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diff --git a/kernel/Documentation/men-chameleon-bus.txt b/kernel/Documentation/men-chameleon-bus.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..30ded7320 --- /dev/null +++ b/kernel/Documentation/men-chameleon-bus.txt @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ + MEN Chameleon Bus + ================= + +Table of Contents +================= +1 Introduction + 1.1 Scope of this Document + 1.2 Limitations of the current implementation +2 Architecture + 2.1 MEN Chameleon Bus + 2.2 Carrier Devices + 2.3 Parser +3 Resource handling + 3.1 Memory Resources + 3.2 IRQs +4 Writing an MCB driver + 4.1 The driver structure + 4.2 Probing and attaching + 4.3 Initializing the driver + + +1 Introduction +=============== + This document describes the architecture and implementation of the MEN + Chameleon Bus (called MCB throughout this document). + +1.1 Scope of this Document +--------------------------- + This document is intended to be a short overview of the current + implementation and does by no means describe the complete possibilities of MCB + based devices. + +1.2 Limitations of the current implementation +---------------------------------------------- + The current implementation is limited to PCI and PCIe based carrier devices + that only use a single memory resource and share the PCI legacy IRQ. Not + implemented are: + - Multi-resource MCB devices like the VME Controller or M-Module carrier. + - MCB devices that need another MCB device, like SRAM for a DMA Controller's + buffer descriptors or a video controller's video memory. + - A per-carrier IRQ domain for carrier devices that have one (or more) IRQs + per MCB device like PCIe based carriers with MSI or MSI-X support. + +2 Architecture +=============== + MCB is divided into 3 functional blocks: + - The MEN Chameleon Bus itself, + - drivers for MCB Carrier Devices and + - the parser for the Chameleon table. + +2.1 MEN Chameleon Bus +---------------------- + The MEN Chameleon Bus is an artificial bus system that attaches to a so + called Chameleon FPGA device found on some hardware produced my MEN Mikro + Elektronik GmbH. These devices are multi-function devices implemented in a + single FPGA and usually attached via some sort of PCI or PCIe link. Each + FPGA contains a header section describing the content of the FPGA. The + header lists the device id, PCI BAR, offset from the beginning of the PCI + BAR, size in the FPGA, interrupt number and some other properties currently + not handled by the MCB implementation. + +2.2 Carrier Devices +-------------------- + A carrier device is just an abstraction for the real world physical bus the + Chameleon FPGA is attached to. Some IP Core drivers may need to interact with + properties of the carrier device (like querying the IRQ number of a PCI + device). To provide abstraction from the real hardware bus, an MCB carrier + device provides callback methods to translate the driver's MCB function calls + to hardware related function calls. For example a carrier device may + implement the get_irq() method which can be translated into a hardware bus + query for the IRQ number the device should use. + +2.3 Parser +----------- + The parser reads the first 512 bytes of a Chameleon device and parses the + Chameleon table. Currently the parser only supports the Chameleon v2 variant + of the Chameleon table but can easily be adopted to support an older or + possible future variant. While parsing the table's entries new MCB devices + are allocated and their resources are assigned according to the resource + assignment in the Chameleon table. After resource assignment is finished, the + MCB devices are registered at the MCB and thus at the driver core of the + Linux kernel. + +3 Resource handling +==================== + The current implementation assigns exactly one memory and one IRQ resource + per MCB device. But this is likely going to change in the future. + +3.1 Memory Resources +--------------------- + Each MCB device has exactly one memory resource, which can be requested from + the MCB bus. This memory resource is the physical address of the MCB device + inside the carrier and is intended to be passed to ioremap() and friends. It + is already requested from the kernel by calling request_mem_region(). + +3.2 IRQs +--------- + Each MCB device has exactly one IRQ resource, which can be requested from the + MCB bus. If a carrier device driver implements the ->get_irq() callback + method, the IRQ number assigned by the carrier device will be returned, + otherwise the IRQ number inside the Chameleon table will be returned. This + number is suitable to be passed to request_irq(). + +4 Writing an MCB driver +======================= + +4.1 The driver structure +------------------------- + Each MCB driver has a structure to identify the device driver as well as + device ids which identify the IP Core inside the FPGA. The driver structure + also contains callback methods which get executed on driver probe and + removal from the system. + + + static const struct mcb_device_id foo_ids[] = { + { .device = 0x123 }, + { } + }; + MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(mcb, foo_ids); + + static struct mcb_driver foo_driver = { + driver = { + .name = "foo-bar", + .owner = THIS_MODULE, + }, + .probe = foo_probe, + .remove = foo_remove, + .id_table = foo_ids, + }; + +4.2 Probing and attaching +-------------------------- + When a driver is loaded and the MCB devices it services are found, the MCB + core will call the driver's probe callback method. When the driver is removed + from the system, the MCB core will call the driver's remove callback method. + + + static init foo_probe(struct mcb_device *mdev, const struct mcb_device_id *id); + static void foo_remove(struct mcb_device *mdev); + +4.3 Initializing the driver +---------------------------- + When the kernel is booted or your foo driver module is inserted, you have to + perform driver initialization. Usually it is enough to register your driver + module at the MCB core. + + + static int __init foo_init(void) + { + return mcb_register_driver(&foo_driver); + } + module_init(foo_init); + + static void __exit foo_exit(void) + { + mcb_unregister_driver(&foo_driver); + } + module_exit(foo_exit); + + The module_mcb_driver() macro can be used to reduce the above code. + + + module_mcb_driver(foo_driver); |