diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'kernel/Documentation/power/opp.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | kernel/Documentation/power/opp.txt | 362 |
1 files changed, 362 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/kernel/Documentation/power/opp.txt b/kernel/Documentation/power/opp.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c6279c2be --- /dev/null +++ b/kernel/Documentation/power/opp.txt @@ -0,0 +1,362 @@ +Operating Performance Points (OPP) Library +========================================== + +(C) 2009-2010 Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>, Texas Instruments Incorporated + +Contents +-------- +1. Introduction +2. Initial OPP List Registration +3. OPP Search Functions +4. OPP Availability Control Functions +5. OPP Data Retrieval Functions +6. Data Structures + +1. Introduction +=============== +1.1 What is an Operating Performance Point (OPP)? + +Complex SoCs of today consists of a multiple sub-modules working in conjunction. +In an operational system executing varied use cases, not all modules in the SoC +need to function at their highest performing frequency all the time. To +facilitate this, sub-modules in a SoC are grouped into domains, allowing some +domains to run at lower voltage and frequency while other domains run at +voltage/frequency pairs that are higher. + +The set of discrete tuples consisting of frequency and voltage pairs that +the device will support per domain are called Operating Performance Points or +OPPs. + +As an example: +Let us consider an MPU device which supports the following: +{300MHz at minimum voltage of 1V}, {800MHz at minimum voltage of 1.2V}, +{1GHz at minimum voltage of 1.3V} + +We can represent these as three OPPs as the following {Hz, uV} tuples: +{300000000, 1000000} +{800000000, 1200000} +{1000000000, 1300000} + +1.2 Operating Performance Points Library + +OPP library provides a set of helper functions to organize and query the OPP +information. The library is located in drivers/base/power/opp.c and the header +is located in include/linux/pm_opp.h. OPP library can be enabled by enabling +CONFIG_PM_OPP from power management menuconfig menu. OPP library depends on +CONFIG_PM as certain SoCs such as Texas Instrument's OMAP framework allows to +optionally boot at a certain OPP without needing cpufreq. + +Typical usage of the OPP library is as follows: +(users) -> registers a set of default OPPs -> (library) +SoC framework -> modifies on required cases certain OPPs -> OPP layer + -> queries to search/retrieve information -> + +OPP layer expects each domain to be represented by a unique device pointer. SoC +framework registers a set of initial OPPs per device with the OPP layer. This +list is expected to be an optimally small number typically around 5 per device. +This initial list contains a set of OPPs that the framework expects to be safely +enabled by default in the system. + +Note on OPP Availability: +------------------------ +As the system proceeds to operate, SoC framework may choose to make certain +OPPs available or not available on each device based on various external +factors. Example usage: Thermal management or other exceptional situations where +SoC framework might choose to disable a higher frequency OPP to safely continue +operations until that OPP could be re-enabled if possible. + +OPP library facilitates this concept in it's implementation. The following +operational functions operate only on available opps: +opp_find_freq_{ceil, floor}, dev_pm_opp_get_voltage, dev_pm_opp_get_freq, dev_pm_opp_get_opp_count + +dev_pm_opp_find_freq_exact is meant to be used to find the opp pointer which can then +be used for dev_pm_opp_enable/disable functions to make an opp available as required. + +WARNING: Users of OPP library should refresh their availability count using +get_opp_count if dev_pm_opp_enable/disable functions are invoked for a device, the +exact mechanism to trigger these or the notification mechanism to other +dependent subsystems such as cpufreq are left to the discretion of the SoC +specific framework which uses the OPP library. Similar care needs to be taken +care to refresh the cpufreq table in cases of these operations. + +WARNING on OPP List locking mechanism: +------------------------------------------------- +OPP library uses RCU for exclusivity. RCU allows the query functions to operate +in multiple contexts and this synchronization mechanism is optimal for a read +intensive operations on data structure as the OPP library caters to. + +To ensure that the data retrieved are sane, the users such as SoC framework +should ensure that the section of code operating on OPP queries are locked +using RCU read locks. The opp_find_freq_{exact,ceil,floor}, +opp_get_{voltage, freq, opp_count} fall into this category. + +opp_{add,enable,disable} are updaters which use mutex and implement it's own +RCU locking mechanisms. These functions should *NOT* be called under RCU locks +and other contexts that prevent blocking functions in RCU or mutex operations +from working. + +2. Initial OPP List Registration +================================ +The SoC implementation calls dev_pm_opp_add function iteratively to add OPPs per +device. It is expected that the SoC framework will register the OPP entries +optimally- typical numbers range to be less than 5. The list generated by +registering the OPPs is maintained by OPP library throughout the device +operation. The SoC framework can subsequently control the availability of the +OPPs dynamically using the dev_pm_opp_enable / disable functions. + +dev_pm_opp_add - Add a new OPP for a specific domain represented by the device pointer. + The OPP is defined using the frequency and voltage. Once added, the OPP + is assumed to be available and control of it's availability can be done + with the dev_pm_opp_enable/disable functions. OPP library internally stores + and manages this information in the opp struct. This function may be + used by SoC framework to define a optimal list as per the demands of + SoC usage environment. + + WARNING: Do not use this function in interrupt context. + + Example: + soc_pm_init() + { + /* Do things */ + r = dev_pm_opp_add(mpu_dev, 1000000, 900000); + if (!r) { + pr_err("%s: unable to register mpu opp(%d)\n", r); + goto no_cpufreq; + } + /* Do cpufreq things */ + no_cpufreq: + /* Do remaining things */ + } + +3. OPP Search Functions +======================= +High level framework such as cpufreq operates on frequencies. To map the +frequency back to the corresponding OPP, OPP library provides handy functions +to search the OPP list that OPP library internally manages. These search +functions return the matching pointer representing the opp if a match is +found, else returns error. These errors are expected to be handled by standard +error checks such as IS_ERR() and appropriate actions taken by the caller. + +dev_pm_opp_find_freq_exact - Search for an OPP based on an *exact* frequency and + availability. This function is especially useful to enable an OPP which + is not available by default. + Example: In a case when SoC framework detects a situation where a + higher frequency could be made available, it can use this function to + find the OPP prior to call the dev_pm_opp_enable to actually make it available. + rcu_read_lock(); + opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_exact(dev, 1000000000, false); + rcu_read_unlock(); + /* dont operate on the pointer.. just do a sanity check.. */ + if (IS_ERR(opp)) { + pr_err("frequency not disabled!\n"); + /* trigger appropriate actions.. */ + } else { + dev_pm_opp_enable(dev,1000000000); + } + + NOTE: This is the only search function that operates on OPPs which are + not available. + +dev_pm_opp_find_freq_floor - Search for an available OPP which is *at most* the + provided frequency. This function is useful while searching for a lesser + match OR operating on OPP information in the order of decreasing + frequency. + Example: To find the highest opp for a device: + freq = ULONG_MAX; + rcu_read_lock(); + dev_pm_opp_find_freq_floor(dev, &freq); + rcu_read_unlock(); + +dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil - Search for an available OPP which is *at least* the + provided frequency. This function is useful while searching for a + higher match OR operating on OPP information in the order of increasing + frequency. + Example 1: To find the lowest opp for a device: + freq = 0; + rcu_read_lock(); + dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil(dev, &freq); + rcu_read_unlock(); + Example 2: A simplified implementation of a SoC cpufreq_driver->target: + soc_cpufreq_target(..) + { + /* Do stuff like policy checks etc. */ + /* Find the best frequency match for the req */ + rcu_read_lock(); + opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil(dev, &freq); + rcu_read_unlock(); + if (!IS_ERR(opp)) + soc_switch_to_freq_voltage(freq); + else + /* do something when we can't satisfy the req */ + /* do other stuff */ + } + +4. OPP Availability Control Functions +===================================== +A default OPP list registered with the OPP library may not cater to all possible +situation. The OPP library provides a set of functions to modify the +availability of a OPP within the OPP list. This allows SoC frameworks to have +fine grained dynamic control of which sets of OPPs are operationally available. +These functions are intended to *temporarily* remove an OPP in conditions such +as thermal considerations (e.g. don't use OPPx until the temperature drops). + +WARNING: Do not use these functions in interrupt context. + +dev_pm_opp_enable - Make a OPP available for operation. + Example: Lets say that 1GHz OPP is to be made available only if the + SoC temperature is lower than a certain threshold. The SoC framework + implementation might choose to do something as follows: + if (cur_temp < temp_low_thresh) { + /* Enable 1GHz if it was disabled */ + rcu_read_lock(); + opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_exact(dev, 1000000000, false); + rcu_read_unlock(); + /* just error check */ + if (!IS_ERR(opp)) + ret = dev_pm_opp_enable(dev, 1000000000); + else + goto try_something_else; + } + +dev_pm_opp_disable - Make an OPP to be not available for operation + Example: Lets say that 1GHz OPP is to be disabled if the temperature + exceeds a threshold value. The SoC framework implementation might + choose to do something as follows: + if (cur_temp > temp_high_thresh) { + /* Disable 1GHz if it was enabled */ + rcu_read_lock(); + opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_exact(dev, 1000000000, true); + rcu_read_unlock(); + /* just error check */ + if (!IS_ERR(opp)) + ret = dev_pm_opp_disable(dev, 1000000000); + else + goto try_something_else; + } + +5. OPP Data Retrieval Functions +=============================== +Since OPP library abstracts away the OPP information, a set of functions to pull +information from the OPP structure is necessary. Once an OPP pointer is +retrieved using the search functions, the following functions can be used by SoC +framework to retrieve the information represented inside the OPP layer. + +dev_pm_opp_get_voltage - Retrieve the voltage represented by the opp pointer. + Example: At a cpufreq transition to a different frequency, SoC + framework requires to set the voltage represented by the OPP using + the regulator framework to the Power Management chip providing the + voltage. + soc_switch_to_freq_voltage(freq) + { + /* do things */ + rcu_read_lock(); + opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil(dev, &freq); + v = dev_pm_opp_get_voltage(opp); + rcu_read_unlock(); + if (v) + regulator_set_voltage(.., v); + /* do other things */ + } + +dev_pm_opp_get_freq - Retrieve the freq represented by the opp pointer. + Example: Lets say the SoC framework uses a couple of helper functions + we could pass opp pointers instead of doing additional parameters to + handle quiet a bit of data parameters. + soc_cpufreq_target(..) + { + /* do things.. */ + max_freq = ULONG_MAX; + rcu_read_lock(); + max_opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_floor(dev,&max_freq); + requested_opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil(dev,&freq); + if (!IS_ERR(max_opp) && !IS_ERR(requested_opp)) + r = soc_test_validity(max_opp, requested_opp); + rcu_read_unlock(); + /* do other things */ + } + soc_test_validity(..) + { + if(dev_pm_opp_get_voltage(max_opp) < dev_pm_opp_get_voltage(requested_opp)) + return -EINVAL; + if(dev_pm_opp_get_freq(max_opp) < dev_pm_opp_get_freq(requested_opp)) + return -EINVAL; + /* do things.. */ + } + +dev_pm_opp_get_opp_count - Retrieve the number of available opps for a device + Example: Lets say a co-processor in the SoC needs to know the available + frequencies in a table, the main processor can notify as following: + soc_notify_coproc_available_frequencies() + { + /* Do things */ + rcu_read_lock(); + num_available = dev_pm_opp_get_opp_count(dev); + speeds = kzalloc(sizeof(u32) * num_available, GFP_KERNEL); + /* populate the table in increasing order */ + freq = 0; + while (!IS_ERR(opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil(dev, &freq))) { + speeds[i] = freq; + freq++; + i++; + } + rcu_read_unlock(); + + soc_notify_coproc(AVAILABLE_FREQs, speeds, num_available); + /* Do other things */ + } + +6. Data Structures +================== +Typically an SoC contains multiple voltage domains which are variable. Each +domain is represented by a device pointer. The relationship to OPP can be +represented as follows: +SoC + |- device 1 + | |- opp 1 (availability, freq, voltage) + | |- opp 2 .. + ... ... + | `- opp n .. + |- device 2 + ... + `- device m + +OPP library maintains a internal list that the SoC framework populates and +accessed by various functions as described above. However, the structures +representing the actual OPPs and domains are internal to the OPP library itself +to allow for suitable abstraction reusable across systems. + +struct dev_pm_opp - The internal data structure of OPP library which is used to + represent an OPP. In addition to the freq, voltage, availability + information, it also contains internal book keeping information required + for the OPP library to operate on. Pointer to this structure is + provided back to the users such as SoC framework to be used as a + identifier for OPP in the interactions with OPP layer. + + WARNING: The struct dev_pm_opp pointer should not be parsed or modified by the + users. The defaults of for an instance is populated by dev_pm_opp_add, but the + availability of the OPP can be modified by dev_pm_opp_enable/disable functions. + +struct device - This is used to identify a domain to the OPP layer. The + nature of the device and it's implementation is left to the user of + OPP library such as the SoC framework. + +Overall, in a simplistic view, the data structure operations is represented as +following: + +Initialization / modification: + +-----+ /- dev_pm_opp_enable +dev_pm_opp_add --> | opp | <------- + | +-----+ \- dev_pm_opp_disable + \-------> domain_info(device) + +Search functions: + /-- dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil ---\ +-----+ +domain_info<---- dev_pm_opp_find_freq_exact -----> | opp | + \-- dev_pm_opp_find_freq_floor ---/ +-----+ + +Retrieval functions: ++-----+ /- dev_pm_opp_get_voltage +| opp | <--- ++-----+ \- dev_pm_opp_get_freq + +domain_info <- dev_pm_opp_get_opp_count |