docs: reorganize docs for the sphinx build

Reorganize docs into the appropriate folders for the new sphinx build.
JIRA: VSPERF-80

Change-Id: I9dcd74e092ce52546a0986b92a1ebb2b5b7419bf
Signed-off-by: Ramprasad Velavarthipati <ram.v@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Maryam Tahhan <maryam.tahhan@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Trinath Somanchi <trinath.somanchi@gmail.com>

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 2002 deletions

diff --git a/docs/to-be-reorganized/vswitchperf_ltd.rst b/docs/to-be-reorganized/vswitchperf_ltd.rst
deleted file mode 100755
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--- a/docs/to-be-reorganized/vswitchperf_ltd.rst
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-CHARACTERIZE VSWITCH PERFORMANCE FOR TELCO NFV USE CASES LEVEL TEST DESIGN
-==========================================================================
-
-.. contents:: Table of Contents
-
-1. Introduction
-===============
-
-The objective of the OPNFV project titled
-**“Characterize vSwitch Performance for Telco NFV Use Cases”**, is to
-evaluate a virtual switch to identify its suitability for a Telco
-Network Function Virtualization (NFV) environment. The intention of this
-Level Test Design (LTD) document is to specify the set of tests to carry
-out in order to objectively measure the current characteristics of a
-virtual switch in the Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure
-(NFVI) as well as the test pass criteria. The detailed test cases will
-be defined in `Section 2 <#DetailsOfTheLevelTestDesign>`__, preceded by
-the `Document identifier <#DocId>`__ and the `Scope <#Scope>`__.
-
-This document is currently in draft form.
-
-1.1. Document identifier
-------------------------
-
-The document id will be used to uniquely
-identify versions of the LTD. The format for the document id will be:
-OPNFV\_vswitchperf\_LTD\_ver\_NUM\_MONTH\_YEAR\_STATUS, where by the
-status is one of: draft, reviewed, corrected or final. The document id
-for this version of the LTD is:
-OPNFV\_vswitchperf\_LTD\_ver\_1.6\_Jan\_15\_DRAFT.
-
-1.2. Scope
-----------
-
-The main purpose of this project is to specify a suite of
-performance tests in order to objectively measure the current packet
-transfer characteristics of a virtual switch in the NFVI. The intent of
-the project is to facilitate testing of any virtual switch. Thus, a
-generic suite of tests shall be developed, with no hard dependencies to
-a single implementation. In addition, the test case suite shall be
-architecture independent.
-
-The test cases developed in this project shall not form part of a
-separate test framework, all of these tests may be inserted into the
-Continuous Integration Test Framework and/or the Platform Functionality
-Test Framework - if a vSwitch becomes a standard component of an OPNFV
-release.
-
-1.3. References
----------------
-
-*  `RFC 1242 Benchmarking Terminology for Network Interconnection
-   Devices <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1242.txt>`__
-*  `RFC 2544 Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect
-   Devices <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__
-*  `RFC 2285 Benchmarking Terminology for LAN Switching
-   Devices <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2285.txt>`__
-*  `RFC 2889 Benchmarking Methodology for LAN Switching
-   Devices <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2889.txt>`__
-*  `RFC 3918 Methodology for IP Multicast
-   Benchmarking <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3918.txt>`__
-*  `RFC 4737 Packet Reordering
-   Metrics <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4737.txt>`__
-*  `RFC 5481 Packet Delay Variation Applicability
-   Statement <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__
-*  `RFC 6201 Device Reset
-   Characterization <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6201>`__
-
-2. Details of the Level Test Design
-===================================
-
-This section describes the features to be tested (`cf. 2.1
-<#FeaturesToBeTested>`__), the test approach (`cf. 2.2 <#Approach>`__);
-it also identifies the sets of test cases or scenarios (`cf. 2.3
-<#TestIdentification>`__) along with the pass/fail criteria (`cf. 2.4
-<#PassFail>`__) and the test deliverables (`cf. 2.5 <#TestDeliverables>`__).
-
-2.1. Features to be tested
---------------------------
-
-Characterizing virtual switches (i.e. Device Under Test (DUT) in this document)
-includes measuring the following performance metrics:
-
-- **Throughput** as defined by `RFC1242
-  <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1242.txt>`__: The maximum rate at which
-  **none** of the offered frames are dropped by the DUT. The maximum frame
-  rate and bit rate that can be transmitted by the DUT without any error
-  should be recorded. Note there is an equivalent bit rate and a specific
-  layer at which the payloads contribute to the bits. Errors and
-  improperly formed frames or packets are dropped.
-- **Packet delay** introduced by the DUT and its cumulative effect on
-  E2E networks. Frame delay can be measured equivalently.
-- **Packet delay variation**: measured from the perspective of the
-  VNF/application. Packet delay variation is sometimes called "jitter".
-  However, we will avoid the term "jitter" as the term holds different
-  meaning to different groups of people. In this document we will
-  simply use the term packet delay variation. The preferred form for this
-  metric is the PDV form of delay variation defined in `RFC5481
-  <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__. The most relevant 
-  measurement of PDV considers the delay variation of a single user flow,
-  as this will be relevant to the size of end-system buffers to compensate
-  for delay variation. The measurement system's ability to store the 
-  delays of individual packets in the flow of interest is a key factor 
-  that determines the specific measurement method. At the outset, it is 
-  ideal to view the complete PDV distribution. Systems that can capture
-  and store packets and their delays have the freedom to calculate the 
-  reference minimum delay and to determine various quantiles of the PDV
-  distribution accurately (in post-measurement processing routines). 
-  Systems without storage must apply algorithms to calculate delay and
-  statistical measurements on the fly. For example, a system may store 
-  temporary estimates of the mimimum delay and the set of (100) packets 
-  with the longest delays during measurement (to calculate a high quantile,
-  and update these sets with new values periodically. 
-  In some cases, a limited number of delay histogram bins will be 
-  available, and the bin limits will need to be set using results from
-  repeated experiments. See section 8 of `RFC5481
-  <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__.
-- **Packet loss** (within a configured waiting time at the receiver): All
-  packets sent to the DUT should be accounted for.
-- **Burst behaviour**: measures the ability of the DUT to buffer packets.
-- **Packet re-ordering**: measures the ability of the device under test to
-  maintain sending order throughout transfer to the destination.
-- **Packet correctness**: packets or Frames must be well-formed, in that
-  they include all required fields, conform to length requirements, pass
-  integrity checks, etc.
-- **Availability and capacity** of the DUT i.e. when the DUT is fully “up”
-  and connected:
-
-  - Includes power consumption of the CPU (in various power states) and
-    system.
-  - Includes CPU utilization.
-  - Includes the number of NIC interfaces supported.
-  - Includes headroom of VM workload processing cores (i.e. available
-    for applications).
-
-
-2.2. Approach
-==============
-
-In order to determine the packet transfer characteristics of a virtual
-switch, the tests will be broken down into the following categories:
-
-2.2.1 Test Categories
-----------------------
-- **Throughput Tests** to measure the maximum forwarding rate (in
-  frames per second or fps) and bit rate (in Mbps) for a constant load
-  (as defined by `RFC1242 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1242.txt>`__)
-  without traffic loss.
-- **Packet and Frame Delay Tests** to measure average, min and max
-  packet and frame delay for constant loads.
-- **Stream Performance Tests** (TCP, UDP) to measure bulk data transfer
-  performance, i.e. how fast systems can send and receive data through
-  the virtual switch.
-- **Request/Response Performance** Tests (TCP, UDP) the measure the
-  transaction rate through the virtual switch.
-- **Packet Delay Tests** to understand latency distribution for
-  different packet sizes and over an extended test run to uncover
-  outliers.
-- **Scalability Tests** to understand how the virtual switch performs
-  as the number of flows, active ports, complexity of the forwarding
-  logic's configuration... it has to deal with increases.
-- **Control Path and Datapath Coupling** Tests, to understand how
-  closely coupled the datapath and the control path are as well as the
-  effect of this coupling on the performance of the DUT.
-- **CPU and Memory Consumption Tests** to understand the virtual
-  switch’s footprint on the system, this includes:
-
-  * CPU utilization
-  * Cache utilization
-  * Memory footprint
-  * Time To Establish Flows Tests.
-
-- **Noisy Neighbour Tests**, to understand the effects of resource
-  sharing on the performance of a virtual switch.
-
-**Note:** some of the tests above can be conducted simultaneously where
-the combined results would be insightful, for example Packet/Frame Delay
-and Scalability.
-
-2.2.2 Deployment Scenarios
---------------------------
-The following represents possible deployments which can help to
-determine the performance of both the virtual switch and the datapath
-into the VNF:
-
-Physical port → vSwitch → physical port
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-  .. code-block:: console
-
-                                                            _
-       +--------------------------------------------------+  |
-       |              +--------------------+              |  |
-       |              |                    |              |  |
-       |              |                    v              |  |  Host
-       |   +--------------+            +--------------+   |  |
-       |   |   phy port   |  vSwitch   |   phy port   |   |  |
-       +---+--------------+------------+--------------+---+ _|
-                  ^                           :
-                  |                           |
-                  :                           v
-       +--------------------------------------------------+
-       |                                                  |
-       |                traffic generator                 |
-       |                                                  |
-       +--------------------------------------------------+
-
-
-Physical port → vSwitch → VNF → vSwitch → physical port
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-  .. code-block:: console
-
-                                                             _
-       +---------------------------------------------------+  |
-       |                                                   |  |
-       |   +-------------------------------------------+   |  |
-       |   |                 Application               |   |  |
-       |   +-------------------------------------------+   |  |
-       |       ^                                  :        |  |
-       |       |                                  |        |  |  Guest
-       |       :                                  v        |  |
-       |   +---------------+           +---------------+   |  |
-       |   | logical port 0|           | logical port 1|   |  |
-       +---+---------------+-----------+---------------+---+ _|
-               ^                                  :
-               |                                  |
-               :                                  v         _
-       +---+---------------+----------+---------------+---+  |
-       |   | logical port 0|          | logical port 1|   |  |
-       |   +---------------+          +---------------+   |  |
-       |       ^                                  :       |  |
-       |       |                                  |       |  |  Host
-       |       :                                  v       |  |
-       |   +--------------+            +--------------+   |  |
-       |   |   phy port   |  vSwitch   |   phy port   |   |  |
-       +---+--------------+------------+--------------+---+ _|
-                  ^                           :
-                  |                           |
-                  :                           v
-       +--------------------------------------------------+
-       |                                                  |
-       |                traffic generator                 |
-       |                                                  |
-       +--------------------------------------------------+
-
-
-Physical port → vSwitch → VNF → vSwitch → VNF → vSwitch → physical port
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-  .. code-block:: console
-
-                                                       _
-    +----------------------+  +----------------------+  |
-    |   Guest 1            |  |   Guest 2            |  |
-    |   +---------------+  |  |   +---------------+  |  |
-    |   |  Application  |  |  |   |  Application  |  |  |
-    |   +---------------+  |  |   +---------------+  |  |
-    |       ^       |      |  |       ^       |      |  |
-    |       |       v      |  |       |       v      |  |  Guests
-    |   +---------------+  |  |   +---------------+  |  |
-    |   | logical ports |  |  |   | logical ports |  |  |
-    |   |   0       1   |  |  |   |   0       1   |  |  |
-    +---+---------------+--+  +---+---------------+--+ _|
-            ^       :                 ^       :
-            |       |                 |       |
-            :       v                 :       v        _
-    +---+---------------+---------+---------------+--+  |
-    |   |   0       1   |         |   3       4   |  |  |
-    |   | logical ports |         | logical ports |  |  |
-    |   +---------------+         +---------------+  |  |
-    |       ^       |                 ^       |      |  |  Host
-    |       |       L-----------------+       v      |  |
-    |   +--------------+          +--------------+   |  |
-    |   |   phy ports  | vSwitch  |   phy ports  |   |  |
-    +---+--------------+----------+--------------+---+ _|
-            ^       ^                 :       :
-            |       |                 |       |
-            :       :                 v       v
-    +--------------------------------------------------+
-    |                                                  |
-    |                traffic generator                 |
-    |                                                  |
-    +--------------------------------------------------+
-
-
-Physical port → vSwitch → VNF
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-  .. code-block:: console
-
-                                                          _
-    +---------------------------------------------------+  |
-    |                                                   |  |
-    |   +-------------------------------------------+   |  |
-    |   |                 Application               |   |  |
-    |   +-------------------------------------------+   |  |
-    |       ^                                           |  |
-    |       |                                           |  |  Guest
-    |       :                                           |  |
-    |   +---------------+                               |  |
-    |   | logical port 0|                               |  |
-    +---+---------------+-------------------------------+ _|
-            ^
-            |
-            :                                            _
-    +---+---------------+------------------------------+  |
-    |   | logical port 0|                              |  |
-    |   +---------------+                              |  |
-    |       ^                                          |  |
-    |       |                                          |  |  Host
-    |       :                                          |  |
-    |   +--------------+                               |  |
-    |   |   phy port   |  vSwitch                      |  |
-    +---+--------------+------------ -------------- ---+ _|
-               ^
-               |
-               :
-    +--------------------------------------------------+
-    |                                                  |
-    |                traffic generator                 |
-    |                                                  |
-    +--------------------------------------------------+
-
-VNF → vSwitch → physical port
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-  .. code-block:: console
-
-                                                          _
-    +---------------------------------------------------+  |
-    |                                                   |  |
-    |   +-------------------------------------------+   |  |
-    |   |                 Application               |   |  |
-    |   +-------------------------------------------+   |  |
-    |                                          :        |  |
-    |                                          |        |  |  Guest
-    |                                          v        |  |
-    |                               +---------------+   |  |
-    |                               | logical port  |   |  |
-    +-------------------------------+---------------+---+ _|
-                                               :
-                                               |
-                                               v         _
-    +------------------------------+---------------+---+  |
-    |                              | logical port  |   |  |
-    |                              +---------------+   |  |
-    |                                          :       |  |
-    |                                          |       |  |  Host
-    |                                          v       |  |
-    |                               +--------------+   |  |
-    |                     vSwitch   |   phy port   |   |  |
-    +-------------------------------+--------------+---+ _|
-                                           :
-                                           |
-                                           v
-    +--------------------------------------------------+
-    |                                                  |
-    |                traffic generator                 |
-    |                                                  |
-    +--------------------------------------------------+
-
-VNF → vSwitch → VNF → vSwitch
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-  .. code-block:: console
-
-                                                             _
-    +-------------------------+  +-------------------------+  |
-    |   Guest 1               |  |   Guest 2               |  |
-    |   +-----------------+   |  |   +-----------------+   |  |
-    |   |   Application   |   |  |   |   Application   |   |  |
-    |   +-----------------+   |  |   +-----------------+   |  |
-    |                :        |  |       ^                 |  |
-    |                |        |  |       |                 |  |  Guest
-    |                v        |  |       :                 |  |
-    |     +---------------+   |  |   +---------------+     |  |
-    |     | logical port 0|   |  |   | logical port 0|     |  |
-    +-----+---------------+---+  +---+---------------+-----+ _|
-                    :                    ^
-                    |                    |
-                    v                    :                    _
-    +----+---------------+------------+---------------+-----+  |
-    |    |     port 0    |            |     port 1    |     |  |
-    |    +---------------+            +---------------+     |  |
-    |              :                    ^                   |  |
-    |              |                    |                   |  |  Host
-    |              +--------------------+                   |  |
-    |                                                       |  |
-    |                     vswitch                           |  |
-    +-------------------------------------------------------+ _|
-
-HOST 1(Physical port → virtual switch → VNF → virtual switch →
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Physical port) → HOST 2(Physical port → virtual switch → VNF →
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-virtual switch → Physical port)
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-  .. code-block:: console
-
-                                                       _
-    +----------------------+  +----------------------+  |
-    |   Guest 1            |  |   Guest 2            |  |
-    |   +---------------+  |  |   +---------------+  |  |
-    |   |  Application  |  |  |   |  Application  |  |  |
-    |   +---------------+  |  |   +---------------+  |  |
-    |       ^       |      |  |       ^       |      |  |
-    |       |       v      |  |       |       v      |  |  Guests
-    |   +---------------+  |  |   +---------------+  |  |
-    |   | logical ports |  |  |   | logical ports |  |  |
-    |   |   0       1   |  |  |   |   0       1   |  |  |
-    +---+---------------+--+  +---+---------------+--+ _|
-            ^       :                 ^       :
-            |       |                 |       |
-            :       v                 :       v        _
-    +---+---------------+--+  +---+---------------+--+  |
-    |   |   0       1   |  |  |   |   3       4   |  |  |
-    |   | logical ports |  |  |   | logical ports |  |  |
-    |   +---------------+  |  |   +---------------+  |  |
-    |       ^       |      |  |       ^       |      |  |  Hosts
-    |       |       v      |  |       |       v      |  |
-    |   +--------------+   |  |   +--------------+   |  |
-    |   |   phy ports  |   |  |   |   phy ports  |   |  |
-    +---+--------------+---+  +---+--------------+---+ _|
-            ^       :                 :       :
-            |       +-----------------+       |
-            :                                 v
-    +--------------------------------------------------+
-    |                                                  |
-    |                traffic generator                 |
-    |                                                  |
-    +--------------------------------------------------+
-
-
-
-**Note:** For tests where the traffic generator and/or measurement
-receiver are implemented on VM and connected to the virtual switch
-through vNIC, the issues of shared resources and interactions between
-the measurement devices and the device under test must be considered.
-
-**Note:** Some RFC 2889 tests require a full-mesh sending and receiving
-pattern involving more than two ports. This possibility is illustrated in the
-Physical port → vSwitch → VNF → vSwitch → VNF → vSwitch → physical port
-diagram above (with 2 sending and 2 receiving ports, though all ports
-could be used bi-directionally).
-
-**Note:** When Deployment Scenarios are used in RFC 2889 address learning
-or cache capacity testing, an additional port from the vSwitch must be
-connected to the test device. This port is used to listen for flooded
-frames.
-
-2.2.3 General Methodology:
---------------------------
-To establish the baseline performance of the virtual switch, tests would
-initially be run with a simple workload in the VNF (the recommended
-simple workload VNF would be `DPDK <http://www.dpdk.org/>`__'s testpmd
-application forwarding packets in a VM or vloop\_vnf a simple kernel
-module that forwards traffic between two network interfaces inside the
-virtualized environment while bypassing the networking stack).
-Subsequently, the tests would also be executed with a real Telco
-workload running in the VNF, which would exercise the virtual switch in
-the context of higher level Telco NFV use cases, and prove that its
-underlying characteristics and behaviour can be measured and validated.
-Suitable real Telco workload VNFs are yet to be identified.
-
-2.2.3.1 Default Test Parameters
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The following list identifies the default parameters for suite of
-tests:
-
--  Reference application: Simple forwarding or Open Source VNF.
--  Frame size (bytes): 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280, 1518, 2K, 4k OR
-   Packet size based on use-case (e.g. RTP 64B, 256B) OR Mix of packet sizes as
-   maintained by the Functest project <https://wiki.opnfv.org/traffic_profile_management>.
--  Reordering check: Tests should confirm that packets within a flow are
-   not reordered.
--  Duplex: Unidirectional / Bidirectional. Default: Full duplex with
-   traffic transmitting in both directions, as network traffic generally
-   does not flow in a single direction. By default the data rate of
-   transmitted traffic should be the same in both directions, please
-   note that asymmetric traffic (e.g. downlink-heavy) tests will be
-   mentioned explicitly for the relevant test cases.
--  Number of Flows: Default for non scalability tests is a single flow.
-   For scalability tests the goal is to test with maximum supported
-   flows but where possible will test up to 10 Million flows. Start with
-   a single flow and scale up. By default flows should be added
-   sequentially, tests that add flows simultaneously will explicitly
-   call out their flow addition behaviour. Packets are generated across
-   the flows uniformly with no burstiness.
--  Traffic Types: UDP, SCTP, RTP, GTP and UDP traffic.
--  Deployment scenarios are:
--  Physical → virtual switch → physical.
--  Physical → virtual switch → VNF → virtual switch → physical.
--  Physical → virtual switch → VNF → virtual switch → VNF → virtual
-   switch → physical.
--  Physical → virtual switch → VNF.
--  VNF → virtual switch → Physical.
--  VNF → virtual switch → VNF.
-
-Tests MUST have these parameters unless otherwise stated. **Test cases
-with non default parameters will be stated explicitly**.
-
-**Note**: For throughput tests unless stated otherwise, test
-configurations should ensure that traffic traverses the installed flows
-through the virtual switch, i.e. flows are installed and have an appropriate
-time out that doesn't expire before packet transmission starts.
-
-2.2.3.2 Flow Classification
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Virtual switches classify packets into flows by processing and matching
-particular header fields in the packet/frame and/or the input port where
-the packets/frames arrived. The vSwitch then carries out an action on
-the group of packets that match the classification parameters. Thus a
-flow is considered to be a sequence of packets that have a shared set of
-header field values or have arrived on the same port and have the same
-action applied to them. Performance results can vary based on the
-parameters the vSwitch uses to match for a flow. The recommended flow
-classification parameters for L3 vSwitch performance tests are: the
-input port, the source IP address, the destination IP address and the
-Ethernet protocol type field. It is essential to increase the flow
-time-out time on a vSwitch before conducting any performance tests that
-do not measure the flow set-up time. Normally the first packet of a
-particular flow will install the flow in the vSwitch which adds an
-additional latency, subsequent packets of the same flow are not subject
-to this latency if the flow is already installed on the vSwitch.
-
-2.2.3.3 Test Priority
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Tests will be assigned a priority in order to determine which tests
-should be implemented immediately and which tests implementations
-can be deferred.
-
-Priority can be of following types: - Urgent: Must be implemented
-immediately. - High: Must be implemented in the next release. - Medium:
-May be implemented after the release. - Low: May or may not be
-implemented at all.
-
-2.2.3.4 SUT Setup
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The SUT should be configured to its "default" state. The
-SUT's configuration or set-up must not change between tests in any way
-other than what is required to do the test. All supported protocols must
-be configured and enabled for each test set up.
-
-2.2.3.4.1 Port Configuration
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-The DUT should be configured with n ports where
-n is a multiple of 2. Half of the ports on the DUT should be used as
-ingress ports and the other half of the ports on the DUT should be used
-as egress ports. Where a DUT has more than 2 ports, the ingress data
-streams should be set-up so that they transmit packets to the egress
-ports in sequence so that there is an even distribution of traffic
-across ports. For example, if a DUT has 4 ports 0(ingress), 1(ingress),
-2(egress) and 3(egress), the traffic stream directed at port 0 should
-output a packet to port 2 followed by a packet to port 3. The traffic
-stream directed at port 1 should also output a packet to port 2 followed
-by a packet to port 3.
-
-2.2.3.4.2 Frame Formats
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Frame formats Layer 2 (data link layer) protocols
-++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
--  Ethernet II
-
-  .. code-block:: console
-
-     +---------------------+--------------------+-----------+
-     |   Ethernet Header   |       Payload      | Check Sum |
-     +---------------------+--------------------+-----------+
-     |_____________________|____________________|___________|
-           14 Bytes            46 - 1500 Bytes      4 Bytes
-
-Layer 3 (network layer) protocols
-++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
-
--  IPv4
-
-  .. code-block:: console
-
-     +---------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------+
-     |   Ethernet Header   |      IP Header     |       Payload      | Check Sum |
-     +---------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------+
-     |_____________________|____________________|____________________|___________|
-           14 Bytes            20 bytes             26 - 1480 Bytes      4 Bytes
-
--  IPv6
-
-  .. code-block:: console
-
-     +---------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------+
-     |   Ethernet Header   |      IP Header     |       Payload      | Check Sum |
-     +---------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------+
-     |_____________________|____________________|____________________|___________|
-           14 Bytes            40 bytes             26 - 1460 Bytes      4 Bytes
-
-Layer 4 (transport layer) protocols
-++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
-  - TCP
-  - UDP
-  - SCTP
-
-  .. code-block:: console
-
-     +---------------------+--------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----------+
-     |   Ethernet Header   |      IP Header     | Layer 4 Header  |       Payload      | Check Sum |
-     +---------------------+--------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----------+
-     |_____________________|____________________|_________________|____________________|___________|
-           14 Bytes            40 bytes               20 Bytes       6 - 1460 Bytes      4 Bytes
-
-Layer 5 (application layer) protocols
-+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
-  - RTP
-  - GTP
-
-  .. code-block:: console
-
-     +---------------------+--------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----------+
-     |   Ethernet Header   |      IP Header     | Layer 4 Header  |       Payload      | Check Sum |
-     +---------------------+--------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----------+
-     |_____________________|____________________|_________________|____________________|___________|
-           14 Bytes            20 bytes               20 Bytes         Min 6 Bytes       4 Bytes
-
-
-2.2.3.4.3 Packet Throughput
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-There is a difference between an Ethernet frame,
-an IP packet, and a UDP datagram. In the seven-layer OSI model of
-computer networking, packet refers to a data unit at layer 3 (network
-layer). The correct term for a data unit at layer 2 (data link layer) is
-a frame, and at layer 4 (transport layer) is a segment or datagram.
-
-Important concepts related to 10GbE performance are frame rate and
-throughput. The MAC bit rate of 10GbE, defined in the IEEE standard 802
-.3ae, is 10 billion bits per second. Frame rate is based on the bit rate
-and frame format definitions. Throughput, defined in IETF RFC 1242, is
-the highest rate at which the system under test can forward the offered
-load, without loss.
-
-The frame rate for 10GbE is determined by a formula that divides the 10
-billion bits per second by the preamble + frame length + inter-frame
-gap.
-
-The maximum frame rate is calculated using the minimum values of the
-following parameters, as described in the IEEE 802 .3ae standard:
-
--  Preamble: 8 bytes \* 8 = 64 bits
--  Frame Length: 64 bytes (minimum) \* 8 = 512 bits
--  Inter-frame Gap: 12 bytes (minimum) \* 8 = 96 bits
-
-Therefore, Maximum Frame Rate (64B Frames)
-= MAC Transmit Bit Rate / (Preamble + Frame Length + Inter-frame Gap)
-= 10,000,000,000 / (64 + 512 + 96)
-= 10,000,000,000 / 672
-= 14,880,952.38 frame per second (fps)
-
-2.2.3.4.4 System isolation and validation
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-A key consideration when conducting any sort of benchmark is trying to
-ensure the consistency and repeatability of test results between runs.
-When benchmarking the performance of a virtual switch there are many
-factors that can affect the consistency of results. This section
-describes these factors and the measures that can be taken to limit
-their effects. In addition, this section will outline some system tests
-to validate the platform and the VNF before conducting any vSwitch
-benchmarking tests.
-
-System Isolation
-++++++++++++++++
-When conducting a benchmarking test on any SUT, it is essential to limit
-(and if reasonable, eliminate) any noise that may interfere with the
-accuracy of the metrics collected by the test. This noise may be
-introduced by other hardware or software (OS, other applications), and
-can result in significantly varying performance metrics being collected
-between consecutive runs of the same test. In the case of characterizing
-the performance of a virtual switch, there are a number of configuration
-parameters that can help increase the repeatability and stability of
-test results, including:
-
--  OS/GRUB configuration:
-
-   -  maxcpus = n where n >= 0; limits the kernel to using 'n'
-      processors. Only use exactly what you need.
-   -  isolcpus: Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler. Isolate all
-      CPUs bar one which will be used by the OS.
-   -  use taskset to affinitize the forwarding application and the VNFs
-      onto isolated cores. VNFs and the vSwitch should be allocated
-      their own cores, i.e. must not share the same cores. vCPUs for the
-      VNF should be affinitized to individual cores also.
-   -  Limit the amount of background applications that are running and
-      set OS to boot to runlevel 3. Make sure to kill any unnecessary
-      system processes/daemons.
-   -  Only enable hardware that you need to use for your test – to
-      ensure there are no other interrupts on the system.
-   -  Configure NIC interrupts to only use the cores that are not
-      allocated to any other process (VNF/vSwitch).
-
--  NUMA configuration: Any unused sockets in a multi-socket system
-   should be disabled.
--  CPU pinning: The vSwitch and the VNF should each be affinitized to
-   separate logical cores using a combination of maxcpus, isolcpus and
-   taskset.
--  BIOS configuration: BIOS should be configured for performance where
-   an explicit option exists, sleep states should be disabled, any
-   virtualization optimization technologies should be enabled, and
-   hyperthreading should also be enabled.
-
-System Validation
-+++++++++++++++++
-System validation is broken down into two sub-categories: Platform
-validation and VNF validation. The validation test itself involves
-verifying the forwarding capability and stability for the sub-system
-under test. The rationale behind system validation is two fold. Firstly
-to give a tester confidence in the stability of the platform or VNF that
-is being tested; and secondly to provide base performance comparison
-points to understand the overhead introduced by the virtual switch.
-
-* Benchmark platform forwarding capability: This is an OPTIONAL test
-  used to verify the platform and measure the base performance (maximum
-  forwarding rate in fps and latency) that can be achieved by the
-  platform without a vSwitch or a VNF. The following diagram outlines
-  the set-up for benchmarking Platform forwarding capability:
-
-  .. code-block:: console
-
-                                                            __
-       +--------------------------------------------------+   |
-       |   +------------------------------------------+   |   |
-       |   |                                          |   |   |
-       |   |          l2fw or DPDK L2FWD app          |   |  Host
-       |   |                                          |   |   |
-       |   +------------------------------------------+   |   |
-       |   |                 NIC                      |   |   |
-       +---+------------------------------------------+---+ __|
-                  ^                           :
-                  |                           |
-                  :                           v
-       +--------------------------------------------------+
-       |                                                  |
-       |                traffic generator                 |
-       |                                                  |
-       +--------------------------------------------------+
-
-* Benchmark VNF forwarding capability: This test is used to verify
-  the VNF and measure the base performance (maximum forwarding rate in
-  fps and latency) that can be achieved by the VNF without a vSwitch.
-  The performance metrics collected by this test will serve as a key
-  comparison point for NIC passthrough technologies and vSwitches. VNF
-  in this context refers to the hypervisor and the VM. The following
-  diagram outlines the set-up for benchmarking VNF forwarding
-  capability:
-
-  .. code-block:: console
-
-                                                            __
-       +--------------------------------------------------+   |
-       |   +------------------------------------------+   |   |
-       |   |                                          |   |   |
-       |   |                 VNF                      |   |   |
-       |   |                                          |   |   |
-       |   +------------------------------------------+   |   |
-       |   |          Passthrough/SR-IOV              |   |  Host
-       |   +------------------------------------------+   |   |
-       |   |                 NIC                      |   |   |
-       +---+------------------------------------------+---+ __|
-                  ^                           :
-                  |                           |
-                  :                           v
-       +--------------------------------------------------+
-       |                                                  |
-       |                traffic generator                 |
-       |                                                  |
-       +--------------------------------------------------+
-
-
-Methodology to benchmark Platform/VNF forwarding capability
-++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
-
-The recommended methodology for the platform/VNF validation and
-benchmark is: - Run `RFC2889 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2289.txt>`__
-Maximum Forwarding Rate test, this test will produce maximum
-forwarding rate and latency results that will serve as the
-expected values. These expected values can be used in
-subsequent steps or compared with in subsequent validation tests. -
-Transmit bidirectional traffic at line rate/max forwarding rate
-(whichever is higher) for at least 72 hours, measure throughput (fps)
-and latency. - Note: Traffic should be bidirectional. - Establish a
-baseline forwarding rate for what the platform can achieve. - Additional
-validation: After the test has completed for 72 hours run bidirectional
-traffic at the maximum forwarding rate once more to see if the system is
-still functional and measure throughput (fps) and latency. Compare the
-measure the new obtained values with the expected values.
-
-**NOTE 1**: How the Platform is configured for its forwarding capability
-test (BIOS settings, GRUB configuration, runlevel...) is how the
-platform should be configured for every test after this
-
-**NOTE 2**: How the VNF is configured for its forwarding capability test
-(# of vCPUs, vNICs, Memory, affinitization…) is how it should be
-configured for every test that uses a VNF after this.
-
-2.2.4 RFCs for testing virtual switch performance
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The starting point for defining the suite of tests for benchmarking the
-performance of a virtual switch is to take existing RFCs and standards
-that were designed to test their physical counterparts and adapting them
-for testing virtual switches. The rationale behind this is to establish
-a fair comparison between the performance of virtual and physical
-switches. This section outlines the RFCs that are used by this
-specification.
-
-RFC 1242 Benchmarking Terminology for Network Interconnection
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Devices RFC 1242 defines the terminology that is used in describing
-performance benchmarking tests and their results. Definitions and
-discussions covered include: Back-to-back, bridge, bridge/router,
-constant load, data link frame size, frame loss rate, inter frame gap,
-latency, and many more.
-
-RFC 2544 Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-RFC 2544 outlines a benchmarking methodology for network Interconnect
-Devices. The methodology results in performance metrics such as latency,
-frame loss percentage, and maximum data throughput.
-
-In this document network “throughput” (measured in millions of frames
-per second) is based on RFC 2544, unless otherwise noted. Frame size
-refers to Ethernet frames ranging from smallest frames of 64 bytes to
-largest frames of 4K bytes.
-
-Types of tests are:
-
-1. Throughput test defines the maximum number of frames per second
-   that can be transmitted without any error.
-
-2. Latency test measures the time required for a frame to travel from
-   the originating device through the network to the destination device.
-   Please note that RFC2544 Latency measurement will be superseded with
-   a measurement of average latency over all successfully transferred
-   packets or frames.
-
-3. Frame loss test measures the network’s
-   response in overload conditions - a critical indicator of the
-   network’s ability to support real-time applications in which a
-   large amount of frame loss will rapidly degrade service quality.
-
-4. Burst test assesses the buffering capability of a virtual switch. It
-   measures the maximum number of frames received at full line rate
-   before a frame is lost. In carrier Ethernet networks, this
-   measurement validates the excess information rate (EIR) as defined in
-   many SLAs.
-
-5. System recovery to characterize speed of recovery from an overload
-   condition.
-
-6. Reset to characterize speed of recovery from device or software
-   reset. This type of test has been updated by `RFC6201 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6201.txt>`__ as such,
-   the methodology defined by this specification will be that of RFC 6201.
-
-Although not included in the defined RFC 2544 standard, another crucial
-measurement in Ethernet networking is packet delay variation. The
-definition set out by this specification comes from
-`RFC5481 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__.
-
-RFC 2285 Benchmarking Terminology for LAN Switching Devices
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-RFC 2285 defines the terminology that is used to describe the
-terminology for benchmarking a LAN switching device. It extends RFC
-1242 and defines: DUTs, SUTs, Traffic orientation and distribution,
-bursts, loads, forwarding rates, etc.
-
-RFC 2889 Benchmarking Methodology for LAN Switching
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-RFC 2889 outlines a benchmarking methodology for LAN switching, it
-extends RFC 2544. The outlined methodology gathers performance
-metrics for forwarding, congestion control, latency, address handling
-and finally filtering.
-
-RFC 3918 Methodology for IP Multicast Benchmarking
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-RFC 3918 outlines a methodology for IP Multicast benchmarking.
-
-RFC 4737 Packet Reordering Metrics
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-RFC 4737 describes metrics for identifying and counting re-ordered
-packets within a stream, and metrics to measure the extent each
-packet has been re-ordered.
-
-RFC 5481 Packet Delay Variation Applicability Statement
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-RFC 5481 defined two common, but different forms of delay variation
-metrics, and compares the metrics over a range of networking
-circumstances and tasks. The most suitable form for vSwitch
-benchmarking is the "PDV" form.
-
-RFC 6201 Device Reset Characterization
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-RFC 6201 extends the methodology for characterizing the speed of
-recovery of the DUT from device or software reset described in RFC
-2544.
-
-2.2.5 Details of the Test Report
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-There are a number of parameters related to the system, DUT and tests
-that can affect the repeatability of a test results and should be
-recorded. In order to minimise the variation in the results of a test,
-it is recommended that the test report includes the following information:
-
--  Hardware details including:
-
-   -  Platform details.
-   -  Processor details.
-   -  Memory information (see below)
-   -  Number of enabled cores.
-   -  Number of cores used for the test.
-   -  Number of physical NICs, as well as their details (manufacturer,
-      versions, type and the PCI slot they are plugged into).
-   -  NIC interrupt configuration.
-   -  BIOS version, release date and any configurations that were
-      modified.
-
--  Software details including:
-
-   -  OS version (for host and VNF)
-   -  Kernel version (for host and VNF)
-   -  GRUB boot parameters (for host and VNF).
-   -  Hypervisor details (Type and version).
-   -  Selected vSwitch, version number or commit id used.
-   -  vSwitch launch command line if it has been parameterised.
-   -  Memory allocation to the vSwitch – which NUMA node it is using,
-      and how many memory channels.
-   -  Where the vswitch is built from source: compiler details including
-      versions and the flags that were used to compile the vSwitch.
-   -  DPDK or any other SW dependency version number or commit id used.
-   -  Memory allocation to a VM - if it's from Hugpages/elsewhere.
-   -  VM storage type: snapshot/independent persistent/independent
-      non-persistent.
-   -  Number of VMs.
-   -  Number of Virtual NICs (vNICs), versions, type and driver.
-   -  Number of virtual CPUs and their core affinity on the host.
-   -  Number vNIC interrupt configuration.
-   -  Thread affinitization for the applications (including the vSwitch
-      itself) on the host.
-   -  Details of Resource isolation, such as CPUs designated for
-      Host/Kernel (isolcpu) and CPUs designated for specific processes
-      (taskset).
-
--  Memory Details
-
-   -  Total memory
-   -  Type of memory
-   -  Used memory
-   -  Active memory
-   -  Inactive memory
-   -  Free memory
-   -  Buffer memory
-   -  Swap cache
-   -  Total swap
-   -  Used swap
-   -  Free swap
-
--  Test duration.
--  Number of flows.
--  Traffic Information:
-
-   -  Traffic type - UDP, TCP, IMIX / Other.
-   -  Packet Sizes.
-
--  Deployment Scenario.
-
-**Note**: Tests that require additional parameters to be recorded will
-explicitly specify this.
-
-2.3. Test identification
-------------------------
-2.3.1 Throughput tests
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-The following tests aim to determine the maximum forwarding rate that
-can be achieved with a virtual switch. The list is not exhaustive but
-should indicate the type of tests that should be required. It is
-expected that more will be added.
-
-Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC 2544 X% packet loss ratio Throughput and Latency Test
-
-    **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    This test determines the DUT's maximum forwarding rate with X% traffic
-    loss for a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed interval time).
-    The default loss percentages to be tested are: - X = 0% - X = 10^-7%
-
-    Note: Other values can be tested if required by the user.
-
-    The selected frame sizes are those previously defined under `Default
-    Test Parameters <#DefaultParams>`__. The test can also be used to
-    determine the average latency of the traffic.
-
-    Under the `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__
-    test methodology, the test duration will
-    include a number of trials; each trial should run for a minimum period
-    of 60 seconds. A binary search methodology must be applied for each
-    trial to obtain the final result.
-
-    **Expected Result**: At the end of each trial, the presence or absence
-    of loss determines the modification of offered load for the next trial,
-    converging on a maximum rate, or
-    `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ Throughput with X% loss.
-    The Throughput load is re-used in related
-    `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__ tests and other
-    tests.
-
-    **Metrics Collected**:
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  The maximum forwarding rate in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of
-       the DUT for each frame size with X% packet loss.
-    -  The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through the DUT
-       (if testing for latency, note that this average is different from the
-       test specified in Section 26.3 of
-       `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__).
-    -  CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
-       test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
-
-Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatioFrameModification
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC 2544 X% packet loss Throughput and Latency Test with
-    packet modification
-
-    **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    This test determines the DUT's maximum forwarding rate with X% traffic
-    loss for a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed interval time).
-    The default loss percentages to be tested are: - X = 0% - X = 10^-7%
-
-    Note: Other values can be tested if required by the user.
-
-    The selected frame sizes are those previously defined under `Default
-    Test Parameters <#DefaultParams>`__. The test can also be used to
-    determine the average latency of the traffic.
-
-    Under the `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__
-    test methodology, the test duration will
-    include a number of trials; each trial should run for a minimum period
-    of 60 seconds. A binary search methodology must be applied for each
-    trial to obtain the final result.
-
-    During this test, the DUT must perform the following operations on the
-    traffic flow:
-
-    -  Perform packet parsing on the DUT's ingress port.
-    -  Perform any relevant address look-ups on the DUT's ingress ports.
-    -  Modify the packet header before forwarding the packet to the DUT's
-       egress port. Packet modifications include:
-
-       -  Modifying the Ethernet source or destination MAC address.
-       -  Modifying/adding a VLAN tag. (**Recommended**).
-       -  Modifying/adding a MPLS tag.
-       -  Modifying the source or destination ip address.
-       -  Modifying the TOS/DSCP field.
-       -  Modifying the source or destination ports for UDP/TCP/SCTP.
-       -  Modifying the TTL.
-
-    **Expected Result**: The Packet parsing/modifications require some
-    additional degree of processing resource, therefore the
-    `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__
-    Throughput is expected to be somewhat lower than the Throughput level
-    measured without additional steps. The reduction is expected to be
-    greatest on tests with the smallest packet sizes (greatest header
-    processing rates).
-
-    **Metrics Collected**:
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  The maximum forwarding rate in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of
-       the DUT for each frame size with X% packet loss and packet
-       modification operations being performed by the DUT.
-    -  The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through the DUT
-       (if testing for latency, note that this average is different from the
-       test specified in Section 26.3 of
-       `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__).
-    -  The `RFC5481 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__
-       PDV form of delay variation on the traffic flow,
-       using the 99th percentile.
-    -  CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
-       test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
-
-Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.Profile
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC 2544 Throughput and Latency Profile
-
-    **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    This test reveals how throughput and latency degrades as the offered
-    rate varies in the region of the DUT's maximum forwarding rate as
-    determined by LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio (0% Packet Loss).
-    For example it can be used to determine if the degradation of throughput
-    and latency as the offered rate increases is slow and graceful or sudden
-    and severe.
-
-    The selected frame sizes are those previously defined under `Default
-    Test Parameters <#DefaultParams>`__.
-
-    The offered traffic rate is described as a percentage delta with respect
-    to the DUT's RFC 2544 Throughput as determined by
-    LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLoss Ratio (0% Packet Loss case). A delta
-    of 0% is equivalent to an offered traffic rate equal to the RFC 2544
-    Throughput; A delta of +50% indicates an offered rate half-way
-    between the Throughput and line-rate, whereas a delta of
-    -50% indicates an offered rate of half the maximum rate. Therefore the
-    range of the delta figure is natuarlly bounded at -100% (zero offered
-    traffic) and +100% (traffic offered at line rate).
-
-    The following deltas to the maximum forwarding rate should be applied:
-
-    -  -50%, -10%, 0%, +10% & +50%
-
-    **Expected Result**: For each packet size a profile should be produced
-    of how throughput and latency vary with offered rate.
-
-    **Metrics Collected**:
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  The forwarding rate in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of the DUT
-       for each delta to the maximum forwarding rate and for each frame
-       size.
-    -  The average latency for each delta to the maximum forwarding rate and
-       for each frame size.
-    -  CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
-       test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
-    -  Any failures experienced (for example if the vSwitch crashes, stops
-       processing packets, restarts or becomes unresponsive to commands)
-       when the offered load is above Maximum Throughput MUST be recorded
-       and reported with the results.
-
-Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.SystemRecoveryTime
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC 2544 System Recovery Time Test
-
-    **Prerequisite Test** LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    The aim of this test is to determine the length of time it takes the DUT
-    to recover from an overload condition for a constant load (fixed length
-    frames at a fixed interval time). The selected frame sizes are those
-    previously defined under `Default Test Parameters <#DefaultParams>`__,
-    traffic should be sent to the DUT under normal conditions. During the
-    duration of the test and while the traffic flows are passing though the
-    DUT, at least one situation leading to an overload condition for the DUT
-    should occur. The time from the end of the overload condition to when
-    the DUT returns to normal operations should be measured to determine
-    recovery time. Prior to overloading the DUT, one should record the
-    average latency for 10,000 packets forwarded through the DUT.
-
-    The overload condition SHOULD be to transmit traffic at a very high
-    frame rate to the DUT (150% of the maximum 0% packet loss rate as
-    determined by LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio or line-rate
-    whichever is lower), for at least 60 seconds, then reduce the frame rate
-    to 75% of the maximum 0% packet loss rate. A number of time-stamps
-    should be recorded: - Record the time-stamp at which the frame rate was
-    reduced and record a second time-stamp at the time of the last frame
-    lost. The recovery time is the difference between the two timestamps. -
-    Record the average latency for 10,000 frames after the last frame loss
-    and continue to record average latency measurements for every 10,000
-    frames, when latency returns to within 10% of pre-overload levels record
-    the time-stamp.
-
-    **Expected Result**:
-
-    **Metrics collected**
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  The length of time it takes the DUT to recover from an overload
-       condition.
-    -  The length of time it takes the DUT to recover the average latency to
-       pre-overload conditions.
-
-    **Deployment scenario**:
-
-    -  Physical → virtual switch → physical.
-
-Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.BackToBackFrames
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC2544 Back To Back Frames Test
-
-    **Prerequisite Test**: N
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    The aim of this test is to characterize the ability of the DUT to
-    process back-to-back frames. For each frame size previously defined
-    under `Default Test Parameters <#DefaultParams>`__, a burst of traffic
-    is sent to the DUT with the minimum inter-frame gap between each frame.
-    If the number of received frames equals the number of frames that were
-    transmitted, the burst size should be increased and traffic is sent to
-    the DUT again. The value measured is the back-to-back value, that is the
-    maximum burst size the DUT can handle without any frame loss.
-
-    **Expected Result**:
-
-    Tests of back-to-back frames with physical devices have produced
-    unstable results in some cases. All tests should be repeated in multiple
-    test sessions and results stability should be examined.
-
-    **Metrics collected**
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  The back-to-back value, which is the the number of frames in the
-       longest burst that the DUT will handle without the loss of any
-       frames.
-    -  CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
-       test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
-
-    **Deployment scenario**:
-
-    -  Physical → virtual switch → physical.
-
-Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRateSoak
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC 2889 X% packet loss Max Forwarding Rate Soak Test
-
-    **Prerequisite Test** LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    The aim of this test is to understand the Max Forwarding Rate stability
-    over an extended test duration in order to uncover any outliers. To allow
-    for an extended test duration, the test should ideally run for 24 hours
-    or, if this is not possible, for at least 6 hours. For this test, each frame
-    size must be sent at the highest Throughput rate with X% packet loss, as
-    determined in the prerequisite test. The default loss percentages to be
-    tested are: - X = 0% - X = 10^-7%
-
-    Note: Other values can be tested if required by the user.
-
-    **Expected Result**:
-
-    **Metrics Collected**:
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  Max Forwarding Rate stability of the DUT.
-
-       -  This means reporting the number of packets lost per time interval
-          and reporting any time intervals with packet loss. The
-          `RFC2889 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2289.txt>`__
-          Forwarding Rate shall be measured in each interval.
-          An interval of 60s is suggested.
-
-    -  CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
-       test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
-    -  The `RFC5481 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__
-       PDV form of delay variation on the traffic flow,
-       using the 99th percentile.
-
-Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRateSoakFrameModification
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC 2889 Max Forwarding Rate Soak Test with Frame Modification
-
-    **Prerequisite Test**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatioFrameModification (0% Packet Loss)
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    The aim of this test is to understand the Max Forwarding Rate stability over an
-    extended test duration in order to uncover any outliers. To allow for an
-    extended test duration, the test should ideally run for 24 hours or, if
-    this is not possible, for at least 6 hour. For this test, each frame
-    size must be sent at the highest Throughput rate with 0% packet loss, as
-    determined in the prerequisite test.
-
-    During this test, the DUT must perform the following operations on the
-    traffic flow:
-
-    -  Perform packet parsing on the DUT's ingress port.
-    -  Perform any relevant address look-ups on the DUT's ingress ports.
-    -  Modify the packet header before forwarding the packet to the DUT's
-       egress port. Packet modifications include:
-
-       -  Modifying the Ethernet source or destination MAC address.
-       -  Modifying/adding a VLAN tag (**Recommended**).
-       -  Modifying/adding a MPLS tag.
-       -  Modifying the source or destination ip address.
-       -  Modifying the TOS/DSCP field.
-       -  Modifying the source or destination ports for UDP/TCP/SCTP.
-       -  Modifying the TTL.
-
-    **Expected Result**:
-
-    **Metrics Collected**:
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  Max Forwarding Rate stability of the DUT.
-
-       -  This means reporting the number of packets lost per time interval
-          and reporting any time intervals with packet loss. The
-          `RFC2889 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2289.txt>`__
-          Forwarding Rate shall be measured in each interval.
-          An interval of 60s is suggested.
-
-    -  CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
-       test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
-    -  The `RFC5481 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__ PDV form of delay variation on the traffic flow,
-       using the 99th percentile.
-
-Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC6201.ResetTime
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC 6201 Reset Time Test
-
-    **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    The aim of this test is to determine the length of time it takes the DUT
-    to recover from a reset.
-
-    Two reset methods are defined - planned and unplanned. A planned reset
-    requires stopping and restarting the virtual switch by the usual
-    'graceful' method defined by it's documentation. An unplanned reset
-    requires simulating a fatal internal fault in the virtual switch - for
-    example by using kill -SIGKILL on a Linux environment.
-
-    Both reset methods SHOULD be exercised.
-
-    For each frame size previously defined under `Default Test
-    Parameters <#DefaultParams>`__, traffic should be sent to the DUT under
-    normal conditions. During the duration of the test and while the traffic
-    flows are passing through the DUT, the DUT should be reset and the Reset
-    time measured. The Reset time is the total time that a device is
-    determined to be out of operation and includes the time to perform the
-    reset and the time to recover from it (cf. `RFC6201 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6201.txt>`__).
-
-    `RFC6201 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6201.txt>`__ defines two methods to measure the Reset time:
-      - Frame-Loss Method: which requires the monitoring of the number of
-        lost frames and calculates the Reset time based on the number of
-        frames lost and the offered rate according to the following
-        formula:
-
-        .. code-block:: console
-
-                                    Frames_lost (packets)
-                 Reset_time = -------------------------------------
-                                Offered_rate (packets per second)
-
-      - Timestamp Method: which measures the time from which the last frame
-        is forwarded from the DUT to the time the first frame is forwarded
-        after the reset. This involves time-stamping all transmitted frames
-        and recording the timestamp of the last frame that was received prior
-        to the reset and also measuring the timestamp of the first frame that
-        is received after the reset. The Reset time is the difference between
-        these two timestamps.
-
-    According to `RFC6201 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6201.txt>`__ the choice of method depends on the test
-    tool's capability; the Frame-Loss method SHOULD be used if the test tool
-    supports: - Counting the number of lost frames per stream. -
-    Transmitting test frame despite the physical link status.
-
-    whereas the Timestamp method SHOULD be used if the test tool supports: -
-    Timestamping each frame. - Monitoring received frame's timestamp. -
-    Transmitting frames only if the physical link status is up.
-
-    **Expected Result**:
-
-    **Metrics collected**
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test: - Average Reset
-    Time over the number of trials performed.
-
-    Results of this test should include the following information: - The
-    reset method used. - Throughput in Fps and Mbps. - Average Frame Loss
-    over the number of trials performed. - Average Reset Time in
-    milliseconds over the number of trials performed. - Number of trials
-    performed. - Protocol: IPv4, IPv6, MPLS, etc. - Frame Size in Octets -
-    Port Media: Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet (GbE), etc. - Port Speed: 10
-    Gbps, 40 Gbps etc. - Interface Encapsulation: Ethernet, Ethernet VLAN,
-    etc.
-
-    **Deployment scenario**:
-
-    -  Physical → virtual switch → physical.
-
-Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC2889 Forwarding Rate Test
-
-    **Prerequisite Test**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    This test measures the DUT's Max Forwarding Rate when the Offered Load
-    is varied between the throughput and the Maximum Offered Load for fixed
-    length frames at a fixed time interval. The selected frame sizes are
-    those previously defined under `Default Test
-    Parameters <#DefaultParams>`__. The throughput is the maximum offered
-    load with 0% frame loss (measured by the prerequisite test), and the
-    Maximum Offered Load (as defined by
-    `RFC2285 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2285.txt>`__) is *"the highest
-    number of frames per second that an external source can transmit to a
-    DUT/SUT for forwarding to a specified output interface or interfaces"*.
-
-    Traffic should be sent to the DUT at a particular rate (TX rate)
-    starting with TX rate equal to the throughput rate. The rate of
-    successfully received frames at the destination counted (in FPS). If the
-    RX rate is equal to the TX rate, the TX rate should be increased by a
-    fixed step size and the RX rate measured again until the Max Forwarding
-    Rate is found.
-
-    The trial duration for each iteration should last for the period of time
-    needed for the system to reach steady state for the frame size being
-    tested. Under `RFC2889 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2289.txt>`__
-    (Sec. 5.6.3.1) test methodology, the test
-    duration should run for a minimum period of 30 seconds, regardless
-    whether the system reaches steady state before the minimum duration
-    ends.
-
-    **Expected Result**: According to
-    `RFC2889 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2289.txt>`__ The Max Forwarding Rate
-    is the highest forwarding rate of a DUT taken from an iterative set of
-    forwarding rate measurements. The iterative set of forwarding rate
-    measurements are made by setting the intended load transmitted from an
-    external source and measuring the offered load (i.e what the DUT is
-    capable of forwarding). If the Throughput == the Maximum Offered Load,
-    it follows that Max Forwarding Rate is equal to the Maximum Offered
-    Load.
-
-    **Metrics Collected**:
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  The Max Forwarding Rate for the DUT for each packet size.
-    -  CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
-       test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
-
-    **Deployment scenario**:
-
-    -  Physical → virtual switch → physical. Note: Full mesh tests with
-       multiple ingress and egress ports are a key aspect of RFC 2889
-       benchmarks, and scenarios with both 2 and 4 ports should be tested.
-       In any case, the number of ports used must be reported.
-
-
-Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.ForwardPressure
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC2889 Forward Pressure Test
-
-    **Prerequisite Test**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    The aim of this test is to determine if the DUT transmits frames with an
-    inter-frame gap that is less than 12 bytes. This test overloads the DUT
-    and measures the output for forward pressure. Traffic should be
-    transmitted to the DUT with an inter-frame gap of 11 bytes, this will
-    overload the DUT by 1 byte per frame. The forwarding rate of the DUT
-    should be measured.
-
-    **Expected Result**: The forwarding rate should not exceed the maximum
-    forwarding rate of the DUT collected by
-    LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate.
-
-    **Metrics collected**
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  Forwarding rate of the DUT in FPS or Mbps.
-    -  CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
-       test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
-
-    **Deployment scenario**:
-
-    -  Physical → virtual switch → physical.
-
-
-Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.ErrorFramesFiltering
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC2889 Error Frames Filtering Test
-
-    **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    The aim of this test is to determine whether the DUT will propagate any
-    erroneous frames it receives or whether it is capable of filtering out
-    the erroneous frames. Traffic should be sent with erroneous frames
-    included within the flow at random intervals. Illegal frames that must
-    be tested include: - Oversize Frames. - Undersize Frames. - CRC Errored
-    Frames. - Dribble Bit Errored Frames - Alignment Errored Frames
-
-    The traffic flow exiting the DUT should be recorded and checked to
-    determine if the erroneous frames where passed through the DUT.
-
-    **Expected Result**: Broken frames are not passed!
-
-    **Metrics collected**
-
-    No Metrics are collected in this test, instead it determines:
-
-    -  Whether the DUT will propagate erroneous frames.
-    -  Or whether the DUT will correctly filter out any erroneous frames
-       from traffic flow with out removing correct frames.
-
-    **Deployment scenario**:
-
-    -  Physical → virtual switch → physical.
-
-Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.BroadcastFrameForwarding
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC2889 Broadcast Frame Forwarding Test
-
-    **Prerequisite Test**: N
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    The aim of this test is to determine the maximum forwarding rate of the
-    DUT when forwarding broadcast traffic. For each frame previously defined
-    under `Default Test Parameters <#DefaultParams>`__, the traffic should
-    be set up as broadcast traffic. The traffic throughput of the DUT should
-    be measured.
-
-    The test should be conducted with at least 4 physical ports on the DUT.
-    The number of ports used MUST be recorded.
-
-    As broadcast involves forwarding a single incoming packet to several
-    destinations, the latency of a single packet is defined as the average
-    of the latencies for each of the broadcast destinations.
-
-    The incoming packet is transmitted on each of the other physical ports,
-    it is not transmitted on the port on which it was received. The test MAY
-    be conducted using different broadcasting ports to uncover any
-    performance differences.
-
-    **Expected Result**:
-
-    **Metrics collected**:
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  The forwarding rate of the DUT when forwarding broadcast traffic.
-    -  The minimum, average & maximum packets latencies observed.
-
-    **Deployment scenario**:
-
-    -  Physical → virtual switch 3x physical. In the Broadcast rate testing,
-    four test ports are required. One of the ports is connected to the test
-    device, so it can send broadcast frames and listen for miss-routed frames.
-
-2.3.2 Packet Latency tests
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-These tests will measure the store and forward latency as well as the packet
-delay variation for various packet types through the virtual switch. The
-following list is not exhaustive but should indicate the type of tests
-that should be required. It is expected that more will be added.
-
-Test ID: LTD.PacketLatency.InitialPacketProcessingLatency
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: Initial Packet Processing Latency
-
-    **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    In some virtual switch architectures, the first packets of a flow will
-    take the system longer to process than subsequent packets in the flow.
-    This test determines the latency for these packets. The test will
-    measure the latency of the packets as they are processed by the
-    flow-setup-path of the DUT. There are two methods for this test, a
-    recommended method and a nalternative method that can be used if it is
-    possible to disable the fastpath of the virtual switch.
-
-    Recommended method: This test will send 64,000 packets to the DUT, each
-    belonging to a different flow. Average packet latency will be determined
-    over the 64,000 packets.
-
-    Alternative method: This test will send a single packet to the DUT after
-    a fixed interval of time. The time interval will be equivalent to the
-    amount of time it takes for a flow to time out in the virtual switch
-    plus 10%. Average packet latency will be determined over 1,000,000
-    packets.
-
-    This test is intended only for non-learning virtual switches; For learning
-    virtual switches use RFC2889.
-
-    For this test, only unidirectional traffic is required.
-
-    **Expected Result**: The average latency for the initial packet of all
-    flows should be greater than the latency of subsequent traffic.
-
-    **Metrics Collected**:
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  Average latency of the initial packets of all flows that are
-       processed by the DUT.
-
-    **Deployment scenario**:
-
-    -  Physical → Virtual Switch → Physical.
-
-Test ID: LTD.PacketDelayVariation.RFC3393.Soak
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: Packet Delay Variation Soak Test
-
-    **Prerequisite Tests**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio (0% Packet Loss)
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    The aim of this test is to understand the distribution of packet delay
-    variation for different frame sizes over an extended test duration and
-    to determine if there are any outliers. To allow for an extended test
-    duration, the test should ideally run for 24 hours or, if this is not
-    possible, for at least 6 hour. For this test, each frame size must be
-    sent at the highest possible throughput with 0% packet loss, as
-    determined in the prerequisite test.
-
-    **Expected Result**:
-
-    **Metrics Collected**:
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  The packet delay variation value for traffic passing through the DUT.
-    -  The `RFC5481 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5481.txt>`__
-       PDV form of delay variation on the traffic flow,
-       using the 99th percentile, for each 60s interval during the test.
-    -  CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
-       test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
-
-2.3.3 Scalability tests
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-The general aim of these tests is to understand the impact of large flow
-table size and flow lookups on throughput. The following list is not
-exhaustive but should indicate the type of tests that should be required.
-It is expected that more will be added.
-
-Test ID: LTD.Scalability.RFC2544.0PacketLoss
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC 2544 0% loss Scalability throughput test
-
-    **Prerequisite Test**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio, IF the
-    delta Throughput between the single-flow RFC2544 test and this test with
-    a variable number of flows is desired.
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    The aim of this test is to measure how throughput changes as the number
-    of flows in the DUT increases. The test will measure the throughput
-    through the fastpath, as such the flows need to be installed on the DUT
-    before passing traffic.
-
-    For each frame size previously defined under `Default Test
-    Parameters <#DefaultParams>`__ and for each of the following number of
-    flows:
-
-    -  1,000
-    -  2,000
-    -  4,000
-    -  8,000
-    -  16,000
-    -  32,000
-    -  64,000
-    -  Max supported number of flows.
-
-    This test will be conducted under two conditions following the
-    establishment of all flows as required by RFC 2544, regarding the flow
-    expiration time-out:
-
-    1) The time-out never expires during each trial.
-
-    2) The time-out expires for all flows periodically. This would require a
-    short time-out compared with flow re-appearance for a small number of
-    flows, and may not be possible for all flow conditions.
-
-    The maximum 0% packet loss Throughput should be determined in a manner
-    identical to LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio.
-
-    **Expected Result**:
-
-    **Metrics Collected**:
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  The maximum number of frames per second that can be forwarded at the
-       specified number of flows and the specified frame size, with zero
-       packet loss.
-
-Test ID: LTD.MemoryBandwidth.RFC2544.0PacketLoss.Scalability
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC 2544 0% loss Memory Bandwidth Scalability test
-
-    **Prerequisite Tests**: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio, IF the
-    delta Throughput between an undisturbed RFC2544 test and this test with
-    the Throughput affected by cache and memory bandwidth contention is desired.
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    The aim of this test is to understand how the DUT's performance is
-    affected by cache sharing and memory bandwidth between processes.
-
-    During the test all cores not used by the vSwitch should be running a
-    memory intensive application. This application should read and write
-    random data to random addresses in unused physical memory. The random
-    nature of the data and addresses is intended to consume cache, exercise
-    main memory access (as opposed to cache) and exercise all memory buses
-    equally. Furthermore:
-
-    - the ratio of reads to writes should be recorded. A ratio of 1:1
-      SHOULD be used.
-    - the reads and writes MUST be of cache-line size and be cache-line aligned.
-    - in NUMA architectures memory access SHOULD be local to the core's node.
-      Whether only local memory or a mix of local and remote memory is used
-      MUST be recorded.
-    - the memory bandwidth (reads plus writes) used per-core MUST be recorded;
-      the test MUST be run with a per-core memory bandwidth equal to half the
-      maximum system memory bandwidth divided by the number of cores. The test
-      MAY be run with other values for the per-core memory bandwidth.
-    - the test MAY also be run with the memory intensive application running
-      on all cores.
-
-    Under these conditions the DUT's 0% packet loss throughput is determined
-    as per LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio.
-
-    **Expected Result**:
-
-    **Metrics Collected**:
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  The DUT's 0% packet loss throughput in the presence of cache sharing and memory bandwidth between processes.
-
-2.3.4 Activation tests
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-The general aim of these tests is to understand the capacity of the
-and speed with which the vswitch can accomodate new flows.
-
-Test ID: LTD.Activation.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC2889 Address Caching Capacity Test
-
-    **Prerequisite Test**: N/A
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    Please note this test is only applicable to virtual switches that are capable of
-    MAC learning. The aim of this test is to determine the address caching
-    capacity of the DUT for a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed
-    interval time). The selected frame sizes are those previously defined
-    under `Default Test Parameters <#DefaultParams>`__.
-
-    In order to run this test the aging time, that is the maximum time the
-    DUT will keep a learned address in its flow table, and a set of initial
-    addresses, whose value should be >= 1 and <= the max number supported by
-    the implementation must be known. Please note that if the aging time is
-    configurable it must be longer than the time necessary to produce frames
-    from the external source at the specified rate. If the aging time is
-    fixed the frame rate must be brought down to a value that the external
-    source can produce in a time that is less than the aging time.
-
-    Learning Frames should be sent from an external source to the DUT to
-    install a number of flows. The Learning Frames must have a fixed
-    destination address and must vary the source address of the frames. The
-    DUT should install flows in its flow table based on the varying source
-    addresses. Frames should then be transmitted from an external source at
-    a suitable frame rate to see if the DUT has properly learned all of the
-    addresses. If there is no frame loss and no flooding, the number of
-    addresses sent to the DUT should be increased and the test is repeated
-    until the max number of cached addresses supported by the DUT
-    determined.
-
-    **Expected Result**:
-
-    **Metrics collected**:
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  Number of cached addresses supported by the DUT.
-    -  CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
-       test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
-
-    **Deployment scenario**:
-
-    -  Physical → virtual switch → 2 x physical (one receiving, one listening).
-
-Test ID: LTD.Activation.RFC2889.AddressLearningRate
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC2889 Address Learning Rate Test
-
-    **Prerequisite Test**: LTD.Memory.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    Please note this test is only applicable to virtual switches that are capable of
-    MAC learning. The aim of this test is to determine the rate of address
-    learning of the DUT for a constant load (fixed length frames at a fixed
-    interval time). The selected frame sizes are those previously defined
-    under `Default Test Parameters <#DefaultParams>`__, traffic should be
-    sent with each IPv4/IPv6 address incremented by one. The rate at which
-    the DUT learns a new address should be measured. The maximum caching
-    capacity from LTD.Memory.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity should be taken
-    into consideration as the maximum number of addresses for which the
-    learning rate can be obtained.
-
-    **Expected Result**: It may be worthwhile to report the behaviour when
-    operating beyond address capacity - some DUTs may be more friendly to
-    new addresses than others.
-
-    **Metrics collected**:
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  The address learning rate of the DUT.
-
-    **Deployment scenario**:
-
-    -  Physical → virtual switch → 2 x physical (one receiving, one listening).
-
-
-2.3.5 Coupling between control path and datapath Tests
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-The following tests aim to determine how tightly coupled the datapath
-and the control path are within a virtual switch. The following list
-is not exhaustive but should indicate the type of tests that should be
-required. It is expected that more will be added.
-
-Test ID: LTD.CPDPCouplingFlowAddition
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: Control Path and Datapath Coupling
-
-    **Prerequisite Test**:
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    The aim of this test is to understand how exercising the DUT's control
-    path affects datapath performance.
-
-    Initially a certain number of flow table entries are installed in the
-    vSwitch. Then over the duration of an RFC2544 throughput test
-    flow-entries are added and removed at the rates specified below. No
-    traffic is 'hitting' these flow-entries, they are simply added and
-    removed.
-
-    The test MUST be repeated with the following initial number of
-    flow-entries installed: - < 10 - 1000 - 100,000 - 10,000,000 (or the
-    maximum supported number of flow-entries)
-
-    The test MUST be repeated with the following rates of flow-entry
-    addition and deletion per second: - 0 - 1 (i.e. 1 addition plus 1
-    deletion) - 100 - 10,000
-
-    **Expected Result**:
-
-    **Metrics Collected**:
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  The maximum forwarding rate in Frames Per Second (FPS) and Mbps of
-       the DUT.
-    -  The average latency of the traffic flow when passing through the DUT
-       (if testing for latency, note that this average is different from the
-       test specified in Section 26.3 of
-       `RFC2544 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt>`__).
-    -  CPU and memory utilization may also be collected as part of this
-       test, to determine the vSwitch's performance footprint on the system.
-
-    **Deployment scenario**:
-
-    -  Physical → virtual switch → physical.
-
-2.3.6 CPU and memory consumption
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-The following tests will profile a virtual switch's CPU and memory
-utilization under various loads and circumstances. The following
-list is not exhaustive but should indicate the type of tests that
-should be required. It is expected that more will be added.
-
-Test ID: LTD.CPU.RFC2544.0PacketLoss
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    **Title**: RFC 2544 0% Loss Compute Test
-
-    **Prerequisite Test**:
-
-    **Priority**:
-
-    **Description**:
-
-    The aim of this test is to understand the overall performance of the
-    system when a CPU intensive application is run on the same DUT as the
-    Virtual Switch. For each frame size, an
-    LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio (0% Packet Loss) test should be
-    performed. Throughout the entire test a CPU intensive application should
-    be run on all cores on the system not in use by the Virtual Switch. For
-    NUMA system only cores on the same NUMA node are loaded.
-
-    It is recommended that stress-ng be used for loading the non-Virtual
-    Switch cores but any stress tool MAY be used.
-
-    **Expected Result**:
-
-    **Metrics Collected**:
-
-    The following are the metrics collected for this test:
-
-    -  CPU utilization of the cores running the Virtual Switch.
-    -  The number of identity of the cores allocated to the Virtual Switch.
-    -  The configuration of the stress tool (for example the command line
-       parameters used to start it.)
-
-2.3.7 Summary List of Tests
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-1. Throughput tests
-
-  - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatio
-  - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRatioFrameModification
-  - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.Profile
-  - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.SystemRecoveryTime
-  - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2544.BackToBackFrames
-  - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.Soak
-  - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.SoakFrameModification
-  - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC6201.ResetTime
-  - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate
-  - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.ForwardPressure
-  - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.ErrorFramesFiltering
-  - Test ID: LTD.Throughput.RFC2889.BroadcastFrameForwarding
-
-2. Packet Latency tests
-
-  - Test ID: LTD.PacketLatency.InitialPacketProcessingLatency
-  - Test ID: LTD.PacketDelayVariation.RFC3393.Soak
-
-3. Scalability tests
-
-  - Test ID: LTD.Scalability.RFC2544.0PacketLoss
-  - Test ID: LTD.MemoryBandwidth.RFC2544.0PacketLoss.Scalability
-
-4. Acivation tests
-
-  - Test ID: LTD.Activation.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity
-  - Test ID: LTD.Activation.RFC2889.AddressLearningRate
-
-5. Coupling between control path and datapath Tests
-
-  - Test ID: LTD.CPDPCouplingFlowAddition
-
-6. CPU and memory consumption
-
-  - Test ID: LTD.CPU.RFC2544.0PacketLoss