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-.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
-.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
-.. (c) Bin Hu
-
-
-Multiple Networking Backends
-----------------------------
-
-Description
-^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Network Function Virtualization (NFV) brings the need of supporting multiple networking
-back-ends in virtualized infrastructure environments.
-
-First of all, a Service Providers' virtualized network infrastructure will consist of
-multiple SDN Controllers from different vendors for obvious business reasons.
-Those SDN Controllers may be managed within one cloud or multiple clouds.
-Jointly, those VIMs (e.g. OpenStack instances) and SDN Controllers need to work
-together in an interoperable framework to create NFV services in the Service
-Providers' virtualized network infrastructure. It is needed that one VIM (e.g. OpenStack
-instance) shall be able to support multiple SDN Controllers as back-end.
-
-Secondly, a Service Providers' virtualized network infrastructure will serve multiple,
-heterogeneous administrative domains, such as mobility domain, access networks,
-edge domain, core networks, WAN, enterprise domain, etc. The architecture of
-virtualized network infrastructure needs different types of SDN Controllers that are
-specialized and targeted for specific features and requirements of those different domains.
-The architectural design may also include global and local SDN Controllers.
-Importantly, multiple local SDN Controllers may be managed by one VIM (e.g.
-OpenStack instance).
-
-Furthermore, even within one administrative domain, NFV services could also be quite diversified.
-Specialized NFV services require specialized and dedicated SDN Controllers. Thus a Service
-Provider needs to use multiple APIs and back-ends simultaneously in order to provide
-users with diversified services at the same time. At the same time, for a particular NFV service,
-the new networking APIs need to be agnostic of the back-ends.
-
-
-
-Requirements
-^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Based on the use cases described above, we derive the following
-requirements.
-
-It is expected that in NFV networking service domain:
-
-* One OpenStack instance shall support multiple APIs and SDN Controllers simultaneously
-
-* New NFV Networking APIs shall be agnostic of back-ends
-
-* Interoperability is needed among multi-vendor SDN Controllers at back-end
-
-
-
-Current Implementation
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-In the current implementation of OpenStack networking, SDN controllers are
-hooked up to Neutron by means of dedicated plugins.  A plugin translates
-requests coming in through the Neutron northbound API, e.g. the creation of a
-new network, into the appropriate northbound API calls of the corresponding SDN
-controller.
-
-There are multiple different plugin mechanisms currently available in Neutron,
-each targeting a different purpose. In general, there are `core plugins`,
-covering basic networking functionality and `service plugins`, providing layer 3
-connectivity and advanced networking services such as FWaaS or LBaaS.
-
-
-
-Core and ML2 Plugins
-''''''''''''''''''''
-
-The Neutron core plugins cover basic Neutron functionality, such as creating
-networks and ports. Every core plugin implements the functionality needed to
-cover the full range of the Neutron core API. A special instance of a core
-plugin is the ML2 core plugin, which in turn allows for using sub-drivers -
-separated again into type drivers (VLAN, VxLAN, GRE) or mechanism drivers (OVS,
-OpenDaylight, etc.). This allows to using dedicated sub-drivers for dedicated
-functionality.
-
-In practice, different SDN controllers use both plugin mechanisms to integrate
-with Neutron. For instance OpenDaylight uses a ML2 mechanism plugin driver
-whereas OpenContrail integrated by means of a full core plugin.
-
-In its current implementation, only one Neutron core plugin can be active at any
-given time. This means that if a SDN controller utilizes a dedicated core
-plugin, no other SDN controller can be used at the same time for the same type
-of service.
-
-In contrast, the ML2 plugin allows for using multiple mechanism drivers
-simultaneously. In principle, this enables a parallel deployment of multiple SDN
-controllers if and only if all SDN controllers integrate through a ML2 mechanism
-driver.
-
-
-
-Neutron Service Plugins
-'''''''''''''''''''''''
-
-Neutron service plugins target L3 services and advanced networking services,
-such as BGPVPN or LBaaS. Typically, a service itself provides a driver plugin
-mechanism which needs to be implemented for every SDN controller. As the
-architecture of the driver mechanism is up to the community developing the
-service plugin, it needs to be analyzed for every driver plugin mechanism
-individually if and how multiple back-ends are supported.
-
-
-
-Gaps in the current solution
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Given the use case description and the current implementation of OpenStack
-Neutron, we identify the following gaps:
-
-
-[MB-GAP1] Limited support for multiple back-ends
-'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
-
-As pointed out above, the Neutron core plugin mechanism only allows for one
-active plugin at a time. The ML2 plugin allows for running multiple mechanism
-drivers in parallel, however, successful inter-working strongly depends on the
-individual driver.
-
-
-
-Conclusion
-^^^^^^^^^^
-
-We conclude that a clean method of integrating multiple SDN controllers into a
-single OpenStack deployment is needed to fulfill the needs of operators.