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-<!--
- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
- this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
- http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- limitations under the License.
--->
-<html>
-
-<head>
-<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
-<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheets/style.css">
-<title>Directory-based Tasks</title>
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<h2><a name="directorybasedtasks">Directory-based Tasks</a></h2>
-<p>Some tasks use directory trees for the actions they perform.
-For example, the <a href="Tasks/javac.html">javac</a> task, which
-compiles a directory tree with <code>.java</code> files into
-<code>.class</code> files, is one of these directory-based tasks. Because
-some of these tasks do so much work with a directory tree, the task itself
-can act as an implicit <a href="Types/fileset.html">FileSet</a>.</p>
-<p>Whether the fileset is implicit or not, it can often be very useful to
-work on a subset of the directory tree. This section describes how you can
-select a subset of such a directory tree when using one of these
-directory-based tasks.</p>
-<p>Apache Ant gives you two ways to create a subset of files in a fileset, both of
-which can be used at the same time:</p>
-<ul>
- <li>Only include files and directories that match any
- <code>include</code> patterns and do not match any
- <code>exclude</code> patterns in a given
- <a href="Types/patternset.html">PatternSet</a>.</li>
- <li>Select files based on selection criteria defined by a collection of
- <a href="Types/selectors.html">selector</a> nested elements.</li>
-</ul>
-<h3><a name="patternset">Patternset</a></h3>
-
-<p>We said that Directory-based tasks can sometimes act as an implicit
-<a href="Types/fileset.html"><code>&lt;fileset&gt;</code></a>,
-but in addition to that, a FileSet acts as an implicit
-<a href="Types/patternset.html"><code>&lt;patternset&gt;</code></a>.</p>
-
-<p>The inclusion and exclusion elements of the implicit PatternSet can be
-specified inside the directory-based task (or explicit fileset) via
-either:</p>
-<ul>
- <li>the attributes <code>includes</code> and
- <code>excludes</code>.</li>
- <li>nested elements <code>&lt;include&gt;</code> and
- <code>&lt;exclude&gt;</code>.</li>
- <li>external files specified with the attributes
- <code>includesfile</code> and <code>excludesfile</code>.</li>
- <li>external files specified with the nested elements
- <code>&lt;includesfile&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;excludesfile&gt;</code>.
- </li>
-</ul>
-<p>
-When dealing with an external file, each line of the file
-is taken as a pattern that is added to the list of include or exclude
-patterns.</p>
-
-<p>When both inclusion and exclusion are used, only files/directories that
-match at least one of the include patterns and don't match any of the
-exclude patterns are used. If no include pattern is given, all files
-are assumed to match the include pattern (with the possible exception of
-the default excludes).</p>
-
-<h4><a name="patterns">Patterns</a></h4>
-
-<p>As described earlier, patterns are used for the inclusion and exclusion
-of files. These patterns look very much like the patterns used in DOS and
-UNIX:</p>
-<p>'*' matches zero or more characters, '?' matches one character.</p>
-
-<p>In general, patterns are considered relative paths, relative to a
-task dependent base directory (the dir attribute in the case of
-<code>&lt;fileset&gt;</code>). Only files found below that base
-directory are considered. So while a pattern like
-<code>../foo.java</code> is possible, it will not match anything when
-applied since the base directory's parent is never scanned for
-files.</p>
-
-<p><b>Examples:</b></p>
-<p>
-<code>*.java</code>&nbsp;&nbsp;matches&nbsp;&nbsp;<code>.java</code>,
-<code>x.java</code> and <code>FooBar.java</code>, but
-not <code>FooBar.xml</code> (does not end with <code>.java</code>).</p>
-<p>
-<code>?.java</code>&nbsp;&nbsp;matches&nbsp;&nbsp;<code>x.java</code>,
-<code>A.java</code>, but not <code>.java</code> or <code>xyz.java</code>
-(both don't have one character before <code>.java</code>).</p>
-<p>
-Combinations of <code>*</code>'s and <code>?</code>'s are allowed.</p>
-<p>Matching is done per-directory. This means that first the first directory in
-the pattern is matched against the first directory in the path to match. Then
-the second directory is matched, and so on. For example, when we have the pattern
-<code>/?abc/*/*.java</code>
-and the path <code>/xabc/foobar/test.java</code>,
-the first <code>?abc</code> is matched with <code>xabc</code>,
-then <code>*</code> is matched with <code>foobar</code>,
-and finally <code>*.java</code> is matched with <code>test.java</code>.
-They all match, so the path matches the pattern.</p>
-<p>To make things a bit more flexible, we add one extra feature, which makes it
-possible to match multiple directory levels. This can be used to match a
-complete directory tree, or a file anywhere in the directory tree.
-To do this, <code>**</code>
-must be used as the name of a directory.
-When <code>**</code> is used as the name of a
-directory in the pattern, it matches zero or more directories.
-For example:
-<code>/test/**</code> matches all files/directories under <code>/test/</code>,
-such as <code>/test/x.java</code>,
-or <code>/test/foo/bar/xyz.html</code>, but not <code>/xyz.xml</code>.</p>
-<p>There is one &quot;shorthand&quot;: if a pattern ends
-with <code>/</code>
-or <code>\</code>, then <code>**</code>
-is appended.
-For example, <code>mypackage/test/</code> is interpreted as if it were
-<code>mypackage/test/**</code>.</p>
-<p><b>Example patterns:</b></p>
-<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
- <tr>
- <td valign="top"><code>**/CVS/*</code></td>
- <td valign="top">Matches all files in <code>CVS</code>
- directories that can be located
- anywhere in the directory tree.<br>
- Matches:
- <pre>
- CVS/Repository
- org/apache/CVS/Entries
- org/apache/jakarta/tools/ant/CVS/Entries
- </pre>
- But not:
- <pre>
- org/apache/CVS/foo/bar/Entries (<code>foo/bar/</code>
- part does not match)
- </pre>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td valign="top"><code>org/apache/jakarta/**</code></td>
- <td valign="top">Matches all files in the <code>org/apache/jakarta</code>
- directory tree.<br>
- Matches:
- <pre>
- org/apache/jakarta/tools/ant/docs/index.html
- org/apache/jakarta/test.xml
- </pre>
- But not:
- <pre>
- org/apache/xyz.java
- </pre>
- (<code>jakarta/</code> part is missing).</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td valign="top"><code>org/apache/**/CVS/*</code></td>
- <td valign="top">Matches all files in <code>CVS</code> directories
- that are located anywhere in the directory tree under
- <code>org/apache</code>.<br>
- Matches:
- <pre>
- org/apache/CVS/Entries
- org/apache/jakarta/tools/ant/CVS/Entries
- </pre>
- But not:
- <pre>
- org/apache/CVS/foo/bar/Entries
- </pre>
- (<code>foo/bar/</code> part does not match)</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td valign="top"><code>**/test/**</code></td>
- <td valign="top">Matches all files that have a <code>test</code>
- element in their path, including <code>test</code> as a filename.</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<p>When these patterns are used in inclusion and exclusion, you have a powerful
-way to select just the files you want.</p>
-
-<h3><a name="selectors">Selectors</a></h3>
-<p>The <a href="Types/fileset.html"><code>&lt;fileset&gt;</code></a>,
-whether implicit or explicit in the
-directory-based task, also acts as an
-<a href="Types/selectors.html#andselect"><code>&lt;and&gt;</code></a>
-selector container. This can be used to create arbitrarily complicated
-selection criteria for the files the task should work with. See the
-<a href="Types/selectors.html">Selector</a> documentation for more
-information.</p>
-
-<h3><a name="tasklist">Standard Tasks/Filesets</a></h3>
-<p>Many of the standard tasks in ant take one or more filesets which follow
-the rules given here. This list, a subset of those, is a list of standard ant
-tasks that can act as an implicit fileset:</p>
-<ul>
- <li><a href="Tasks/checksum.html"><code>&lt;checksum&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/copydir.html"><code>&lt;copydir&gt;</code></a> (deprecated)</li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/delete.html"><code>&lt;delete&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/dependset.html"><code>&lt;dependset&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/fixcrlf.html"><code>&lt;fixcrlf&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/javac.html"><code>&lt;javac&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/replace.html"><code>&lt;replace&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/rmic.html"><code>&lt;rmic&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/style.html"><code>&lt;style&gt;</code> (aka <code>&lt;xslt&gt;</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/tar.html"><code>&lt;tar&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/zip.html"><code>&lt;zip&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/ejb.html#ddcreator"><code>&lt;ddcreator&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/ejb.html#ejbjar"><code>&lt;ejbjar&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/ejb.html#ejbc"><code>&lt;ejbc&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/cab.html"><code>&lt;cab&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/native2ascii.html"><code>&lt;native2ascii&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/netrexxc.html"><code>&lt;netrexxc&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li>
- <a href="Tasks/renameextensions.html"><code>&lt;renameextensions&gt;</code></a>
- </li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/depend.html"><code>&lt;depend&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/translate.html"><code>&lt;translate&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/image.html"><code>&lt;image&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/jlink.html"><code>&lt;jlink&gt;</code></a> (deprecated)</li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/jspc.html"><code>&lt;jspc&gt;</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="Tasks/wljspc.html"><code>&lt;wljspc&gt;</code></a></li>
-</ul>
-
-<h3><a name="examples">Examples</a></h3>
-<pre>
-&lt;copy todir=&quot;${dist}&quot;&gt;
- &lt;fileset dir=&quot;${src}&quot;
- includes=&quot;**/images/*&quot;
- excludes=&quot;**/*.gif&quot;
- /&gt;
-&lt;/copy&gt;</pre>
-<p>This copies all files in directories called <code>images</code> that are
-located in the directory tree defined by <code>${src}</code> to the
-destination directory defined by <code>${dist}</code>,
-but excludes all <code>*.gif</code> files from the copy.</p>
-<pre>
-&lt;copy todir=&quot;${dist}&quot;&gt;
- &lt;fileset dir=&quot;${src}&quot;&gt;
- &lt;include name=&quot;**/images/*&quot;/&gt;
- &lt;exclude name=&quot;**/*.gif&quot;/&gt;
- &lt;/fileset&gt;
-&lt;/copy&gt;
-</pre>
-<p> The same as the example above, but expressed using nested elements.</p>
-
-<pre>
-&lt;delete dir=&quot;${dist}&quot;&gt;
- &lt;include name=&quot;**/images/*&quot;/&gt;
- &lt;exclude name=&quot;**/*.gif&quot;/&gt;
-&lt;/delete&gt;
-</pre>
-<p>Deleting the original set of files, the <code>delete</code> task can act
-as an implicit fileset.</p>
-
-<h3><a name="defaultexcludes">Default Excludes</a></h3>
-<p>There are a set of definitions that are excluded by default from all
-directory-based tasks. As of Ant 1.8.1 they are:</p>
-<pre>
- **/*~
- **/#*#
- **/.#*
- **/%*%
- **/._*
- **/CVS
- **/CVS/**
- **/.cvsignore
- **/SCCS
- **/SCCS/**
- **/vssver.scc
- **/.svn
- **/.svn/**
- **/.DS_Store
-</pre>
-<p>Ant 1.8.2 adds the following default excludes:</p>
-<pre>
- **/.git
- **/.git/**
- **/.gitattributes
- **/.gitignore
- **/.gitmodules
- **/.hg
- **/.hg/**
- **/.hgignore
- **/.hgsub
- **/.hgsubstate
- **/.hgtags
- **/.bzr
- **/.bzr/**
- **/.bzrignore
-</pre>
-<p>If you do not want these default excludes applied, you may disable
-them with the <code>defaultexcludes=&quot;no&quot;</code>
-attribute.</p>
-
-<p>This is the default list; note that you can modify the list of
-default excludes by using the <a
-href="Tasks/defaultexcludes.html">defaultexcludes</a> task.</p>
-
-
-
-</body>
-</html>
-