These changes are the raw update to qemu-2.6.

Collission happened in the following patches:

migration: do cleanup operation after completion(738df5b9)
Bug fix.(1750c932f86)
kvmclock: add a new function to update env->tsc.(b52baab2)

The code provided by the patches was already in the upstreamed
version.

Change-Id: I3cc11841a6a76ae20887b2e245710199e1ea7f9a
Signed-off-by: José Pekkarinen <jose.pekkarinen@nokia.com>

10 files changed, 166 insertions, 79 deletions

diff --git a/qemu/trace/Makefile.objs b/qemu/trace/Makefile.objs
index 32f7a32ce..5145b34d1 100644
--- a/qemu/trace/Makefile.objs
+++ b/qemu/trace/Makefile.objs
@@ -1,24 +1,32 @@
 # -*- mode: makefile -*-
 
 ######################################################################
+# tracetool source files
+# Every rule that invokes tracetool must depend on this so code is regenerated
+# if tracetool itself changes.
+
+tracetool-y = $(SRC_PATH)/scripts/tracetool.py
+tracetool-y += $(shell find $(SRC_PATH)/scripts/tracetool -name "*.py")
+
+######################################################################
 # Auto-generated event descriptions for LTTng ust code
 
 ifeq ($(findstring ust,$(TRACE_BACKENDS)),ust)
 $(obj)/generated-ust-provider.h: $(obj)/generated-ust-provider.h-timestamp
-$(obj)/generated-ust-provider.h-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events
+	@cmp $< $@ >/dev/null 2>&1 || cp $< $@
+$(obj)/generated-ust-provider.h-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(tracetool-y)
 	$(call quiet-command,$(TRACETOOL) \
 		--format=ust-events-h \
 		--backends=$(TRACE_BACKENDS) \
 		< $< > $@,"  GEN   $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)")
-	@cmp -s $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@) || cp $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)
 
 $(obj)/generated-ust.c: $(obj)/generated-ust.c-timestamp $(BUILD_DIR)/config-host.mak
-$(obj)/generated-ust.c-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events
+	@cmp $< $@ >/dev/null 2>&1 || cp $< $@
+$(obj)/generated-ust.c-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(tracetool-y)
 	$(call quiet-command,$(TRACETOOL) \
 		--format=ust-events-c \
 		--backends=$(TRACE_BACKENDS) \
 		< $< > $@,"  GEN   $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)")
-	@cmp -s $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@) || cp $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)
 
 $(obj)/generated-events.h: $(obj)/generated-ust-provider.h
 $(obj)/generated-events.c: $(obj)/generated-ust.c
@@ -28,20 +36,20 @@ endif
 # Auto-generated event descriptions
 
 $(obj)/generated-events.h: $(obj)/generated-events.h-timestamp
-$(obj)/generated-events.h-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events
+	@cmp $< $@ >/dev/null 2>&1 || cp $< $@
+$(obj)/generated-events.h-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(tracetool-y)
 	$(call quiet-command,$(TRACETOOL) \
 		--format=events-h \
 		--backends=$(TRACE_BACKENDS) \
 		< $< > $@,"  GEN   $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)")
-	@cmp -s $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@) || cp $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)
 
 $(obj)/generated-events.c: $(obj)/generated-events.c-timestamp $(BUILD_DIR)/config-host.mak
-$(obj)/generated-events.c-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events
+	@cmp $< $@ >/dev/null 2>&1 || cp $< $@
+$(obj)/generated-events.c-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(tracetool-y)
 	$(call quiet-command,$(TRACETOOL) \
 		--format=events-c \
 		--backends=$(TRACE_BACKENDS) \
 		< $< > $@,"  GEN   $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)")
-	@cmp -s $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@) || cp $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)
 
 util-obj-y += generated-events.o
 
@@ -54,7 +62,7 @@ util-obj-y += generated-events.o
 
 $(obj)/generated-tracers.h: $(obj)/generated-tracers.h-timestamp
 	@cmp -s $< $@ || cp $< $@
-$(obj)/generated-tracers.h-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(BUILD_DIR)/config-host.mak
+$(obj)/generated-tracers.h-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(BUILD_DIR)/config-host.mak $(tracetool-y)
 	$(call quiet-command,$(TRACETOOL) \
 		--format=h \
 		--backends=$(TRACE_BACKENDS) \
@@ -65,7 +73,7 @@ $(obj)/generated-tracers.h-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(BUILD_DIR)/conf
 
 $(obj)/generated-tracers.c: $(obj)/generated-tracers.c-timestamp
 	@cmp -s $< $@ || cp $< $@
-$(obj)/generated-tracers.c-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(BUILD_DIR)/config-host.mak
+$(obj)/generated-tracers.c-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(BUILD_DIR)/config-host.mak $(tracetool-y)
 	$(call quiet-command,$(TRACETOOL) \
 		--format=c \
 		--backends=$(TRACE_BACKENDS) \
@@ -81,12 +89,12 @@ $(obj)/generated-tracers.o: $(obj)/generated-tracers.c $(obj)/generated-tracers.
 # rule file. So we use '.dtrace' instead
 ifeq ($(findstring dtrace,$(TRACE_BACKENDS)),dtrace)
 $(obj)/generated-tracers-dtrace.dtrace: $(obj)/generated-tracers-dtrace.dtrace-timestamp
-$(obj)/generated-tracers-dtrace.dtrace-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(BUILD_DIR)/config-host.mak
+	@cmp $< $@ >/dev/null 2>&1 || cp $< $@
+$(obj)/generated-tracers-dtrace.dtrace-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(BUILD_DIR)/config-host.mak $(tracetool-y)
 	$(call quiet-command,$(TRACETOOL) \
 		--format=d \
 		--backends=$(TRACE_BACKENDS) \
 		< $< > $@,"  GEN   $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)")
-	@cmp -s $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@) || cp $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)
 
 $(obj)/generated-tracers-dtrace.h: $(obj)/generated-tracers-dtrace.dtrace
 	$(call quiet-command,dtrace -o $@ -h -s $<, "  GEN   $@")
@@ -100,28 +108,28 @@ endif
 # Translation level
 
 $(obj)/generated-helpers-wrappers.h: $(obj)/generated-helpers-wrappers.h-timestamp
-$(obj)/generated-helpers-wrappers.h-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(BUILD_DIR)/config-host.mak
+	@cmp $< $@ >/dev/null 2>&1 || cp $< $@
+$(obj)/generated-helpers-wrappers.h-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(BUILD_DIR)/config-host.mak $(tracetool-y)
 	$(call quiet-command,$(TRACETOOL) \
 		--format=tcg-helper-wrapper-h \
 		--backend=$(TRACE_BACKENDS) \
 		< $< > $@,"  GEN   $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)")
-	@cmp -s $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@) || cp $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)
 
 $(obj)/generated-helpers.h: $(obj)/generated-helpers.h-timestamp
-$(obj)/generated-helpers.h-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(BUILD_DIR)/config-host.mak
+	@cmp $< $@ >/dev/null 2>&1 || cp $< $@
+$(obj)/generated-helpers.h-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(BUILD_DIR)/config-host.mak $(tracetool-y)
 	$(call quiet-command,$(TRACETOOL) \
 		--format=tcg-helper-h \
 		--backend=$(TRACE_BACKENDS) \
 		< $< > $@,"  GEN   $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)")
-	@cmp -s $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@) || cp $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)
 
 $(obj)/generated-helpers.c: $(obj)/generated-helpers.c-timestamp
-$(obj)/generated-helpers.c-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(BUILD_DIR)/config-host.mak
+	@cmp $< $@ >/dev/null 2>&1 || cp $< $@
+$(obj)/generated-helpers.c-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(BUILD_DIR)/config-host.mak $(tracetool-y)
 	$(call quiet-command,$(TRACETOOL) \
 		--format=tcg-helper-c \
 		--backend=$(TRACE_BACKENDS) \
 		< $< > $@,"  GEN   $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)")
-	@cmp -s $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@) || cp $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)
 
 $(obj)/generated-helpers.o: $(obj)/generated-helpers.c
 
@@ -129,12 +137,12 @@ target-obj-y += generated-helpers.o
 
 
 $(obj)/generated-tcg-tracers.h: $(obj)/generated-tcg-tracers.h-timestamp
-$(obj)/generated-tcg-tracers.h-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(BUILD_DIR)/config-host.mak
+	@cmp $< $@ >/dev/null 2>&1 || cp $< $@
+$(obj)/generated-tcg-tracers.h-timestamp: $(SRC_PATH)/trace-events $(BUILD_DIR)/config-host.mak $(tracetool-y)
 	$(call quiet-command,$(TRACETOOL) \
 		--format=tcg-h \
 		--backend=$(TRACE_BACKENDS) \
 		< $< > $@,"  GEN   $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)")
-	@cmp -s $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@) || cp $@ $(patsubst %-timestamp,%,$@)
 
 
 ######################################################################
diff --git a/qemu/trace/control-internal.h b/qemu/trace/control-internal.h
index 5a8df28c5..dcf67f505 100644
--- a/qemu/trace/control-internal.h
+++ b/qemu/trace/control-internal.h
@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@
 #ifndef TRACE__CONTROL_INTERNAL_H
 #define TRACE__CONTROL_INTERNAL_H
 
-#include <string.h>
 
 
 extern TraceEvent trace_events[];
+extern bool trace_events_dstate[];
+extern int trace_events_enabled_count;
 
 
 static inline TraceEventID trace_event_count(void)
@@ -51,17 +52,24 @@ static inline bool trace_event_get_state_static(TraceEvent *ev)
     return ev->sstate;
 }
 
+static inline bool trace_event_get_state_dynamic_by_id(int id)
+{
+    return unlikely(trace_events_enabled_count) && trace_events_dstate[id];
+}
+
 static inline bool trace_event_get_state_dynamic(TraceEvent *ev)
 {
-    assert(ev != NULL);
-    return ev->dstate;
+    int id = trace_event_get_id(ev);
+    return trace_event_get_state_dynamic_by_id(id);
 }
 
 static inline void trace_event_set_state_dynamic(TraceEvent *ev, bool state)
 {
+    int id = trace_event_get_id(ev);
     assert(ev != NULL);
     assert(trace_event_get_state_static(ev));
-    ev->dstate = state;
+    trace_events_enabled_count += state - trace_events_dstate[id];
+    trace_events_dstate[id] = state;
 }
 
 #endif  /* TRACE__CONTROL_INTERNAL_H */
diff --git a/qemu/trace/control.c b/qemu/trace/control.c
index 995beb384..d099f735d 100644
--- a/qemu/trace/control.c
+++ b/qemu/trace/control.c
@@ -7,14 +7,23 @@
  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
  */
 
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "trace/control.h"
+#include "qemu/help_option.h"
 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_SIMPLE
 #include "trace/simple.h"
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_FTRACE
 #include "trace/ftrace.h"
 #endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_LOG
+#include "qemu/log.h"
+#endif
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "monitor/monitor.h"
+
+int trace_events_enabled_count;
+bool trace_events_dstate[TRACE_EVENT_COUNT];
 
 TraceEvent *trace_event_name(const char *name)
 {
@@ -85,7 +94,54 @@ TraceEvent *trace_event_pattern(const char *pat, TraceEvent *ev)
     return NULL;
 }
 
-static void trace_init_events(const char *fname)
+void trace_list_events(void)
+{
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < trace_event_count(); i++) {
+        TraceEvent *res = trace_event_id(i);
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", trace_event_get_name(res));
+    }
+}
+
+static void do_trace_enable_events(const char *line_buf)
+{
+    const bool enable = ('-' != line_buf[0]);
+    const char *line_ptr = enable ? line_buf : line_buf + 1;
+
+    if (trace_event_is_pattern(line_ptr)) {
+        TraceEvent *ev = NULL;
+        while ((ev = trace_event_pattern(line_ptr, ev)) != NULL) {
+            if (trace_event_get_state_static(ev)) {
+                trace_event_set_state_dynamic(ev, enable);
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        TraceEvent *ev = trace_event_name(line_ptr);
+        if (ev == NULL) {
+            error_report("WARNING: trace event '%s' does not exist",
+                         line_ptr);
+        } else if (!trace_event_get_state_static(ev)) {
+            error_report("WARNING: trace event '%s' is not traceable",
+                         line_ptr);
+        } else {
+            trace_event_set_state_dynamic(ev, enable);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void trace_enable_events(const char *line_buf)
+{
+    if (is_help_option(line_buf)) {
+        trace_list_events();
+        if (cur_mon == NULL) {
+            exit(0);
+        }
+    } else {
+        do_trace_enable_events(line_buf);
+    }
+}
+
+void trace_init_events(const char *fname)
 {
     Location loc;
     FILE *fp;
@@ -111,27 +167,7 @@ static void trace_init_events(const char *fname)
             if ('#' == line_buf[0]) { /* skip commented lines */
                 continue;
             }
-            const bool enable = ('-' != line_buf[0]);
-            char *line_ptr = enable ? line_buf : line_buf + 1;
-            if (trace_event_is_pattern(line_ptr)) {
-                TraceEvent *ev = NULL;
-                while ((ev = trace_event_pattern(line_ptr, ev)) != NULL) {
-                    if (trace_event_get_state_static(ev)) {
-                        trace_event_set_state_dynamic(ev, enable);
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                TraceEvent *ev = trace_event_name(line_ptr);
-                if (ev == NULL) {
-                    error_report("WARNING: trace event '%s' does not exist",
-                                 line_ptr);
-                } else if (!trace_event_get_state_static(ev)) {
-                    error_report("WARNING: trace event '%s' is not traceable",
-                                 line_ptr);
-                } else {
-                    trace_event_set_state_dynamic(ev, enable);
-                }
-            }
+            trace_enable_events(line_buf);
         }
     }
     if (fclose(fp) != 0) {
@@ -142,17 +178,31 @@ static void trace_init_events(const char *fname)
     loc_pop(&loc);
 }
 
-bool trace_init_backends(const char *events, const char *file)
+void trace_init_file(const char *file)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_SIMPLE
-    if (!st_init(file)) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "failed to initialize simple tracing backend.\n");
-        return false;
+    st_set_trace_file(file);
+#elif defined CONFIG_TRACE_LOG
+    /* If both the simple and the log backends are enabled, "-trace file"
+     * only applies to the simple backend; use "-D" for the log backend.
+     */
+    if (file) {
+        qemu_set_log_filename(file);
     }
 #else
     if (file) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: -trace file=...: "
                 "option not supported by the selected tracing backends\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+bool trace_init_backends(void)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_SIMPLE
+    if (!st_init()) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "failed to initialize simple tracing backend.\n");
         return false;
     }
 #endif
@@ -164,6 +214,5 @@ bool trace_init_backends(const char *events, const char *file)
     }
 #endif
 
-    trace_init_events(events);
     return true;
 }
diff --git a/qemu/trace/control.h b/qemu/trace/control.h
index da9bb6b77..e2ba6d4de 100644
--- a/qemu/trace/control.h
+++ b/qemu/trace/control.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * Interface for configuring and controlling the state of tracing events.
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2011-2014 Lluís Vilanova <vilanova@ac.upc.edu>
+ * Copyright (C) 2011-2016 Lluís Vilanova <vilanova@ac.upc.edu>
  *
  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ static const char * trace_event_get_name(TraceEvent *ev);
  * As a down side, you must always use an immediate #TraceEventID value.
  */
 #define trace_event_get_state(id)                       \
-    ((id ##_ENABLED) && trace_event_get_state_dynamic(trace_event_id(id)))
+    ((id ##_ENABLED) && trace_event_get_state_dynamic_by_id(id))
 
 /**
  * trace_event_get_state_static:
@@ -150,8 +150,6 @@ static void trace_event_set_state_dynamic(TraceEvent *ev, bool state);
 
 /**
  * trace_init_backends:
- * @events: Name of file with events to be enabled at startup; may be NULL.
- *          Corresponds to commandline option "-trace events=...".
  * @file:   Name of trace output file; may be NULL.
  *          Corresponds to commandline option "-trace file=...".
  *
@@ -159,7 +157,45 @@ static void trace_event_set_state_dynamic(TraceEvent *ev, bool state);
  *
  * Returns: Whether the backends could be successfully initialized.
  */
-bool trace_init_backends(const char *events, const char *file);
+bool trace_init_backends(void);
+
+/**
+ * trace_init_events:
+ * @events: Name of file with events to be enabled at startup; may be NULL.
+ *          Corresponds to commandline option "-trace events=...".
+ *
+ * Read the list of enabled tracing events.
+ *
+ * Returns: Whether the backends could be successfully initialized.
+ */
+void trace_init_events(const char *file);
+
+/**
+ * trace_init_file:
+ * @file:   Name of trace output file; may be NULL.
+ *          Corresponds to commandline option "-trace file=...".
+ *
+ * Record the name of the output file for the tracing backend.
+ * Exits if no selected backend does not support specifying the
+ * output file, and a non-NULL file was passed.
+ */
+void trace_init_file(const char *file);
+
+/**
+ * trace_list_events:
+ *
+ * List all available events.
+ */
+void trace_list_events(void);
+
+/**
+ * trace_enable_events:
+ * @line_buf: A string with a glob pattern of events to be enabled or,
+ *            if the string starts with '-', disabled.
+ *
+ * Enable or disable matching events.
+ */
+void trace_enable_events(const char *line_buf);
 
 
 #include "trace/control-internal.h"
diff --git a/qemu/trace/event-internal.h b/qemu/trace/event-internal.h
index b2310d9be..86f6a511b 100644
--- a/qemu/trace/event-internal.h
+++ b/qemu/trace/event-internal.h
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
  * @id: Unique event identifier.
  * @name: Event name.
  * @sstate: Static tracing state.
- * @dstate: Dynamic tracing state.
  *
  * Opaque generic description of a tracing event.
  */
@@ -26,7 +25,6 @@ typedef struct TraceEvent {
     TraceEventID id;
     const char * name;
     const bool sstate;
-    bool dstate;
 } TraceEvent;
 
 
diff --git a/qemu/trace/ftrace.c b/qemu/trace/ftrace.c
index a7ae371e6..e953922f5 100644
--- a/qemu/trace/ftrace.c
+++ b/qemu/trace/ftrace.c
@@ -9,10 +9,7 @@
  *
  */
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <limits.h>
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 #include "trace/control.h"
 
diff --git a/qemu/trace/ftrace.h b/qemu/trace/ftrace.h
index 863e052e9..92372e3ca 100644
--- a/qemu/trace/ftrace.h
+++ b/qemu/trace/ftrace.h
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #ifndef TRACE_FTRACE_H
 #define TRACE_FTRACE_H
 
-#include <stdbool.h>
 
 
 #define MAX_TRACE_STRLEN 512
diff --git a/qemu/trace/qmp.c b/qemu/trace/qmp.c
index 0b1948952..8aa2660aa 100644
--- a/qemu/trace/qmp.c
+++ b/qemu/trace/qmp.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
  */
 
-#include "qemu/typedefs.h"
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qmp-commands.h"
 #include "trace/control.h"
 
diff --git a/qemu/trace/simple.c b/qemu/trace/simple.c
index 11ad03093..3fdcc8226 100644
--- a/qemu/trace/simple.c
+++ b/qemu/trace/simple.c
@@ -8,12 +8,8 @@
  *
  */
 
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <time.h>
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #ifndef _WIN32
-#include <signal.h>
 #include <pthread.h>
 #endif
 #include "qemu/timer.h"
@@ -322,20 +318,20 @@ void st_set_trace_file_enabled(bool enable)
  * @file        The trace file name or NULL for the default name-<pid> set at
  *              config time
  */
-bool st_set_trace_file(const char *file)
+void st_set_trace_file(const char *file)
 {
     st_set_trace_file_enabled(false);
 
     g_free(trace_file_name);
 
     if (!file) {
-        trace_file_name = g_strdup_printf(CONFIG_TRACE_FILE, getpid());
+        /* Type cast needed for Windows where getpid() returns an int. */
+        trace_file_name = g_strdup_printf(CONFIG_TRACE_FILE, (pid_t)getpid());
     } else {
         trace_file_name = g_strdup_printf("%s", file);
     }
 
     st_set_trace_file_enabled(true);
-    return true;
 }
 
 void st_print_trace_file_status(FILE *stream, int (*stream_printf)(FILE *stream, const char *fmt, ...))
@@ -373,7 +369,7 @@ static GThread *trace_thread_create(GThreadFunc fn)
     return thread;
 }
 
-bool st_init(const char *file)
+bool st_init(void)
 {
     GThread *thread;
 
@@ -386,6 +382,5 @@ bool st_init(const char *file)
     }
 
     atexit(st_flush_trace_buffer);
-    st_set_trace_file(file);
     return true;
 }
diff --git a/qemu/trace/simple.h b/qemu/trace/simple.h
index 699799685..1e7de4557 100644
--- a/qemu/trace/simple.h
+++ b/qemu/trace/simple.h
@@ -11,17 +11,14 @@
 #ifndef TRACE_SIMPLE_H
 #define TRACE_SIMPLE_H
 
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
 
 #include "trace/generated-events.h"
 
 
 void st_print_trace_file_status(FILE *stream, fprintf_function stream_printf);
 void st_set_trace_file_enabled(bool enable);
-bool st_set_trace_file(const char *file);
-bool st_init(const char *file);
+void st_set_trace_file(const char *file);
+bool st_init(void);
 void st_flush_trace_buffer(void);
 
 typedef struct {