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diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/architecture.rst b/docs/development/requirements/architecture.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74c5762 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/architecture.rst @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 + +Architecture +============ + +TBD diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/conf.py b/docs/development/requirements/conf.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9912324 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/conf.py @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# Copyright 2016 Open Platform for NFV Project, Inc. and its contributors +# +# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); +# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. +# You may obtain a copy of the License at +# +# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 +# +# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software +# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, +# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. +# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and +# limitations under the License. +# +# What this is: Configuration file for OPNFV NetReady requirements +# documentation based on the configuration file used by the Copper project. +# + +import datetime +import sys +import os +import subprocess + +try: + __import__('imp').find_module('sphinx.ext.numfig') + extensions = ['sphinx.ext.numfig'] +except ImportError: + # 'pip install sphinx_numfig' + extensions = ['sphinx_numfig'] + +try: + __import__('imp').find_module('sphinxcontrib-fulltoc') +except ImportError: + subprocess.call("pip install sphinxcontrib-fulltoc", shell=True) +extensions.append('sphinxcontrib-fulltoc') + +# numfig: +number_figures = True +figure_caption_prefix = "Fig." + +source_suffix = '.rst' +master_doc = 'index' +pygments_style = 'sphinx' +html_use_index = True +html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme' + +pdf_documents = [('index', u'OPNFV', u'OPNFV NetReady Project', u'OPNFV')] +pdf_fit_mode = "shrink" +pdf_stylesheets = ['sphinx','kerning','a4'] +#latex_domain_indices = False +#latex_use_modindex = False + +latex_elements = { + 'printindex': '', +} diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/current_solutions.rst b/docs/development/requirements/current_solutions.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c50d408 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/current_solutions.rst @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 + +Current solutions +================= + +TBD diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/gap_analysis.rst b/docs/development/requirements/gap_analysis.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b6bb6f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/gap_analysis.rst @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 + +Gap analysis +============ + +TBD diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/glossary.rst b/docs/development/requirements/glossary.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f6d55cd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/glossary.rst @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 + +Definition of terms +=================== + +Different standards developing organizations and communities use different +terminology related to Network Function Virtualization, Cloud Computing, and +Software Defined Networking. This list defines the terminology in the contexts +of this document. + + +.. glossary:: + + API + Application Programming Interface. + + Cloud Computing + A model that enables access to a shared pool of configurable computing + resources, such as networks, servers, storage, applications, and + services, that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal + management effort or service provider interaction. + + Edge Computing + Edge computing pushes applications, data and computing power (services) + away from centralized points to the logical extremes of a network. + + Instance + Refers in OpenStack terminology to a running VM, or a VM in a known + state such as suspended, that can be used like a hardware server. + + NFV + Network Function Virtualization. + + NFVI + Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure. Totality of all hardware + and software components which build up the environment in which VNFs are + deployed. + + SDN + Software-Defined Networking. Emerging architecture that decouples the + network control and forwarding functions, enabling the network control + to become directly programmable and the underlying infrastructure to be + abstracted for applications and network services. + + Server + Computer that provides explicit services to the client software running + on that system, often managing a variety of computer operations. In + OpenStack terminology, a server is a VM instance. + + vForwarder + vForwarder is used as generic and vendor neutral term for a software + packet forwarder. Concrete examples includes OpenContrail vRouter, + OpenvSwitch, Cisco VTF. + + VIM + Virtualized Infrastructure Manager. Functional block that is responsible + for controlling and managing the NFVI compute, storage and network + resources, usually within one operator's Infrastructure Domain, e.g. + NFVI Point of Presence (NFVI-PoP). + + Virtual network + Virtual network routes information among the network interfaces of VM + instances and physical network interfaces, providing the necessary + connectivity. + + VM + Virtual Machine. Virtualized computation environment that behaves like a + physical computer/server by modeling the computing architecture of a + real or hypothetical computer. + + VNF + Virtualized Network Function. Implementation of an Network Function + that can be deployed on a Network Function Virtualization + Infrastructure (NFVI). + + VNFC + Virtualized Network Function Component. A VNF may be composed of + multiple components, jointly providing the functionality of the VNF. + + WAN + Wide Area Network. diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/implementation.rst b/docs/development/requirements/implementation.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1faddcf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/implementation.rst @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 + +Implementation +============== + +TBD diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/index.rst b/docs/development/requirements/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c4516f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 + +*************************** +NetReady: Network Readiness +*************************** + +:Project: NetReady, https://wiki.opnfv.org/display/netready/NetReady +:Editors: Georg Kunz (Ericsson) +:Authors: Bin Hu (AT&T), Gergely Csatari (Nokia), Georg Kunz (Ericsson) and + others + +:Abstract: OPNFV provides an infrastructure with different SDN controller + options to realize NFV functionality on the platform it builds. As + OPNFV uses OpenStack as a VIM, we need to analyze the capabilities + this component offers us. The networking functionality is provided + by a component called Neutron, which provides a pluggable + architecture and specific APIs for integrating different networking + backends, for instance SDN controllers. As NFV wasn't taken into + consideration at the time when Neutron was designed we are already + facing several bottlenecks and architectural shortcomings while + implementing NFV use cases. + + The NetReady project aims at evolving OpenStack networking + step-by-step to find the most efficient way to fulfill the + requirements of the identified NFV use cases, taking into account the + NFV mindset and the capabilities of SDN controllers. + +:History: + + ========== ===================================================== + Date Description + ========== ===================================================== + 22.03.2016 Project creation + 19.04.2016 Initial version of the deliverable uploaded to Gerrit + 22.07.2016 First version ready for sharing with the community + 22.09.2016 Version accompanying the OPNFV Colorado release + ========== ===================================================== + +.. raw:: latex + + \newpage + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 4 + :numbered: + + introduction.rst + use_cases.rst + retired_use_cases.rst + summary.rst + glossary.rst + references.rst diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/introduction.rst b/docs/development/requirements/introduction.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0593e07 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/introduction.rst @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 + +Introduction +============ + +This document represents and describes the results of the OPNFV NetReady +(Network Readiness) project. Specifically, the document comprises a selection of +NFV-related networking use cases and their networking requirements. For every +use case, it furthermore presents a gap analysis of the aforementioned +requirements with respect to the current OpenStack networking architecture. +Finally it provides a description of potential solutions and improvements. + + +Scope +----- + +NetReady is a project within the OPNFV initiative. Its focus is on NFV (Network +Function Virtualization) related networking use cases and their requirements on +the underlying NFVI (Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure). + +The NetReady project addresses the OpenStack networking architecture, +specifically OpenStack Neutron, from a NFV perspective. Its goal is to identify +gaps in the current OpenStack networking architecture with respect to NFV +requirements and to propose and evaluate improvements and potential complementary +solutions. + + +Problem Description +------------------- + +Telco ecosystem's movement towards the cloud domain results in Network Function +Virtualization that is discussed and specified in ETSI NFV. This movement opens +up many green field areas which are full of potential growth in both business +and technology. This new NFV domain brings new business opportunities and new +market segments as well as emerging technologies that are exploratory and +experimental in nature, especially in NFV networking. + +It is often stated that NFV imposes additional requirements on the networking +architecture and feature set of the underlying NFVI beyond those of data center +networking. For instance, the NFVI needs to establish and manage connectivity +beyond the data center to the WAN (Wide Area Network). Moreover, NFV networking +use cases often abstract from L2 connectivity and instead focus on L3-only +connectivity. Hence, the NFVI networking architecture needs to be flexible +enough to be able to meet the requirements of NFV-related use cases in addition +to traditional data center networking. + +Traditionally, OpenStack networking, represented typically by the OpenStack +Neutron project, targets virtualized data center networking. This comprises +originally establishing and managing layer 2 network connectivity among VMs +(Virtual Machines). Over the past releases of OpenStack, Neutron has grown to +provide an extensive feature set, covering both L2 as well as L3 networking +services such as virtual routers, NATing, VPNaaS and BGP VPNs. + +It is an ongoing debate how well the current OpenStack networking architecture +can meet the additional requirements of NFV networking. Hence, a thorough +analysis of NFV networking requirements and their relation to the OpenStack +networking architecture is needed. + +Besides current additional use cases and requirements of NFV networking, +more importantly, because of the **green field** nature of NFV, it is foreseen +that there will be more and more new NFV networking use cases and services, +which will bring new business, in near future. The challenges for telco ecosystem +are to: + +- Quickly catch the new business opportunity; + +- Execute it in agile way so that we can accelerate the time-to-market and improve + the business agility in offering our customers with innovative NFV services. + +Therefore, it is critically important for telco ecosystem to quickly develop and deploy +new NFV networking APIs on-demand based on market need. + +Goals +----- + +The goals of the NetReady project and correspondingly this document are the +following: + +- This document comprises a collection of relevant NFV networking use cases and + clearly describes their requirements on the NFVI. These requirements are + stated independently of a particular implementation, for instance OpenStack + Neutron. Instead, requirements are formulated in terms of APIs (Application + Programming Interfaces) and data models needed to realize a given NFV use + case. + +- The list of use cases is not considered to be all-encompassing but it + represents a carefully selected set of use cases that are considered to be + relevant at the time of writing. More use cases may be added over time. The + authors are very open to suggestions, reviews, clarifications, corrections + and feedback in general. + +- This document contains a thorough analysis of the gaps in the current + OpenStack networking architecture with respect to the requirements imposed + by the selected NFV use cases. To this end, we analyze existing functionality + in OpenStack networking. + +- Beyond current list of use cases and gap analysis in the document, more importantly, + it is the future of NFV networking that needs to be made easy to innovate, quick to + develop, and agile to deploy and operate. A model-driven, extensible framework + is expected to achieve agility for innovations in NFV networking. + +- This document will in future revisions describe the proposed improvements + and complementary solutions needed to enable OpenStack to fulfill the + identified NFV requirements. + diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/references.rst b/docs/development/requirements/references.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..76cb5bf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/references.rst @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 + +References +========== + +.. [BGPVPN] http://docs.openstack.org/developer/networking-bgpvpn/ +.. [MULTISITE] https://wiki.opnfv.org/display/multisite/Multisite +.. [NETREADY] https://wiki.opnfv.org/display/netready/NetReady +.. [NETREADY-JIRA] https://jira.opnfv.org/projects/NETREADY/issues/NETREADY-19?filter=allopenissues +.. [NETWORKING-SFC] https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Neutron/ServiceInsertionAndChaining +.. [NEUTRON-ROUTED-NETWORKS] https://specs.openstack.org/openstack/neutron-specs/specs/newton/routed-networks.html +.. [OS-NETWORKING-GUIDE-ML2] http://docs.openstack.org/mitaka/networking-guide/config-ml2-plug-in.html +.. [RFC4364] http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4364 +.. [RFC7432] https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7432 +.. [SELF] http://artifacts.opnfv.org/netready/docs/requirements/index.html +.. [TRICIRCLE] https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Tricircle#Requirements +.. [VLAN-AWARE-VMs] https://blueprints.launchpad.net/neutron/+spec/vlan-aware-vms diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/retired_use_cases.rst b/docs/development/requirements/retired_use_cases.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1eaf8d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/retired_use_cases.rst @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 + +Retired Use Cases +================= + +The following use cases have previously been analyzed in OPNFV Netready. Since +then, the identified gaps have been addressed and/or closed in the upstream +community. + +These use cases are not removed from the document for the sake of completeness, +but moved to a separate chapter to keep the document structure clean. + +.. toctree:: + retired_use_cases/programmable_provisioning.rst diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/retired_use_cases/images/api-users.png b/docs/development/requirements/retired_use_cases/images/api-users.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f08812 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/retired_use_cases/images/api-users.png diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/retired_use_cases/programmable_provisioning.rst b/docs/development/requirements/retired_use_cases/programmable_provisioning.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7cb2e00 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/retired_use_cases/programmable_provisioning.rst @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 + +Programmable Provisioning of Provider Networks +---------------------------------------------- +Description +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +In a NFV environment the VNFMs (Virtual Network Function Manager) are consumers +of the OpenStack IaaS API. They are often deployed without administrative rights +on top of the NFVI platform. Furthermore, in the telco domain provider networks +are often used. However, when a provider network is created administrative +rights are needed what in the case of a VNFM without administrative rights +requires additional manual configuration work. It shall be possible to +configure provider networks without administrative rights. It should be +possible to assign the capability to create provider networks to any roles. + +The following figure (:numref:`api-users`) shows the possible users of an +OpenStack API and the relation of OpenStack and ETSI NFV components. Boxes with +solid line are the ETSI NFV components while the boxes with broken line are the +OpenStack components. + +.. figure:: images/api-users.png + :name: api-users + :width: 50% + + +Requirements +~~~~~~~~~~~~ + - Authorize the possibility of provider network creation based on policy + - There should be a new entry in :code:`policy.json` which controls the + provider network creation + - Default policy of this new entry should be :code:`rule:admin_or_owner`. + - This policy should be respected by the Neutron API + +Northbound API / Workflow ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + - No changes in the API + +Data model objects +++++++++++++++++++ + - No changes in the data model + + +Current implementation +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +Only admin users can manage provider networks [OS-NETWORKING-GUIDE-ML2]_. + + +Potential implementation +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + - Policy engine shall be able to handle a new provider network creation and + modification related policy. + - When a provider network is created or modified neutron should check the + authority with the policy engine instead of requesting administrative + rights. + + +Solution in upstream community +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +A bug report has been submitted to the upstream OpenStack community to highlight +this gap: +https://bugs.launchpad.net/neutron/+bug/1630880 + +This bug report revealed that this use case has already been addressed in the +upstream community. Specifically, it is possible to specify the roles (e.g., +admin, regular user) in the Neutron policy.json file which are able to create +and update provider networks. + +However, the OpenStack user guide wrongly stated that **only** administrators +can create and update provider type networks. Hence, a correction has been +submitted to the OpenStack documentation repository, clarifying the possibility +to change this behavior based on policies: +https://review.openstack.org/#/c/390359/ + +In conclusion, this use case has been retired as the corresponding gaps have been +closed in the upstream community. diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/summary.rst b/docs/development/requirements/summary.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2761a48 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/summary.rst @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 + +Summary and Conclusion +====================== + +This document presented the results of the OPNFV NetReady (Network Readiness) +project ([NETREADY]_). It described a selection of NFV-related networking use +cases and their corresponding networking requirements. Moreover, for every use +case, it describes an associated gap analysis which analyses the aforementioned +networking requirements with respect to the current OpenStack networking +architecture. + +The contents of the current document are the selected use cases and their +derived requirements and identified gaps for OPNFV C release. + +OPNFV NetReady is open to take any further use cases under analysis in later +OPNFV releases. The project backlog ([NETREADY-JIRA]_) lists the use cases and +topics planned to be developed in future releases of OPNFV. + +Based on the gap analyses, we draw the following conclusions: + +* Besides current requirements and gaps identified in support of NFV networking, + more and more new NFV networking services are to be innovated in the near future. + Those innovations will bring additional requirements, and more significant gaps + will be expected. On the other hand, NFV networking business requires it + to be made easy to innovate, quick to develop, and agile to deploy and operate. + Therefore, a model-driven, extensible framework is expected to support NFV + networking on-demand in order to accelerate time-to-market and achieve business + agility for innovations in NFV networking business. + +* Neutron networks are implicitly, because of their reliance on subnets, L2 + domains. L2 network overlays are the only way to implement Neutron networks + because of their semantics. However, L2 networks are inefficient ways to + implement cloud networking, and while this is not necessarily a problem for + enterprise use cases with moderate traffic it can add expense to the + infrastructure of NFV cases where networking is heavily used and efficient use + of capacity is key. + +* In NFV environment it should be possible to execute network administrator tasks + without OpenStack administrator rights. + +* In a multi-site setup it should be possible to manage the connection between + the sites in a programmable way. + +The latest version of this document can be found at [SELF]_. diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases.rst b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b323593 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases.rst @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 + +Use Cases +========= + +The following sections address networking use cases that have been identified to be relevant in the scope of NFV and NetReady. + +.. toctree:: + use_cases/multiple_backends.rst + use_cases/l3vpn.rst + use_cases/service_binding_pattern.rst + use_cases/georedundancy.rst diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/georedundancy.rst b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/georedundancy.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..35336bd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/georedundancy.rst @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 + +Georedundancy +============= +Georedundancy refers to a configuration which ensures the service continuity of +the VNFs even if a whole datacenter fails. + +It is possible that the VNF application layer provides additional redundancy +with VNF pooling on top of the georedundancy functionality described here. + +It is possible that either the VNFCs of a single VNF are spread across several +datacenters (this case is covered by the OPNFV multi-site project [MULTISITE]_ +or different, redundant VNFs are started in different datacenters. + +When the different VNFs are started in different datacenters the redundancy +can be achieved by redundant VNFs in a hot (spare VNF is running its +configuration and internal state is synchronized to the active VNF), +warm (spare VNF is running, its configuration is synchronized to the active VNF) +or cold (spare VNF is not running, active VNFs configuration is stored in a +persistent, central store and configured to the spare VNF during its activation) +standby state in a different datacenter from where the active VNFs are running. +The synchronization and data transfer can be handled by the application or by +the infrastructure. + +In all of these georedundancy setups there is a need for a network connection +between the datacenter running the active VNF and the datacenter running the +spare VNF. + +In case of a distributed cloud it is possible that the georedundant cloud of an +application is not predefined or changed and the change requires configuration +in the underlay networks when the network operator uses network isolation. +Isolation of the traffic between the datacenters might be needed due to the +multi-tenant usage of NFVI/VIM or due to the IP pool management of the network +operator. + +This set of georedundancy use cases is about enabling the possibility to select a +datacenter as backup datacenter and build the connectivity between the NFVIs in +the different datacenters in a programmable way. + +The focus of these uses cases is on the functionality of OpenStack. It is not +considered how the provisioning of physical resources is handled by the SDN +controllers to interconnect the two datacenters. + +As an example the following picture (:numref:`georedundancy-before`) shows a +multi-cell cloud setup where the underlay network is not fully meshed. + +.. figure:: images/georedundancy-before.png + :name: georedundancy-before + :width: 50% + +Each datacenter (DC) is a separate OpenStack cell, region or instance. Let's +assume that a new VNF is started in DC b with a Redundant VNF in DC d. In this +case a direct underlay network connection is needed between DC b and DC d. The +configuration of this connection should be programmable in both DC b and DC d. +The result of the deployment is shown in the following figure +(:numref:`georedundancy-after`): + +.. figure:: images/georedundancy-after.png + :name: georedundancy-after + :width: 50% + +.. toctree:: + georedundancy_cells.rst + georedundancy_regions_insances.rst + +Conclusion +---------- + An API is needed what provides possibility to set up the local and remote + endpoints for the underlay network. This API present in the SDN solutions, but + OpenStack does not provide an abstracted API for this functionality to hide + the differences of the SDN solutions. diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/georedundancy_cells.rst b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/georedundancy_cells.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4d1f0c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/georedundancy_cells.rst @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 + +Connection between different OpenStack cells +-------------------------------------------- +Description +~~~~~~~~~~~ +There should be an API to manage the infrastructure networks between two +OpenStack cells. (Note: In the Mitaka release of OpenStack cells v1 are +considered as experimental, while cells v2 functionality is under +implementation). Cells are considered to be problematic from maintainability +perspective as the sub-cells are using only the internal message bus and there +is no API (and CLI) to do maintenance actions in case of a network connectivity +problem between the main cell and the sub cells. + +The following figure (:numref:`cells-architecture`) shows the architecture of +the most relevant OpenStack components in multi cell OpenStack environment. + +.. figure:: images/cells-architecture.png + :name: cells-architecture + :width: 50% + +The functionality behind the API depends on the underlying network providers (SDN +controllers) and the networking setup. +(For example OpenDaylight has an API to add new BGP neighbor.) + +OpenStack Neutron should provide an abstracted API for this functionality what +calls the underlying SDN controllers API. + +Derived Requirements +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + - Possibility to define a remote and a local endpoint + - As in case of cells the nova-api service is shared. It should be possible + to identify the cell in the API calls + +Northbound API / Workflow ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + - An infrastructure network management API is needed + - API call to define the remote and local infrastructure endpoints + - When the endpoints are created neutron is configured to use the new network. + +Dependencies on compute services +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + None. + +Data model objects +++++++++++++++++++ + - local and remote endpoint objects (Most probably IP addresses with some + additional properties). + +Current implementation +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Current OpenStack implementation provides no way to set up the underlay + network connection. + OpenStack Tricircle project [TRICIRCLE]_ + has plans to build up inter datacenter L2 and L3 networks. + +Gaps in the current solution +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + An infrastructure management API is missing from Neutron where the local and + remote endpoints of the underlay network could be configured. diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/georedundancy_regions_insances.rst b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/georedundancy_regions_insances.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c2550eb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/georedundancy_regions_insances.rst @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 + +Connection between different OpenStack regions or cloud instances +----------------------------------------------------------------- + +Description +~~~~~~~~~~~ +There should be an API to manage the infrastructure networks between two +OpenStack regions or instances. + +The following figure (:numref:`instances-architecture`) shows the architecture +of the most relevant OpenStack components in multi instance OpenStack +environment. + +.. figure:: images/instances-architecture.png + :name: instances-architecture + :width: 50% + +The functionality behind the API depends on the underlying network providers (SDN +controllers) and the networking setup. +(For example OpenDaylight has an API to add new BGP neighbor.) + +OpenStack Neutron should provide an abstracted API for this functionality what +calls the underlying SDN controllers API. + +Derived Requirements +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +- Possibility to define a remote and a local endpoint +- As in case of cells the nova-api service is shared. It should be possible + to identify the cell in the API calls + +Northbound API / Workflow ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +- An infrastructure network management API is needed +- API call to define the remote and local infrastructure endpoints +- When the endpoints are created Neutron is configured to use the new network. + +Data model objects +++++++++++++++++++ +- local and remote endpoint objects (Most probably IP addresses with some + additional properties). + +Current implementation +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Current OpenStack implementation provides no way to set up the underlay + network connection. + OpenStack Tricircle project [TRICIRCLE]_ + has plans to build up inter datacenter L2 and L3 networks. + +Gaps in the current solution +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + An infrastructure management API is missing from Neutron where the local and + remote endpoints of the underlay network could be configured. diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/cells-architecture.png b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/cells-architecture.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..476cf90 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/cells-architecture.png diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/georedundancy-after.png b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/georedundancy-after.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e02c7cd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/georedundancy-after.png diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/georedundancy-before.png b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/georedundancy-before.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..3efbbe6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/georedundancy-before.png diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/instances-architecture.png b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/instances-architecture.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..d70de02 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/instances-architecture.png diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/l3vpn-any2any.png b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/l3vpn-any2any.png Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 0000000..67b1745 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/l3vpn-any2any.png diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/l3vpn-ecmp.png b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/l3vpn-ecmp.png Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 0000000..6cfe9d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/l3vpn-ecmp.png diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/l3vpn-figures.pptx b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/l3vpn-figures.pptx Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 0000000..3de32dc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/l3vpn-figures.pptx diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/l3vpn-hub-spoke.png b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/l3vpn-hub-spoke.png Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 0000000..4d7f867 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/images/l3vpn-hub-spoke.png diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/l3vpn.rst b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/l3vpn.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c2da424 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/l3vpn.rst @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 +.. (c) Bin Hu + +L3VPN Use Cases +=============== + +.. toctree:: + l3vpn_any_to_any.rst + l3vpn_ecmp.rst + l3vpn_hub_and_spoke.rst + + +Conclusion +---------- + +Based on the gap analyses of the three specific L3VPN use cases we conclude that +there are gaps in both the functionality provided by the BGPVPN project as well +as the support for multiple backends in Neutron. + +Some of the identified gaps [L3VPN-ECMP-GAP1, L3VPN-ECMP-GAP2, L3VPN-HS-GAP3] +in the BGPVPN project are merely missing functionality which can be integrated +in the existing OpenStack networking architecture. + +Other gaps, such as the inability to explicitly disable the layer 2 semantics of +Neutron networks [L3VPN-HS-GAP1] or the tight integration of ports and networks +[L3VPN-HS-GAP2] hinder a clean integration of the needed functionality. In order +to close these gaps, fundamental changes in Neutron or alternative approaches +need to be investigated. diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/l3vpn_any_to_any.rst b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/l3vpn_any_to_any.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..574eac6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/l3vpn_any_to_any.rst @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 +.. (c) Bin Hu + +L3VPNs are virtual layer 3 networks described in multiple standards and RFCs, +such as [RFC4364]_ and [RFC7432]_. Connectivity as well as traffic separation is +achieved by exchanging routes between VRFs (Virtual Routing and Forwarding). + +Moreover, a Service Providers' virtualized network infrastructure may consist of +one or more SDN Controllers from different vendors. Those SDN Controllers may be +managed within one cloud or multiple clouds. Jointly, those VIMs (e.g. OpenStack +instances) and SDN Controllers work together in an interoperable framework to +create L3 services in the Service Providers' virtualized network infrastructure. + +While interoperability between SDN controllers and the corresponding data planes +is ensured based on standardized protocols (e.g., [RFC4364]_ and [RFC7432]_), +the integration and management of different SDN domains from the VIM is not +clearly defined. Hence, this section analyses three L3VPN use cases involving +multiple SDN Controllers. + + + +Any-to-Any Base Case +-------------------- + +Description +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This any-to-any use case is the base scenario, providing layer 3 connectivity +between VNFs in the same L3VPN while separating the traffic and IP address +spaces of different L3VPNs belonging to different tenants. + +There are 2 hosts (compute nodes). SDN Controller A and vForwarder A are +provided by Vendor A and run on host A. SDN Controller B and vForwarder B +are provided by Vendor B, and run on host B. + +There are 2 tenants. Tenant 1 creates L3VPN Blue with 2 subnets: 10.1.1.0/24 and +10.3.7.0/24. Tenant 2 creates L3VPN Red with 1 subnet and an overlapping +address space: 10.1.1.0/24. The network topology is shown in +:numref:`l3vpn-any2any-figure`. + +.. figure:: images/l3vpn-any2any.png + :name: l3vpn-any2any-figure + :width: 100% + +In L3VPN Blue, VMs G1 (10.1.1.5) and G2 (10.3.7.9) are spawned on host A, and +attached to 2 subnets (10.1.1.0/24 and 10.3.7.0/24) and assigned IP addresses +respectively. VMs G3 (10.1.1.6) and G4 (10.3.7.10) are spawned on host B, and +attached to 2 subnets (10.1.1.0/24 and 10.3.7.0/24) and assigned IP addresses +respectively. + +In L3VPN Red, VM G5 (10.1.1.5) is spawned on host A, and attached to subnet +10.1.1.0/24. VM G6 (10.1.1.6) is spawned on host B, and attached to the same +subnet 10.1.1.0/24. + + + +Derived Requirements +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Northbound API / Workflow ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + +.. **Georg: this section needs to be made more readable** + +An example of the desired workflow is as follows: + +1. Create Network + +2. Create Network VRF Policy Resource ``Any-to-Any`` + + 2.1. This policy causes the following configuration when a VM of this tenant is spawned on a host: + + 2.1.1. There will be a RD assigned per VRF + + 2.1.2. There will be a RT used for the common any-to-any communication + +3. Create Subnet + +4. Create Port (subnet, network VRF policy resource). This causes the controller to: + + 4.1. Create a VRF in vForwarder's FIB, or update VRF if it already exists + + 4.2. Install an entry for the guest's host route in FIBs of the vForwarder serving this tenant's virtual network + + 4.3. Announce guest host route to WAN-GW via MP-BGP + + + + +Current implementation +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Support for creating and managing L3VPNs is available in OpenStack Neutron by +means of the [BGPVPN]_ project. In order to create the L3VPN network +configuration described above using the API [BGPVPN]_ API, the following workflow +is needed: + +1. Create Neutron networks for tenant "Blue" + + ``neutron net-create --tenant-id Blue net1`` + + ``neutron net-create --tenant-id Blue net2`` + + +2. Create subnets for the Neutron networks for tenant "Blue" + + ``neutron subnet-create --tenant-id Blue --name subnet1 net1 10.1.1.0/24`` + + ``neutron subnet-create --tenant-id Blue --name subnet2 net2 10.3.7.0/24`` + + +3. Create Neutron ports in the corresponding networks for tenant "Blue" + + ``neutron port-create --tenant-id Blue --name G1 --fixed-ip subnet_id=subnet1,ip_address=10.1.1.5 net1`` + + ``neutron port-create --tenant-id Blue --name G2 --fixed-ip subnet_id=subnet1,ip_address=10.1.1.6 net1`` + + ``neutron port-create --tenant-id Blue --name G3 --fixed-ip subnet_id=subnet2,ip_address=10.3.7.9 net2`` + + ``neutron port-create --tenant-id Blue --name G4 --fixed-ip subnet_id=subnet2,ip_address=10.3.7.10 net2`` + + +4. Create Neutron network for tenant "Red" + + ``neutron net-create --tenant-id Red net3`` + + +5. Create subnet for the Neutron network of tenant "Red" + + ``neutron subnet-create --tenant-id Red --name subnet3 net3 10.1.1.0/24`` + + +6. Create Neutron ports in the networks of tenant "Red" + + ``neutron port-create --tenant-id Red --name G5 --fixed-ip subnet_id=subnet3,ip_address=10.1.1.5 net3`` + + ``neutron port-create --tenant-id Red --name G7 --fixed-ip subnet_id=subnet3,ip_address=10.1.1.6 net3`` + + +7. Create a L3VPN by means of the BGPVPN API for tenant "Blue" + + ``neutron bgpvpn-create --tenant-id Blue --route-targets AS:100 --name vpn1`` + + +8. Associate the L3VPN of tenant "Blue" with the previously created networks + + ``neutron bgpvpn-net-assoc-create --tenant-id Blue --network net1 --name vpn1`` + + ``neutron bgpvpn-net-assoc-create --tenant-id Blue --network net2 --name vpn1`` + + +9. Create a L3VPN by means of the BGPVPN API for tenant "Red" + + ``neutron bgpvpn-create --tenant-id Red --route-targets AS:200 --name vpn2`` + + +10. Associate the L3VPN of tenant "Red" with the previously created networks + + ``neutron bgpvpn-net-assoc-create --tenant-id Red --network net3 --name vpn2`` + + +Comments: + +* In this configuration only one BGPVPN for each tenant is created. + +* The ports are associated indirectly to the VPN through their networks. + +* The BGPVPN backend takes care of distributing the /32 routes to the vForwarder + instances and assigning appropriate RD values. + + + +Gaps in the current solution +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +In terms of the functionality provided by the BGPVPN project, there are no gaps +preventing this particular use case from a L3VPN perspective. + +However, in order to support the multi-vendor aspects of this use case, a better +support for integrating multiple backends is needed (see previous use case). + + diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/l3vpn_ecmp.rst b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/l3vpn_ecmp.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..93f5234 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/l3vpn_ecmp.rst @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 +.. (c) Bin Hu + +L3VPN: ECMP Load Splitting Case (Anycast) +----------------------------------------- + +Description +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +In this use case, multiple instances of a VNF are reachable through the same IP. +The networking infrastructure is then responsible for spreading the network load +across the VNF instances using Equal-Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) or perform a +fail-over in case of a VNF failure. + +There are 2 hosts (compute nodes). SDN Controller A and vForwarder A are provided by +Vendor A, and run on host A. SDN Controller B and vForwarder B are provided by +Vendor B, and run on host B. + +There is one tenant. Tenant 1 creates L3VPN Blue with subnet 10.1.1.0/24. + +The network topology is shown in :numref:`l3vpn-ecmp-figure`: + +.. figure:: images/l3vpn-ecmp.png + :name: l3vpn-ecmp-figure + :width: 100% + +In L3VPN Blue, VNF1.1 and VNF1.2 are spawned on host A, attached to subnet 10.1.1.0/24 +and assigned the same IP address 10.1.1.5. VNF1.3 is spawned on host B, attached to +subnet 10.1.1.0/24 and assigned the same IP addresses 10.1.1.5. VNF 2 and VNF 3 are spawned +on host A and B respectively, attached to subnet 10.1.1.0/24, and assigned different IP +addresses 10.1.1.6 and 10.1.1.3 respectively. + +Here, the Network VRF Policy Resource is ``ECMP/AnyCast``. Traffic to the +anycast IP **10.1.1.5** can be load split from either WAN GW or another VM like +G5. + + + +Current implementation +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Support for creating and managing L3VPNs is, in general, available in OpenStack +Neutron by means of the BGPVPN project [BGPVPN]_. However, the BGPVPN project +does not yet fully support ECMP as described in the following. + +There are (at least) two different approached to configuring ECMP: + +1. Using Neutron ports with identical IP addresses, or + +2. Using Neutron ports with unique IPs addresses and creating static routes to a + common IP prefix with next hops pointing to the unique IP addresses. + + + +Ports with identical IP addresses ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + +In this approach, multiple Neutron ports using the same IP address are created. +In the current Neutron architecture, a port has to reside in a specific Neutron +network. However, re-using the same IP address multiple times in a given Neutron +network is not possible as this would create an IP collision. As a consequence, +creating one Neutron network for each port is required. + +Given multiple Neutron networks, the BGPVPN API allows for associating those +networks with the same VPN. It is then up to the networking backend to implement +ECMP load balancing. This behavior and the corresponding API for configuring the +behavior is currently not available. It is nevertheless on the road map of the +BGPVPN project. + +.. **Georg: we could add an API usage example here similarly to the one below** + + +Static Routes to ports with unique IP addresses ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + +In this approach, Neutron ports are assigned unique IPs and static routes +pointing to the same ECMP load-balanced prefix are created. The static routes +define the unique Neutron port IPs as next-hop addresses. + +Currently, the API for static routes is not yet available in the BGPVPN project, +but it is on the road map. The following work flow shows how to realize this +particular use case under the assumption that support for static routes is +available in the BGPVPN API. + + +1. Create Neutron network for tenant "Blue" + + ``neutron net-create --tenant-id Blue net1`` + + +2. Create subnet for the network of tenant "Blue" + + ``neutron subnet-create --tenant-id Blue --name subnet1 net1 5.1.1.0/24`` + + +3. Create Neutron ports in the network of tenant "Blue" + + ``neutron port-create --tenant-id Blue --name G1 --fixed-ip subnet_id=subnet1,ip_address=5.1.1.1 net1`` + + ``neutron port-create --tenant-id Blue --name G2 --fixed-ip subnet_id=subnet1,ip_address=5.1.1.2 net1`` + + ``neutron port-create --tenant-id Blue --name G3 --fixed-ip subnet_id=subnet1,ip_address=5.1.1.3 net1`` + + ``neutron port-create --tenant-id Blue --name G4 --fixed-ip subnet_id=subnet1,ip_address=5.1.1.4 net1`` + + ``neutron port-create --tenant-id Blue --name G5 --fixed-ip subnet_id=subnet1,ip_address=5.1.1.5 net1`` + + ``neutron port-create --tenant-id Blue --name G6 --fixed-ip subnet_id=subnet1,ip_address=5.1.1.6 net1`` + + +4. Create a L3VPN for tenant "Blue" + + ``neutron bgpvpn-create --tenant-id Blue --route-target AS:100 vpn1`` + + +5. Associate the BGPVPN with the network of tenant "Blue" + + ``neutron bgpvpn-network-associate --tenant-id Blue --network-id net1 vpn1`` + + +6. Create static routes which point to the same target + + ``neutron bgpvpn-static-route-add --tenant-id Blue --cidr 10.1.1.5/32 --nexthop-ip 5.1.1.1 vpn1`` + + ``neutron bgpvpn-static-route-add --tenant-id Blue --cidr 10.1.1.5/32 --nexthop-ip 5.1.1.2 vpn1`` + + ``neutron bgpvpn-static-route-add --tenant-id Blue --cidr 10.1.1.5/32 --nexthop-ip 5.1.1.3 vpn1`` + + + +Gaps in the current solution +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Given the use case description and the currently available implementation in +OpenStack provided by BGPVPN project, we identify the following gaps: + +* **[L3VPN-ECMP-GAP1] Static routes are not yet supported by the BGPVPN project.** + + Currently, no API for configuring static routes is available in the BGPVPN + project. This feature is on the road map, however. + + +* **[L3VPN-ECMP-GAP2] Behavior not defined for multiple Neutron ports of the same + IP** + + The Neutron and BGPVPN API allow for creating multiple ports with the same + IP in different networks and associating the networks with the same VPN. The + exact behavior of this configuration is however not defined and an API for + configuring the behavior (load-balancing or fail-over) is missing. Development + of this feature is on the road map of the project, however. + + +* **[L3VPN-ECMP-GAP3] It is not possible to assign the same IP to multiple Neutron + ports within the same Neutron subnet.** + + This is due to the fundamental requirement of avoiding IP collisions within + the L2 domain which is a Neutron network. + + +Conclusions +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +In the context of the ECMP use case, three gaps have been +identified. Gap [L3VPN-ECMP-GAP1] and [L3VPN-ECMP-GAP2] are missing or undefined +functionality in the BGPVPN project. There is no architectural hindrance +preventing the implementation of the missing features in the BGPVPN project as +well as in Neutron. + +The third gap [L3VPN-ECMP-GAP3] is based on the fact that Neutron ports always +have to exist in a Neutron network. As a consequence, in order to create ports +with the same IP, multiple networks must be used. This port-network binding +will most likely not be relaxed in future releases of Neutron to retain backwards +compatibility. A clean alternative to Neutron can instead provide more modeling +flexibility. diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/l3vpn_hub_and_spoke.rst b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/l3vpn_hub_and_spoke.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e98bd25 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/l3vpn_hub_and_spoke.rst @@ -0,0 +1,259 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 +.. (c) Bin Hu + +Hub and Spoke Case +------------------ + +Description +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +In a traditional Hub-and-spoke topology there are two types of network entities: +a central hub and multiple spokes. The corresponding VRFs of the hub and the +spokes are configured to import and export routes such that all traffic is +directed through the hub. As a result, spokes cannot communicate with each other +directly, but only indirectly via the central hub. Hence, the hub typically +hosts central network functions such firewalls. + +Furthermore, there is no layer 2 connectivity between the VNFs. + +In addition, in this use case, the deployed network infrastructure comprises +equipment from two different vendors, Vendor A and Vendor B. There are 2 hosts +(compute nodes). SDN Controller A and vForwarder A are provided by Vendor A, and +run on host A. SDN Controller B and vForwarder B are provided by Vendor B, and run +on host B. + +There is 1 tenant. Tenant 1 creates L3VPN Blue with 2 subnets: 10.1.1.0/24 and 10.3.7.0/24. + +The network topology is shown in :numref:`l3vpn-hub-spoke-figure`: + +.. figure:: images/l3vpn-hub-spoke.png + :name: l3vpn-hub-spoke-figure + :width: 100% + +In L3VPN Blue, vFW(H) is acting the role of ``hub`` (a virtual firewall). +The other 3 VNF VMs are ``spoke``. vFW(H) and VNF1(S) are spawned on host A, +and VNF2(S) and VNF3(S) are spawned on host B. vFW(H) (10.1.1.5) and VNF2(S) +(10.1.1.6) are attached to subnet 10.1.1.0/24. VNF1(S) (10.3.7.9) and VNF3(S) +(10.3.7.10) are attached to subnet 10.3.7.0/24. + + +Derived Requirements +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Northbound API / Workflow ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + +Exemplary workflow is described as follows: + +1. Create Network + +2. Create VRF Policy Resource + + 2.1. Hub and Spoke + +3. Create Subnet + +4. Create Port + + 4.1. Subnet + + 4.2. VRF Policy Resource, [H | S] + + + +Current implementation +++++++++++++++++++++++ + +Different APIs have been developed to support creating a L3 network topology and +directing network traffic through specific network elements in specific order, +for example, [BGPVPN]_ and [NETWORKING-SFC]_. We analyzed those APIs regarding +the Hub-and-Spoke use case. + + +BGPVPN +'''''' + +Support for creating and managing L3VPNs is in general available in OpenStack +Neutron by means of the BGPVPN API [BGPVPN]_. The [BGPVPN]_ API currently +supports the concepts of network- and router-associations. An association maps +Neutron network objects (networks and routers) to a VRF with the following +semantics: + +* A *network association* interconnects all subnets and ports of a Neutron + network by binding them to a given VRF +* a *router association* interconnects all networks, and hence indirectly all + ports, connected to a Neutron router by binding them to a given VRF + +It is important to notice that these associations apply to entire Neutron +networks including all ports connected to a network. This is due to the fact +that in the Neutron, ports can only exist within a network but not individually. +Furthermore, Neutron networks were originally designed to represent layer 2 +domains. As a result, ports within the same Neutron network typically have layer +connectivity among each other. There are efforts to relax this original design +assumption, e.g. routed networks, which however do not solve the problem at hand +here (see the gap analysis further down below). + +In order to realize the hub-and-spoke topology outlined above, VRFs need to be +created on a per port basis. Specifically, ports belonging to the same network +should not be interconnected except through a corresponding configuration of a +per-port-VRF. This configuration includes setting up next-hop routing table, +labels, I-RT and E-RT etc. in order to enable traffic direction from hub to +spokes. + +It may be argued that given the current network- and router-association mechanisms, +the following workflow establishes a network topology which aims to achieve the desired +traffic flow from Hub to Spokes. The basic idea is to model separate VRFs per VM +by creating a dedicated Neutron network with two subnets for each VRF in the +Hub-and-Spoke topology. + +1. Create Neutron network "hub" + + ``neutron net-create --tenant-id Blue hub`` + + +2. Create a separate Neutron network for every "spoke" + + ``neutron net-create --tenant-id Blue spoke-i`` + + +3. For every network (hub and spokes), create two subnets + + ``neutron subnet-create <hub/spoke-i UUID> --tenant-id Blue 10.1.1.0/24`` + + ``neutron subnet-create <hub/spoke-i UUID> --tenant-id Blue 10.3.7.0/24`` + + +4. Create the Neutron ports in the corresponding networks + + ``neutron port-create --tenant-id Blue --name vFW(H) --fixed-ip subnet_id=<hub UUID>,ip_address=10.1.1.5`` + + ``neutron port-create --tenant-id Blue --name VNF1(S) --fixed-ip subnet_id=<spoke-i UUID>,ip_address=10.3.7.9`` + + ``neutron port-create --tenant-id Blue --name VNF2(S) --fixed-ip subnet_id=<spoke-i UUID>,ip_address=10.1.1.6`` + + ``neutron port-create --tenant-id Blue --name VNF3(S) --fixed-ip subnet_id=<spoke-i UUID>,ip_address=10.3.7.10`` + + +5. Create a BGPVPN object (VRF) for the hub network with the corresponding import + and export targets + + ``neutron bgpvpn-create --name hub-vrf --import-targets <RT-hub RT-spoke> --export-targets <RT-hub>`` + + +6. Create a BGPVPN object (VRF) for every spoke network with the corresponding import + and export targets + + ``neutron bgpvpn-create --name spoke-i-vrf --import-targets <RT-hub> --export-targets <RT-spoke>`` + + +7. Associate the hub network with the hub VRF + + ``bgpvpn-net-assoc-create hub --network <hub network-UUID>`` + + +8. Associate each spoke network with the corresponding spoke VRF + + ``bgpvpn-net-assoc-create spoke-i --network <spoke-i network-UUID>`` + + +9. Add static route to direct all traffic to vFW VNF running at the hub. + + **Note:** Support for static routes not yet available. + + ``neutron bgpvpn-static-route-add --tenant-id Blue --cidr 0/0 --nexthop-ip 10.1.1.5 hub`` + +After step 9, VMs can be booted with the corresponding ports. + +The resulting network topology intents to resemble the target topology as shown in +:numref:`l3vpn-hub-spoke-figure`, and achieve the desired traffic direction from Hub to Spoke. +However, it deviates significantly from the essence of the Hub-and-Spoke use case as +described above in terms of desired network topology, i.e. one L3VPN with multiple +VRFs associated with vFW(H) and other VNFs(S) separately. And this method of using +the current network- and router-association mechanism is not scalable when there are large +number of Spokes, and in case of scale-in and scale-out of Hub and Spokes. + +The gap analysis in the next section describes the technical reasons for this. + + +Network SFC +''''''''''' + +Support of Service Function Chaining is in general available in OpenStack Neutron through +the Neutron API for Service Insertion and Chaining project [NETWORKING-SFC]_. +However, the [NETWORKING-SFC]_ API is focused on creating service chaining through +NSH at L2, although it intends to be agnostic of backend implementation. It is unclear whether +or not the service chain from vFW(H) to VNFs(S) can be created in the way of L3VPN-based +VRF policy approach using [NETWORKING-SFC]_ API. + +Hence, it is currently not possible to configure the networking use case as described above. + +.. **Georg: we need to look deeper into SFC to substantiate our claim here.** + + +Gaps in the Current Solution +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + +Given the use case description and the currently available implementation in +OpenStack provided by [BGPVPN]_ project and [NETWORKING-SFC]_ project, +we identify the following gaps: + + +* **[L3VPN-HS-GAP1] No means to disable layer 2 semantic of Neutron networks** + + Neutron networks were originally designed to represent layer 2 broadcast + domains. As such, all ports connected to a network are in principle + inter-connected on layer 2 (not considering security rules here). In contrast, + in order to realize L3VPN use cases such as the hub-and-spoke topology, + connectivity among ports must be controllable on a per port basis on layer 3. + + There are ongoing efforts to relax this design assumption, for instance by means + of routed networks ([NEUTRON-ROUTED-NETWORKS]_). In a routed network, a Neutron network + is a layer 3 domain which is composed of multiple layer 2 segments. A routed + network only provides layer 3 connectivity across segments, but layer 2 + connectivity across segments is **optional**. This means, depending on the + particular networking backend and segmentation technique used, there might be + layer 2 connectivity across segments or not. A new flag ``l2_adjacency`` + indicates whether or not a user can expect layer 2 connectivity or not across + segments. + + This flag, however, is ready-only and cannot be used to overwrite or disable the + layer 2 semantics of a Neutron network. + + +* **[L3VPN-HS-GAP2] No port-association available in the BGPVPN project yet** + + Due to gap [L3VPN-HS-GAP1], the [BGPVPN]_ project was not yet able to implement + the concept of a port association. A port association would allow to associate + individual ports with VRFs and thereby control layer 3 connectivity on a per + port basis. + + The workflow described above intents to mimic port associations by means of + separate Neutron networks. Hence, the resulting workflow is overly complicated + and not intuitive by requiring to create additional Neutron entities (networks) + which are not present in the target topology. Moreover, creating large numbers + of Neutron networks limits scalability. + + Port associations are on the road map of the [BGPVPN]_ project, however, no + design that overcomes the problems outlined above has been specified yet. + Consequently, the time-line for this feature is unknown. + + As a result, creating a clean Hub-and-Spoke topology is current not yet + supported by the [BGPVPN]_ API. + + +* **[L3VPN-HS-GAP3] No support for static routes in the BGPVPN project yet** + + In order to realize the hub-and-spoke use case, a static route is needed to + attract the traffic at the hub to the corresponding VNF (direct traffic to the + firewall). Support for static routes in the BGPVPN project is available for the + router association by means of the Neutron router extra routes feature. However, + there is no support for static routes for network and port associations yet. + + Design work for supporting static routes for network associations has started, + but no final design has been proposed yet. + +.. +.. L3VPN-HS-GAP4 Creating a clean hub-and-spoke topology is current not yet supported by the NETWORKING-SFC API. +.. [Georg: We need to look deeper into SFC before we can substantiate our claim] +.. diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/multiple_backends.rst b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/multiple_backends.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a31d1ab --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/multiple_backends.rst @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 +.. (c) Bin Hu + + +Multiple Networking Backends +---------------------------- + +Description +^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Network Function Virtualization (NFV) brings the need of supporting multiple networking +back-ends in virtualized infrastructure environments. + +First of all, a Service Providers' virtualized network infrastructure will consist of +multiple SDN Controllers from different vendors for obvious business reasons. +Those SDN Controllers may be managed within one cloud or multiple clouds. +Jointly, those VIMs (e.g. OpenStack instances) and SDN Controllers need to work +together in an interoperable framework to create NFV services in the Service +Providers' virtualized network infrastructure. It is needed that one VIM (e.g. OpenStack +instance) shall be able to support multiple SDN Controllers as back-end. + +Secondly, a Service Providers' virtualized network infrastructure will serve multiple, +heterogeneous administrative domains, such as mobility domain, access networks, +edge domain, core networks, WAN, enterprise domain, etc. The architecture of +virtualized network infrastructure needs different types of SDN Controllers that are +specialized and targeted for specific features and requirements of those different domains. +The architectural design may also include global and local SDN Controllers. +Importantly, multiple local SDN Controllers may be managed by one VIM (e.g. +OpenStack instance). + +Furthermore, even within one administrative domain, NFV services could also be quite diversified. +Specialized NFV services require specialized and dedicated SDN Controllers. Thus a Service +Provider needs to use multiple APIs and back-ends simultaneously in order to provide +users with diversified services at the same time. At the same time, for a particular NFV service, +the new networking APIs need to be agnostic of the back-ends. + + + +Requirements +^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Based on the use cases described above, we derive the following +requirements. + +It is expected that in NFV networking service domain: + +* One OpenStack instance shall support multiple SDN Controllers simultaneously + +* New networking API shall be integrated flexibly and quickly + +* New NFV Networking APIs shall be agnostic of back-ends + +* Interoperability is needed among multi-vendor SDN Controllers at back-end + + + +Current Implementation +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +In the current implementation of OpenStack networking, SDN controllers are +hooked up to Neutron by means of dedicated plugins. A plugin translates +requests coming in through the Neutron northbound API, e.g. the creation of a +new network, into the appropriate northbound API calls of the corresponding SDN +controller. + +There are multiple different plugin mechanisms currently available in Neutron, +each targeting a different purpose. In general, there are `core plugins`, +covering basic networking functionality and `service plugins`, providing layer 3 +connectivity and advanced networking services such as FWaaS or LBaaS. + + + +Core and ML2 Plugins +'''''''''''''''''''' + +The Neutron core plugins cover basic Neutron functionality, such as creating +networks and ports. Every core plugin implements the functionality needed to +cover the full range of the Neutron core API. A special instance of a core +plugin is the ML2 core plugin, which in turn allows for using sub-drivers - +separated again into type drivers (VLAN, VxLAN, GRE) or mechanism drivers (OVS, +OpenDaylight, etc.). This allows to using dedicated sub-drivers for dedicated +functionality. + +In practice, different SDN controllers use both plugin mechanisms to integrate +with Neutron. For instance OpenDaylight uses a ML2 mechanism plugin driver +whereas OpenContrail integrated by means of a full core plugin. + +In its current implementation, only one Neutron core plugin can be active at any +given time. This means that if a SDN controller utilizes a dedicated core +plugin, no other SDN controller can be used at the same time for the same type +of service. + +In contrast, the ML2 plugin allows for using multiple mechanism drivers +simultaneously. In principle, this enables a parallel deployment of multiple SDN +controllers if and only if all SDN controllers integrate through a ML2 mechanism +driver. + + + +Neutron Service Plugins +''''''''''''''''''''''' + +Neutron service plugins target L3 services and advanced networking services, +such as BGPVPN or LBaaS. Typically, a service itself provides a driver plugin +mechanism which needs to be implemented for every SDN controller. As the +architecture of the driver mechanism is up to the community developing the +service plugin, it needs to be analyzed for every driver plugin mechanism +individually if and how multiple back-ends are supported. + + + +Gaps in the current solution +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Given the use case description and the current implementation of OpenStack +Neutron, we identify the following gaps: + + +* **[MB-GAP1] Limited support for multiple back-ends** + + As pointed out above, the Neutron core plugin mechanism only allows for one + active plugin at a time. The ML2 plugin allows for running multiple mechanism + drivers in parallel, however, successful inter-working strongly depends on the + individual driver. + + Moreover, the ML2 plugin and its API is - by design - very layer 2 focused. For + NFV networking use cases beyond layer 2, for instance L3VPNs, a more flexible + API is required. + + +Conclusion +^^^^^^^^^^ + +We conclude that a complementary method of integrating multiple SDN controllers +into a single OpenStack deployment is needed to fulfill the needs of operators. diff --git a/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/service_binding_pattern.rst b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/service_binding_pattern.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f96e646 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/development/requirements/use_cases/service_binding_pattern.rst @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 +.. (c) Georg Kunz + + +Service Binding Design Pattern +------------------------------ + +Description +^^^^^^^^^^^ + +This use case aims at binding multiple networks or network services to a single +vNIC (port) of a given VM. There are several specific application scenarios for +this use case: + +* Shared Service Functions: A service function connects to multiple networks of + a tenant by means of a single vNIC. + + Typically, a vNIC is bound to a single network. Hence, in order to directly + connect a service function to multiple networks at the same time, multiple vNICs + are needed - each vNIC binds the service function to a separate network. For + service functions requiring connectivity to a large number of networks, this + approach does not scale as the number of vNICs per VM is limited and additional + vNICs occupy additional resources on the hypervisor. + + A more scalable approach is to bind multiple networks to a single vNIC + and let the service function, which is now shared among multiple networks, + handle the separation of traffic itself. + + +* Multiple network services: A service function connects to multiple different + network types such as a L2 network, a L3(-VPN) network, a SFC domain or + services such as DHCP, IPAM, firewall/security, etc. + + +In order to achieve a flexible binding of multiple services to vNICs, a logical +separation between a vNIC (instance port) - that is, the entity that is used by +the compute service as hand-off point between the network and the VM - and a +service interface - that is, the interface a service binds to - is needed. + +Furthermore, binding network services to service interfaces instead of to the +vNIC directly enables a more dynamic management of the network connectivity of +network functions as there is no need to add or remove vNICs. + + +Requirements +^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Data model +"""""""""" + +This section describes a general concept for a data model and a corresponding +API. It is not intended that these entities are to be implemented exactly as +described. Instead, they are meant to show a design pattern for future network +service models and their corresponding APIs. For example, the "service" entity +should hold all required attributes for a specific service, for instance a given +L3VPN service. Hence, there would be no entity "service" but rather "L3VPN". + + +* ``instance-port`` + + An instance port object represents a vNIC which is bindable to an OpenStack + instance by the compute service (Nova). + + *Attributes:* Since an instance-port is a layer 2 device, its attributes + include the MAC address, MTU and others. + + +* ``interface`` + + An interface object is a logical abstraction of an instance-port. It allows to + build hierarchies of interfaces by means of a reference to a parent interface. + Each interface represents a subset of the packets traversing a given port or + parent interface after applying a layer 2 segmentation mechanism specific to the + interface type. + + *Attributes:* The attributes are specific to the type of interface. + + *Examples:* trunk interface, VLAN interface, VxLAN interface, MPLS interface + + +* ``service`` + + A service object represents a specific networking service. + + *Attributes:* The attributes of the service objects are service specific and + valid for given service instance. + + *Examples:* L2, L3VPN, SFC + + +* ``service-port`` + + A service port object binds an interface to a service. + + *Attributes:* The attributes of a service-port are specific for the bound + service. + + *Examples:* port services (IPAM, DHCP, security), L2 interfaces, L3VPN + interfaces, SFC interfaces. + + + +Northbound API +"""""""""""""" + +An exemplary API for manipulating the data model is described below. As for the +data model, this API is not intended to be a concrete API, but rather an example +for a design pattern that clearly separates ports from services and service +bindings. + +* ``instance-port-{create,delete} <name>`` + + Creates or deletes an instance port object that represents a vNIC in a VM. + + +* ``interface-{create,delete} <name> [interface type specific parameters]`` + + Creates or deletes an interface object. + + +* ``service-{create,delete} <name> [service specific parameters]`` + + Create a specific service object, for instance a L3VPN, a SFC domain, or a L2 network. + + +* ``service-port-{create,delete} <service-id> <interface-id> [service specific parameters]`` + + Creates a service port object, thereby binding an interface to a given service. + + + +Orchestration +""""""""""""" + +None. + + +Dependencies on other resources +""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" + +The compute service needs to be able to consume instance ports instead of +classic Neutron ports. + + +Current Implementation +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +The core Neutron API does not follow the service binding design pattern. For +example, a port has to exist in a Neutron network - specifically it has to be +created for a particular Neutron network. It is not possible to create just a +port and assign it to a network later on as needed. As a result, a port cannot +be moved from one network to another, for instance. + +Regarding the shared service function use case outlined above, there is an +ongoing activity in Neutron [VLAN-AWARE-VMs]_. The solution proposed by this +activity allows for creating a trunk-port and multiple sub-ports per Neutron +port which can be bound to multiple networks (one network per sub-port). This +allows for binding a single VNIC to multiple networks and allow the +corresponding VMs to handle the network segmentation (VLAN tagged traffic) +itself. While this is a step in the direction of binding multiple services +(networks) to a port, it is limited by the fundamental assumption of Neutron +that a port has to exist on a given network. + +There are extensions of Neutron that follow the service binding design pattern +more closely. An example is the BGPVPN project. A rough mapping of the service +binding design pattern to the data model of the BGPVPN project is as follows: + +* instance-port -> Neutron port + +* service -> VPN + +* service-port -> network association + +This example shows that extensions of Neutron can in fact follow the described +design pattern in their respective data model and APIs. + + + +Conclusions +^^^^^^^^^^^ + +In conclusion, the design decisions taken for the core Neutron API and data +model do not follow the service binding model. As a result, it is hard to +implement certain use cases which rely on a flexible binding of services to +ports. Due to the backwards compatibility to the large amount of existing +Neutron code, it is unlikely that the core Neutron API will adapt to this design +pattern. + +New extension to Neutron however are relatively free to choose their data model +and API - within the architectural boundaries of Neutron of course. In order to +provide the flexibility needed, extensions shall aim for following the service +binding design pattern if possible. + +For the same reason, new networking frameworks complementing Neutron, such as +Gluon, shall follow this design pattern and create the foundation for +implementing networking services accordingly. + |
