StatsManager must clean up self when there is an exception in __init__

ALso remove unused connection.py

Change-Id: I1bf688ade511f2054e9d67edf8938df1988e4cb2
Signed-off-by: ahothan <ahothan@cisco.com>

2 files changed, 8 insertions, 727 deletions

diff --git a/nfvbench/chain_managers.py b/nfvbench/chain_managers.py
index fe3a2d4..033eb7a 100644
--- a/nfvbench/chain_managers.py
+++ b/nfvbench/chain_managers.py
@@ -85,8 +85,14 @@ class StatsManager(object):
         WORKER_CLASS = self.factory.get_chain_worker(self.specs.openstack.encaps,
                                                      self.config.service_chain)
         self.worker = WORKER_CLASS(self.config, self.clients, self.specs)
-        self.worker.set_vlans(self.vlans)
-        self._config_interfaces()
+        try:
+            self.worker.set_vlans(self.vlans)
+            self._config_interfaces()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # since the wrorker is up and running, we need to close it
+            # in case of exception
+            self.close()
+            raise exc
 
     def _get_data(self):
         return self.worker.get_data()
diff --git a/nfvbench/connection.py b/nfvbench/connection.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0ef994f..0000000
--- a/nfvbench/connection.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,725 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2013: Mirantis Inc.
-# All Rights Reserved.
-#
-#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
-#    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-#    a copy of the License at
-#
-#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-#    under the License.
-
-
-"""High level ssh library.
-Usage examples:
-Execute command and get output:
-    ssh = sshclient.SSH('root', 'example.com', port=33)
-    status, stdout, stderr = ssh.execute('ps ax')
-    if status:
-        raise Exception('Command failed with non-zero status.')
-    print stdout.splitlines()
-Execute command with huge output:
-    class PseudoFile(object):
-        def write(chunk):
-            if 'error' in chunk:
-                email_admin(chunk)
-    ssh = sshclient.SSH('root', 'example.com')
-    ssh.run('tail -f /var/log/syslog', stdout=PseudoFile(), timeout=False)
-Execute local script on remote side:
-    ssh = sshclient.SSH('user', 'example.com')
-    status, out, err = ssh.execute('/bin/sh -s arg1 arg2',
-                                   stdin=open('~/myscript.sh', 'r'))
-Upload file:
-    ssh = sshclient.SSH('user', 'example.com')
-    ssh.run('cat > ~/upload/file.gz', stdin=open('/store/file.gz', 'rb'))
-Eventlet:
-    eventlet.monkey_patch(select=True, time=True)
-    or
-    eventlet.monkey_patch()
-    or
-    sshclient = eventlet.import_patched("opentstack.common.sshclient")
-"""
-
-import re
-import select
-import shlex
-import socket
-import StringIO
-import subprocess
-import sys
-import threading
-import time
-
-from log import LOG
-import paramiko
-
-# from rally.openstack.common.gettextutils import _
-
-
-class ConnectionError(Exception):
-    pass
-
-
-class Connection(object):
-
-    '''
-    A base connection class. Not intended to be constructed.
-    '''
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.distro_id = None
-        self.distro_id_like = None
-        self.distro_version = None
-        self.__get_distro()
-
-    def close(self):
-        pass
-
-    def execute(self, cmd, stdin=None, timeout=3600):
-        pass
-
-    def __extract_property(self, name, input_str):
-        expr = name + r'="?([\w\.]*)"?'
-        match = re.search(expr, input_str)
-        if match:
-            return match.group(1)
-        return 'Unknown'
-
-    # Get the linux distro
-    def __get_distro(self):
-        '''cat /etc/*-release | grep ID
-        Ubuntu:
-            DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
-            ID=ubuntu
-            ID_LIKE=debian
-            VERSION_ID="14.04"
-        RHEL:
-            ID="rhel"
-            ID_LIKE="fedora"
-            VERSION_ID="7.0"
-        '''
-        distro_cmd = "grep ID /etc/*-release"
-        (status, distro_out, _) = self.execute(distro_cmd)
-        if status:
-            distro_out = ''
-        self.distro_id = self.__extract_property('ID', distro_out)
-        self.distro_id_like = self.__extract_property('ID_LIKE', distro_out)
-        self.distro_version = self.__extract_property('VERSION_ID', distro_out)
-
-    def pidof(self, proc_name):
-        '''
-        Return a list containing the pids of all processes of a given name
-        the list is empty if there is no pid
-        '''
-        # the path update is necessary for RHEL
-        cmd = "PATH=$PATH:/usr/sbin pidof " + proc_name
-        (status, cmd_output, _) = self.execute(cmd)
-        if status:
-            return []
-        cmd_output = cmd_output.strip()
-        result = cmd_output.split()
-        return result
-
-    # kill pids in the given list of pids
-    def kill_proc(self, pid_list):
-        cmd = "kill -9 " + ' '.join(pid_list)
-        self.execute(cmd)
-
-    # check stats for a given path
-    def stat(self, path):
-        (status, cmd_output, _) = self.execute('stat ' + path)
-        if status:
-            return None
-        return cmd_output
-
-    def ping_check(self, target_ip, ping_count=2, pass_threshold=80):
-        '''helper function to ping from one host to an IP address,
-            for a given count and pass_threshold;
-           Steps:
-            ssh to the host and then ping to the target IP
-            then match the output and verify that the loss% is
-            less than the pass_threshold%
-            Return 1 if the criteria passes
-            Return 0, if it fails
-        '''
-        cmd = "ping -c " + str(ping_count) + " " + str(target_ip)
-        (_, cmd_output, _) = self.execute(cmd)
-
-        match = re.search(r'(\d*)% packet loss', cmd_output)
-        pkt_loss = match.group(1)
-        if int(pkt_loss) < int(pass_threshold):
-            return 1
-        else:
-            LOG.error('Ping to %s failed: %s', target_ip, cmd_output)
-            return 0
-
-    def read_remote_file(self, from_path):
-        '''
-        Read a remote file and save it to a buffer.
-        '''
-        cmd = "cat " + from_path
-        (status, cmd_output, _) = self.execute(cmd)
-        if status:
-            return None
-        return cmd_output
-
-    def get_host_os_version(self):
-        '''
-        Identify the host distribution/relase.
-        '''
-        os_release_file = "/etc/os-release"
-        sys_release_file = "/etc/system-release"
-        name = ""
-        version = ""
-
-        if self.stat(os_release_file):
-            data = self.read_remote_file(os_release_file)
-            if data is None:
-                LOG.error("Failed to read file %s", os_release_file)
-                return None
-
-            for line in data.splitlines():
-                mobj = re.match(r'NAME=(.*)', line)
-                if mobj:
-                    name = mobj.group(1).strip("\"")
-
-                mobj = re.match(r'VERSION_ID=(.*)', line)
-                if mobj:
-                    version = mobj.group(1).strip("\"")
-
-            os_name = name + " " + version
-            return os_name
-
-        if self.stat(sys_release_file):
-            data = self.read_remote_file(sys_release_file)
-            if data is None:
-                LOG.error("Failed to read file %s", sys_release_file)
-                return None
-
-            for line in data.splitlines():
-                mobj = re.match(r'Red Hat.*', line)
-                if mobj:
-                    return mobj.group(0)
-
-        return None
-
-    def check_rpm_package_installed(self, rpm_pkg):
-        '''
-        Given a host and a package name, check if it is installed on the
-        system.
-        '''
-        check_pkg_cmd = "rpm -qa | grep " + rpm_pkg
-
-        (status, cmd_output, _) = self.execute(check_pkg_cmd)
-        if status:
-            return None
-
-        pkg_pattern = ".*" + rpm_pkg + ".*"
-        rpm_pattern = re.compile(pkg_pattern, re.IGNORECASE)
-
-        for line in cmd_output.splitlines():
-            mobj = rpm_pattern.match(line)
-            if mobj:
-                return mobj.group(0)
-
-        LOG.info("%s pkg installed ", rpm_pkg)
-
-        return None
-
-    def get_openstack_release(self, ver_str):
-        '''
-        Get the release series name from the package version
-        Refer to here for release tables:
-        https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Releases
-        '''
-        ver_table = {"2015.1": "Kilo",
-                     "2014.2": "Juno",
-                     "2014.1": "Icehouse",
-                     "2013.2": "Havana",
-                     "2013.1": "Grizzly",
-                     "2012.2": "Folsom",
-                     "2012.1": "Essex",
-                     "2011.3": "Diablo",
-                     "2011.2": "Cactus",
-                     "2011.1": "Bexar",
-                     "2010.1": "Austin"}
-
-        ver_prefix = re.search(r"20\d\d\.\d", ver_str).group(0)
-        if ver_prefix in ver_table:
-            return ver_table[ver_prefix]
-        else:
-            return "Unknown"
-
-    def check_openstack_version(self):
-        '''
-        Identify the openstack version running on the controller.
-        '''
-        nova_cmd = "nova-manage --version"
-        (status, _, err_output) = self.execute(nova_cmd)
-
-        if status:
-            return "Unknown"
-
-        ver_str = err_output.strip()
-        release_str = self.get_openstack_release(err_output)
-        return release_str + " (" + ver_str + ")"
-
-    def get_cpu_info(self):
-        '''
-        Get the CPU info of the controller.
-        Note: Here we are assuming the controller node has the exact
-              hardware as the compute nodes.
-        '''
-
-        cmd = 'cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep -m1 "model name"'
-        (status, std_output, _) = self.execute(cmd)
-        if status:
-            return "Unknown"
-        model_name = re.search(r":\s(.*)", std_output).group(1)
-
-        cmd = 'cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name" | wc -l'
-        (status, std_output, _) = self.execute(cmd)
-        if status:
-            return "Unknown"
-        cores = std_output.strip()
-
-        return (cores + " * " + model_name)
-
-    def get_nic_name(self, agent_type, encap, internal_iface_dict):
-        '''
-        Get the NIC info of the controller.
-        Note: Here we are assuming the controller node has the exact
-              hardware as the compute nodes.
-        '''
-
-        # The internal_ifac_dict is a dictionary contains the mapping between
-        # hostname and the internal interface name like below:
-        # {u'hh23-4': u'eth1', u'hh23-5': u'eth1', u'hh23-6': u'eth1'}
-
-        cmd = "hostname"
-        (status, std_output, _) = self.execute(cmd)
-        if status:
-            return "Unknown"
-        hostname = std_output.strip()
-
-        if hostname in internal_iface_dict:
-            iface = internal_iface_dict[hostname]
-        else:
-            return "Unknown"
-
-        # Figure out which interface is for internal traffic
-        if 'Linux bridge' in agent_type:
-            ifname = iface
-        elif 'Open vSwitch' in agent_type:
-            if encap == 'vlan':
-                # [root@hh23-10 ~]# ovs-vsctl list-ports br-inst
-                # eth1
-                # phy-br-inst
-                cmd = 'ovs-vsctl list-ports ' + \
-                    iface + ' | grep -E "^[^phy].*"'
-                (status, std_output, _) = self.execute(cmd)
-                if status:
-                    return "Unknown"
-                ifname = std_output.strip()
-            elif encap == 'vxlan' or encap == 'gre':
-                # This is complicated. We need to first get the local IP address on
-                # br-tun, then do a reverse lookup to get the physical interface.
-                #
-                # [root@hh23-4 ~]# ip addr show to "23.23.2.14"
-                # 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
-                #    inet 23.23.2.14/24 brd 23.23.2.255 scope global eth1
-                #       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
-                cmd = "ip addr show to " + iface + " | awk -F: '{print $2}'"
-                (status, std_output, _) = self.execute(cmd)
-                if status:
-                    return "Unknown"
-                ifname = std_output.strip()
-        else:
-            return "Unknown"
-
-        cmd = 'ethtool -i ' + ifname + ' | grep bus-info'
-        (status, std_output, _) = self.execute(cmd)
-        if status:
-            return "Unknown"
-        bus_info = re.search(r":\s(.*)", std_output).group(1)
-
-        cmd = 'lspci -s ' + bus_info
-        (status, std_output, _) = self.execute(cmd)
-        if status:
-            return "Unknown"
-        nic_name = re.search(
-            r"Ethernet controller:\s(.*)",
-            std_output).group(1)
-
-        return (nic_name)
-
-    def get_l2agent_version(self, agent_type):
-        '''
-        Get the L2 agent version of the controller.
-        Note: Here we are assuming the controller node has the exact
-              hardware as the compute nodes.
-        '''
-        if 'Linux bridge' in agent_type:
-            cmd = "brctl --version | awk -F',' '{print $2}'"
-            ver_string = "Linux Bridge "
-        elif 'Open vSwitch' in agent_type:
-            cmd = "ovs-vsctl --version | awk -F')' '{print $2}'"
-            ver_string = "OVS "
-        else:
-            return "Unknown"
-
-        (status, std_output, _) = self.execute(cmd)
-        if status:
-            return "Unknown"
-
-        return ver_string + std_output.strip()
-
-
-class SSHError(Exception):
-    pass
-
-
-class SSHTimeout(SSHError):
-    pass
-
-# Check IPv4 address syntax - not completely fool proof but will catch
-# some invalid formats
-
-
-def is_ipv4(address):
-    try:
-        socket.inet_aton(address)
-    except socket.error:
-        return False
-    return True
-
-
-class SSHAccess(object):
-
-    '''
-    A class to contain all the information needed to access a host
-    (native or virtual) using SSH
-    '''
-
-    def __init__(self, arg_value=None):
-        '''
-            decode user@host[:pwd]
-            'hugo@1.1.1.1:secret' -> ('hugo', '1.1.1.1', 'secret', None)
-            'huggy@2.2.2.2' -> ('huggy', '2.2.2.2', None, None)
-            None ->(None, None, None, None)
-            Examples of fatal errors (will call exit):
-                'hutch@q.1.1.1' (invalid IP)
-                '@3.3.3.3' (missing username)
-                'hiro@' or 'buggy' (missing host IP)
-            The error field will be None in case of success or will
-            contain a string describing the error
-        '''
-        self.username = None
-        self.host = None
-        self.password = None
-        # name of the file that contains the private key
-        self.private_key_file = None
-        # this is the private key itself (a long string starting with
-        # -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-        # used when the private key is not saved in any file
-        self.private_key = None
-        self.public_key_file = None
-        self.port = 22
-        self.error = None
-
-        if not arg_value:
-            return
-        match = re.search(r'^([^@]+)@([0-9\.]+):?(.*)$', arg_value)
-        if not match:
-            self.error = 'Invalid argument: ' + arg_value
-            return
-        if not is_ipv4(match.group(2)):
-            self.error = 'Invalid IPv4 address ' + match.group(2)
-            return
-        (self.username, self.host, self.password) = match.groups()
-
-    def copy_from(self, ssh_access):
-        self.username = ssh_access.username
-        self.host = ssh_access.host
-        self.port = ssh_access.port
-        self.password = ssh_access.password
-        self.private_key = ssh_access.private_key
-        self.public_key_file = ssh_access.public_key_file
-        self.private_key_file = ssh_access.private_key_file
-
-
-class SSH(Connection):
-
-    """Represent ssh connection."""
-
-    def __init__(self, ssh_access,
-                 connect_timeout=60,
-                 connect_retry_count=30,
-                 connect_retry_wait_sec=2):
-        """Initialize SSH client.
-        :param user: ssh username
-        :param host: hostname or ip address of remote ssh server
-        :param port: remote ssh port
-        :param pkey: RSA or DSS private key string or file object
-        :param key_filename: private key filename
-        :param password: password
-        :param connect_timeout: timeout when connecting ssh
-        :param connect_retry_count: how many times to retry connecting
-        :param connect_retry_wait_sec: seconds to wait between retries
-        """
-
-        self.ssh_access = ssh_access
-        if ssh_access.private_key:
-            self.pkey = self._get_pkey(ssh_access.private_key)
-        else:
-            self.pkey = None
-        self._client = False
-        self.connect_timeout = connect_timeout
-        self.connect_retry_count = connect_retry_count
-        self.connect_retry_wait_sec = connect_retry_wait_sec
-        super(SSH, self).__init__()
-
-    def _get_pkey(self, key):
-        '''Get the binary form of the private key
-        from the text form
-        '''
-        if isinstance(key, basestring):
-            key = StringIO.StringIO(key)
-        errors = []
-        for key_class in (paramiko.rsakey.RSAKey, paramiko.dsskey.DSSKey):
-            try:
-                return key_class.from_private_key(key)
-            except paramiko.SSHException as exc:
-                errors.append(exc)
-        raise SSHError('Invalid pkey: %s' % (errors))
-
-    def _is_active(self):
-        if self._client:
-            try:
-                transport = self._client.get_transport()
-                session = transport.open_session()
-                session.close()
-                return True
-            except Exception:
-                return False
-        else:
-            return False
-
-    def _get_client(self, force=False):
-        if not force and self._is_active():
-            return self._client
-        if self._client:
-            LOG.info('Re-establishing ssh connection with %s' % (self.ssh_access.host))
-            self._client.close()
-        self._client = paramiko.SSHClient()
-        self._client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
-        for _ in range(self.connect_retry_count):
-            try:
-                self._client.connect(self.ssh_access.host,
-                                     username=self.ssh_access.username,
-                                     port=self.ssh_access.port,
-                                     pkey=self.pkey,
-                                     key_filename=self.ssh_access.private_key_file,
-                                     password=self.ssh_access.password,
-                                     timeout=self.connect_timeout)
-                self._client.get_transport().set_keepalive(5)
-                return self._client
-            except (paramiko.AuthenticationException,
-                    paramiko.BadHostKeyException,
-                    paramiko.SSHException,
-                    socket.error,
-                    Exception):
-                time.sleep(self.connect_retry_wait_sec)
-
-        self._client = None
-        msg = '[%s] SSH Connection failed after %s attempts' % (self.ssh_access.host,
-                                                                self.connect_retry_count)
-        raise SSHError(msg)
-
-    def _get_session(self):
-        client = self._get_client()
-        for _ in range(self.connect_retry_count):
-            try:
-                transport = client.get_transport()
-                session = transport.open_session()
-                return session
-            except Exception:
-                client = self._get_client(force=True)
-        return None
-
-    def close(self):
-        super(SSH, self).close()
-        if self._client:
-            self._client.close()
-            self._client = False
-
-    def run(self, cmd, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None,
-            raise_on_error=True, timeout=3600, sudo=False):
-        """Execute specified command on the server.
-        :param cmd:             Command to be executed.
-        :param stdin:           Open file or string to pass to stdin.
-        :param stdout:          Open file to connect to stdout.
-        :param stderr:          Open file to connect to stderr.
-        :param raise_on_error:  If False then exit code will be return. If True
-                                then exception will be raized if non-zero code.
-        :param timeout:         Timeout in seconds for command execution.
-                                Default 1 hour. No timeout if set to 0.
-        :param sudo:            Executes command as sudo with default password
-        """
-
-        if isinstance(stdin, basestring):
-            stdin = StringIO.StringIO(stdin)
-
-        return self._run(cmd, stdin=stdin, stdout=stdout,
-                         stderr=stderr, raise_on_error=raise_on_error,
-                         timeout=timeout, sudo=sudo)
-
-    def _run(self, cmd, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None,
-             raise_on_error=True, timeout=3600, sudo=False):
-
-        session = self._get_session()
-
-        if session is None:
-            raise SSHError('Unable to open session to ssh connection')
-
-        if sudo:
-            cmd = "echo " + self.ssh_access.password + " | sudo -S -p '' " + cmd
-            session.get_pty()
-
-        session.exec_command(cmd)
-        start_time = time.time()
-
-        data_to_send = ''
-        stderr_data = None
-
-        # If we have data to be sent to stdin then `select' should also
-        # check for stdin availability.
-        if stdin and not stdin.closed:
-            writes = [session]
-        else:
-            writes = []
-
-        while True:
-            # Block until data can be read/write.
-            select.select([session], writes, [session], 1)
-
-            if session.recv_ready():
-                data = session.recv(4096)
-                if stdout is not None:
-                    stdout.write(data)
-                continue
-
-            if session.recv_stderr_ready():
-                stderr_data = session.recv_stderr(4096)
-                if stderr is not None:
-                    stderr.write(stderr_data)
-                continue
-
-            if session.send_ready():
-                if stdin is not None and not stdin.closed:
-                    if not data_to_send:
-                        data_to_send = stdin.read(4096)
-                        if not data_to_send:
-                            stdin.close()
-                            session.shutdown_write()
-                            writes = []
-                            continue
-                    sent_bytes = session.send(data_to_send)
-                    data_to_send = data_to_send[sent_bytes:]
-
-            if session.exit_status_ready():
-                break
-
-            if timeout and (time.time() - timeout) > start_time:
-                args = {'cmd': cmd, 'host': self.ssh_access.host}
-                raise SSHTimeout(('Timeout executing command '
-                                  '"%(cmd)s" on host %(host)s') % args)
-            # if e:
-            #    raise SSHError('Socket error.')
-
-        exit_status = session.recv_exit_status()
-        if 0 != exit_status and raise_on_error:
-            fmt = ('Command "%(cmd)s" failed with exit_status %(status)d.')
-            details = fmt % {'cmd': cmd, 'status': exit_status}
-            if stderr_data:
-                details += (' Last stderr data: "%s".') % stderr_data
-            raise SSHError(details)
-        return exit_status
-
-    def execute(self, cmd, stdin=None, timeout=3600, sudo=False):
-        """Execute the specified command on the server.
-        :param cmd:     Command to be executed.
-        :param stdin:   Open file to be sent on process stdin.
-        :param timeout: Timeout for execution of the command.
-        Return tuple (exit_status, stdout, stderr)
-        """
-        stdout = StringIO.StringIO()
-        stderr = StringIO.StringIO()
-
-        exit_status = self.run(cmd, stderr=stderr,
-                               stdout=stdout, stdin=stdin,
-                               timeout=timeout, raise_on_error=False, sudo=sudo)
-        stdout.seek(0)
-        stderr.seek(0)
-        return (exit_status, stdout.read(), stderr.read())
-
-    def wait(self, timeout=120, interval=1):
-        """Wait for the host will be available via ssh."""
-        start_time = time.time()
-        while True:
-            try:
-                return self.execute('uname')
-            except (socket.error, SSHError):
-                time.sleep(interval)
-            if time.time() > (start_time + timeout):
-                raise SSHTimeout(
-                    ('Timeout waiting for "%s"') %
-                    self.ssh_access.host)
-
-
-class SubprocessTimeout(Exception):
-    pass
-
-
-class Subprocess(Connection):
-
-    """Represent subprocess connection."""
-
-    def execute(self, cmd, stdin=None, timeout=3600):
-        process = subprocess.Popen(shlex.split(cmd), stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
-                                   stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                                   shell=True)
-        timer = threading.Timer(timeout, process.kill)
-        stdout, stderr = process.communicate(input=stdin)
-        status = process.wait()
-        if timer.is_alive():
-            timer.cancel()
-            raise SubprocessTimeout('Timeout executing command "%(cmd)s"')
-        return (status, stdout, stderr)
-
-
-##################################################
-# Only invoke the module directly for test purposes. Should be
-# invoked from pns script.
-##################################################
-def main():
-    # As argument pass the SSH access string, e.g. "localadmin@1.1.1.1:secret"
-    test_ssh = SSH(SSHAccess(sys.argv[1]))
-
-    print 'ID=' + test_ssh.distro_id
-    print 'ID_LIKE=' + test_ssh.distro_id_like
-    print 'VERSION_ID=' + test_ssh.distro_version
-
-    # ssh.wait()
-    # print ssh.pidof('bash')
-    # print ssh.stat('/tmp')
-    print test_ssh.check_openstack_version()
-    print test_ssh.get_cpu_info()
-    print test_ssh.get_l2agent_version("Open vSwitch agent")
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()