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@@ -1,1016 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
-<!DOCTYPE rfc SYSTEM "rfc2629.dtd">
-<?rfc toc="yes"?>
-<?rfc tocompact="yes"?>
-<?rfc tocdepth="3"?>
-<?rfc tocindent="yes"?>
-<?rfc symrefs="yes"?>
-<?rfc sortrefs="yes"?>
-<?rfc comments="yes"?>
-<?rfc inline="yes"?>
-<?rfc compact="yes"?>
-<?rfc subcompact="no"?>
-<rfc category="info" docName="draft-vsperf-bmwg-vswitch-opnfv-02"
-     ipr="trust200902">
-  <front>
-    <title abbrev="Benchmarking vSwitches">Benchmarking Virtual Switches in
-    OPNFV</title>
-
-    <author fullname="Maryam Tahhan" initials="M." surname="Tahhan">
-      <organization>Intel</organization>
-
-      <address>
-        <postal>
-          <street/>
-
-          <city/>
-
-          <region/>
-
-          <code/>
-
-          <country/>
-        </postal>
-
-        <phone/>
-
-        <facsimile/>
-
-        <email>maryam.tahhan@intel.com</email>
-
-        <uri/>
-      </address>
-    </author>
-
-    <author fullname="Billy O'Mahony" initials="B." surname="O'Mahony">
-      <organization>Intel</organization>
-
-      <address>
-        <postal>
-          <street/>
-
-          <city/>
-
-          <region/>
-
-          <code/>
-
-          <country/>
-        </postal>
-
-        <phone/>
-
-        <facsimile/>
-
-        <email>billy.o.mahony@intel.com</email>
-
-        <uri/>
-      </address>
-    </author>
-
-    <author fullname="Al Morton" initials="A." surname="Morton">
-      <organization>AT&amp;T Labs</organization>
-
-      <address>
-        <postal>
-          <street>200 Laurel Avenue South</street>
-
-          <city>Middletown,</city>
-
-          <region>NJ</region>
-
-          <code>07748</code>
-
-          <country>USA</country>
-        </postal>
-
-        <phone>+1 732 420 1571</phone>
-
-        <facsimile>+1 732 368 1192</facsimile>
-
-        <email>acmorton@att.com</email>
-
-        <uri>http://home.comcast.net/~acmacm/</uri>
-      </address>
-    </author>
-
-    <date day="21" month="March" year="2016"/>
-
-    <abstract>
-      <t>This memo describes the progress of the Open Platform for NFV (OPNFV)
-      project on virtual switch performance "VSWITCHPERF". This project
-      intends to build on the current and completed work of the Benchmarking
-      Methodology Working Group in IETF, by referencing existing literature.
-      The Benchmarking Methodology Working Group has traditionally conducted
-      laboratory characterization of dedicated physical implementations of
-      internetworking functions. Therefore, this memo begins to describe the
-      additional considerations when virtual switches are implemented in
-      general-purpose hardware. The expanded tests and benchmarks are also
-      influenced by the OPNFV mission to support virtualization of the "telco"
-      infrastructure.</t>
-    </abstract>
-
-    <note title="Requirements Language">
-      <t>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
-      "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
-      document are to be interpreted as described in <xref
-      target="RFC2119">RFC 2119</xref>.</t>
-
-      <t/>
-    </note>
-  </front>
-
-  <middle>
-    <section title="Introduction">
-      <t>Benchmarking Methodology Working Group (BMWG) has traditionally
-      conducted laboratory characterization of dedicated physical
-      implementations of internetworking functions. The Black-box Benchmarks
-      of Throughput, Latency, Forwarding Rates and others have served our
-      industry for many years. Now, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has
-      the goal to transform how internetwork functions are implemented, and
-      therefore has garnered much attention.</t>
-
-      <t>This memo summarizes the progress of the Open Platform for NFV
-      (OPNFV) project on virtual switch performance characterization,
-      "VSWITCHPERF", through the Brahmaputra (second) release <xref
-      target="BrahRel"/>. This project intends to build on the current and
-      completed work of the Benchmarking Methodology Working Group in IETF, by
-      referencing existing literature. For example, currently the most often
-      referenced RFC is <xref target="RFC2544"/> (which depends on <xref
-      target="RFC1242"/>) and foundation of the benchmarking work in OPNFV is
-      common and strong.</t>
-
-      <t>See
-      https://wiki.opnfv.org/characterize_vswitch_performance_for_telco_nfv_use_cases
-      for more background, and the OPNFV website for general information:
-      https://www.opnfv.org/</t>
-
-      <t>The authors note that OPNFV distinguishes itself from other open
-      source compute and networking projects through its emphasis on existing
-      "telco" services as opposed to cloud-computing. There are many ways in
-      which telco requirements have different emphasis on performance
-      dimensions when compared to cloud computing: support for and transfer of
-      isochronous media streams is one example.</t>
-
-      <t>Note also that the move to NFV Infrastructure has resulted in many
-      new benchmarking initiatives across the industry. The authors are
-      currently doing their best to maintain alignment with many other
-      projects, and this Internet Draft is one part of the efforts. We
-      acknowledge the early work in <xref
-      target="I-D.huang-bmwg-virtual-network-performance"/>, and useful
-      discussion with the authors.</t>
-    </section>
-
-    <section title="Scope">
-      <t>The primary purpose and scope of the memo is to inform the industry
-      of work-in-progress that builds on the body of extensive BMWG literature
-      and experience, and describe the extensions needed for benchmarking
-      virtual switches. Inital feedback indicates that many of these
-      extensions may be applicable beyond the current scope (to hardware
-      switches in the NFV Infrastructure and to virtual routers, for example).
-      Additionally, this memo serves as a vehicle to include more detail and
-      commentary from BMWG and other Open Source communities, under BMWG's
-      chartered work to characterize the NFV Infrastructure (a virtual switch
-      is an important aspect of that infrastructure).</t>
-    </section>
-
-    <section title="Benchmarking Considerations">
-      <t>This section highlights some specific considerations (from <xref
-      target="I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net"/>)related to Benchmarks for virtual
-      switches. The OPNFV project is sharing its present view on these areas,
-      as they develop their specifications in the Level Test Design (LTD)
-      document.</t>
-
-      <section title="Comparison with Physical Network Functions">
-        <t>To compare the performance of virtual designs and implementations
-        with their physical counterparts, identical benchmarks are needed.
-        BMWG has developed specifications for many network functions this memo
-        re-uses existing benchmarks through references, and expands them
-        during development of new methods. A key configuration aspect is the
-        number of parallel cores required to achieve comparable performance
-        with a given physical device, or whether some limit of scale was
-        reached before the cores could achieve the comparable level.</t>
-
-        <t>It's unlikely that the virtual switch will be the only application
-        running on the SUT, so CPU utilization, Cache utilization, and Memory
-        footprint should also be recorded for the virtual implementations of
-        internetworking functions.</t>
-      </section>
-
-      <section title="Continued Emphasis on Black-Box Benchmarks">
-        <t>External observations remain essential as the basis for Benchmarks.
-        Internal observations with fixed specification and interpretation will
-        be provided in parallel to assist the development of operations
-        procedures when the technology is deployed.</t>
-      </section>
-
-      <section title="New Configuration Parameters">
-        <t>A key consideration when conducting any sort of benchmark is trying
-        to ensure the consistency and repeatability of test results. When
-        benchmarking the performance of a vSwitch there are many factors that
-        can affect the consistency of results, one key factor is matching the
-        various hardware and software details of the SUT. This section lists
-        some of the many new parameters which this project believes are
-        critical to report in order to achieve repeatability.</t>
-
-        <t>Hardware details including:</t>
-
-        <t><list style="symbols">
-            <t>Platform details</t>
-
-            <t>Processor details</t>
-
-            <t>Memory information (type and size)</t>
-
-            <t>Number of enabled cores</t>
-
-            <t>Number of cores used for the test</t>
-
-            <t>Number of physical NICs, as well as their details
-            (manufacturer, versions, type and the PCI slot they are plugged
-            into)</t>
-
-            <t>NIC interrupt configuration</t>
-
-            <t>BIOS version, release date and any configurations that were
-            modified</t>
-
-            <t>CPU microcode level</t>
-
-            <t>Memory DIMM configurations (quad rank performance may not be
-            the same as dual rank) in size, freq and slot locations</t>
-
-            <t>PCI configuration parameters (payload size, early ack
-            option...)</t>
-
-            <t>Power management at all levels (ACPI sleep states, processor
-            package, OS...)</t>
-          </list>Software details including:</t>
-
-        <t><list style="symbols">
-            <t>OS parameters and behavior (text vs graphical no one typing at
-            the console on one system)</t>
-
-            <t>OS version (for host and VNF)</t>
-
-            <t>Kernel version (for host and VNF)</t>
-
-            <t>GRUB boot parameters (for host and VNF)</t>
-
-            <t>Hypervisor details (Type and version)</t>
-
-            <t>Selected vSwitch, version number or commit id used</t>
-
-            <t>vSwitch launch command line if it has been parameterised</t>
-
-            <t>Memory allocation to the vSwitch</t>
-
-            <t>which NUMA node it is using, and how many memory channels</t>
-
-            <t>DPDK or any other SW dependency version number or commit id
-            used</t>
-
-            <t>Memory allocation to a VM - if it's from Hugpages/elsewhere</t>
-
-            <t>VM storage type: snapshot/independent persistent/independent
-            non-persistent</t>
-
-            <t>Number of VMs</t>
-
-            <t>Number of Virtual NICs (vNICs), versions, type and driver</t>
-
-            <t>Number of virtual CPUs and their core affinity on the host</t>
-
-            <t>Number vNIC interrupt configuration</t>
-
-            <t>Thread affinitization for the applications (including the
-            vSwitch itself) on the host</t>
-
-            <t>Details of Resource isolation, such as CPUs designated for
-            Host/Kernel (isolcpu) and CPUs designated for specific processes
-            (taskset). - Test duration. - Number of flows.</t>
-          </list></t>
-
-        <t>Test Traffic Information:<list style="symbols">
-            <t>Traffic type - UDP, TCP, IMIX / Other</t>
-
-            <t>Packet Sizes</t>
-
-            <t>Deployment Scenario</t>
-          </list></t>
-
-        <t/>
-      </section>
-
-      <section title="Flow classification">
-        <t>Virtual switches group packets into flows by processing and
-        matching particular packet or frame header information, or by matching
-        packets based on the input ports. Thus a flow can be thought of a
-        sequence of packets that have the same set of header field values or
-        have arrived on the same port. Performance results can vary based on
-        the parameters the vSwitch uses to match for a flow. The recommended
-        flow classification parameters for any vSwitch performance tests are:
-        the input port, the source IP address, the destination IP address and
-        the Ethernet protocol type field. It is essential to increase the flow
-        timeout time on a vSwitch before conducting any performance tests that
-        do not measure the flow setup time. Normally the first packet of a
-        particular stream will install the flow in the virtual switch which
-        adds an additional latency, subsequent packets of the same flow are
-        not subject to this latency if the flow is already installed on the
-        vSwitch.</t>
-      </section>
-
-      <section title="Benchmarks using Baselines with Resource Isolation">
-        <t>This outline describes measurement of baseline with isolated
-        resources at a high level, which is the intended approach at this
-        time.</t>
-
-        <t><list style="numbers">
-            <t>Baselines: <list style="symbols">
-                <t>Optional: Benchmark platform forwarding capability without
-                a vswitch or VNF for at least 72 hours (serves as a means of
-                platform validation and a means to obtain the base performance
-                for the platform in terms of its maximum forwarding rate and
-                latency). <figure>
-                    <preamble>Benchmark platform forwarding
-                    capability</preamble>
-
-                    <artwork align="right"><![CDATA[                                                      __
- +--------------------------------------------------+   |
- |   +------------------------------------------+   |   |
- |   |                                          |   |   |
- |   |          Simple Forwarding App           |   |  Host
- |   |                                          |   |   |
- |   +------------------------------------------+   |   |
- |   |                 NIC                      |   |   |
- +---+------------------------------------------+---+ __|
-            ^                           :
-            |                           |
-            :                           v
- +--------------------------------------------------+
- |                                                  |
- |                traffic generator                 |
- |                                                  |
- +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
-
-                    <postamble/>
-                  </figure></t>
-
-                <t>Benchmark VNF forwarding capability with direct
-                connectivity (vSwitch bypass, e.g., SR/IOV) for at least 72
-                hours (serves as a means of VNF validation and a means to
-                obtain the base performance for the VNF in terms of its
-                maximum forwarding rate and latency). The metrics gathered
-                from this test will serve as a key comparison point for
-                vSwitch bypass technologies performance and vSwitch
-                performance. <figure align="right">
-                    <preamble>Benchmark VNF forwarding capability</preamble>
-
-                    <artwork><![CDATA[                                                      __
- +--------------------------------------------------+   |
- |   +------------------------------------------+   |   |
- |   |                                          |   |   |
- |   |                 VNF                      |   |   |
- |   |                                          |   |   |
- |   +------------------------------------------+   |   |
- |   |          Passthrough/SR-IOV              |   |  Host
- |   +------------------------------------------+   |   |
- |   |                 NIC                      |   |   |
- +---+------------------------------------------+---+ __|
-            ^                           :
-            |                           |
-            :                           v
- +--------------------------------------------------+
- |                                                  |
- |                traffic generator                 |
- |                                                  |
- +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
-
-                    <postamble/>
-                  </figure></t>
-
-                <t>Benchmarking with isolated resources alone, with other
-                resources (both HW&amp;SW) disabled Example, vSw and VM are
-                SUT</t>
-
-                <t>Benchmarking with isolated resources alone, leaving some
-                resources unused</t>
-
-                <t>Benchmark with isolated resources and all resources
-                occupied</t>
-              </list></t>
-
-            <t>Next Steps<list style="symbols">
-                <t>Limited sharing</t>
-
-                <t>Production scenarios</t>
-
-                <t>Stressful scenarios</t>
-              </list></t>
-          </list></t>
-      </section>
-    </section>
-
-    <section title="VSWITCHPERF Specification Summary">
-      <t>The overall specification in preparation is referred to as a Level
-      Test Design (LTD) document, which will contain a suite of performance
-      tests. The base performance tests in the LTD are based on the
-      pre-existing specifications developed by BMWG to test the performance of
-      physical switches. These specifications include:</t>
-
-      <t><list style="symbols">
-          <t><xref target="RFC2544"/> Benchmarking Methodology for Network
-          Interconnect Devices</t>
-
-          <t><xref target="RFC2889"/> Benchmarking Methodology for LAN
-          Switching</t>
-
-          <t><xref target="RFC6201"/> Device Reset Characterization</t>
-
-          <t><xref target="RFC5481"/> Packet Delay Variation Applicability
-          Statement</t>
-        </list></t>
-
-      <t>Some of the above/newer RFCs are being applied in benchmarking for
-      the first time, and represent a development challenge for test equipment
-      developers. Fortunately, many members of the testing system community
-      have engaged on the VSPERF project, including an open source test
-      system.</t>
-
-      <t>In addition to this, the LTD also re-uses the terminology defined
-      by:</t>
-
-      <t><list style="symbols">
-          <t><xref target="RFC2285"/> Benchmarking Terminology for LAN
-          Switching Devices</t>
-
-          <t><xref target="RFC5481"/> Packet Delay Variation Applicability
-          Statement</t>
-        </list></t>
-
-      <t/>
-
-      <t>Specifications to be included in future updates of the LTD
-      include:<list style="symbols">
-          <t><xref target="RFC3918"/> Methodology for IP Multicast
-          Benchmarking</t>
-
-          <t><xref target="RFC4737"/> Packet Reordering Metrics</t>
-        </list></t>
-
-      <t>As one might expect, the most fundamental internetworking
-      characteristics of Throughput and Latency remain important when the
-      switch is virtualized, and these benchmarks figure prominently in the
-      specification.</t>
-
-      <t>When considering characteristics important to "telco" network
-      functions, we must begin to consider additional performance metrics. In
-      this case, the project specifications have referenced metrics from the
-      IETF IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) literature. This means that the <xref
-      target="RFC2544"/> test of Latency is replaced by measurement of a
-      metric derived from IPPM's <xref target="RFC2679"/>, where a set of
-      statistical summaries will be provided (mean, max, min, etc.). Further
-      metrics planned to be benchmarked include packet delay variation as
-      defined by <xref target="RFC5481"/> , reordering, burst behaviour, DUT
-      availability, DUT capacity and packet loss in long term testing at
-      Throughput level, where some low-level of background loss may be present
-      and characterized.</t>
-
-      <t>Tests have been (or will be) designed to collect the metrics
-      below:</t>
-
-      <t><list style="symbols">
-          <t>Throughput Tests to measure the maximum forwarding rate (in
-          frames per second or fps) and bit rate (in Mbps) for a constant load
-          (as defined by <xref target="RFC1242"/>) without traffic loss.</t>
-
-          <t>Packet and Frame Delay Distribution Tests to measure average, min
-          and max packet and frame delay for constant loads.</t>
-
-          <t>Packet Delay Tests to understand latency distribution for
-          different packet sizes and over an extended test run to uncover
-          outliers.</t>
-
-          <t>Scalability Tests to understand how the virtual switch performs
-          as the number of flows, active ports, complexity of the forwarding
-          logic&rsquo;s configuration&hellip; it has to deal with
-          increases.</t>
-
-          <t>Stream Performance Tests (TCP, UDP) to measure bulk data transfer
-          performance, i.e. how fast systems can send and receive data through
-          the switch.</t>
-
-          <t>Control Path and Datapath Coupling Tests, to understand how
-          closely coupled the datapath and the control path are as well as the
-          effect of this coupling on the performance of the DUT (example:
-          delay of the initial packet of a flow).</t>
-
-          <t>CPU and Memory Consumption Tests to understand the virtual
-          switch&rsquo;s footprint on the system, usually conducted as
-          auxiliary measurements with benchmarks above. They include: CPU
-          utilization, Cache utilization and Memory footprint.</t>
-
-          <t>The so-called "Soak" tests, where the selected test is conducted
-          over a long period of time (with an ideal duration of 24 hours, and
-          at least 6 hours). The purpose of soak tests is to capture transient
-          changes in performance which may occur due to infrequent processes
-          or the low probability coincidence of two or more processes. The
-          performance must be evaluated periodically during continuous
-          testing, and this results in use of <xref target="RFC2889"/> Frame
-          Rate metrics instead of <xref target="RFC2544"/> Throughput (which
-          requires stopping traffic to allow time for all traffic to exit
-          internal queues).</t>
-        </list></t>
-
-      <t>Future/planned test specs include:<list style="symbols">
-          <t>Request/Response Performance Tests (TCP, UDP) which measure the
-          transaction rate through the switch.</t>
-
-          <t>Noisy Neighbour Tests, to understand the effects of resource
-          sharing on the performance of a virtual switch.</t>
-
-          <t>Tests derived from examination of ETSI NFV Draft GS IFA003
-          requirements <xref target="IFA003"/> on characterization of
-          acceleration technologies applied to vswitches.</t>
-        </list>The flexibility of deployment of a virtual switch within a
-      network means that the BMWG IETF existing literature needs to be used to
-      characterize the performance of a switch in various deployment
-      scenarios. The deployment scenarios under consideration include:</t>
-
-      <t><figure>
-          <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to physical
-          port</preamble>
-
-          <artwork><![CDATA[                                                      __
- +--------------------------------------------------+   |
- |              +--------------------+              |   |
- |              |                    |              |   |
- |              |                    v              |   |  Host
- |   +--------------+            +--------------+   |   |
- |   |   phy port   |  vSwitch   |   phy port   |   |   |
- +---+--------------+------------+--------------+---+ __|
-            ^                           :
-            |                           |
-            :                           v
- +--------------------------------------------------+
- |                                                  |
- |                traffic generator                 |
- |                                                  |
- +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
-        </figure></t>
-
-      <t><figure>
-          <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF to virtual switch
-          to physical port</preamble>
-
-          <artwork><![CDATA[                                                      __
- +---------------------------------------------------+   |
- |                                                   |   |
- |   +-------------------------------------------+   |   |
- |   |                 Application               |   |   |
- |   +-------------------------------------------+   |   |
- |       ^                                  :        |   |
- |       |                                  |        |   |  Guest
- |       :                                  v        |   |
- |   +---------------+           +---------------+   |   |
- |   | logical port 0|           | logical port 1|   |   |
- +---+---------------+-----------+---------------+---+ __|
-         ^                                  :
-         |                                  |
-         :                                  v         __
- +---+---------------+----------+---------------+---+   |
- |   | logical port 0|          | logical port 1|   |   |
- |   +---------------+          +---------------+   |   |
- |       ^                                  :       |   |
- |       |                                  |       |   |  Host
- |       :                                  v       |   |
- |   +--------------+            +--------------+   |   |
- |   |   phy port   |  vSwitch   |   phy port   |   |   |
- +---+--------------+------------+--------------+---+ __|
-            ^                           :
-            |                           |
-            :                           v
- +--------------------------------------------------+
- |                                                  |
- |                traffic generator                 |
- |                                                  |
- +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
-        </figure><figure>
-          <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF to virtual switch
-          to VNF to virtual switch to physical port</preamble>
-
-          <artwork><![CDATA[                                                   __
- +----------------------+  +----------------------+  |
- |   Guest 1            |  |   Guest 2            |  |
- |   +---------------+  |  |   +---------------+  |  |
- |   |  Application  |  |  |   |  Application  |  |  |
- |   +---------------+  |  |   +---------------+  |  |
- |       ^       |      |  |       ^       |      |  |
- |       |       v      |  |       |       v      |  |  Guests
- |   +---------------+  |  |   +---------------+  |  |
- |   | logical ports |  |  |   | logical ports |  |  |
- |   |   0       1   |  |  |   |   0       1   |  |  |
- +---+---------------+--+  +---+---------------+--+__|
-         ^       :                 ^       :
-         |       |                 |       |
-         :       v                 :       v       _
- +---+---------------+---------+---------------+--+ |
- |   |   0       1   |         |   3       4   |  | |
- |   | logical ports |         | logical ports |  | |
- |   +---------------+         +---------------+  | |
- |       ^       |                 ^       |      | |  Host
- |       |       |-----------------|       v      | |
- |   +--------------+          +--------------+   | |
- |   |   phy ports  | vSwitch  |   phy ports  |   | |
- +---+--------------+----------+--------------+---+_|
-         ^                                 :
-         |                                 |
-         :                                 v
- +--------------------------------------------------+
- |                                                  |
- |                traffic generator                 |
- |                                                  |
- +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
-        </figure><figure>
-          <preamble>Physical port to virtual switch to VNF</preamble>
-
-          <artwork><![CDATA[                                                       __
- +---------------------------------------------------+   |
- |                                                   |   |
- |   +-------------------------------------------+   |   |
- |   |                 Application               |   |   |
- |   +-------------------------------------------+   |   |
- |       ^                                           |   |
- |       |                                           |   |  Guest
- |       :                                           |   |
- |   +---------------+                               |   |
- |   | logical port 0|                               |   |
- +---+---------------+-------------------------------+ __|
-         ^
-         |
-         :                                            __
- +---+---------------+------------------------------+   |
- |   | logical port 0|                              |   |
- |   +---------------+                              |   |
- |       ^                                          |   |
- |       |                                          |   |  Host
- |       :                                          |   |
- |   +--------------+                               |   |
- |   |   phy port   |  vSwitch                      |   |
- +---+--------------+------------ -------------- ---+ __|
-            ^
-            |
-            :
- +--------------------------------------------------+
- |                                                  |
- |                traffic generator                 |
- |                                                  |
- +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
-        </figure><figure>
-          <preamble>VNF to virtual switch to physical port</preamble>
-
-          <artwork><![CDATA[                                                       __
- +---------------------------------------------------+   |
- |                                                   |   |
- |   +-------------------------------------------+   |   |
- |   |                 Application               |   |   |
- |   +-------------------------------------------+   |   |
- |                                          :        |   |
- |                                          |        |   |  Guest
- |                                          v        |   |
- |                               +---------------+   |   |
- |                               | logical port  |   |   |
- +-------------------------------+---------------+---+ __|
-                                            :
-                                            |
-                                            v         __
- +------------------------------+---------------+---+   |
- |                              | logical port  |   |   |
- |                              +---------------+   |   |
- |                                          :       |   |
- |                                          |       |   |  Host
- |                                          v       |   |
- |                               +--------------+   |   |
- |                     vSwitch   |   phy port   |   |   |
- +-------------------------------+--------------+---+ __|
-                                        :
-                                        |
-                                        v
- +--------------------------------------------------+
- |                                                  |
- |                traffic generator                 |
- |                                                  |
- +--------------------------------------------------+]]></artwork>
-        </figure><figure>
-          <preamble>VNF to virtual switch to VNF</preamble>
-
-          <artwork><![CDATA[                                                   __
- +----------------------+  +----------------------+  |
- |   Guest 1            |  |   Guest 2            |  |
- |   +---------------+  |  |   +---------------+  |  |
- |   |  Application  |  |  |   |  Application  |  |  |
- |   +---------------+  |  |   +---------------+  |  |
- |              |       |  |       ^              |  |
- |              v       |  |       |              |  |  Guests
- |   +---------------+  |  |   +---------------+  |  |
- |   | logical ports |  |  |   | logical ports |  |  |
- |   |           0   |  |  |   |   0           |  |  |
- +---+---------------+--+  +---+---------------+--+__|
-                 :                 ^
-                 |                 |
-                 v                 :               _
- +---+---------------+---------+---------------+--+ |
- |   |           1   |         |   1           |  | |
- |   | logical ports |         | logical ports |  | |
- |   +---------------+         +---------------+  | |
- |               |                 ^              | |  Host
- |               L-----------------+              | |
- |                                                | |
- |                    vSwitch                     | |
- +------------------------------------------------+_|]]></artwork>
-        </figure></t>
-
-      <t>A set of Deployment Scenario figures is available on the VSPERF Test
-      Methodology Wiki page <xref target="TestTopo"/>.</t>
-    </section>
-
-    <section title="3x3 Matrix Coverage">
-      <t>This section organizes the many existing test specifications into the
-      "3x3" matrix (introduced in <xref target="I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net"/>).
-      Because the LTD specification ID names are quite long, this section is
-      organized into lists for each occupied cell of the matrix (not all are
-      occupied, also the matrix has grown to 3x4 to accommodate scale metrics
-      when displaying the coverage of many metrics/benchmarks). The current
-      version of the LTD specification is available <xref target="LTD"/>.</t>
-
-      <t>The tests listed below assess the activation of paths in the data
-      plane, rather than the control plane.</t>
-
-      <t>A complete list of tests with short summaries is available on the
-      VSPERF "LTD Test Spec Overview" Wiki page <xref target="LTDoverV"/>.</t>
-
-      <section title="Speed of Activation">
-        <t><list style="symbols">
-            <t>Activation.RFC2889.AddressLearningRate</t>
-
-            <t>PacketLatency.InitialPacketProcessingLatency</t>
-          </list></t>
-      </section>
-
-      <section title="Accuracy of Activation section">
-        <t><list style="symbols">
-            <t>CPDP.Coupling.Flow.Addition</t>
-          </list></t>
-      </section>
-
-      <section title="Reliability of Activation">
-        <t><list style="symbols">
-            <t>Throughput.RFC2544.SystemRecoveryTime</t>
-
-            <t>Throughput.RFC2544.ResetTime</t>
-          </list></t>
-      </section>
-
-      <section title="Scale of Activation">
-        <t><list style="symbols">
-            <t>Activation.RFC2889.AddressCachingCapacity</t>
-          </list></t>
-      </section>
-
-      <section title="Speed of Operation">
-        <t><list style="symbols">
-            <t>Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRate</t>
-
-            <t>CPU.RFC2544.0PacketLoss</t>
-
-            <t>Throughput.RFC2544.PacketLossRateFrameModification</t>
-
-            <t>Throughput.RFC2544.BackToBackFrames</t>
-
-            <t>Throughput.RFC2889.MaxForwardingRate</t>
-
-            <t>Throughput.RFC2889.ForwardPressure</t>
-
-            <t>Throughput.RFC2889.BroadcastFrameForwarding</t>
-          </list></t>
-      </section>
-
-      <section title="Accuracy of Operation">
-        <t><list style="symbols">
-            <t>Throughput.RFC2889.ErrorFramesFiltering</t>
-
-            <t>Throughput.RFC2544.Profile</t>
-          </list></t>
-      </section>
-
-      <section title="Reliability of Operation">
-        <t><list style="symbols">
-            <t>Throughput.RFC2889.Soak</t>
-
-            <t>Throughput.RFC2889.SoakFrameModification</t>
-
-            <t>PacketDelayVariation.RFC3393.Soak</t>
-          </list></t>
-      </section>
-
-      <section title="Scalability of Operation">
-        <t><list style="symbols">
-            <t>Scalability.RFC2544.0PacketLoss</t>
-
-            <t>MemoryBandwidth.RFC2544.0PacketLoss.Scalability</t>
-          </list></t>
-      </section>
-
-      <section title="Summary">
-        <t><figure>
-            <artwork><![CDATA[|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-|               |             |            |               |             |
-|               |   SPEED     |  ACCURACY  |  RELIABILITY  |    SCALE    |
-|               |             |            |               |             |
-|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-|               |             |            |               |             |
-|  Activation   |      X      |     X      |       X       |      X      |
-|               |             |            |               |             |
-|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-|               |             |            |               |             |
-|  Operation    |      X      |      X     |       X       |      X      |
-|               |             |            |               |             |
-|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-|               |             |            |               |             |
-| De-activation |             |            |               |             |
-|               |             |            |               |             |
-|------------------------------------------------------------------------|]]></artwork>
-          </figure></t>
-      </section>
-    </section>
-
-    <section title="Security Considerations">
-      <t>Benchmarking activities as described in this memo are limited to
-      technology characterization of a Device Under Test/System Under Test
-      (DUT/SUT) using controlled stimuli in a laboratory environment, with
-      dedicated address space and the constraints specified in the sections
-      above.</t>
-
-      <t>The benchmarking network topology will be an independent test setup
-      and MUST NOT be connected to devices that may forward the test traffic
-      into a production network, or misroute traffic to the test management
-      network.</t>
-
-      <t>Further, benchmarking is performed on a "black-box" basis, relying
-      solely on measurements observable external to the DUT/SUT.</t>
-
-      <t>Special capabilities SHOULD NOT exist in the DUT/SUT specifically for
-      benchmarking purposes. Any implications for network security arising
-      from the DUT/SUT SHOULD be identical in the lab and in production
-      networks.</t>
-    </section>
-
-    <section anchor="IANA" title="IANA Considerations">
-      <t>No IANA Action is requested at this time.</t>
-    </section>
-
-    <section title="Acknowledgements">
-      <t>The authors appreciate and acknowledge comments from Scott Bradner,
-      Marius Georgescu, Ramki Krishnan, Doug Montgomery, Martin Klozik,
-      Christian Trautman, and others for their reviews.</t>
-    </section>
-  </middle>
-
-  <back>
-    <references title="Normative References">
-      <?rfc ?>
-
-      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2119"?>
-
-      <?rfc ?>
-
-      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2330"?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2544'?>
-
-      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2679"?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2680'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3393'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3432'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2681'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5905'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4689'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4737'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5357'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2889'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3918'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6201'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2285'?>
-
-      <reference anchor="NFV.PER001">
-        <front>
-          <title>Network Function Virtualization: Performance and Portability
-          Best Practices</title>
-
-          <author fullname="ETSI NFV" initials="" surname="">
-            <organization/>
-          </author>
-
-          <date month="June" year="2014"/>
-        </front>
-
-        <seriesInfo name="Group Specification"
-                    value="ETSI GS NFV-PER 001 V1.1.1 (2014-06)"/>
-
-        <format type="PDF"/>
-      </reference>
-    </references>
-
-    <references title="Informative References">
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.1242'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5481'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6049'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6248'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6390'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.I-D.ietf-bmwg-virtual-net'?>
-
-      <?rfc include='reference.I-D.huang-bmwg-virtual-network-performance'?>
-
-      <reference anchor="TestTopo">
-        <front>
-          <title>Test Topologies
-          https://wiki.opnfv.org/vsperf/test_methodology</title>
-
-          <author>
-            <organization/>
-          </author>
-
-          <date/>
-        </front>
-      </reference>
-
-      <reference anchor="LTDoverV">
-        <front>
-          <title>LTD Test Spec Overview
-          https://wiki.opnfv.org/wiki/vswitchperf_test_spec_review</title>
-
-          <author>
-            <organization/>
-          </author>
-
-          <date/>
-        </front>
-      </reference>
-
-      <reference anchor="LTD">
-        <front>
-          <title>LTD Test Specification
-          http://artifacts.opnfv.org/vswitchperf/docs/requirements/index.html</title>
-
-          <author>
-            <organization/>
-          </author>
-
-          <date/>
-        </front>
-      </reference>
-
-      <reference anchor="BrahRel">
-        <front>
-          <title>Brahmaputra, Second OPNFV Release
-          https://www.opnfv.org/brahmaputra</title>
-
-          <author>
-            <organization/>
-          </author>
-
-          <date/>
-        </front>
-      </reference>
-
-      <reference anchor="IFA003">
-        <front>
-          <title>https://docbox.etsi.org/ISG/NFV/Open/Drafts/IFA003_Acceleration_-_vSwitch_Spec/</title>
-
-          <author>
-            <organization/>
-          </author>
-
-          <date/>
-        </front>
-      </reference>
-    </references>
-  </back>
-</rfc>