Add API docs

  - Add developer guide for API
  - Add user guide for API
  - Add api to user guide doctree

JIRA: QTIP-234

Change-Id: Id388f82c52e31b3c75599ab846e64431be8083b7
Signed-off-by: akhilbatra898 <akhil.batra@research.iiit.ac.in>
(cherry picked from commit 6cd177d400b3462cd6c6b251f9135b45c33dfbb8)

1 files changed, 237 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/docs/testing/developer/devguide/api.rst b/docs/testing/developer/devguide/api.rst
index eb2b0d67..48ae3ae4 100644
--- a/docs/testing/developer/devguide/api.rst
+++ b/docs/testing/developer/devguide/api.rst
@@ -1,2 +1,237 @@
-- Which framework has been used and why
-- How to extend to more api
+**********************************************
+QTIP RESTful Application Programming Interface
+**********************************************
+
+Abstract
+########
+
+QTIP consists of different tools(metrics) to benchmark the NFVI. These metrics
+fall under different NFVI subsystems(QPI's) such as compute, storage and network.
+A plan consists of one or more QPI's, depending upon how the end-user would want
+to measure performance. API is designed to expose a RESTful interface to the user
+for executing benchmarks and viewing respective scores.
+
+Framework
+=========
+
+QTIP API has been created using the Python package `Connexion`_. It has been chosen
+for a number of reasons. It follows API First approach to create micro-services.
+Hence, firstly the API specifications are defined from the client side perspective,
+followed by the implementation of the micro-service. It decouples the business logic
+from routing and resource mapping making design and implementation cleaner.
+
+It has two major components:
+
+API Specifications
+
+   The API specification is defined in a yaml or json file. Connexion follows
+   `Open API specification`_ to determine the design and maps the endpoints to methods in python.
+
+Micro-service Implementation
+   Connexion maps the ``operationId`` corresponding to every operation in API
+   Specification to methods in python which handles request and responses.
+
+As explained, QTIP consists of metrics, QPI's and plans. The API is designed to provide
+a RESTful interface to all these components. It is responsible to provide listing and details of
+each individual element making up these components.
+
+Design
+======
+
+Specification
+-------------
+
+API's entry point (``main``) runs connexion ``App`` class object after adding API Specification
+using ``App.add_api`` method. It loads specification from ``swagger.yaml`` file by specifying
+``specification_dir``.
+
+Connexion reads API's endpoints(paths), operations, their request and response parameter
+details and response definitions from the API specification i.e. ``swagger.yaml`` in this case.
+
+Following example demonstrates specification for the resource ``plans``.
+
+::
+
+    paths:
+      /plans/{name}:
+        get:
+          summary: Get a plan by plan name
+          operationId: qtip.api.controllers.plan.get_plan
+          tags:
+            - Plan
+            - Standalone
+          parameters:
+            - name: name
+              in: path
+              description: Plan name
+              required: true
+              type: string
+          responses:
+            200:
+              description: Plan information
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/definitions/Plan'
+            404:
+              description: Plan not found
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/definitions/Error'
+            501:
+              description: Resource not implemented
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/definitions/Error'
+            default:
+              description: Unexpected error
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/definitions/Error'
+    definitions:
+      Plan:
+        type: object
+        required:
+          - name
+        properties:
+          name:
+            type: string
+          description:
+            type: string
+          info:
+            type: object
+          config:
+            type: object
+
+Every ``operationId`` in above operations corresponds to a method in controllers.
+QTIP has three controller modules each for plan, QPI and metric. Connexion will
+read these mappings and automatically route endpoints to business logic.
+
+`Swagger Editor`_ can be explored to play with more such examples and to validate
+the specification.
+
+Controllers
+-----------
+
+The request is handled through these methods and response is sent back to the client.
+Connexion takes care of data validation.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    @common.check_endpoint_for_error(resource='Plan')
+    def get_plan(name):
+        plan_spec = plan.Plan(name)
+        return plan_spec.content
+
+In above code ``get_plan`` takes a plan name and return its content.
+
+The decorator ``check_endpoint_for_error`` defined in ``common`` is used to handle error
+and return a suitable error response.
+
+
+During Development the server can be run by passing specification file(``swagger.yaml``
+in this case) to connexion cli -
+
+::
+
+    connexion run <path_to_specification_file> -v
+
+
+Extending the Framework
+=======================
+
+Modifying Existing API:
+-----------------------
+    API can be modified by adding entries in ``swagger.yaml`` and adding the corresponding
+    controller mapped from ``operationID``.
+
+    Adding endpoints:
+
+        New endpoints can be defined in ``paths`` section in ``swagger.yaml``. To add a new resource *dummy* -
+
+        ::
+
+            paths:
+              /dummies:
+                get:
+                  summary: Get all dummies
+                  operationId: qtip.api.controllers.dummy.get_dummies
+                  tags:
+                    - dummy
+                  responses:
+                    200:
+                      description: Foo information
+                      schema:
+                        $ref: '#/definitions/Dummy
+                    default:
+                      description: Unexpected error
+                      schema:
+                        $ref: '#/definitions/Error'
+
+
+        And then model of the resource can be defined in the ``definitions`` section.
+
+            ::
+
+                definitions:
+                  Dummy:
+                    type: object
+                    required:
+                      - name
+                    properties:
+                      name:
+                        type: string
+                      description:
+                        type: string
+                      id:
+                        type: string
+
+
+    Adding controller methods:
+        Methods for handling requests and responses for every operation for the endpoint added can be
+        implemented in ``controller``.
+
+        In ``controllers.dummy``
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            def get_dummies():
+                all_dummies = [<code to get all dummies>]
+                return all_dummies, httplib.OK
+
+    Adding error responses
+        Decorators for handling errors are defined in ``common.py`` in ``api``.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            from qtip.api import common
+
+            @common.check_endpoint_for_error(resource='dummy',operation='get')
+            def get_dummies()
+                all_dummies = [<code to get all dummies>]
+                return all_dummies
+
+Adding new API:
+---------------
+
+    API can easily be extended by adding more APIs to ``Connexion.App`` class object using
+    ``add_api`` class method.
+
+    In ``__main__``
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        def get_app():
+        app = connexion.App(__name__, specification_dir=swagger_dir)
+        app.add_api('swagger.yaml', base_path='/v1.0', strict_validation=True)
+        return app
+
+
+    Extending it to add new APIs. The new API should have all endpoints mapped using ``operationId``.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        from qtip.api import __main__
+        my_app = __main__.get_app()
+        my_app.add_api('new_api.yaml',base_path'api2',strict_validation=True)
+        my_app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000)
+
+
+.. _Connexion: https://connexion.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+.. _Open API specification: https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/2.0.md
+.. _Swagger Editor: http://editor.swagger.io/