +-------------------------------+---------------+---+ __|
+ :
+ |
+ v __
+ +------------------------------+---------------+---+ |
+ | | logical port | | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | : | |
+ | | | | Host
+ | v | |
+ | +--------------+ | |
+ | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +-------------------------------+--------------+---+ __|
+ :
+ |
+ v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
+ </figure><figure>
+ <preamble>VNF to virtual switch to VNF</preamble>
+
+ <artwork><![CDATA[ __
+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+ |
+ | Guest 1 | | Guest 2 | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | | | Application | | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | | | ^ | |
+ | v | | | | | Guests
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical ports | | | | logical ports | | |
+ | | 0 | | | | 0 | | |
+ +---+---------------+--+ +---+---------------+--+__|
+ : ^
+ | |
+ v : _
+ +---+---------------+---------+---------------+--+ |
+ | | 1 | | 1 | | |
+ | | logical ports | | logical ports | | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | | ^ | | Host
+ | L-----------------+ | |
+ | | |
+ | vSwitch | |
+ +------------------------------------------------+_|]]></artwork>
+ </figure></t>
+
+ <t>A set of Deployment Scenario figures is available on the VSPERF Test
+ Methodology Wiki page <xref target="TestTopo"/>.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="3x3 Matrix Coverage">
+ <t>This section organizes the many existing test specifications into the
+ "3x3" matrix (introduced in <xref target="I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net"/>).
+ Because the LTD specification ID names are quite long, this section is
+ organized into lists for each occupied cell of the matrix (not all are
+ occupied, also the matrix has grown to 3x4 to accommodate scale metrics
+ when displaying the coverage of many metrics/benchmarks). The current
+ version of the LTD specification is available <xref target="LTD"/>.</t>
+
+ <t>The tests listed below assess the activation of paths in the data
+ plane, rather than the control plane.</t>
+
+ <t>A complete list of tests with short summaries is available on the
+ VSPERF "LTD Test Spec Overview" Wiki page <xref target="LTDoverV"/>.</t>
+
+ <section title="Speed of Activation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Activation.RFC2889.AddressLearningRate</t>
+
+ <t>PacketLatency.InitialPacketProcessingLatency</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Accuracy of Activation section">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>CPDP.Coupling.Flow.Addition</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Reliability of Activation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.SystemRecoveryTime</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.ResetTime</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Scale of Activation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Activation.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Speed of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRate</t>
+
+ <t>CPU.RFC2544.0PacketLoss</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRateFrameModification</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.BackToBackFrames</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.ForwardPressure</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.BroadcastFrameForwarding</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Accuracy of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.ErrorFramesFiltering</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2544.Profile</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Reliability of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.Soak</t>
+
+ <t>Throughput.RFC2889.SoakFrameModification</t>
+
+ <t>PacketDelayVariation.RFC3393.Soak</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Scalability of Operation">
+ <t><list style="symbols">
+ <t>Scalability.RFC2544.0PacketLoss</t>
+
+ <t>MemoryBandwidth.RFC2544.0PacketLoss.Scalability</t>
+ </list></t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Summary">
+ <t><figure>
+ <artwork><![CDATA[|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| | SPEED | ACCURACY | RELIABILITY | SCALE |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| Activation | X | X | X | X |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| Operation | X | X | X | X |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| | | | | |
+| De-activation | | | | |
+| | | | | |
+|------------------------------------------------------------------------|]]></artwork>
+ </figure></t>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Security Considerations">
+ <t>Benchmarking activities as described in this memo are limited to
+ technology characterization of a Device Under Test/System Under Test
+ (DUT/SUT) using controlled stimuli in a laboratory environment, with
+ dedicated address space and the constraints specified in the sections
+ above.</t>
+
+ <t>The benchmarking network topology will be an independent test setup
+ and MUST NOT be connected to devices that may forward the test traffic
+ into a production network, or misroute traffic to the test management
+ network.</t>
+
+ <t>Further, benchmarking is performed on a "black-box" basis, relying
+ solely on measurements observable external to the DUT/SUT.</t>
+
+ <t>Special capabilities SHOULD NOT exist in the DUT/SUT specifically for
+ benchmarking purposes. Any implications for network security arising
+ from the DUT/SUT SHOULD be identical in the lab and in production
+ networks.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section anchor="IANA" title="IANA Considerations">
+ <t>No IANA Action is requested at this time.</t>
+ </section>
+
+ <section title="Acknowledgements">
+ <t>The authors appreciate and acknowledge comments from Scott Bradner,
+ Marius Georgescu, Ramki Krishnan, Doug Montgomery, Martin Klozik,
+ Christian Trautman, and others for their reviews.</t>
+ </section>
+ </middle>
+
+ <back>
+ <references title="Normative References">
+ <?rfc ?>
+
+ <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2119"?>
+
+ <?rfc ?>
+
+ <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2330"?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2544'?>
+
+ <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2679"?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2680'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3393'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3432'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2681'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5905'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4689'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4737'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5357'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2889'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3918'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6201'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2285'?>
+
+ <reference anchor="NFV.PER001">
+ <front>
+ <title>Network Function Virtualization: Performance and Portability
+ Best Practices</title>
+
+ <author fullname="ETSI NFV" initials="" surname="">
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date month="June" year="2014"/>
+ </front>
+
+ <seriesInfo name="Group Specification"
+ value="ETSI GS NFV-PER 001 V1.1.1 (2014-06)"/>
+
+ <format type="PDF"/>
+ </reference>
+ </references>
+
+ <references title="Informative References">
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.1242'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5481'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6049'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6248'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6390'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net'?>
+
+ <?rfc include='reference.I-D.huang-bmwg-virtual-network-performance'?>
+
+ <reference anchor="TestTopo">
+ <front>
+ <title>Test Topologies
+ https://wiki.opnfv.org/vsperf/test_methodology</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="LTDoverV">
+ <front>
+ <title>LTD Test Spec Overview
+ https://wiki.opnfv.org/wiki/vswitchperf_test_spec_review</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="LTD">
+ <front>
+ <title>LTD Test Specification
+ http://artifacts.opnfv.org/vswitchperf/docs/requirements/index.html</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="BrahRel">
+ <front>
+ <title>Brahmaputra, Second OPNFV Release
+ https://www.opnfv.org/brahmaputra</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference anchor="IFA003">
+ <front>
+ <title>https://docbox.etsi.org/ISG/NFV/Open/Drafts/IFA003_Acceleration_-_vSwitch_Spec/</title>
+
+ <author>
+ <organization/>
+ </author>
+
+ <date/>
+ </front>
+ </reference>
+ </references>
+ </back>
+</rfc>
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new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,1712 @@
+.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
+.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
+.. (c) OPNFV, Intel Corporation, AT&T and others.
+
+******************************
+VSPERF LEVEL TEST DESIGN (LTD)
+******************************
+
+.. 3.1
+
+============
+Introduction
+============
+
+The intention of this Level Test Design (LTD) document is to specify the set of
+tests to carry out in order to objectively measure the current characteristics
+of a virtual switch in the Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure
+(NFVI) as well as the test pass criteria. The detailed test cases will be
+defined in details-of-LTD_, preceded by the doc-id-of-LTD_ and the scope-of-LTD_.
+
+This document is currently in draft form.
+
+.. 3.1.1
+
+
+.. _doc-id-of-LTD:
+
+Document identifier
+===================
+
+The document id will be used to uniquely
+identify versions of the LTD. The format for the document id will be:
+OPNFV\_vswitchperf\_LTD\_REL\_STATUS, where by the
+status is one of: draft, reviewed, corrected or final. The document id
+for this version of the LTD is:
+OPNFV\_vswitchperf\_LTD\_Brahmaputra\_REVIEWED.
+
+.. 3.1.2
+
+.. _scope-of-LTD:
+
+Scope
+=====
+
+The main purpose of this project is to specify a suite of
+performance tests in order to objectively measure the current packet
+transfer characteristics of a virtual switch in the NFVI. The intent of
+the project is to facilitate testing of any virtual switch. Thus, a
+generic suite of tests shall be developed, with no hard dependencies to
+a single implementation. In addition, the test case suite shall be
+architecture independent.
+
+The test cases developed in this project shall not form part of a
+separate test framework, all of these tests may be inserted into the
+Continuous Integration Test Framework and/or the Platform Functionality
+Test Framework - if a vSwitch becomes a standard component of an OPNFV
+release.
+
+.. 3.1.3
+
+References
+==========
+
+* `RFC 1242 Benchmarking Terminology for Network Interconnection
+ Devices <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1242.txt>`__
+* `RFC 2544 Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect
+ Devices <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__
+* `RFC 2285 Benchmarking Terminology for LAN Switching
+ Devices <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2285.txt>`__
+* `RFC 2889 Benchmarking Methodology for LAN Switching
+ Devices <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2889.txt>`__
+* `RFC 3918 Methodology for IP Multicast
+ Benchmarking <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3918.txt>`__
+* `RFC 4737 Packet Reordering
+ Metrics <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4737.txt>`__
+* `RFC 5481 Packet Delay Variation Applicability
+ Statement <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__
+* `RFC 6201 Device Reset
+ Characterization <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6201>`__
+
+.. 3.2
+
+.. _details-of-LTD:
+
+================================
+Details of the Level Test Design
+================================
+
+This section describes the features to be tested (FeaturesToBeTested-of-LTD_), and
+identifies the sets of test cases or scenarios (TestIdentification-of-LTD_).
+
+.. 3.2.1
+
+.. _FeaturesToBeTested-of-LTD:
+
+Features to be tested
+=====================
+
+Characterizing virtual switches (i.e. Device Under Test (DUT) in this document)
+includes measuring the following performance metrics:
+
+- Throughput
+- Packet delay
+- Packet delay variation
+- Packet loss
+- Burst behaviour
+- Packet re-ordering
+- Packet correctness
+- Availability and capacity of the DUT
+
+.. 3.2.2
+
+.. _TestIdentification-of-LTD:
+
+Test identification
+===================
+
+.. 3.2.2.1
+
+Throughput tests
+----------------
+
+The following tests aim to determine the maximum forwarding rate that
+can be achieved with a virtual switch. The list is not exhaustive but
+should indicate the type of tests that should be required. It is
+expected that more will be added.
+
+.. 3.2.2.1.1
+
+.. _PacketLossRatio:
+
+Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC 2544 X% packet loss ratio Throughput and Latency Test
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ This test determines the DUT's maximum forwarding rate with X% traffic
+ loss for a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed interval time).
+ The default loss percentages to be tested are: - X = 0% - X = 10^-7%
+
+ Note: Other values can be tested if required by the user.
+
+ The selected frame sizes are those previously defined under
+ :ref:`default-test-parameters`.
+ The test can also be used to determine the average latency of the traffic.
+
+ Under the `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__
+ test methodology, the test duration will
+ include a number of trials; each trial should run for a minimum period
+ of 60 seconds. A binary search methodology must be applied for each
+ trial to obtain the final result.
+
+ **Expected Result**: At the end of each trial, the presence or absence
+ of loss determines the modification of offered load for the next trial,
+ converging on a maximum rate, or
+ `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ Throughput with X%
+ loss.
+ The Throughput load is re-used in related
+ `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ tests and other
+ tests.
+
+ **Metrics Collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - The maximum forwarding rate in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of
+ the DUT for each frame size with X% packet loss.
+ - The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through the DUT
+ (if testing for latency, note that this average is different from the
+ test specified in Section 26.3 of
+ `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__).
+ - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
+ test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
+
+.. 3.2.2.1.2
+
+.. _PacketLossRatioFrameModification:
+
+Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatioFrameModification
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC 2544 X% packet loss Throughput and Latency Test with
+ packet modification
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ This test determines the DUT's maximum forwarding rate with X% traffic
+ loss for a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed interval time).
+ The default loss percentages to be tested are: - X = 0% - X = 10^-7%
+
+ Note: Other values can be tested if required by the user.
+
+ The selected frame sizes are those previously defined under
+ :ref:`default-test-parameters`.
+ The test can also be used to determine the average latency of the traffic.
+
+ Under the `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__
+ test methodology, the test duration will
+ include a number of trials; each trial should run for a minimum period
+ of 60 seconds. A binary search methodology must be applied for each
+ trial to obtain the final result.
+
+ During this test, the DUT must perform the following operations on the
+ traffic flow:
+
+ - Perform packet parsing on the DUT's ingress port.
+ - Perform any relevant address look-ups on the DUT's ingress ports.
+ - Modify the packet header before forwarding the packet to the DUT's
+ egress port. Packet modifications include:
+
+ - Modifying the Ethernet source or destination MAC address.
+ - Modifying/adding a VLAN tag. (**Recommended**).
+ - Modifying/adding a MPLS tag.
+ - Modifying the source or destination ip address.
+ - Modifying the TOS/DSCP field.
+ - Modifying the source or destination ports for UDP/TCP/SCTP.
+ - Modifying the TTL.
+
+ **Expected Result**: The Packet parsing/modifications require some
+ additional degree of processing resource, therefore the
+ `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__
+ Throughput is expected to be somewhat lower than the Throughput level
+ measured without additional steps. The reduction is expected to be
+ greatest on tests with the smallest packet sizes (greatest header
+ processing rates).
+
+ **Metrics Collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - The maximum forwarding rate in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of
+ the DUT for each frame size with X% packet loss and packet
+ modification operations being performed by the DUT.
+ - The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through the DUT
+ (if testing for latency, note that this average is different from the
+ test specified in Section 26.3 of
+ `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__).
+ - The `RFC5481 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__
+ PDV form of delay variation on the traffic flow,
+ using the 99th percentile.
+ - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
+ test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
+
+.. 3.2.2.1.3
+
+Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.Profile
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC 2544 Throughput and Latency Profile
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ This test reveals how throughput and latency degrades as the offered
+ rate varies in the region of the DUT's maximum forwarding rate as
+ determined by LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio (0% Packet Loss).
+ For example it can be used to determine if the degradation of throughput
+ and latency as the offered rate increases is slow and graceful or sudden
+ and severe.
+
+ The selected frame sizes are those previously defined under
+ :ref:`default-test-parameters`.
+
+ The offered traffic rate is described as a percentage delta with respect
+ to the DUT's RFC 2544 Throughput as determined by
+ LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLoss Ratio (0% Packet Loss case). A delta
+ of 0% is equivalent to an offered traffic rate equal to the RFC 2544
+ Maximum Throughput; A delta of +50% indicates an offered rate half-way
+ between the Maximum RFC2544 Throughput and line-rate, whereas a delta of
+ -50% indicates an offered rate of half the RFC 2544 Maximum Throughput.
+ Therefore the range of the delta figure is natuarlly bounded at -100%
+ (zero offered traffic) and +100% (traffic offered at line rate).
+
+ The following deltas to the maximum forwarding rate should be applied:
+
+ - -50%, -10%, 0%, +10% & +50%
+
+ **Expected Result**: For each packet size a profile should be produced
+ of how throughput and latency vary with offered rate.
+
+ **Metrics Collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - The forwarding rate in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of the DUT
+ for each delta to the maximum forwarding rate and for each frame
+ size.
+ - The average latency for each delta to the maximum forwarding rate and
+ for each frame size.
+ - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
+ test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
+ - Any failures experienced (for example if the vSwitch crashes, stops
+ processing packets, restarts or becomes unresponsive to commands)
+ when the offered load is above Maximum Throughput MUST be recorded
+ and reported with the results.
+
+.. 3.2.2.1.4
+
+Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.SystemRecoveryTime
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC 2544 System Recovery Time Test
+
+ **Prerequisite Test** LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ The aim of this test is to determine the length of time it takes the DUT
+ to recover from an overload condition for a constant load (fixed length
+ frames at a fixed interval time). The selected frame sizes are those
+ previously defined under :ref:`default-test-parameters`,
+ traffic should be sent to the DUT under normal conditions. During the
+ duration of the test and while the traffic flows are passing though the
+ DUT, at least one situation leading to an overload condition for the DUT
+ should occur. The time from the end of the overload condition to when
+ the DUT returns to normal operations should be measured to determine
+ recovery time. Prior to overloading the DUT, one should record the
+ average latency for 10,000 packets forwarded through the DUT.
+
+ The overload condition SHOULD be to transmit traffic at a very high
+ frame rate to the DUT (150% of the maximum 0% packet loss rate as
+ determined by LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio or line-rate
+ whichever is lower), for at least 60 seconds, then reduce the frame rate
+ to 75% of the maximum 0% packet loss rate. A number of time-stamps
+ should be recorded: - Record the time-stamp at which the frame rate was
+ reduced and record a second time-stamp at the time of the last frame
+ lost. The recovery time is the difference between the two timestamps. -
+ Record the average latency for 10,000 frames after the last frame loss
+ and continue to record average latency measurements for every 10,000
+ frames, when latency returns to within 10% of pre-overload levels record
+ the time-stamp.
+
+ **Expected Result**:
+
+ **Metrics collected**
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - The length of time it takes the DUT to recover from an overload
+ condition.
+ - The length of time it takes the DUT to recover the average latency to
+ pre-overload conditions.
+
+ **Deployment scenario**:
+
+ - Physical → virtual switch → physical.
+
+.. 3.2.2.1.5
+
+.. _BackToBackFrames:
+
+Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.BackToBackFrames
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC2544 Back To Back Frames Test
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: N
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ The aim of this test is to characterize the ability of the DUT to
+ process back-to-back frames. For each frame size previously defined
+ under :ref:`default-test-parameters`, a burst of traffic
+ is sent to the DUT with the minimum inter-frame gap between each frame.
+ If the number of received frames equals the number of frames that were
+ transmitted, the burst size should be increased and traffic is sent to
+ the DUT again. The value measured is the back-to-back value, that is the
+ maximum burst size the DUT can handle without any frame loss. Please note
+ a trial must run for a minimum of 2 seconds and should be repeated 50
+ times (at a minimum).
+
+ **Expected Result**:
+
+ Tests of back-to-back frames with physical devices have produced
+ unstable results in some cases. All tests should be repeated in multiple
+ test sessions and results stability should be examined.
+
+ **Metrics collected**
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - The average back-to-back value across the trials, which is
+ the number of frames in the longest burst that the DUT will
+ handle without the loss of any frames.
+ - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
+ test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
+
+ **Deployment scenario**:
+
+ - Physical → virtual switch → physical.
+
+.. 3.2.2.1.6
+
+Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRateSoak
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC 2889 X% packet loss Max Forwarding Rate Soak Test
+
+ **Prerequisite Test** LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ The aim of this test is to understand the Max Forwarding Rate stability
+ over an extended test duration in order to uncover any outliers. To allow
+ for an extended test duration, the test should ideally run for 24 hours
+ or, if this is not possible, for at least 6 hours. For this test, each frame
+ size must be sent at the highest Throughput rate with X% packet loss, as
+ determined in the prerequisite test. The default loss percentages to be
+ tested are: - X = 0% - X = 10^-7%
+
+ Note: Other values can be tested if required by the user.
+
+ **Expected Result**:
+
+ **Metrics Collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - Max Forwarding Rate stability of the DUT.
+
+ - This means reporting the number of packets lost per time interval
+ and reporting any time intervals with packet loss. The
+ `RFC2889 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2289.txt>`__
+ Forwarding Rate shall be measured in each interval.
+ An interval of 60s is suggested.
+
+ - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
+ test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
+ - The `RFC5481 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__
+ PDV form of delay variation on the traffic flow,
+ using the 99th percentile.
+
+.. 3.2.2.1.7
+
+Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRateSoakFrameModification
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC 2889 Max Forwarding Rate Soak Test with Frame Modification
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**:
+ LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatioFrameModification (0% Packet Loss)
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ The aim of this test is to understand the Max Forwarding Rate stability over an
+ extended test duration in order to uncover any outliers. To allow for an
+ extended test duration, the test should ideally run for 24 hours or, if
+ this is not possible, for at least 6 hour. For this test, each frame
+ size must be sent at the highest Throughput rate with 0% packet loss, as
+ determined in the prerequisite test.
+
+ During this test, the DUT must perform the following operations on the
+ traffic flow:
+
+ - Perform packet parsing on the DUT's ingress port.
+ - Perform any relevant address look-ups on the DUT's ingress ports.
+ - Modify the packet header before forwarding the packet to the DUT's
+ egress port. Packet modifications include:
+
+ - Modifying the Ethernet source or destination MAC address.
+ - Modifying/adding a VLAN tag (**Recommended**).
+ - Modifying/adding a MPLS tag.
+ - Modifying the source or destination ip address.
+ - Modifying the TOS/DSCP field.
+ - Modifying the source or destination ports for UDP/TCP/SCTP.
+ - Modifying the TTL.
+
+ **Expected Result**:
+
+ **Metrics Collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - Max Forwarding Rate stability of the DUT.
+
+ - This means reporting the number of packets lost per time interval
+ and reporting any time intervals with packet loss. The
+ `RFC2889 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2289.txt>`__
+ Forwarding Rate shall be measured in each interval.
+ An interval of 60s is suggested.
+
+ - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
+ test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
+ - The `RFC5481 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__
+ PDV form of delay variation on the traffic flow, using the 99th
+ percentile.
+
+.. 3.2.2.1.8
+
+Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC6201.ResetTime
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC 6201 Reset Time Test
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ The aim of this test is to determine the length of time it takes the DUT
+ to recover from a reset.
+
+ Two reset methods are defined - planned and unplanned. A planned reset
+ requires stopping and restarting the virtual switch by the usual
+ 'graceful' method defined by it's documentation. An unplanned reset
+ requires simulating a fatal internal fault in the virtual switch - for
+ example by using kill -SIGKILL on a Linux environment.
+
+ Both reset methods SHOULD be exercised.
+
+ For each frame size previously defined under :ref:`default-test-parameters`,
+ traffic should be sent to the DUT under
+ normal conditions. During the duration of the test and while the traffic
+ flows are passing through the DUT, the DUT should be reset and the Reset
+ time measured. The Reset time is the total time that a device is
+ determined to be out of operation and includes the time to perform the
+ reset and the time to recover from it (cf. `RFC6201
+ <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6201.txt>`__).
+
+ `RFC6201 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6201.txt>`__ defines two methods
+ to measure the Reset time:
+
+ - Frame-Loss Method: which requires the monitoring of the number of
+ lost frames and calculates the Reset time based on the number of
+ frames lost and the offered rate according to the following
+ formula:
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ Frames_lost (packets)
+ Reset_time = -------------------------------------
+ Offered_rate (packets per second)
+
+ - Timestamp Method: which measures the time from which the last frame
+ is forwarded from the DUT to the time the first frame is forwarded
+ after the reset. This involves time-stamping all transmitted frames
+ and recording the timestamp of the last frame that was received prior
+ to the reset and also measuring the timestamp of the first frame that
+ is received after the reset. The Reset time is the difference between
+ these two timestamps.
+
+ According to `RFC6201 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6201.txt>`__ the
+ choice of method depends on the test tool's capability; the Frame-Loss
+ method SHOULD be used if the test tool supports:
+
+ * Counting the number of lost frames per stream.
+ * Transmitting test frame despite the physical link status.
+
+ whereas the Timestamp method SHOULD be used if the test tool supports:
+
+ * Timestamping each frame.
+ * Monitoring received frame's timestamp.
+ * Transmitting frames only if the physical link status is up.
+
+ **Expected Result**:
+
+ **Metrics collected**
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ * Average Reset Time over the number of trials performed.
+
+ Results of this test should include the following information:
+
+ * The reset method used.
+ * Throughput in Fps and Mbps.
+ * Average Frame Loss over the number of trials performed.
+ * Average Reset Time in milliseconds over the number of trials performed.
+ * Number of trials performed.
+ * Protocol: IPv4, IPv6, MPLS, etc.
+ * Frame Size in Octets
+ * Port Media: Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet (GbE), etc.
+ * Port Speed: 10 Gbps, 40 Gbps etc.
+ * Interface Encapsulation: Ethernet, Ethernet VLAN, etc.
+
+ **Deployment scenario**:
+
+ * Physical → virtual switch → physical.
+
+.. 3.2.2.1.9
+
+Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC2889 Forwarding Rate Test
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ This test measures the DUT's Max Forwarding Rate when the Offered Load
+ is varied between the throughput and the Maximum Offered Load for fixed
+ length frames at a fixed time interval. The selected frame sizes are
+ those previously defined under :ref:`default-test-parameters`.
+ The throughput is the maximum offered
+ load with 0% frame loss (measured by the prerequisite test), and the
+ Maximum Offered Load (as defined by
+ `RFC2285 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2285.txt>`__) is *"the highest
+ number of frames per second that an external source can transmit to a
+ DUT/SUT for forwarding to a specified output interface or interfaces"*.
+
+ Traffic should be sent to the DUT at a particular rate (TX rate)
+ starting with TX rate equal to the throughput rate. The rate of
+ successfully received frames at the destination counted (in FPS). If the
+ RX rate is equal to the TX rate, the TX rate should be increased by a
+ fixed step size and the RX rate measured again until the Max Forwarding
+ Rate is found.
+
+ The trial duration for each iteration should last for the period of time
+ needed for the system to reach steady state for the frame size being
+ tested. Under `RFC2889 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2289.txt>`__
+ (Sec. 5.6.3.1) test methodology, the test
+ duration should run for a minimum period of 30 seconds, regardless
+ whether the system reaches steady state before the minimum duration
+ ends.
+
+ **Expected Result**: According to
+ `RFC2889 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2289.txt>`__ The Max Forwarding
+ Rate is the highest forwarding rate of a DUT taken from an iterative set of
+ forwarding rate measurements. The iterative set of forwarding rate measurements
+ are made by setting the intended load transmitted from an external source and
+ measuring the offered load (i.e what the DUT is capable of forwarding). If the
+ Throughput == the Maximum Offered Load, it follows that Max Forwarding Rate is
+ equal to the Maximum Offered Load.
+
+ **Metrics Collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - The Max Forwarding Rate for the DUT for each packet size.
+ - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
+ test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
+
+ **Deployment scenario**:
+
+ - Physical → virtual switch → physical. Note: Full mesh tests with
+ multiple ingress and egress ports are a key aspect of RFC 2889
+ benchmarks, and scenarios with both 2 and 4 ports should be tested.
+ In any case, the number of ports used must be reported.
+
+.. 3.2.2.1.10
+
+Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.ForwardPressure
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC2889 Forward Pressure Test
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ The aim of this test is to determine if the DUT transmits frames with an
+ inter-frame gap that is less than 12 bytes. This test overloads the DUT
+ and measures the output for forward pressure. Traffic should be
+ transmitted to the DUT with an inter-frame gap of 11 bytes, this will
+ overload the DUT by 1 byte per frame. The forwarding rate of the DUT
+ should be measured.
+
+ **Expected Result**: The forwarding rate should not exceed the maximum
+ forwarding rate of the DUT collected by
+ LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate.
+
+ **Metrics collected**
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - Forwarding rate of the DUT in FPS or Mbps.
+ - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
+ test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
+
+ **Deployment scenario**:
+
+ - Physical → virtual switch → physical.
+
+.. 3.2.2.1.11
+
+Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.ErrorFramesFiltering
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC2889 Error Frames Filtering Test
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ The aim of this test is to determine whether the DUT will propagate any
+ erroneous frames it receives or whether it is capable of filtering out
+ the erroneous frames. Traffic should be sent with erroneous frames
+ included within the flow at random intervals. Illegal frames that must
+ be tested include: - Oversize Frames. - Undersize Frames. - CRC Errored
+ Frames. - Dribble Bit Errored Frames - Alignment Errored Frames
+
+ The traffic flow exiting the DUT should be recorded and checked to
+ determine if the erroneous frames where passed through the DUT.
+
+ **Expected Result**: Broken frames are not passed!
+
+ **Metrics collected**
+
+ No Metrics are collected in this test, instead it determines:
+
+ - Whether the DUT will propagate erroneous frames.
+ - Or whether the DUT will correctly filter out any erroneous frames
+ from traffic flow with out removing correct frames.
+
+ **Deployment scenario**:
+
+ - Physical → virtual switch → physical.
+
+.. 3.2.2.1.12
+
+Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.BroadcastFrameForwarding
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC2889 Broadcast Frame Forwarding Test
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: N
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ The aim of this test is to determine the maximum forwarding rate of the
+ DUT when forwarding broadcast traffic. For each frame previously defined
+ under :ref:`default-test-parameters`, the traffic should
+ be set up as broadcast traffic. The traffic throughput of the DUT should
+ be measured.
+
+ The test should be conducted with at least 4 physical ports on the DUT.
+ The number of ports used MUST be recorded.
+
+ As broadcast involves forwarding a single incoming packet to several
+ destinations, the latency of a single packet is defined as the average
+ of the latencies for each of the broadcast destinations.
+
+ The incoming packet is transmitted on each of the other physical ports,
+ it is not transmitted on the port on which it was received. The test MAY
+ be conducted using different broadcasting ports to uncover any
+ performance differences.
+
+ **Expected Result**:
+
+ **Metrics collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - The forwarding rate of the DUT when forwarding broadcast traffic.
+ - The minimum, average & maximum packets latencies observed.
+
+ **Deployment scenario**:
+
+ - Physical → virtual switch 3x physical. In the Broadcast rate testing,
+ four test ports are required. One of the ports is connected to the test
+ device, so it can send broadcast frames and listen for miss-routed frames.
+
+.. 3.2.2.1.13
+
+Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.WorstN-BestN
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: Modified RFC 2544 X% packet loss ratio Throughput and Latency Test
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ This test determines the DUT's maximum forwarding rate with X% traffic
+ loss for a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed interval time).
+ The default loss percentages to be tested are: X = 0%, X = 10^-7%
+
+ Modified RFC 2544 throughput benchmarking methodology aims to quantify
+ the throughput measurement variations observed during standard RFC 2544
+ benchmarking measurements of virtual switches and VNFs. The RFC2544
+ binary search algorithm is modified to use more samples per test trial
+ to drive the binary search and yield statistically more meaningful
+ results. This keeps the heart of the RFC2544 methodology, still relying
+ on the binary search of throughput at specified loss tolerance, while
+ providing more useful information about the range of results seen in
+ testing. Instead of using a single traffic trial per iteration step,
+ each traffic trial is repeated N times and the success/failure of the
+ iteration step is based on these N traffic trials. Two types of revised
+ tests are defined - *Worst-of-N* and *Best-of-N*.
+
+ **Worst-of-N**
+
+ *Worst-of-N* indicates the lowest expected maximum throughput for (
+ packet size, loss tolerance) when repeating the test.
+
+ 1. Repeat the same test run N times at a set packet rate, record each
+ result.
+ 2. Take the WORST result (highest packet loss) out of N result samples,
+ called the Worst-of-N sample.
+ 3. If Worst-of-N sample has loss less than the set loss tolerance, then
+ the step is successful - increase the test traffic rate.
+ 4. If Worst-of-N sample has loss greater than the set loss tolerance
+ then the step failed - decrease the test traffic rate.
+ 5. Go to step 1.
+
+ **Best-of-N**
+
+ *Best-of-N* indicates the highest expected maximum throughput for (
+ packet size, loss tolerance) when repeating the test.
+
+ 1. Repeat the same traffic run N times at a set packet rate, record
+ each result.
+ 2. Take the BEST result (least packet loss) out of N result samples,
+ called the Best-of-N sample.
+ 3. If Best-of-N sample has loss less than the set loss tolerance, then
+ the step is successful - increase the test traffic rate.
+ 4. If Best-of-N sample has loss greater than the set loss tolerance,
+ then the step failed - decrease the test traffic rate.
+ 5. Go to step 1.
+
+ Performing both Worst-of-N and Best-of-N benchmark tests yields lower
+ and upper bounds of expected maximum throughput under the operating
+ conditions, giving a very good indication to the user of the
+ deterministic performance range for the tested setup.
+
+ **Expected Result**: At the end of each trial series, the presence or
+ absence of loss determines the modification of offered load for the
+ next trial series, converging on a maximum rate, or
+ `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ Throughput
+ with X% loss.
+ The Throughput load is re-used in related
+ `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ tests and other
+ tests.
+
+ **Metrics Collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - The maximum forwarding rate in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of
+ the DUT for each frame size with X% packet loss.
+ - The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through the DUT
+ (if testing for latency, note that this average is different from the
+ test specified in Section 26.3 of
+ `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__).
+ - Following may also be collected as part of this test, to determine
+ the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system:
+
+ - CPU core utilization.
+ - CPU cache utilization.
+ - Memory footprint.
+ - System bus (QPI, PCI, ...) utilization.
+ - CPU cycles consumed per packet.
+
+.. 3.2.2.1.14
+
+Test ID: LTD.Throughput.Overlay.Network.<tech>.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: <tech> Overlay Network RFC 2544 X% packet loss ratio Throughput and Latency Test
+
+
+ NOTE: Throughout this test, four interchangeable overlay technologies are covered by the
+ same test description. They are: VXLAN, GRE, NVGRE and GENEVE.
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+ This test evaluates standard switch performance benchmarks for the scenario where an
+ Overlay Network is deployed for all paths through the vSwitch. Overlay Technologies covered
+ (replacing <tech> in the test name) include:
+
+ - VXLAN
+ - GRE
+ - NVGRE
+ - GENEVE
+
+ Performance will be assessed for each of the following overlay network functions:
+
+ - Encapsulation only
+ - De-encapsulation only
+ - Both Encapsulation and De-encapsulation
+
+ For each native packet, the DUT must perform the following operations:
+
+ - Examine the packet and classify its correct overlay net (tunnel) assignment
+ - Encapsulate the packet
+ - Switch the packet to the correct port
+
+ For each encapsulated packet, the DUT must perform the following operations:
+
+ - Examine the packet and classify its correct native network assignment
+ - De-encapsulate the packet, if required
+ - Switch the packet to the correct port
+
+ The selected frame sizes are those previously defined under
+ :ref:`default-test-parameters`.
+
+ Thus, each test comprises an overlay technology, a network function,
+ and a packet size *with* overlay network overhead included
+ (but see also the discussion at
+ https://etherpad.opnfv.org/p/vSwitchTestsDrafts ).
+
+ The test can also be used to determine the average latency of the traffic.
+
+ Under the `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__
+ test methodology, the test duration will
+ include a number of trials; each trial should run for a minimum period
+ of 60 seconds. A binary search methodology must be applied for each
+ trial to obtain the final result for Throughput.
+
+ **Expected Result**: At the end of each trial, the presence or absence
+ of loss determines the modification of offered load for the next trial,
+ converging on a maximum rate, or
+ `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ Throughput with X%
+ loss (where the value of X is typically equal to zero).
+ The Throughput load is re-used in related
+ `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ tests and other
+ tests.
+
+ **Metrics Collected**:
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - The maximum Throughput in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of
+ the DUT for each frame size with X% packet loss.
+ - The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through the DUT
+ and VNFs (if testing for latency, note that this average is different from the
+ test specified in Section 26.3 of
+ `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__).
+ - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
+ test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
+
+.. 3.2.3.1.15
+
+Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.MatchAction.PacketLossRatio
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC 2544 X% packet loss ratio match action Throughput and Latency Test
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ The aim of this test is to determine the cost of carrying out match
+ action(s) on the DUT’s RFC2544 Throughput with X% traffic loss for
+ a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed interval time).
+
+ Each test case requires:
+
+ * selection of a specific match action(s),
+ * specifying a percentage of total traffic that is elligible
+ for the match action,
+ * determination of the specific test configuration (number
+ of flows, number of test ports, presence of an external
+ controller, etc.), and
+ * measurement of the RFC 2544 Throughput level with X% packet
+ loss: Traffic shall be bi-directional and symmetric.
+
+ Note: It would be ideal to verify that all match action-elligible
+ traffic was forwarded to the correct port, and if forwarded to
+ an unintended port it should be considered lost.
+
+ A match action is an action that is typically carried on a frame
+ or packet that matches a set of flow classification parameters
+ (typically frame/packet header fields). A match action may or may
+ not modify a packet/frame. Match actions include [1]:
+
+ * output : outputs a packet to a particular port.
+ * normal: Subjects the packet to traditional L2/L3 processing
+ (MAC learning).
+ * flood: Outputs the packet on all switch physical ports
+ other than the port on which it was received and any ports
+ on which flooding is disabled.
+ * all: Outputs the packet on all switch physical ports other
+ than the port on which it was received.
+ * local: Outputs the packet on the ``local port``, which
+ corresponds to the network device that has the same name as
+ the bridge.
+ * in_port: Outputs the packet on the port from which it was
+ received.
+ * Controller: Sends the packet and its metadata to the
+ OpenFlow controller as a ``packet in`` message.
+ * enqueue: Enqueues the packet on the specified queue
+ within port.
+ * drop: discard the packet.
+
+ Modifications include [1]:
+
+ * mod vlan: covered by LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatioFrameModification
+ * mod_dl_src: Sets the source Ethernet address.
+ * mod_dl_dst: Sets the destination Ethernet address.
+ * mod_nw_src: Sets the IPv4 source address.
+ * mod_nw_dst: Sets the IPv4 destination address.
+ * mod_tp_src: Sets the TCP or UDP or SCTP source port.
+ * mod_tp_dst: Sets the TCP or UDP or SCTP destination port.
+ * mod_nw_tos: Sets the DSCP bits in the IPv4 ToS/DSCP or
+ IPv6 traffic class field.
+ * mod_nw_ecn: Sets the ECN bits in the appropriate IPv4 or
+ IPv6 field.
+ * mod_nw_ttl: Sets the IPv4 TTL or IPv6 hop limit field.
+
+ Note: This comprehensive list requires extensive traffic generator
+ capabilities.
+
+ The match action(s) that were applied as part of the test should be
+ reported in the final test report.
+
+ During this test, the DUT must perform the following operations on
+ the traffic flow:
+
+ * Perform packet parsing on the DUT’s ingress port.
+ * Perform any relevant address look-ups on the DUT’s ingress
+ ports.
+ * Carry out one or more of the match actions specified above.
+
+ The default loss percentages to be tested are: - X = 0% - X = 10^-7%
+ Other values can be tested if required by the user. The selected
+ frame sizes are those previously defined under
+ :ref:`default-test-parameters`.
+
+ The test can also be used to determine the average latency of the
+ traffic when a match action is applied to packets in a flow. Under
+ the RFC2544 test methodology, the test duration will include a
+ number of trials; each trial should run for a minimum period of 60
+ seconds. A binary search methodology must be applied for each
+ trial to obtain the final result.
+
+ **Expected Result:**
+
+ At the end of each trial, the presence or absence of loss
+ determines the modification of offered load for the next trial,
+ converging on a maximum rate, or RFC2544Throughput with X% loss.
+ The Throughput load is re-used in related RFC2544 tests and other
+ tests.
+
+ **Metrics Collected:**
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ * The RFC 2544 Throughput in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps
+ of the DUT for each frame size with X% packet loss.
+ * The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through
+ the DUT (if testing for latency, note that this average is
+ different from the test specified in Section 26.3 ofRFC2544).
+ * CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of
+ this test, to determine the vSwitch’s performance footprint
+ on the system.
+
+ The metrics collected can be compared to that of the prerequisite
+ test to determine the cost of the match action(s) in the pipeline.
+
+ **Deployment scenario**:
+
+ - Physical → virtual switch → physical (and others are possible)
+
+ [1] ovs-ofctl - administer OpenFlow switches
+ [http://openvswitch.org/support/dist-docs/ovs-ofctl.8.txt ]
+
+
+.. 3.2.2.2
+
+Packet Latency tests
+--------------------
+
+These tests will measure the store and forward latency as well as the packet
+delay variation for various packet types through the virtual switch. The
+following list is not exhaustive but should indicate the type of tests
+that should be required. It is expected that more will be added.
+
+.. 3.2.2.2.1
+
+Test ID: LTD.PacketLatency.InitialPacketProcessingLatency
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: Initial Packet Processing Latency
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ In some virtual switch architectures, the first packets of a flow will
+ take the system longer to process than subsequent packets in the flow.
+ This test determines the latency for these packets. The test will
+ measure the latency of the packets as they are processed by the
+ flow-setup-path of the DUT. There are two methods for this test, a
+ recommended method and a nalternative method that can be used if it is
+ possible to disable the fastpath of the virtual switch.
+
+ Recommended method: This test will send 64,000 packets to the DUT, each
+ belonging to a different flow. Average packet latency will be determined
+ over the 64,000 packets.
+
+ Alternative method: This test will send a single packet to the DUT after
+ a fixed interval of time. The time interval will be equivalent to the
+ amount of time it takes for a flow to time out in the virtual switch
+ plus 10%. Average packet latency will be determined over 1,000,000
+ packets.
+
+ This test is intended only for non-learning virtual switches; For learning
+ virtual switches use RFC2889.
+
+ For this test, only unidirectional traffic is required.
+
+ **Expected Result**: The average latency for the initial packet of all
+ flows should be greater than the latency of subsequent traffic.
+
+ **Metrics Collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - Average latency of the initial packets of all flows that are
+ processed by the DUT.
+
+ **Deployment scenario**:
+
+ - Physical → Virtual Switch → Physical.
+
+.. 3.2.2.2.2
+
+Test ID: LTD.PacketDelayVariation.RFC3393.Soak
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: Packet Delay Variation Soak Test
+
+ **Prerequisite Tests**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio (0% Packet Loss)
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ The aim of this test is to understand the distribution of packet delay
+ variation for different frame sizes over an extended test duration and
+ to determine if there are any outliers. To allow for an extended test
+ duration, the test should ideally run for 24 hours or, if this is not
+ possible, for at least 6 hour. For this test, each frame size must be
+ sent at the highest possible throughput with 0% packet loss, as
+ determined in the prerequisite test.
+
+ **Expected Result**:
+
+ **Metrics Collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - The packet delay variation value for traffic passing through the DUT.
+ - The `RFC5481 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__
+ PDV form of delay variation on the traffic flow,
+ using the 99th percentile, for each 60s interval during the test.
+ - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
+ test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
+
+.. 3.2.2.3
+
+Scalability tests
+-----------------
+
+The general aim of these tests is to understand the impact of large flow
+table size and flow lookups on throughput. The following list is not
+exhaustive but should indicate the type of tests that should be required.
+It is expected that more will be added.
+
+.. 3.2.2.3.1
+
+.. _Scalability0PacketLoss:
+
+Test ID: LTD.Scalability.Flows.RFC2544.0PacketLoss
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC 2544 0% loss Flow Scalability throughput test
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio, IF the
+ delta Throughput between the single-flow RFC2544 test and this test with
+ a variable number of flows is desired.
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ The aim of this test is to measure how throughput changes as the number
+ of flows in the DUT increases. The test will measure the throughput
+ through the fastpath, as such the flows need to be installed on the DUT
+ before passing traffic.
+
+ For each frame size previously defined under :ref:`default-test-parameters`
+ and for each of the following number of flows:
+
+ - 1,000
+ - 2,000
+ - 4,000
+ - 8,000
+ - 16,000
+ - 32,000
+ - 64,000
+ - Max supported number of flows.
+
+ This test will be conducted under two conditions following the
+ establishment of all flows as required by RFC 2544, regarding the flow
+ expiration time-out:
+
+ 1) The time-out never expires during each trial.
+
+ 2) The time-out expires for all flows periodically. This would require a
+ short time-out compared with flow re-appearance for a small number of
+ flows, and may not be possible for all flow conditions.
+
+ The maximum 0% packet loss Throughput should be determined in a manner
+ identical to LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio.
+
+ **Expected Result**:
+
+ **Metrics Collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - The maximum number of frames per second that can be forwarded at the
+ specified number of flows and the specified frame size, with zero
+ packet loss.
+
+.. 3.2.2.3.2
+
+Test ID: LTD.MemoryBandwidth.RFC2544.0PacketLoss.Scalability
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC 2544 0% loss Memory Bandwidth Scalability test
+
+ **Prerequisite Tests**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio, IF the
+ delta Throughput between an undisturbed RFC2544 test and this test with
+ the Throughput affected by cache and memory bandwidth contention is desired.
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ The aim of this test is to understand how the DUT's performance is
+ affected by cache sharing and memory bandwidth between processes.
+
+ During the test all cores not used by the vSwitch should be running a
+ memory intensive application. This application should read and write
+ random data to random addresses in unused physical memory. The random
+ nature of the data and addresses is intended to consume cache, exercise
+ main memory access (as opposed to cache) and exercise all memory buses
+ equally. Furthermore:
+
+ - the ratio of reads to writes should be recorded. A ratio of 1:1
+ SHOULD be used.
+ - the reads and writes MUST be of cache-line size and be cache-line aligned.
+ - in NUMA architectures memory access SHOULD be local to the core's node.
+ Whether only local memory or a mix of local and remote memory is used
+ MUST be recorded.
+ - the memory bandwidth (reads plus writes) used per-core MUST be recorded;
+ the test MUST be run with a per-core memory bandwidth equal to half the
+ maximum system memory bandwidth divided by the number of cores. The test
+ MAY be run with other values for the per-core memory bandwidth.
+ - the test MAY also be run with the memory intensive application running
+ on all cores.
+
+ Under these conditions the DUT's 0% packet loss throughput is determined
+ as per LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio.
+
+ **Expected Result**:
+
+ **Metrics Collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - The DUT's 0% packet loss throughput in the presence of cache sharing and
+ memory bandwidth between processes.
+
+.. 3.2.2.3.3
+
+Test ID: LTD.Scalability.VNF.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: VNF Scalability RFC 2544 X% packet loss ratio Throughput and
+ Latency Test
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ This test determines the DUT's throughput rate with X% traffic loss for
+ a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed interval time) when the
+ number of VNFs on the DUT increases. The default loss percentages
+ to be tested are: - X = 0% - X = 10^-7% . The minimum number of
+ VNFs to be tested are 3.
+
+ Flow classification should be conducted with L2, L3 and L4 matching
+ to understand the matching and scaling capability of the vSwitch. The
+ matching fields which were used as part of the test should be reported
+ as part of the benchmark report.
+
+ The vSwitch is responsible for forwarding frames between the VNFs
+
+ The SUT (vSwitch and VNF daisy chain) operation should be validated
+ before running the test. This may be completed by running a burst or
+ continuous stream of traffic through the SUT to ensure proper operation
+ before a test.
+
+ **Note**: The traffic rate used to validate SUT operation should be low
+ enough not to stress the SUT.
+
+ **Note**: Other values can be tested if required by the user.
+
+ **Note**: The same VNF should be used in the "daisy chain" formation.
+ Each addition of a VNF should be conducted in a new test setup (The DUT
+ is brought down, then the DUT is brought up again). An atlernative approach
+ would be to continue to add VNFs without bringing down the DUT. The
+ approach used needs to be documented as part of the test report.
+
+ The selected frame sizes are those previously defined under
+ :ref:`default-test-parameters`.
+ The test can also be used to determine the average latency of the traffic.
+
+ Under the `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__
+ test methodology, the test duration will
+ include a number of trials; each trial should run for a minimum period
+ of 60 seconds. A binary search methodology must be applied for each
+ trial to obtain the final result for Throughput.
+
+ **Expected Result**: At the end of each trial, the presence or absence
+ of loss determines the modification of offered load for the next trial,
+ converging on a maximum rate, or
+ `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ Throughput with X%
+ loss.
+ The Throughput load is re-used in related
+ `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ tests and other
+ tests.
+
+ If the test VNFs are rather light-weight in terms of processing, the test
+ provides a view of multiple passes through the vswitch on logical
+ interfaces. In other words, the test produces an optimistic count of
+ daisy-chained VNFs, but the cumulative effect of traffic on the vSwitch is
+ "real" (assuming that the vSwitch has some dedicated resources, and the
+ effects on shared resources is understood).
+
+
+ **Metrics Collected**:
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - The maximum Throughput in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of
+ the DUT for each frame size with X% packet loss.
+ - The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through the DUT
+ and VNFs (if testing for latency, note that this average is different from the
+ test specified in Section 26.3 of
+ `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__).
+ - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
+ test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
+
+.. 3.2.2.3.4
+
+Test ID: LTD.Scalability.VNF.RFC2544.PacketLossProfile
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: VNF Scalability RFC 2544 Throughput and Latency Profile
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ This test reveals how throughput and latency degrades as the number
+ of VNFs increases and offered rate varies in the region of the DUT's
+ maximum forwarding rate as determined by
+ LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio (0% Packet Loss).
+ For example it can be used to determine if the degradation of throughput
+ and latency as the number of VNFs and offered rate increases is slow
+ and graceful, or sudden and severe. The minimum number of VNFs to
+ be tested is 3.
+
+ The selected frame sizes are those previously defined under
+ :ref:`default-test-parameters`.
+
+ The offered traffic rate is described as a percentage delta with respect
+ to the DUT's RFC 2544 Throughput as determined by
+ LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLoss Ratio (0% Packet Loss case). A delta
+ of 0% is equivalent to an offered traffic rate equal to the RFC 2544
+ Throughput; A delta of +50% indicates an offered rate half-way
+ between the Throughput and line-rate, whereas a delta of
+ -50% indicates an offered rate of half the maximum rate. Therefore the
+ range of the delta figure is natuarlly bounded at -100% (zero offered
+ traffic) and +100% (traffic offered at line rate).
+
+ The following deltas to the maximum forwarding rate should be applied:
+
+ - -50%, -10%, 0%, +10% & +50%
+
+ **Note**: Other values can be tested if required by the user.
+
+ **Note**: The same VNF should be used in the "daisy chain" formation.
+ Each addition of a VNF should be conducted in a new test setup (The DUT
+ is brought down, then the DUT is brought up again). An atlernative approach
+ would be to continue to add VNFs without bringing down the DUT. The
+ approach used needs to be documented as part of the test report.
+
+ Flow classification should be conducted with L2, L3 and L4 matching
+ to understand the matching and scaling capability of the vSwitch. The
+ matching fields which were used as part of the test should be reported
+ as part of the benchmark report.
+
+ The SUT (vSwitch and VNF daisy chain) operation should be validated
+ before running the test. This may be completed by running a burst or
+ continuous stream of traffic through the SUT to ensure proper operation
+ before a test.
+
+ **Note**: the traffic rate used to validate SUT operation should be low
+ enough not to stress the SUT
+
+ **Expected Result**: For each packet size a profile should be produced
+ of how throughput and latency vary with offered rate.
+
+ **Metrics Collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - The forwarding rate in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of the DUT
+ for each delta to the maximum forwarding rate and for each frame
+ size.
+ - The average latency for each delta to the maximum forwarding rate and
+ for each frame size.
+ - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
+ test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
+ - Any failures experienced (for example if the vSwitch crashes, stops
+ processing packets, restarts or becomes unresponsive to commands)
+ when the offered load is above Maximum Throughput MUST be recorded
+ and reported with the results.
+
+.. 3.2.2.4
+
+Activation tests
+----------------
+
+The general aim of these tests is to understand the capacity of the
+and speed with which the vswitch can accommodate new flows.
+
+.. 3.2.2.4.1
+
+Test ID: LTD.Activation.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC2889 Address Caching Capacity Test
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ Please note this test is only applicable to virtual switches that are capable of
+ MAC learning. The aim of this test is to determine the address caching
+ capacity of the DUT for a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed
+ interval time). The selected frame sizes are those previously defined
+ under :ref:`default-test-parameters`.
+
+ In order to run this test the aging time, that is the maximum time the
+ DUT will keep a learned address in its flow table, and a set of initial
+ addresses, whose value should be >= 1 and <= the max number supported by
+ the implementation must be known. Please note that if the aging time is
+ configurable it must be longer than the time necessary to produce frames
+ from the external source at the specified rate. If the aging time is
+ fixed the frame rate must be brought down to a value that the external
+ source can produce in a time that is less than the aging time.
+
+ Learning Frames should be sent from an external source to the DUT to
+ install a number of flows. The Learning Frames must have a fixed
+ destination address and must vary the source address of the frames. The
+ DUT should install flows in its flow table based on the varying source
+ addresses. Frames should then be transmitted from an external source at
+ a suitable frame rate to see if the DUT has properly learned all of the
+ addresses. If there is no frame loss and no flooding, the number of
+ addresses sent to the DUT should be increased and the test is repeated
+ until the max number of cached addresses supported by the DUT
+ determined.
+
+ **Expected Result**:
+
+ **Metrics collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - Number of cached addresses supported by the DUT.
+ - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
+ test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
+
+ **Deployment scenario**:
+
+ - Physical → virtual switch → 2 x physical (one receiving, one listening).
+
+.. 3.2.2.4.2
+
+Test ID: LTD.Activation.RFC2889.AddressLearningRate
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC2889 Address Learning Rate Test
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**: LTD.Memory.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ Please note this test is only applicable to virtual switches that are capable of
+ MAC learning. The aim of this test is to determine the rate of address
+ learning of the DUT for a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed
+ interval time). The selected frame sizes are those previously defined
+ under :ref:`default-test-parameters`, traffic should be
+ sent with each IPv4/IPv6 address incremented by one. The rate at which
+ the DUT learns a new address should be measured. The maximum caching
+ capacity from LTD.Memory.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity should be taken
+ into consideration as the maximum number of addresses for which the
+ learning rate can be obtained.
+
+ **Expected Result**: It may be worthwhile to report the behaviour when
+ operating beyond address capacity - some DUTs may be more friendly to
+ new addresses than others.
+
+ **Metrics collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - The address learning rate of the DUT.
+
+ **Deployment scenario**:
+
+ - Physical → virtual switch → 2 x physical (one receiving, one listening).
+
+.. 3.2.2.5
+
+Coupling between control path and datapath Tests
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The following tests aim to determine how tightly coupled the datapath
+and the control path are within a virtual switch. The following list
+is not exhaustive but should indicate the type of tests that should be
+required. It is expected that more will be added.
+
+.. 3.2.2.5.1
+
+Test ID: LTD.CPDPCouplingFlowAddition
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: Control Path and Datapath Coupling
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**:
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ The aim of this test is to understand how exercising the DUT's control
+ path affects datapath performance.
+
+ Initially a certain number of flow table entries are installed in the
+ vSwitch. Then over the duration of an RFC2544 throughput test
+ flow-entries are added and removed at the rates specified below. No
+ traffic is 'hitting' these flow-entries, they are simply added and
+ removed.
+
+ The test MUST be repeated with the following initial number of
+ flow-entries installed: - < 10 - 1000 - 100,000 - 10,000,000 (or the
+ maximum supported number of flow-entries)
+
+ The test MUST be repeated with the following rates of flow-entry
+ addition and deletion per second: - 0 - 1 (i.e. 1 addition plus 1
+ deletion) - 100 - 10,000
+
+ **Expected Result**:
+
+ **Metrics Collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - The maximum forwarding rate in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of
+ the DUT.
+ - The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through the DUT
+ (if testing for latency, note that this average is different from the
+ test specified in Section 26.3 of
+ `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__).
+ - CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
+ test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
+
+ **Deployment scenario**:
+
+ - Physical → virtual switch → physical.
+
+.. 3.2.2.6
+
+CPU and memory consumption
+--------------------------
+
+The following tests will profile a virtual switch's CPU and memory
+utilization under various loads and circumstances. The following
+list is not exhaustive but should indicate the type of tests that
+should be required. It is expected that more will be added.
+
+.. 3.2.2.6.1
+
+.. _CPU0PacketLoss:
+
+Test ID: LTD.Stress.RFC2544.0PacketLoss
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ **Title**: RFC 2544 0% Loss CPU OR Memory Stress Test
+
+ **Prerequisite Test**:
+
+ **Priority**:
+
+ **Description**:
+
+ The aim of this test is to understand the overall performance of the
+ system when a CPU or Memory intensive application is run on the same DUT as
+ the Virtual Switch. For each frame size, an
+ LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio (0% Packet Loss) test should be
+ performed. Throughout the entire test a CPU or Memory intensive application
+ should be run on all cores on the system not in use by the Virtual Switch.
+ For NUMA system only cores on the same NUMA node are loaded.
+
+ It is recommended that stress-ng be used for loading the non-Virtual
+ Switch cores but any stress tool MAY be used.
+
+ **Expected Result**:
+
+ **Metrics Collected**:
+
+ The following are the metrics collected for this test:
+
+ - Memory and CPU utilization of the cores running the Virtual Switch.
+ - The number of identity of the cores allocated to the Virtual Switch.
+ - The configuration of the stress tool (for example the command line
+ parameters used to start it.)
+
+ **Note:** Stress in the test ID can be replaced with the name of the
+ component being stressed, when reporting the results:
+ LTD.CPU.RFC2544.0PacketLoss or LTD.Memory.RFC2544.0PacketLoss
+
+.. 3.2.2.7
+
+Summary List of Tests
+---------------------
+
+1. Throughput tests
+
+ - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio
+ - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatioFrameModification
+ - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.Profile
+ - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.SystemRecoveryTime
+ - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.BackToBackFrames
+ - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.Soak
+ - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.SoakFrameModification
+ - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC6201.ResetTime
+ - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate
+ - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.ForwardPressure
+ - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.ErrorFramesFiltering
+ - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.BroadcastFrameForwarding
+ - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.WorstN-BestN
+ - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.Overlay.Network.<tech>.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio
+
+2. Packet Latency tests
+
+ - Test ID: LTD.PacketLatency.InitialPacketProcessingLatency
+ - Test ID: LTD.PacketDelayVariation.RFC3393.Soak
+
+3. Scalability tests
+
+ - Test ID: LTD.Scalability.Flows.RFC2544.0PacketLoss
+ - Test ID: LTD.MemoryBandwidth.RFC2544.0PacketLoss.Scalability
+ - LTD.Scalability.VNF.RFC2544.PacketLossProfile
+ - LTD.Scalability.VNF.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio
+
+4. Activation tests
+
+ - Test ID: LTD.Activation.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity
+ - Test ID: LTD.Activation.RFC2889.AddressLearningRate
+
+5. Coupling between control path and datapath Tests
+
+ - Test ID: LTD.CPDPCouplingFlowAddition
+
+6. CPU and memory consumption
+
+ - Test ID: LTD.Stress.RFC2544.0PacketLoss
diff --git a/docs/requirements/vswitchperf_ltp.rst b/docs/requirements/vswitchperf_ltp.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b74d676
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/requirements/vswitchperf_ltp.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,1348 @@
+.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
+.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
+.. (c) OPNFV, Intel Corporation, AT&T and others.
+
+.. 3.1
+
+*****************************
+VSPERF LEVEL TEST PLAN (LTP)
+*****************************
+
+===============
+Introduction
+===============
+
+The objective of the OPNFV project titled
+**Characterize vSwitch Performance for Telco NFV Use Cases**, is to
+evaluate the performance of virtual switches to identify its suitability for a
+Telco Network Function Virtualization (NFV) environment. The intention of this
+Level Test Plan (LTP) document is to specify the scope, approach, resources,
+and schedule of the virtual switch performance benchmarking activities in
+OPNFV. The test cases will be identified in a separate document called the
+Level Test Design (LTD) document.
+
+This document is currently in draft form.
+
+.. 3.1.1
+
+
+.. _doc-id:
+
+Document identifier
+=========================
+
+The document id will be used to uniquely identify versions of the LTP. The
+format for the document id will be: OPNFV\_vswitchperf\_LTP\_REL\_STATUS, where
+by the status is one of: draft, reviewed, corrected or final. The document id
+for this version of the LTP is: OPNFV\_vswitchperf\_LTP\_Colorado\_REVIEWED.
+
+.. 3.1.2
+
+.. _scope:
+
+Scope
+==========
+
+The main purpose of this project is to specify a suite of
+performance tests in order to objectively measure the current packet
+transfer characteristics of a virtual switch in the NFVI. The intent of
+the project is to facilitate the performance testing of any virtual switch.
+Thus, a generic suite of tests shall be developed, with no hard dependencies to
+a single implementation. In addition, the test case suite shall be
+architecture independent.
+
+The test cases developed in this project shall not form part of a
+separate test framework, all of these tests may be inserted into the
+Continuous Integration Test Framework and/or the Platform Functionality
+Test Framework - if a vSwitch becomes a standard component of an OPNFV
+release.
+
+.. 3.1.3
+
+References
+===============
+
+* `RFC 1242 Benchmarking Terminology for Network Interconnection
+ Devices <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1242.txt>`__
+* `RFC 2544 Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect
+ Devices <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__
+* `RFC 2285 Benchmarking Terminology for LAN Switching
+ Devices <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2285.txt>`__
+* `RFC 2889 Benchmarking Methodology for LAN Switching
+ Devices <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2889.txt>`__
+* `RFC 3918 Methodology for IP Multicast
+ Benchmarking <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3918.txt>`__
+* `RFC 4737 Packet Reordering
+ Metrics <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4737.txt>`__
+* `RFC 5481 Packet Delay Variation Applicability
+ Statement <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__
+* `RFC 6201 Device Reset
+ Characterization <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6201>`__
+
+.. 3.1.4
+
+Level in the overall sequence
+===============================
+The level of testing conducted by vswitchperf in the overall testing sequence (among
+all the testing projects in OPNFV) is the performance benchmarking of a
+specific component (the vswitch) in the OPNFV platfrom. It's expected that this
+testing will follow on from the functional and integration testing conducted by
+other testing projects in OPNFV, namely Functest and Yardstick.
+
+.. 3.1.5
+
+Test classes and overall test conditions
+=========================================
+A benchmark is defined by the IETF as: A standardized test that serves as a
+basis for performance evaluation and comparison. It's important to note that
+benchmarks are not Functional tests. They do not provide PASS/FAIL criteria,
+and most importantly ARE NOT performed on live networks, or performed with live
+network traffic.
+
+In order to determine the packet transfer characteristics of a virtual switch,
+the benchmarking tests will be broken down into the following categories:
+
+- **Throughput Tests** to measure the maximum forwarding rate (in
+ frames per second or fps) and bit rate (in Mbps) for a constant load
+ (as defined by `RFC1242 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1242.txt>`__)
+ without traffic loss.
+- **Packet and Frame Delay Tests** to measure average, min and max
+ packet and frame delay for constant loads.
+- **Stream Performance Tests** (TCP, UDP) to measure bulk data transfer
+ performance, i.e. how fast systems can send and receive data through
+ the virtual switch.
+- **Request/Response Performance** Tests (TCP, UDP) the measure the
+ transaction rate through the virtual switch.
+- **Packet Delay Tests** to understand latency distribution for
+ different packet sizes and over an extended test run to uncover
+ outliers.
+- **Scalability Tests** to understand how the virtual switch performs
+ as the number of flows, active ports, complexity of the forwarding
+ logic's configuration... it has to deal with increases.
+- **Control Path and Datapath Coupling** Tests, to understand how
+ closely coupled the datapath and the control path are as well as the
+ effect of this coupling on the performance of the DUT.
+- **CPU and Memory Consumption Tests** to understand the virtual
+ switch’s footprint on the system, this includes:
+
+ * CPU core utilization.
+ * CPU cache utilization.
+ * Memory footprint.
+ * System bus (QPI, PCI, ..) utilization.
+ * Memory lanes utilization.
+ * CPU cycles consumed per packet.
+ * Time To Establish Flows Tests.
+
+- **Noisy Neighbour Tests**, to understand the effects of resource
+ sharing on the performance of a virtual switch.
+
+**Note:** some of the tests above can be conducted simultaneously where
+the combined results would be insightful, for example Packet/Frame Delay
+and Scalability.
+
+
+
+.. 3.2
+
+.. _details-of-LTP:
+
+===================================
+Details of the Level Test Plan
+===================================
+
+This section describes the following items:
+* Test items and their identifiers (TestItems_)
+* Test Traceability Matrix (TestMatrix_)
+* Features to be tested (FeaturesToBeTested_)
+* Features not to be tested (FeaturesNotToBeTested_)
+* Approach (Approach_)
+* Item pass/fail criteria (PassFailCriteria_)
+* Suspension criteria and resumption requirements (SuspensionResumptionReqs_)
+
+.. 3.2.1
+
+.. _TestItems:
+
+Test items and their identifiers
+==================================
+The test item/application vsperf is trying to test are virtual switches and in
+particular their performance in an nfv environment. vsperf will first try to
+measure the maximum achievable performance by a virtual switch and then it will
+focus in on usecases that are as close to real life deployment scenarios as
+possible.
+
+.. 3.2.2
+
+.. _TestMatrix:
+
+Test Traceability Matrix
+==========================
+vswitchperf leverages the "3x3" matrix (introduced in
+https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-bmwg-virtual-net-02) to achieve test
+traceability. The matrix was expanded to 3x4 to accommodate scale metrics when
+displaying the coverage of many metrics/benchmarks). Test case covreage in the
+LTD is tracked using the following catagories:
+
+
++---------------+-------------+------------+---------------+-------------+
+| | | | | |
+| | SPEED | ACCURACY | RELIABILITY | SCALE |
+| | | | | |
++---------------+-------------+------------+---------------+-------------+
+| | | | | |
+| Activation | X | X | X | X |
+| | | | | |
++---------------+-------------+------------+---------------+-------------+
+| | | | | |
+| Operation | X | X | X | X |
+| | | | | |
++---------------+-------------+------------+---------------+-------------+
+| | | | | |
+| De-activation | | | | |
+| | | | | |
++---------------+-------------+------------+---------------+-------------+
+
+X = denotes a test catagory that has 1 or more test cases defined.
+
+.. 3.2.3
+
+.. _FeaturesToBeTested:
+
+Features to be tested
+==========================
+
+Characterizing virtual switches (i.e. Device Under Test (DUT) in this document)
+includes measuring the following performance metrics:
+
+- **Throughput** as defined by `RFC1242
+ <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1242.txt>`__: The maximum rate at which
+ **none** of the offered frames are dropped by the DUT. The maximum frame
+ rate and bit rate that can be transmitted by the DUT without any error
+ should be recorded. Note there is an equivalent bit rate and a specific
+ layer at which the payloads contribute to the bits. Errors and
+ improperly formed frames or packets are dropped.
+- **Packet delay** introduced by the DUT and its cumulative effect on
+ E2E networks. Frame delay can be measured equivalently.
+- **Packet delay variation**: measured from the perspective of the
+ VNF/application. Packet delay variation is sometimes called "jitter".
+ However, we will avoid the term "jitter" as the term holds different
+ meaning to different groups of people. In this document we will
+ simply use the term packet delay variation. The preferred form for this
+ metric is the PDV form of delay variation defined in `RFC5481
+ <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__. The most relevant
+ measurement of PDV considers the delay variation of a single user flow,
+ as this will be relevant to the size of end-system buffers to compensate
+ for delay variation. The measurement system's ability to store the
+ delays of individual packets in the flow of interest is a key factor
+ that determines the specific measurement method. At the outset, it is
+ ideal to view the complete PDV distribution. Systems that can capture
+ and store packets and their delays have the freedom to calculate the
+ reference minimum delay and to determine various quantiles of the PDV
+ distribution accurately (in post-measurement processing routines).
+ Systems without storage must apply algorithms to calculate delay and
+ statistical measurements on the fly. For example, a system may store
+ temporary estimates of the mimimum delay and the set of (100) packets
+ with the longest delays during measurement (to calculate a high quantile,
+ and update these sets with new values periodically.
+ In some cases, a limited number of delay histogram bins will be
+ available, and the bin limits will need to be set using results from
+ repeated experiments. See section 8 of `RFC5481
+ <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__.
+- **Packet loss** (within a configured waiting time at the receiver): All
+ packets sent to the DUT should be accounted for.
+- **Burst behaviour**: measures the ability of the DUT to buffer packets.
+- **Packet re-ordering**: measures the ability of the device under test to
+ maintain sending order throughout transfer to the destination.
+- **Packet correctness**: packets or Frames must be well-formed, in that
+ they include all required fields, conform to length requirements, pass
+ integrity checks, etc.
+- **Availability and capacity** of the DUT i.e. when the DUT is fully “up”
+ and connected, following measurements should be captured for
+ DUT without any network packet load:
+
+ - Includes average power consumption of the CPUs (in various power states) and
+ system over specified period of time. Time period should not be less
+ than 60 seconds.
+ - Includes average per core CPU utilization over specified period of time.
+ Time period should not be less than 60 seconds.
+ - Includes the number of NIC interfaces supported.
+ - Includes headroom of VM workload processing cores (i.e. available
+ for applications).
+
+.. 3.2.4
+
+.. _FeaturesNotToBeTested:
+
+Features not to be tested
+==========================
+vsperf doesn't intend to define or perform any functional tests. The aim is to
+focus on performance.
+
+.. 3.2.5
+
+.. _Approach:
+
+Approach
+==============
+The testing approach adoped by the vswitchperf project is black box testing,
+meaning the test inputs can be generated and the outputs captured and
+completely evaluated from the outside of the System Under Test. Some metrics
+can be collected on the SUT, such as cpu or memory utilization if the
+collection has no/minimal impact on benchmark.
+This section will look at the deployment scenarios and the general methodology
+used by vswitchperf. In addition, this section will also specify the details of
+the Test Report that must be collected for each of the test cases.
+
+.. 3.2.5.1
+
+Deployment Scenarios
+--------------------------
+The following represents possible deployment test scenarios which can
+help to determine the performance of both the virtual switch and the
+datapaths to physical ports (to NICs) and to logical ports (to VNFs):
+
+.. 3.2.5.1.1
+
+.. _Phy2Phy:
+
+Physical port → vSwitch → physical port
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ _
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +--------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | v | | Host
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +---+--------------+------------+--------------+---+ _|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+
+.. 3.2.5.1.2
+
+.. _PVP:
+
+Physical port → vSwitch → VNF → vSwitch → physical port
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ _
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | ^ : | |
+ | | | | | Guest
+ | : v | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port 0| | logical port 1| | |
+ +---+---------------+-----------+---------------+---+ _|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v _
+ +---+---------------+----------+---------------+---+ |
+ | | logical port 0| | logical port 1| | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ : | |
+ | | | | | Host
+ | : v | |
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +---+--------------+------------+--------------+---+ _|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+
+.. 3.2.5.1.3
+
+.. _PVVP:
+
+Physical port → vSwitch → VNF → vSwitch → VNF → vSwitch → physical port
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ _
+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+ |
+ | Guest 1 | | Guest 2 | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | | | Application | | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | | | ^ | | |
+ | | v | | | v | | Guests
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical ports | | | | logical ports | | |
+ | | 0 1 | | | | 0 1 | | |
+ +---+---------------+--+ +---+---------------+--+ _|
+ ^ : ^ :
+ | | | |
+ : v : v _
+ +---+---------------+---------+---------------+--+ |
+ | | 0 1 | | 3 4 | | |
+ | | logical ports | | logical ports | | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | ^ | | | Host
+ | | L-----------------+ v | |
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy ports | vSwitch | phy ports | | |
+ +---+--------------+----------+--------------+---+ _|
+ ^ ^ : :
+ | | | |
+ : : v v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+
+.. 3.2.5.1.4
+
+Physical port → VNF → vSwitch → VNF → physical port
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ _
+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+ |
+ | Guest 1 | | Guest 2 | |
+ |+-------------------+ | | +-------------------+| |
+ || Application | | | | Application || |
+ |+-------------------+ | | +-------------------+| |
+ | ^ | | | ^ | | | Guests
+ | | v | | | v | |
+ |+-------------------+ | | +-------------------+| |
+ || logical ports | | | | logical ports || |
+ || 0 1 | | | | 0 1 || |
+ ++--------------------++ ++--------------------++ _|
+ ^ : ^ :
+ (PCI passthrough) | | (PCI passthrough)
+ | v : | _
+ +--------++------------+-+------------++---------+ |
+ | | || 0 | | 1 || | | |
+ | | ||logical port| |logical port|| | | |
+ | | |+------------+ +------------+| | | |
+ | | | | ^ | | | |
+ | | | L-----------------+ | | | |
+ | | | | | | | Host
+ | | | vSwitch | | | |
+ | | +-----------------------------+ | | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | v | |
+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port/VF | | phy port/VF | | |
+ +-+--------------+--------------+--------------+-+ _|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+
+.. 3.2.5.1.5
+
+Physical port → vSwitch → VNF
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ _
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | ^ | |
+ | | | | Guest
+ | : | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port 0| | |
+ +---+---------------+-------------------------------+ _|
+ ^
+ |
+ : _
+ +---+---------------+------------------------------+ |
+ | | logical port 0| | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | |
+ | | | | Host
+ | : | |
+ | +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy port | vSwitch | |
+ +---+--------------+------------ -------------- ---+ _|
+ ^
+ |
+ :
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+
+.. 3.2.5.1.6
+
+VNF → vSwitch → physical port
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ _
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | |
+ | +-------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | : | |
+ | | | | Guest
+ | v | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port | | |
+ +-------------------------------+---------------+---+ _|
+ :
+ |
+ v _
+ +------------------------------+---------------+---+ |
+ | | logical port | | |
+ | +---------------+ | |
+ | : | |
+ | | | | Host
+ | v | |
+ | +--------------+ | |
+ | vSwitch | phy port | | |
+ +-------------------------------+--------------+---+ _|
+ :
+ |
+ v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+
+.. 3.2.5.1.7
+
+VNF → vSwitch → VNF → vSwitch
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ _
+ +-------------------------+ +-------------------------+ |
+ | Guest 1 | | Guest 2 | |
+ | +-----------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | | | Application | | |
+ | +-----------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
+ | : | | ^ | |
+ | | | | | | | Guest
+ | v | | : | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical port 0| | | | logical port 0| | |
+ +-----+---------------+---+ +---+---------------+-----+ _|
+ : ^
+ | |
+ v : _
+ +----+---------------+------------+---------------+-----+ |
+ | | port 0 | | port 1 | | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | : ^ | |
+ | | | | | Host
+ | +--------------------+ | |
+ | | |
+ | vswitch | |
+ +-------------------------------------------------------+ _|
+
+.. 3.2.5.1.8
+
+HOST 1(Physical port → virtual switch → VNF → virtual switch → Physical port)
+→ HOST 2(Physical port → virtual switch → VNF → virtual switch → Physical port)
+
+HOST 1 (PVP) → HOST 2 (PVP)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ _
+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+ |
+ | Guest 1 | | Guest 2 | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | Application | | | | Application | | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | | | ^ | | |
+ | | v | | | v | | Guests
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | | logical ports | | | | logical ports | | |
+ | | 0 1 | | | | 0 1 | | |
+ +---+---------------+--+ +---+---------------+--+ _|
+ ^ : ^ :
+ | | | |
+ : v : v _
+ +---+---------------+--+ +---+---------------+--+ |
+ | | 0 1 | | | | 3 4 | | |
+ | | logical ports | | | | logical ports | | |
+ | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
+ | ^ | | | ^ | | | Hosts
+ | | v | | | v | |
+ | +--------------+ | | +--------------+ | |
+ | | phy ports | | | | phy ports | | |
+ +---+--------------+---+ +---+--------------+---+ _|
+ ^ : : :
+ | +-----------------+ |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+**Note:** For tests where the traffic generator and/or measurement
+receiver are implemented on VM and connected to the virtual switch
+through vNIC, the issues of shared resources and interactions between
+the measurement devices and the device under test must be considered.
+
+**Note:** Some RFC 2889 tests require a full-mesh sending and receiving
+pattern involving more than two ports. This possibility is illustrated in the
+Physical port → vSwitch → VNF → vSwitch → VNF → vSwitch → physical port
+diagram above (with 2 sending and 2 receiving ports, though all ports
+could be used bi-directionally).
+
+**Note:** When Deployment Scenarios are used in RFC 2889 address learning
+or cache capacity testing, an additional port from the vSwitch must be
+connected to the test device. This port is used to listen for flooded
+frames.
+
+.. 3.2.5.2
+
+General Methodology:
+--------------------------
+To establish the baseline performance of the virtual switch, tests would
+initially be run with a simple workload in the VNF (the recommended
+simple workload VNF would be `DPDK <http://www.dpdk.org/>`__'s testpmd
+application forwarding packets in a VM or vloop\_vnf a simple kernel
+module that forwards traffic between two network interfaces inside the
+virtualized environment while bypassing the networking stack).
+Subsequently, the tests would also be executed with a real Telco
+workload running in the VNF, which would exercise the virtual switch in
+the context of higher level Telco NFV use cases, and prove that its
+underlying characteristics and behaviour can be measured and validated.
+Suitable real Telco workload VNFs are yet to be identified.
+
+.. 3.2.5.2.1
+
+.. _default-test-parameters:
+
+Default Test Parameters
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The following list identifies the default parameters for suite of
+tests:
+
+- Reference application: Simple forwarding or Open Source VNF.
+- Frame size (bytes): 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280, 1518, 2K, 4k OR
+ Packet size based on use-case (e.g. RTP 64B, 256B) OR Mix of packet sizes as
+ maintained by the Functest project <https://wiki.opnfv.org/traffic_profile_management>.
+- Reordering check: Tests should confirm that packets within a flow are
+ not reordered.
+- Duplex: Unidirectional / Bidirectional. Default: Full duplex with
+ traffic transmitting in both directions, as network traffic generally
+ does not flow in a single direction. By default the data rate of
+ transmitted traffic should be the same in both directions, please
+ note that asymmetric traffic (e.g. downlink-heavy) tests will be
+ mentioned explicitly for the relevant test cases.
+- Number of Flows: Default for non scalability tests is a single flow.
+ For scalability tests the goal is to test with maximum supported
+ flows but where possible will test up to 10 Million flows. Start with
+ a single flow and scale up. By default flows should be added
+ sequentially, tests that add flows simultaneously will explicitly
+ call out their flow addition behaviour. Packets are generated across
+ the flows uniformly with no burstiness. For multi-core tests should
+ consider the number of packet flows based on vSwitch/VNF multi-thread
+ implementation and behavior.
+
+- Traffic Types: UDP, SCTP, RTP, GTP and UDP traffic.
+- Deployment scenarios are:
+- Physical → virtual switch → physical.
+- Physical → virtual switch → VNF → virtual switch → physical.
+- Physical → virtual switch → VNF → virtual switch → VNF → virtual
+ switch → physical.
+- Physical → VNF → virtual switch → VNF → physical.
+- Physical → virtual switch → VNF.
+- VNF → virtual switch → Physical.
+- VNF → virtual switch → VNF.
+
+Tests MUST have these parameters unless otherwise stated. **Test cases
+with non default parameters will be stated explicitly**.
+
+**Note**: For throughput tests unless stated otherwise, test
+configurations should ensure that traffic traverses the installed flows
+through the virtual switch, i.e. flows are installed and have an appropriate
+time out that doesn't expire before packet transmission starts.
+
+.. 3.2.5.2.2
+
+Flow Classification
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Virtual switches classify packets into flows by processing and matching
+particular header fields in the packet/frame and/or the input port where
+the packets/frames arrived. The vSwitch then carries out an action on
+the group of packets that match the classification parameters. Thus a
+flow is considered to be a sequence of packets that have a shared set of
+header field values or have arrived on the same port and have the same
+action applied to them. Performance results can vary based on the
+parameters the vSwitch uses to match for a flow. The recommended flow
+classification parameters for L3 vSwitch performance tests are: the
+input port, the source IP address, the destination IP address and the
+Ethernet protocol type field. It is essential to increase the flow
+time-out time on a vSwitch before conducting any performance tests that
+do not measure the flow set-up time. Normally the first packet of a
+particular flow will install the flow in the vSwitch which adds an
+additional latency, subsequent packets of the same flow are not subject
+to this latency if the flow is already installed on the vSwitch.
+
+.. 3.2.5.2.3
+
+Test Priority
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Tests will be assigned a priority in order to determine which tests
+should be implemented immediately and which tests implementations
+can be deferred.
+
+Priority can be of following types: - Urgent: Must be implemented
+immediately. - High: Must be implemented in the next release. - Medium:
+May be implemented after the release. - Low: May or may not be
+implemented at all.
+
+.. 3.2.5.2.4
+
+SUT Setup
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The SUT should be configured to its "default" state. The
+SUT's configuration or set-up must not change between tests in any way
+other than what is required to do the test. All supported protocols must
+be configured and enabled for each test set up.
+
+.. 3.2.5.2.5
+
+Port Configuration
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The DUT should be configured with n ports where
+n is a multiple of 2. Half of the ports on the DUT should be used as
+ingress ports and the other half of the ports on the DUT should be used
+as egress ports. Where a DUT has more than 2 ports, the ingress data
+streams should be set-up so that they transmit packets to the egress
+ports in sequence so that there is an even distribution of traffic
+across ports. For example, if a DUT has 4 ports 0(ingress), 1(ingress),
+2(egress) and 3(egress), the traffic stream directed at port 0 should
+output a packet to port 2 followed by a packet to port 3. The traffic
+stream directed at port 1 should also output a packet to port 2 followed
+by a packet to port 3.
+
+.. 3.2.5.2.6
+
+Frame Formats
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+**Frame formats Layer 2 (data link layer) protocols**
+
+- Ethernet II
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ +---------------------------+-----------+
+ | Ethernet Header | Payload | Check Sum |
+ +-----------------+---------+-----------+
+ |_________________|_________|___________|
+ 14 Bytes 46 - 1500 4 Bytes
+ Bytes
+
+
+**Layer 3 (network layer) protocols**
+
+- IPv4
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ +-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
+ | Ethernet Header | IP Header | Payload | Checksum |
+ +-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
+ |_________________|___________|_________|___________|
+ 14 Bytes 20 bytes 26 - 1480 4 Bytes
+ Bytes
+
+- IPv6
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ +-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
+ | Ethernet Header | IP Header | Payload | Checksum |
+ +-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
+ |_________________|___________|_________|___________|
+ 14 Bytes 40 bytes 26 - 1460 4 Bytes
+ Bytes
+
+**Layer 4 (transport layer) protocols**
+
+ - TCP
+ - UDP
+ - SCTP
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ +-----------------+-----------+-----------------+---------+-----------+
+ | Ethernet Header | IP Header | Layer 4 Header | Payload | Checksum |
+ +-----------------+-----------+-----------------+---------+-----------+
+ |_________________|___________|_________________|_________|___________|
+ 14 Bytes 40 bytes 20 Bytes 6 - 1460 4 Bytes
+ Bytes
+
+
+**Layer 5 (application layer) protocols**
+
+ - RTP
+ - GTP
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+ +-----------------+-----------+-----------------+---------+-----------+
+ | Ethernet Header | IP Header | Layer 4 Header | Payload | Checksum |
+ +-----------------+-----------+-----------------+---------+-----------+
+ |_________________|___________|_________________|_________|___________|
+ 14 Bytes 20 bytes 20 Bytes >= 6 Bytes 4 Bytes
+
+.. 3.2.5.2.7
+
+Packet Throughput
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+There is a difference between an Ethernet frame,
+an IP packet, and a UDP datagram. In the seven-layer OSI model of
+computer networking, packet refers to a data unit at layer 3 (network
+layer). The correct term for a data unit at layer 2 (data link layer) is
+a frame, and at layer 4 (transport layer) is a segment or datagram.
+
+Important concepts related to 10GbE performance are frame rate and
+throughput. The MAC bit rate of 10GbE, defined in the IEEE standard 802
+.3ae, is 10 billion bits per second. Frame rate is based on the bit rate
+and frame format definitions. Throughput, defined in IETF RFC 1242, is
+the highest rate at which the system under test can forward the offered
+load, without loss.
+
+The frame rate for 10GbE is determined by a formula that divides the 10
+billion bits per second by the preamble + frame length + inter-frame
+gap.
+
+The maximum frame rate is calculated using the minimum values of the
+following parameters, as described in the IEEE 802 .3ae standard:
+
+- Preamble: 8 bytes \* 8 = 64 bits
+- Frame Length: 64 bytes (minimum) \* 8 = 512 bits
+- Inter-frame Gap: 12 bytes (minimum) \* 8 = 96 bits
+
+Therefore, Maximum Frame Rate (64B Frames)
+= MAC Transmit Bit Rate / (Preamble + Frame Length + Inter-frame Gap)
+= 10,000,000,000 / (64 + 512 + 96)
+= 10,000,000,000 / 672
+= 14,880,952.38 frame per second (fps)
+
+.. 3.2.5.3
+
+RFCs for testing virtual switch performance
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+The starting point for defining the suite of tests for benchmarking the
+performance of a virtual switch is to take existing RFCs and standards
+that were designed to test their physical counterparts and adapting them
+for testing virtual switches. The rationale behind this is to establish
+a fair comparison between the performance of virtual and physical
+switches. This section outlines the RFCs that are used by this
+specification.
+
+.. 3.2.5.3.1
+
+RFC 1242 Benchmarking Terminology for Network Interconnection
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Devices RFC 1242 defines the terminology that is used in describing
+performance benchmarking tests and their results. Definitions and
+discussions covered include: Back-to-back, bridge, bridge/router,
+constant load, data link frame size, frame loss rate, inter frame gap,
+latency, and many more.
+
+.. 3.2.5.3.2
+
+RFC 2544 Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+RFC 2544 outlines a benchmarking methodology for network Interconnect
+Devices. The methodology results in performance metrics such as latency,
+frame loss percentage, and maximum data throughput.
+
+In this document network “throughput” (measured in millions of frames
+per second) is based on RFC 2544, unless otherwise noted. Frame size
+refers to Ethernet frames ranging from smallest frames of 64 bytes to
+largest frames of 9K bytes.
+
+Types of tests are:
+
+1. Throughput test defines the maximum number of frames per second
+ that can be transmitted without any error, or 0% loss ratio.
+ In some Throughput tests (and those tests with long duration),
+ evaluation of an additional frame loss ratio is suggested. The
+ current ratio (10^-7 %) is based on understanding the typical
+ user-to-user packet loss ratio needed for good application
+ performance and recognizing that a single transfer through a
+ vswitch must contribute a tiny fraction of user-to-user loss.
+ Further, the ratio 10^-7 % also recognizes practical limitations
+ when measuring loss ratio.
+
+2. Latency test measures the time required for a frame to travel from
+ the originating device through the network to the destination device.
+ Please note that RFC2544 Latency measurement will be superseded with
+ a measurement of average latency over all successfully transferred
+ packets or frames.
+
+3. Frame loss test measures the network’s
+ response in overload conditions - a critical indicator of the
+ network’s ability to support real-time applications in which a
+ large amount of frame loss will rapidly degrade service quality.
+
+4. Burst test assesses the buffering capability of a virtual switch. It
+ measures the maximum number of frames received at full line rate
+ before a frame is lost. In carrier Ethernet networks, this
+ measurement validates the excess information rate (EIR) as defined in
+ many SLAs.
+
+5. System recovery to characterize speed of recovery from an overload
+ condition.
+
+6. Reset to characterize speed of recovery from device or software
+ reset. This type of test has been updated by `RFC6201
+ <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6201.txt>`__ as such,
+ the methodology defined by this specification will be that of RFC 6201.
+
+Although not included in the defined RFC 2544 standard, another crucial
+measurement in Ethernet networking is packet delay variation. The
+definition set out by this specification comes from
+`RFC5481 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__.
+
+.. 3.2.5.3.3
+
+RFC 2285 Benchmarking Terminology for LAN Switching Devices
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+RFC 2285 defines the terminology that is used to describe the
+terminology for benchmarking a LAN switching device. It extends RFC
+1242 and defines: DUTs, SUTs, Traffic orientation and distribution,
+bursts, loads, forwarding rates, etc.
+
+.. 3.2.5.3.4
+
+RFC 2889 Benchmarking Methodology for LAN Switching
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+RFC 2889 outlines a benchmarking methodology for LAN switching, it
+extends RFC 2544. The outlined methodology gathers performance
+metrics for forwarding, congestion control, latency, address handling
+and finally filtering.
+
+.. 3.2.5.3.5
+
+RFC 3918 Methodology for IP Multicast Benchmarking
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+RFC 3918 outlines a methodology for IP Multicast benchmarking.
+
+.. 3.2.5.3.6
+
+RFC 4737 Packet Reordering Metrics
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+RFC 4737 describes metrics for identifying and counting re-ordered
+packets within a stream, and metrics to measure the extent each
+packet has been re-ordered.
+
+.. 3.2.5.3.7
+
+RFC 5481 Packet Delay Variation Applicability Statement
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+RFC 5481 defined two common, but different forms of delay variation
+metrics, and compares the metrics over a range of networking
+circumstances and tasks. The most suitable form for vSwitch
+benchmarking is the "PDV" form.
+
+.. 3.2.5.3.8
+
+RFC 6201 Device Reset Characterization
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+RFC 6201 extends the methodology for characterizing the speed of
+recovery of the DUT from device or software reset described in RFC
+2544.
+
+.. 3.2.6:
+
+.. _PassFailCriteria:
+
+Item pass/fail criteria
+=========================
+
+vswitchperf does not specify Pass/Fail criteria for the tests in terms of a
+threshold, as benchmarks do not (and should not do this). The results/metrics
+for a test are simply reported. If it had to be defined, a test is considered
+to have passed if it succesfully completed and a relavent metric was
+recorded/reported for the SUT.
+
+.. 3.2.7:
+
+.. _SuspensionResumptionReqs:
+
+Suspension criteria and resumption requirements
+================================================
+In the case of a throughput test, a test should be suspended if a virtual
+switch is failing to forward any traffic. A test should be restarted from a
+clean state if the intention is to carry out the test again.
+
+.. 3.2.8:
+
+.. _TestDelierables:
+
+Test deliverables
+==================
+Each test should produce a test report that details SUT information as well as
+the test results. There are a number of parameters related to the system, DUT
+and tests that can affect the repeatability of a test results and should be
+recorded. In order to minimise the variation in the results of a test,
+it is recommended that the test report includes the following information:
+
+- Hardware details including:
+
+ - Platform details.
+ - Processor details.
+ - Memory information (see below)
+ - Number of enabled cores.
+ - Number of cores used for the test.
+ - Number of physical NICs, as well as their details (manufacturer,
+ versions, type and the PCI slot they are plugged into).
+ - NIC interrupt configuration.
+ - BIOS version, release date and any configurations that were
+ modified.
+
+- Software details including:
+
+ - OS version (for host and VNF)
+ - Kernel version (for host and VNF)
+ - GRUB boot parameters (for host and VNF).
+ - Hypervisor details (Type and version).
+ - Selected vSwitch, version number or commit id used.
+ - vSwitch launch command line if it has been parameterised.
+ - Memory allocation to the vSwitch – which NUMA node it is using,
+ and how many memory channels.
+ - Where the vswitch is built from source: compiler details including
+ versions and the flags that were used to compile the vSwitch.
+ - DPDK or any other SW dependency version number or commit id used.
+ - Memory allocation to a VM - if it's from Hugpages/elsewhere.
+ - VM storage type: snapshot/independent persistent/independent
+ non-persistent.
+ - Number of VMs.
+ - Number of Virtual NICs (vNICs), versions, type and driver.
+ - Number of virtual CPUs and their core affinity on the host.
+ - Number vNIC interrupt configuration.
+ - Thread affinitization for the applications (including the vSwitch
+ itself) on the host.
+ - Details of Resource isolation, such as CPUs designated for
+ Host/Kernel (isolcpu) and CPUs designated for specific processes
+ (taskset).
+
+- Memory Details
+
+ - Total memory
+ - Type of memory
+ - Used memory
+ - Active memory
+ - Inactive memory
+ - Free memory
+ - Buffer memory
+ - Swap cache
+ - Total swap
+ - Used swap
+ - Free swap
+
+- Test duration.
+- Number of flows.
+- Traffic Information:
+
+ - Traffic type - UDP, TCP, IMIX / Other.
+ - Packet Sizes.
+
+- Deployment Scenario.
+
+**Note**: Tests that require additional parameters to be recorded will
+explicitly specify this.
+
+
+.. 3.3:
+
+.. _TestManagement:
+
+Test management
+=================
+This section will detail the test activities that will be conducted by vsperf
+as well as the infrastructure that will be used to complete the tests in OPNFV.
+
+.. 3.3.1:
+
+Planned activities and tasks; test progression
+=================================================
+A key consideration when conducting any sort of benchmark is trying to
+ensure the consistency and repeatability of test results between runs.
+When benchmarking the performance of a virtual switch there are many
+factors that can affect the consistency of results. This section
+describes these factors and the measures that can be taken to limit
+their effects. In addition, this section will outline some system tests
+to validate the platform and the VNF before conducting any vSwitch
+benchmarking tests.
+
+**System Isolation:**
+
+When conducting a benchmarking test on any SUT, it is essential to limit
+(and if reasonable, eliminate) any noise that may interfere with the
+accuracy of the metrics collected by the test. This noise may be
+introduced by other hardware or software (OS, other applications), and
+can result in significantly varying performance metrics being collected
+between consecutive runs of the same test. In the case of characterizing
+the performance of a virtual switch, there are a number of configuration
+parameters that can help increase the repeatability and stability of
+test results, including:
+
+- OS/GRUB configuration:
+
+ - maxcpus = n where n >= 0; limits the kernel to using 'n'
+ processors. Only use exactly what you need.
+ - isolcpus: Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler. Isolate all
+ CPUs bar one which will be used by the OS.
+ - use taskset to affinitize the forwarding application and the VNFs
+ onto isolated cores. VNFs and the vSwitch should be allocated
+ their own cores, i.e. must not share the same cores. vCPUs for the
+ VNF should be affinitized to individual cores also.
+ - Limit the amount of background applications that are running and
+ set OS to boot to runlevel 3. Make sure to kill any unnecessary
+ system processes/daemons.
+ - Only enable hardware that you need to use for your test – to
+ ensure there are no other interrupts on the system.
+ - Configure NIC interrupts to only use the cores that are not
+ allocated to any other process (VNF/vSwitch).
+
+- NUMA configuration: Any unused sockets in a multi-socket system
+ should be disabled.
+- CPU pinning: The vSwitch and the VNF should each be affinitized to
+ separate logical cores using a combination of maxcpus, isolcpus and
+ taskset.
+- BIOS configuration: BIOS should be configured for performance where
+ an explicit option exists, sleep states should be disabled, any
+ virtualization optimization technologies should be enabled, and
+ hyperthreading should also be enabled, turbo boost and overclocking
+ should be disabled.
+
+**System Validation:**
+
+System validation is broken down into two sub-categories: Platform
+validation and VNF validation. The validation test itself involves
+verifying the forwarding capability and stability for the sub-system
+under test. The rationale behind system validation is two fold. Firstly
+to give a tester confidence in the stability of the platform or VNF that
+is being tested; and secondly to provide base performance comparison
+points to understand the overhead introduced by the virtual switch.
+
+* Benchmark platform forwarding capability: This is an OPTIONAL test
+ used to verify the platform and measure the base performance (maximum
+ forwarding rate in fps and latency) that can be achieved by the
+ platform without a vSwitch or a VNF. The following diagram outlines
+ the set-up for benchmarking Platform forwarding capability:
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | l2fw or DPDK L2FWD app | | Host
+ | | | | |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | NIC | | |
+ +---+------------------------------------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+
+* Benchmark VNF forwarding capability: This test is used to verify
+ the VNF and measure the base performance (maximum forwarding rate in
+ fps and latency) that can be achieved by the VNF without a vSwitch.
+ The performance metrics collected by this test will serve as a key
+ comparison point for NIC passthrough technologies and vSwitches. VNF
+ in this context refers to the hypervisor and the VM. The following
+ diagram outlines the set-up for benchmarking VNF forwarding
+ capability:
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ __
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | VNF | | |
+ | | | | |
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | Passthrough/SR-IOV | | Host
+ | +------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | | NIC | | |
+ +---+------------------------------------------+---+ __|
+ ^ :
+ | |
+ : v
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+ | |
+ | traffic generator |
+ | |
+ +--------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+**Methodology to benchmark Platform/VNF forwarding capability**
+
+
+The recommended methodology for the platform/VNF validation and
+benchmark is: - Run `RFC2889 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2289.txt>`__
+Maximum Forwarding Rate test, this test will produce maximum
+forwarding rate and latency results that will serve as the
+expected values. These expected values can be used in
+subsequent steps or compared with in subsequent validation tests. -
+Transmit bidirectional traffic at line rate/max forwarding rate
+(whichever is higher) for at least 72 hours, measure throughput (fps)
+and latency. - Note: Traffic should be bidirectional. - Establish a
+baseline forwarding rate for what the platform can achieve. - Additional
+validation: After the test has completed for 72 hours run bidirectional
+traffic at the maximum forwarding rate once more to see if the system is
+still functional and measure throughput (fps) and latency. Compare the
+measure the new obtained values with the expected values.
+
+**NOTE 1**: How the Platform is configured for its forwarding capability
+test (BIOS settings, GRUB configuration, runlevel...) is how the
+platform should be configured for every test after this
+
+**NOTE 2**: How the VNF is configured for its forwarding capability test
+(# of vCPUs, vNICs, Memory, affinitization…) is how it should be
+configured for every test that uses a VNF after this.
+
+**Methodology to benchmark the VNF to vSwitch to VNF deployment scenario**
+
+vsperf has identified the following concerns when benchmarking the VNF to
+vSwitch to VNF deployment scenario:
+
+* The accuracy of the timing synchronization between VNFs/VMs.
+* The clock accuracy of a VNF/VM if they were to be used as traffic generators.
+* VNF traffic generator/receiver may be using resources of the system under
+ test, causing at least three forms of workload to increase as the traffic
+ load increases (generation, switching, receiving).
+
+The recommendation from vsperf is that tests for this sceanario must
+include an external HW traffic generator to act as the tester/traffic transmitter
+and receiver. The perscribed methodology to benchmark this deployment scanrio with
+an external tester involves the following three steps:
+
+#. Determine the forwarding capability and latency through the virtual interface
+connected to the VNF/VM.
+
+.. Figure:: vm2vm_virtual_interface_benchmark.png
+
+ Virtual interfaces performance benchmark
+
+#. Determine the forwarding capability and latency through the VNF/hypervisor.
+
+.. Figure:: vm2vm_hypervisor_benchmark.png
+
+ Hypervisor performance benchmark
+
+#. Determine the forwarding capability and latency for the VNF to vSwitch to VNF
+ taking the information from the previous two steps into account.
+
+.. Figure:: vm2vm_benchmark.png
+
+ VNF to vSwitch to VNF performance benchmark
+
+vsperf also identified an alternative configuration for the final step:
+
+.. Figure:: vm2vm_alternative_benchmark.png
+
+ VNF to vSwitch to VNF alternative performance benchmark
+
+.. 3.3.2:
+
+Environment/infrastructure
+============================
+Intel is providing a hosted test-bed with nine bare-metal environments
+allocated to different OPNFV projects. Currently a number of servers in
+`Intel POD 3 <https://wiki.opnfv.org/display/pharos/Intel+Pod3>`__ are
+allocated to vsperf:
+
+ * pod3-wcp-node3 and pod3-wcp-node4 which are used for CI jobs.
+ * pod3-node6 which is used as a vsperf sandbox environment.
+
+vsperf CI
+---------
+vsperf CI jobs are broken down into:
+
+ * Daily job:
+
+ * Runs everyday takes about 10 hours to complete.
+ * TESTCASES_DAILY='phy2phy_tput back2back phy2phy_tput_mod_vlan
+ phy2phy_scalability pvp_tput pvp_back2back pvvp_tput pvvp_back2back'.
+ * TESTPARAM_DAILY='--test-params TRAFFICGEN_PKT_SIZES=(64,128,512,1024,1518)'.
+
+ * Merge job:
+
+ * Runs whenever patches are merged to master.
+ * Runs a basic Sanity test.
+
+ * Verify job:
+
+ * Runs every time a patch is pushed to gerrit.
+ * Builds documentation.
+
+Scripts:
+--------
+There are 2 scripts that are part of VSPERFs CI:
+
+ * build-vsperf.sh: Lives in the VSPERF repository in the ci/ directory and is
+ used to run vsperf with the appropriate cli parameters.
+ * vswitchperf.yml: YAML description of our jenkins job. lives in the RELENG
+ repository.
+
+More info on vsperf CI can be found here:
+https://wiki.opnfv.org/display/vsperf/VSPERF+CI
+
+.. 3.3.3:
+
+Responsibilities and authority
+===============================
+The group responsible for managing, designing, preparing and executing the
+tests listed in the LTD are the vsperf committers and contributors. The vsperf
+committers and contributors should work with the relavent OPNFV projects to
+ensure that the infrastructure is in place for testing vswitches, and that the
+results are published to common end point (a results database).
+