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+/*
+ * arch/alpha/lib/ev6-copy_page.S
+ *
+ * Copy an entire page.
+ */
+
+/* The following comparison of this routine vs the normal copy_page.S
+ was written by an unnamed ev6 hardware designer and forwarded to me
+ via Steven Hobbs <hobbs@steven.zko.dec.com>.
+
+ First Problem: STQ overflows.
+ -----------------------------
+
+ It would be nice if EV6 handled every resource overflow efficiently,
+ but for some it doesn't. Including store queue overflows. It causes
+ a trap and a restart of the pipe.
+
+ To get around this we sometimes use (to borrow a term from a VSSAD
+ researcher) "aeration". The idea is to slow the rate at which the
+ processor receives valid instructions by inserting nops in the fetch
+ path. In doing so, you can prevent the overflow and actually make
+ the code run faster. You can, of course, take advantage of the fact
+ that the processor can fetch at most 4 aligned instructions per cycle.
+
+ I inserted enough nops to force it to take 10 cycles to fetch the
+ loop code. In theory, EV6 should be able to execute this loop in
+ 9 cycles but I was not able to get it to run that fast -- the initial
+ conditions were such that I could not reach this optimum rate on
+ (chaotic) EV6. I wrote the code such that everything would issue
+ in order.
+
+ Second Problem: Dcache index matches.
+ -------------------------------------
+
+ If you are going to use this routine on random aligned pages, there
+ is a 25% chance that the pages will be at the same dcache indices.
+ This results in many nasty memory traps without care.
+
+ The solution is to schedule the prefetches to avoid the memory
+ conflicts. I schedule the wh64 prefetches farther ahead of the
+ read prefetches to avoid this problem.
+
+ Third Problem: Needs more prefetching.
+ --------------------------------------
+
+ In order to improve the code I added deeper prefetching to take the
+ most advantage of EV6's bandwidth.
+
+ I also prefetched the read stream. Note that adding the read prefetch
+ forced me to add another cycle to the inner-most kernel - up to 11
+ from the original 8 cycles per iteration. We could improve performance
+ further by unrolling the loop and doing multiple prefetches per cycle.
+
+ I think that the code below will be very robust and fast code for the
+ purposes of copying aligned pages. It is slower when both source and
+ destination pages are in the dcache, but it is my guess that this is
+ less important than the dcache miss case. */
+
+
+ .text
+ .align 4
+ .global copy_page
+ .ent copy_page
+copy_page:
+ .prologue 0
+
+ /* Prefetch 5 read cachelines; write-hint 10 cache lines. */
+ wh64 ($16)
+ ldl $31,0($17)
+ ldl $31,64($17)
+ lda $1,1*64($16)
+
+ wh64 ($1)
+ ldl $31,128($17)
+ ldl $31,192($17)
+ lda $1,2*64($16)
+
+ wh64 ($1)
+ ldl $31,256($17)
+ lda $18,118
+ lda $1,3*64($16)
+
+ wh64 ($1)
+ nop
+ lda $1,4*64($16)
+ lda $2,5*64($16)
+
+ wh64 ($1)
+ wh64 ($2)
+ lda $1,6*64($16)
+ lda $2,7*64($16)
+
+ wh64 ($1)
+ wh64 ($2)
+ lda $1,8*64($16)
+ lda $2,9*64($16)
+
+ wh64 ($1)
+ wh64 ($2)
+ lda $19,10*64($16)
+ nop
+
+ /* Main prefetching/write-hinting loop. */
+1: ldq $0,0($17)
+ ldq $1,8($17)
+ unop
+ unop
+
+ unop
+ unop
+ ldq $2,16($17)
+ ldq $3,24($17)
+
+ ldq $4,32($17)
+ ldq $5,40($17)
+ unop
+ unop
+
+ unop
+ unop
+ ldq $6,48($17)
+ ldq $7,56($17)
+
+ ldl $31,320($17)
+ unop
+ unop
+ unop
+
+ /* This gives the extra cycle of aeration above the minimum. */
+ unop
+ unop
+ unop
+ unop
+
+ wh64 ($19)
+ unop
+ unop
+ unop
+
+ stq $0,0($16)
+ subq $18,1,$18
+ stq $1,8($16)
+ unop
+
+ unop
+ stq $2,16($16)
+ addq $17,64,$17
+ stq $3,24($16)
+
+ stq $4,32($16)
+ stq $5,40($16)
+ addq $19,64,$19
+ unop
+
+ stq $6,48($16)
+ stq $7,56($16)
+ addq $16,64,$16
+ bne $18, 1b
+
+ /* Prefetch the final 5 cache lines of the read stream. */
+ lda $18,10
+ ldl $31,320($17)
+ ldl $31,384($17)
+ ldl $31,448($17)
+
+ ldl $31,512($17)
+ ldl $31,576($17)
+ nop
+ nop
+
+ /* Non-prefetching, non-write-hinting cleanup loop for the
+ final 10 cache lines. */
+2: ldq $0,0($17)
+ ldq $1,8($17)
+ ldq $2,16($17)
+ ldq $3,24($17)
+
+ ldq $4,32($17)
+ ldq $5,40($17)
+ ldq $6,48($17)
+ ldq $7,56($17)
+
+ stq $0,0($16)
+ subq $18,1,$18
+ stq $1,8($16)
+ addq $17,64,$17
+
+ stq $2,16($16)
+ stq $3,24($16)
+ stq $4,32($16)
+ stq $5,40($16)
+
+ stq $6,48($16)
+ stq $7,56($16)
+ addq $16,64,$16
+ bne $18, 2b
+
+ ret
+ nop
+ unop
+ nop
+
+ .end copy_page