Adding qemu as a submodule of KVMFORNFV

This Patch includes the changes to add qemu as a submodule to
kvmfornfv repo and make use of the updated latest qemu for the
execution of all testcase
Change-Id: I1280af507a857675c7f81d30c95255635667bdd7
Signed-off-by:RajithaY<rajithax.yerrumsetty@intel.com>

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 2442 deletions

diff --git a/qemu/memory.c b/qemu/memory.c
deleted file mode 100644
index f76f85df9..000000000
--- a/qemu/memory.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2442 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Physical memory management
- *
- * Copyright 2011 Red Hat, Inc. and/or its affiliates
- *
- * Authors:
- *  Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
- * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
- *
- * Contributions after 2012-01-13 are licensed under the terms of the
- * GNU GPL, version 2 or (at your option) any later version.
- */
-
-#include "qemu/osdep.h"
-#include "qapi/error.h"
-#include "exec/memory.h"
-#include "exec/address-spaces.h"
-#include "exec/ioport.h"
-#include "qapi/visitor.h"
-#include "qemu/bitops.h"
-#include "qemu/error-report.h"
-#include "qom/object.h"
-#include "trace.h"
-
-#include "exec/memory-internal.h"
-#include "exec/ram_addr.h"
-#include "sysemu/kvm.h"
-#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
-
-//#define DEBUG_UNASSIGNED
-
-#define RAM_ADDR_INVALID (~(ram_addr_t)0)
-
-static unsigned memory_region_transaction_depth;
-static bool memory_region_update_pending;
-static bool ioeventfd_update_pending;
-static bool global_dirty_log = false;
-
-static QTAILQ_HEAD(memory_listeners, MemoryListener) memory_listeners
-    = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(memory_listeners);
-
-static QTAILQ_HEAD(, AddressSpace) address_spaces
-    = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(address_spaces);
-
-typedef struct AddrRange AddrRange;
-
-/*
- * Note that signed integers are needed for negative offsetting in aliases
- * (large MemoryRegion::alias_offset).
- */
-struct AddrRange {
-    Int128 start;
-    Int128 size;
-};
-
-static AddrRange addrrange_make(Int128 start, Int128 size)
-{
-    return (AddrRange) { start, size };
-}
-
-static bool addrrange_equal(AddrRange r1, AddrRange r2)
-{
-    return int128_eq(r1.start, r2.start) && int128_eq(r1.size, r2.size);
-}
-
-static Int128 addrrange_end(AddrRange r)
-{
-    return int128_add(r.start, r.size);
-}
-
-static AddrRange addrrange_shift(AddrRange range, Int128 delta)
-{
-    int128_addto(&range.start, delta);
-    return range;
-}
-
-static bool addrrange_contains(AddrRange range, Int128 addr)
-{
-    return int128_ge(addr, range.start)
-        && int128_lt(addr, addrrange_end(range));
-}
-
-static bool addrrange_intersects(AddrRange r1, AddrRange r2)
-{
-    return addrrange_contains(r1, r2.start)
-        || addrrange_contains(r2, r1.start);
-}
-
-static AddrRange addrrange_intersection(AddrRange r1, AddrRange r2)
-{
-    Int128 start = int128_max(r1.start, r2.start);
-    Int128 end = int128_min(addrrange_end(r1), addrrange_end(r2));
-    return addrrange_make(start, int128_sub(end, start));
-}
-
-enum ListenerDirection { Forward, Reverse };
-
-static bool memory_listener_match(MemoryListener *listener,
-                                  MemoryRegionSection *section)
-{
-    return !listener->address_space_filter
-        || listener->address_space_filter == section->address_space;
-}
-
-#define MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL_GLOBAL(_callback, _direction, _args...)    \
-    do {                                                                \
-        MemoryListener *_listener;                                      \
-                                                                        \
-        switch (_direction) {                                           \
-        case Forward:                                                   \
-            QTAILQ_FOREACH(_listener, &memory_listeners, link) {        \
-                if (_listener->_callback) {                             \
-                    _listener->_callback(_listener, ##_args);           \
-                }                                                       \
-            }                                                           \
-            break;                                                      \
-        case Reverse:                                                   \
-            QTAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(_listener, &memory_listeners,        \
-                                   memory_listeners, link) {            \
-                if (_listener->_callback) {                             \
-                    _listener->_callback(_listener, ##_args);           \
-                }                                                       \
-            }                                                           \
-            break;                                                      \
-        default:                                                        \
-            abort();                                                    \
-        }                                                               \
-    } while (0)
-
-#define MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(_callback, _direction, _section, _args...) \
-    do {                                                                \
-        MemoryListener *_listener;                                      \
-                                                                        \
-        switch (_direction) {                                           \
-        case Forward:                                                   \
-            QTAILQ_FOREACH(_listener, &memory_listeners, link) {        \
-                if (_listener->_callback                                \
-                    && memory_listener_match(_listener, _section)) {    \
-                    _listener->_callback(_listener, _section, ##_args); \
-                }                                                       \
-            }                                                           \
-            break;                                                      \
-        case Reverse:                                                   \
-            QTAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(_listener, &memory_listeners,        \
-                                   memory_listeners, link) {            \
-                if (_listener->_callback                                \
-                    && memory_listener_match(_listener, _section)) {    \
-                    _listener->_callback(_listener, _section, ##_args); \
-                }                                                       \
-            }                                                           \
-            break;                                                      \
-        default:                                                        \
-            abort();                                                    \
-        }                                                               \
-    } while (0)
-
-/* No need to ref/unref .mr, the FlatRange keeps it alive.  */
-#define MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(fr, as, dir, callback, _args...)  \
-    MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(callback, dir, (&(MemoryRegionSection) {       \
-        .mr = (fr)->mr,                                                 \
-        .address_space = (as),                                          \
-        .offset_within_region = (fr)->offset_in_region,                 \
-        .size = (fr)->addr.size,                                        \
-        .offset_within_address_space = int128_get64((fr)->addr.start),  \
-        .readonly = (fr)->readonly,                                     \
-              }), ##_args)
-
-struct CoalescedMemoryRange {
-    AddrRange addr;
-    QTAILQ_ENTRY(CoalescedMemoryRange) link;
-};
-
-struct MemoryRegionIoeventfd {
-    AddrRange addr;
-    bool match_data;
-    uint64_t data;
-    EventNotifier *e;
-};
-
-static bool memory_region_ioeventfd_before(MemoryRegionIoeventfd a,
-                                           MemoryRegionIoeventfd b)
-{
-    if (int128_lt(a.addr.start, b.addr.start)) {
-        return true;
-    } else if (int128_gt(a.addr.start, b.addr.start)) {
-        return false;
-    } else if (int128_lt(a.addr.size, b.addr.size)) {
-        return true;
-    } else if (int128_gt(a.addr.size, b.addr.size)) {
-        return false;
-    } else if (a.match_data < b.match_data) {
-        return true;
-    } else  if (a.match_data > b.match_data) {
-        return false;
-    } else if (a.match_data) {
-        if (a.data < b.data) {
-            return true;
-        } else if (a.data > b.data) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    if (a.e < b.e) {
-        return true;
-    } else if (a.e > b.e) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-static bool memory_region_ioeventfd_equal(MemoryRegionIoeventfd a,
-                                          MemoryRegionIoeventfd b)
-{
-    return !memory_region_ioeventfd_before(a, b)
-        && !memory_region_ioeventfd_before(b, a);
-}
-
-typedef struct FlatRange FlatRange;
-typedef struct FlatView FlatView;
-
-/* Range of memory in the global map.  Addresses are absolute. */
-struct FlatRange {
-    MemoryRegion *mr;
-    hwaddr offset_in_region;
-    AddrRange addr;
-    uint8_t dirty_log_mask;
-    bool romd_mode;
-    bool readonly;
-};
-
-/* Flattened global view of current active memory hierarchy.  Kept in sorted
- * order.
- */
-struct FlatView {
-    struct rcu_head rcu;
-    unsigned ref;
-    FlatRange *ranges;
-    unsigned nr;
-    unsigned nr_allocated;
-};
-
-typedef struct AddressSpaceOps AddressSpaceOps;
-
-#define FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(var, view)          \
-    for (var = (view)->ranges; var < (view)->ranges + (view)->nr; ++var)
-
-static bool flatrange_equal(FlatRange *a, FlatRange *b)
-{
-    return a->mr == b->mr
-        && addrrange_equal(a->addr, b->addr)
-        && a->offset_in_region == b->offset_in_region
-        && a->romd_mode == b->romd_mode
-        && a->readonly == b->readonly;
-}
-
-static void flatview_init(FlatView *view)
-{
-    view->ref = 1;
-    view->ranges = NULL;
-    view->nr = 0;
-    view->nr_allocated = 0;
-}
-
-/* Insert a range into a given position.  Caller is responsible for maintaining
- * sorting order.
- */
-static void flatview_insert(FlatView *view, unsigned pos, FlatRange *range)
-{
-    if (view->nr == view->nr_allocated) {
-        view->nr_allocated = MAX(2 * view->nr, 10);
-        view->ranges = g_realloc(view->ranges,
-                                    view->nr_allocated * sizeof(*view->ranges));
-    }
-    memmove(view->ranges + pos + 1, view->ranges + pos,
-            (view->nr - pos) * sizeof(FlatRange));
-    view->ranges[pos] = *range;
-    memory_region_ref(range->mr);
-    ++view->nr;
-}
-
-static void flatview_destroy(FlatView *view)
-{
-    int i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < view->nr; i++) {
-        memory_region_unref(view->ranges[i].mr);
-    }
-    g_free(view->ranges);
-    g_free(view);
-}
-
-static void flatview_ref(FlatView *view)
-{
-    atomic_inc(&view->ref);
-}
-
-static void flatview_unref(FlatView *view)
-{
-    if (atomic_fetch_dec(&view->ref) == 1) {
-        flatview_destroy(view);
-    }
-}
-
-static bool can_merge(FlatRange *r1, FlatRange *r2)
-{
-    return int128_eq(addrrange_end(r1->addr), r2->addr.start)
-        && r1->mr == r2->mr
-        && int128_eq(int128_add(int128_make64(r1->offset_in_region),
-                                r1->addr.size),
-                     int128_make64(r2->offset_in_region))
-        && r1->dirty_log_mask == r2->dirty_log_mask
-        && r1->romd_mode == r2->romd_mode
-        && r1->readonly == r2->readonly;
-}
-
-/* Attempt to simplify a view by merging adjacent ranges */
-static void flatview_simplify(FlatView *view)
-{
-    unsigned i, j;
-
-    i = 0;
-    while (i < view->nr) {
-        j = i + 1;
-        while (j < view->nr
-               && can_merge(&view->ranges[j-1], &view->ranges[j])) {
-            int128_addto(&view->ranges[i].addr.size, view->ranges[j].addr.size);
-            ++j;
-        }
-        ++i;
-        memmove(&view->ranges[i], &view->ranges[j],
-                (view->nr - j) * sizeof(view->ranges[j]));
-        view->nr -= j - i;
-    }
-}
-
-static bool memory_region_big_endian(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-#ifdef TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
-    return mr->ops->endianness != DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
-#else
-    return mr->ops->endianness == DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN;
-#endif
-}
-
-static bool memory_region_wrong_endianness(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-#ifdef TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
-    return mr->ops->endianness == DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
-#else
-    return mr->ops->endianness == DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN;
-#endif
-}
-
-static void adjust_endianness(MemoryRegion *mr, uint64_t *data, unsigned size)
-{
-    if (memory_region_wrong_endianness(mr)) {
-        switch (size) {
-        case 1:
-            break;
-        case 2:
-            *data = bswap16(*data);
-            break;
-        case 4:
-            *data = bswap32(*data);
-            break;
-        case 8:
-            *data = bswap64(*data);
-            break;
-        default:
-            abort();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static hwaddr memory_region_to_absolute_addr(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr offset)
-{
-    MemoryRegion *root;
-    hwaddr abs_addr = offset;
-
-    abs_addr += mr->addr;
-    for (root = mr; root->container; ) {
-        root = root->container;
-        abs_addr += root->addr;
-    }
-
-    return abs_addr;
-}
-
-static int get_cpu_index(void)
-{
-    if (current_cpu) {
-        return current_cpu->cpu_index;
-    }
-    return -1;
-}
-
-static MemTxResult memory_region_oldmmio_read_accessor(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                                       hwaddr addr,
-                                                       uint64_t *value,
-                                                       unsigned size,
-                                                       unsigned shift,
-                                                       uint64_t mask,
-                                                       MemTxAttrs attrs)
-{
-    uint64_t tmp;
-
-    tmp = mr->ops->old_mmio.read[ctz32(size)](mr->opaque, addr);
-    if (mr->subpage) {
-        trace_memory_region_subpage_read(get_cpu_index(), mr, addr, tmp, size);
-    } else if (mr == &io_mem_notdirty) {
-        /* Accesses to code which has previously been translated into a TB show
-         * up in the MMIO path, as accesses to the io_mem_notdirty
-         * MemoryRegion. */
-        trace_memory_region_tb_read(get_cpu_index(), addr, tmp, size);
-    } else if (TRACE_MEMORY_REGION_OPS_READ_ENABLED) {
-        hwaddr abs_addr = memory_region_to_absolute_addr(mr, addr);
-        trace_memory_region_ops_read(get_cpu_index(), mr, abs_addr, tmp, size);
-    }
-    *value |= (tmp & mask) << shift;
-    return MEMTX_OK;
-}
-
-static MemTxResult  memory_region_read_accessor(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                                hwaddr addr,
-                                                uint64_t *value,
-                                                unsigned size,
-                                                unsigned shift,
-                                                uint64_t mask,
-                                                MemTxAttrs attrs)
-{
-    uint64_t tmp;
-
-    tmp = mr->ops->read(mr->opaque, addr, size);
-    if (mr->subpage) {
-        trace_memory_region_subpage_read(get_cpu_index(), mr, addr, tmp, size);
-    } else if (mr == &io_mem_notdirty) {
-        /* Accesses to code which has previously been translated into a TB show
-         * up in the MMIO path, as accesses to the io_mem_notdirty
-         * MemoryRegion. */
-        trace_memory_region_tb_read(get_cpu_index(), addr, tmp, size);
-    } else if (TRACE_MEMORY_REGION_OPS_READ_ENABLED) {
-        hwaddr abs_addr = memory_region_to_absolute_addr(mr, addr);
-        trace_memory_region_ops_read(get_cpu_index(), mr, abs_addr, tmp, size);
-    }
-    *value |= (tmp & mask) << shift;
-    return MEMTX_OK;
-}
-
-static MemTxResult memory_region_read_with_attrs_accessor(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                                          hwaddr addr,
-                                                          uint64_t *value,
-                                                          unsigned size,
-                                                          unsigned shift,
-                                                          uint64_t mask,
-                                                          MemTxAttrs attrs)
-{
-    uint64_t tmp = 0;
-    MemTxResult r;
-
-    r = mr->ops->read_with_attrs(mr->opaque, addr, &tmp, size, attrs);
-    if (mr->subpage) {
-        trace_memory_region_subpage_read(get_cpu_index(), mr, addr, tmp, size);
-    } else if (mr == &io_mem_notdirty) {
-        /* Accesses to code which has previously been translated into a TB show
-         * up in the MMIO path, as accesses to the io_mem_notdirty
-         * MemoryRegion. */
-        trace_memory_region_tb_read(get_cpu_index(), addr, tmp, size);
-    } else if (TRACE_MEMORY_REGION_OPS_READ_ENABLED) {
-        hwaddr abs_addr = memory_region_to_absolute_addr(mr, addr);
-        trace_memory_region_ops_read(get_cpu_index(), mr, abs_addr, tmp, size);
-    }
-    *value |= (tmp & mask) << shift;
-    return r;
-}
-
-static MemTxResult memory_region_oldmmio_write_accessor(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                                        hwaddr addr,
-                                                        uint64_t *value,
-                                                        unsigned size,
-                                                        unsigned shift,
-                                                        uint64_t mask,
-                                                        MemTxAttrs attrs)
-{
-    uint64_t tmp;
-
-    tmp = (*value >> shift) & mask;
-    if (mr->subpage) {
-        trace_memory_region_subpage_write(get_cpu_index(), mr, addr, tmp, size);
-    } else if (mr == &io_mem_notdirty) {
-        /* Accesses to code which has previously been translated into a TB show
-         * up in the MMIO path, as accesses to the io_mem_notdirty
-         * MemoryRegion. */
-        trace_memory_region_tb_write(get_cpu_index(), addr, tmp, size);
-    } else if (TRACE_MEMORY_REGION_OPS_WRITE_ENABLED) {
-        hwaddr abs_addr = memory_region_to_absolute_addr(mr, addr);
-        trace_memory_region_ops_write(get_cpu_index(), mr, abs_addr, tmp, size);
-    }
-    mr->ops->old_mmio.write[ctz32(size)](mr->opaque, addr, tmp);
-    return MEMTX_OK;
-}
-
-static MemTxResult memory_region_write_accessor(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                                hwaddr addr,
-                                                uint64_t *value,
-                                                unsigned size,
-                                                unsigned shift,
-                                                uint64_t mask,
-                                                MemTxAttrs attrs)
-{
-    uint64_t tmp;
-
-    tmp = (*value >> shift) & mask;
-    if (mr->subpage) {
-        trace_memory_region_subpage_write(get_cpu_index(), mr, addr, tmp, size);
-    } else if (mr == &io_mem_notdirty) {
-        /* Accesses to code which has previously been translated into a TB show
-         * up in the MMIO path, as accesses to the io_mem_notdirty
-         * MemoryRegion. */
-        trace_memory_region_tb_write(get_cpu_index(), addr, tmp, size);
-    } else if (TRACE_MEMORY_REGION_OPS_WRITE_ENABLED) {
-        hwaddr abs_addr = memory_region_to_absolute_addr(mr, addr);
-        trace_memory_region_ops_write(get_cpu_index(), mr, abs_addr, tmp, size);
-    }
-    mr->ops->write(mr->opaque, addr, tmp, size);
-    return MEMTX_OK;
-}
-
-static MemTxResult memory_region_write_with_attrs_accessor(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                                           hwaddr addr,
-                                                           uint64_t *value,
-                                                           unsigned size,
-                                                           unsigned shift,
-                                                           uint64_t mask,
-                                                           MemTxAttrs attrs)
-{
-    uint64_t tmp;
-
-    tmp = (*value >> shift) & mask;
-    if (mr->subpage) {
-        trace_memory_region_subpage_write(get_cpu_index(), mr, addr, tmp, size);
-    } else if (mr == &io_mem_notdirty) {
-        /* Accesses to code which has previously been translated into a TB show
-         * up in the MMIO path, as accesses to the io_mem_notdirty
-         * MemoryRegion. */
-        trace_memory_region_tb_write(get_cpu_index(), addr, tmp, size);
-    } else if (TRACE_MEMORY_REGION_OPS_WRITE_ENABLED) {
-        hwaddr abs_addr = memory_region_to_absolute_addr(mr, addr);
-        trace_memory_region_ops_write(get_cpu_index(), mr, abs_addr, tmp, size);
-    }
-    return mr->ops->write_with_attrs(mr->opaque, addr, tmp, size, attrs);
-}
-
-static MemTxResult access_with_adjusted_size(hwaddr addr,
-                                      uint64_t *value,
-                                      unsigned size,
-                                      unsigned access_size_min,
-                                      unsigned access_size_max,
-                                      MemTxResult (*access)(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                                            hwaddr addr,
-                                                            uint64_t *value,
-                                                            unsigned size,
-                                                            unsigned shift,
-                                                            uint64_t mask,
-                                                            MemTxAttrs attrs),
-                                      MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                      MemTxAttrs attrs)
-{
-    uint64_t access_mask;
-    unsigned access_size;
-    unsigned i;
-    MemTxResult r = MEMTX_OK;
-
-    if (!access_size_min) {
-        access_size_min = 1;
-    }
-    if (!access_size_max) {
-        access_size_max = 4;
-    }
-
-    /* FIXME: support unaligned access? */
-    access_size = MAX(MIN(size, access_size_max), access_size_min);
-    access_mask = -1ULL >> (64 - access_size * 8);
-    if (memory_region_big_endian(mr)) {
-        for (i = 0; i < size; i += access_size) {
-            r |= access(mr, addr + i, value, access_size,
-                        (size - access_size - i) * 8, access_mask, attrs);
-        }
-    } else {
-        for (i = 0; i < size; i += access_size) {
-            r |= access(mr, addr + i, value, access_size, i * 8,
-                        access_mask, attrs);
-        }
-    }
-    return r;
-}
-
-static AddressSpace *memory_region_to_address_space(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    AddressSpace *as;
-
-    while (mr->container) {
-        mr = mr->container;
-    }
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) {
-        if (mr == as->root) {
-            return as;
-        }
-    }
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-/* Render a memory region into the global view.  Ranges in @view obscure
- * ranges in @mr.
- */
-static void render_memory_region(FlatView *view,
-                                 MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                 Int128 base,
-                                 AddrRange clip,
-                                 bool readonly)
-{
-    MemoryRegion *subregion;
-    unsigned i;
-    hwaddr offset_in_region;
-    Int128 remain;
-    Int128 now;
-    FlatRange fr;
-    AddrRange tmp;
-
-    if (!mr->enabled) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    int128_addto(&base, int128_make64(mr->addr));
-    readonly |= mr->readonly;
-
-    tmp = addrrange_make(base, mr->size);
-
-    if (!addrrange_intersects(tmp, clip)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    clip = addrrange_intersection(tmp, clip);
-
-    if (mr->alias) {
-        int128_subfrom(&base, int128_make64(mr->alias->addr));
-        int128_subfrom(&base, int128_make64(mr->alias_offset));
-        render_memory_region(view, mr->alias, base, clip, readonly);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* Render subregions in priority order. */
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH(subregion, &mr->subregions, subregions_link) {
-        render_memory_region(view, subregion, base, clip, readonly);
-    }
-
-    if (!mr->terminates) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    offset_in_region = int128_get64(int128_sub(clip.start, base));
-    base = clip.start;
-    remain = clip.size;
-
-    fr.mr = mr;
-    fr.dirty_log_mask = memory_region_get_dirty_log_mask(mr);
-    fr.romd_mode = mr->romd_mode;
-    fr.readonly = readonly;
-
-    /* Render the region itself into any gaps left by the current view. */
-    for (i = 0; i < view->nr && int128_nz(remain); ++i) {
-        if (int128_ge(base, addrrange_end(view->ranges[i].addr))) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (int128_lt(base, view->ranges[i].addr.start)) {
-            now = int128_min(remain,
-                             int128_sub(view->ranges[i].addr.start, base));
-            fr.offset_in_region = offset_in_region;
-            fr.addr = addrrange_make(base, now);
-            flatview_insert(view, i, &fr);
-            ++i;
-            int128_addto(&base, now);
-            offset_in_region += int128_get64(now);
-            int128_subfrom(&remain, now);
-        }
-        now = int128_sub(int128_min(int128_add(base, remain),
-                                    addrrange_end(view->ranges[i].addr)),
-                         base);
-        int128_addto(&base, now);
-        offset_in_region += int128_get64(now);
-        int128_subfrom(&remain, now);
-    }
-    if (int128_nz(remain)) {
-        fr.offset_in_region = offset_in_region;
-        fr.addr = addrrange_make(base, remain);
-        flatview_insert(view, i, &fr);
-    }
-}
-
-/* Render a memory topology into a list of disjoint absolute ranges. */
-static FlatView *generate_memory_topology(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    FlatView *view;
-
-    view = g_new(FlatView, 1);
-    flatview_init(view);
-
-    if (mr) {
-        render_memory_region(view, mr, int128_zero(),
-                             addrrange_make(int128_zero(), int128_2_64()), false);
-    }
-    flatview_simplify(view);
-
-    return view;
-}
-
-static void address_space_add_del_ioeventfds(AddressSpace *as,
-                                             MemoryRegionIoeventfd *fds_new,
-                                             unsigned fds_new_nb,
-                                             MemoryRegionIoeventfd *fds_old,
-                                             unsigned fds_old_nb)
-{
-    unsigned iold, inew;
-    MemoryRegionIoeventfd *fd;
-    MemoryRegionSection section;
-
-    /* Generate a symmetric difference of the old and new fd sets, adding
-     * and deleting as necessary.
-     */
-
-    iold = inew = 0;
-    while (iold < fds_old_nb || inew < fds_new_nb) {
-        if (iold < fds_old_nb
-            && (inew == fds_new_nb
-                || memory_region_ioeventfd_before(fds_old[iold],
-                                                  fds_new[inew]))) {
-            fd = &fds_old[iold];
-            section = (MemoryRegionSection) {
-                .address_space = as,
-                .offset_within_address_space = int128_get64(fd->addr.start),
-                .size = fd->addr.size,
-            };
-            MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(eventfd_del, Forward, &section,
-                                 fd->match_data, fd->data, fd->e);
-            ++iold;
-        } else if (inew < fds_new_nb
-                   && (iold == fds_old_nb
-                       || memory_region_ioeventfd_before(fds_new[inew],
-                                                         fds_old[iold]))) {
-            fd = &fds_new[inew];
-            section = (MemoryRegionSection) {
-                .address_space = as,
-                .offset_within_address_space = int128_get64(fd->addr.start),
-                .size = fd->addr.size,
-            };
-            MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(eventfd_add, Reverse, &section,
-                                 fd->match_data, fd->data, fd->e);
-            ++inew;
-        } else {
-            ++iold;
-            ++inew;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static FlatView *address_space_get_flatview(AddressSpace *as)
-{
-    FlatView *view;
-
-    rcu_read_lock();
-    view = atomic_rcu_read(&as->current_map);
-    flatview_ref(view);
-    rcu_read_unlock();
-    return view;
-}
-
-static void address_space_update_ioeventfds(AddressSpace *as)
-{
-    FlatView *view;
-    FlatRange *fr;
-    unsigned ioeventfd_nb = 0;
-    MemoryRegionIoeventfd *ioeventfds = NULL;
-    AddrRange tmp;
-    unsigned i;
-
-    view = address_space_get_flatview(as);
-    FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, view) {
-        for (i = 0; i < fr->mr->ioeventfd_nb; ++i) {
-            tmp = addrrange_shift(fr->mr->ioeventfds[i].addr,
-                                  int128_sub(fr->addr.start,
-                                             int128_make64(fr->offset_in_region)));
-            if (addrrange_intersects(fr->addr, tmp)) {
-                ++ioeventfd_nb;
-                ioeventfds = g_realloc(ioeventfds,
-                                          ioeventfd_nb * sizeof(*ioeventfds));
-                ioeventfds[ioeventfd_nb-1] = fr->mr->ioeventfds[i];
-                ioeventfds[ioeventfd_nb-1].addr = tmp;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    address_space_add_del_ioeventfds(as, ioeventfds, ioeventfd_nb,
-                                     as->ioeventfds, as->ioeventfd_nb);
-
-    g_free(as->ioeventfds);
-    as->ioeventfds = ioeventfds;
-    as->ioeventfd_nb = ioeventfd_nb;
-    flatview_unref(view);
-}
-
-static void address_space_update_topology_pass(AddressSpace *as,
-                                               const FlatView *old_view,
-                                               const FlatView *new_view,
-                                               bool adding)
-{
-    unsigned iold, inew;
-    FlatRange *frold, *frnew;
-
-    /* Generate a symmetric difference of the old and new memory maps.
-     * Kill ranges in the old map, and instantiate ranges in the new map.
-     */
-    iold = inew = 0;
-    while (iold < old_view->nr || inew < new_view->nr) {
-        if (iold < old_view->nr) {
-            frold = &old_view->ranges[iold];
-        } else {
-            frold = NULL;
-        }
-        if (inew < new_view->nr) {
-            frnew = &new_view->ranges[inew];
-        } else {
-            frnew = NULL;
-        }
-
-        if (frold
-            && (!frnew
-                || int128_lt(frold->addr.start, frnew->addr.start)
-                || (int128_eq(frold->addr.start, frnew->addr.start)
-                    && !flatrange_equal(frold, frnew)))) {
-            /* In old but not in new, or in both but attributes changed. */
-
-            if (!adding) {
-                MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(frold, as, Reverse, region_del);
-            }
-
-            ++iold;
-        } else if (frold && frnew && flatrange_equal(frold, frnew)) {
-            /* In both and unchanged (except logging may have changed) */
-
-            if (adding) {
-                MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(frnew, as, Forward, region_nop);
-                if (frnew->dirty_log_mask & ~frold->dirty_log_mask) {
-                    MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(frnew, as, Forward, log_start,
-                                                  frold->dirty_log_mask,
-                                                  frnew->dirty_log_mask);
-                }
-                if (frold->dirty_log_mask & ~frnew->dirty_log_mask) {
-                    MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(frnew, as, Reverse, log_stop,
-                                                  frold->dirty_log_mask,
-                                                  frnew->dirty_log_mask);
-                }
-            }
-
-            ++iold;
-            ++inew;
-        } else {
-            /* In new */
-
-            if (adding) {
-                MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(frnew, as, Forward, region_add);
-            }
-
-            ++inew;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-
-static void address_space_update_topology(AddressSpace *as)
-{
-    FlatView *old_view = address_space_get_flatview(as);
-    FlatView *new_view = generate_memory_topology(as->root);
-
-    address_space_update_topology_pass(as, old_view, new_view, false);
-    address_space_update_topology_pass(as, old_view, new_view, true);
-
-    /* Writes are protected by the BQL.  */
-    atomic_rcu_set(&as->current_map, new_view);
-    call_rcu(old_view, flatview_unref, rcu);
-
-    /* Note that all the old MemoryRegions are still alive up to this
-     * point.  This relieves most MemoryListeners from the need to
-     * ref/unref the MemoryRegions they get---unless they use them
-     * outside the iothread mutex, in which case precise reference
-     * counting is necessary.
-     */
-    flatview_unref(old_view);
-
-    address_space_update_ioeventfds(as);
-}
-
-void memory_region_transaction_begin(void)
-{
-    qemu_flush_coalesced_mmio_buffer();
-    ++memory_region_transaction_depth;
-}
-
-static void memory_region_clear_pending(void)
-{
-    memory_region_update_pending = false;
-    ioeventfd_update_pending = false;
-}
-
-void memory_region_transaction_commit(void)
-{
-    AddressSpace *as;
-
-    assert(memory_region_transaction_depth);
-    --memory_region_transaction_depth;
-    if (!memory_region_transaction_depth) {
-        if (memory_region_update_pending) {
-            MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL_GLOBAL(begin, Forward);
-
-            QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) {
-                address_space_update_topology(as);
-            }
-
-            MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL_GLOBAL(commit, Forward);
-        } else if (ioeventfd_update_pending) {
-            QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) {
-                address_space_update_ioeventfds(as);
-            }
-        }
-        memory_region_clear_pending();
-   }
-}
-
-static void memory_region_destructor_none(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-}
-
-static void memory_region_destructor_ram(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    qemu_ram_free(mr->ram_block);
-}
-
-static void memory_region_destructor_rom_device(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    qemu_ram_free(mr->ram_block);
-}
-
-static bool memory_region_need_escape(char c)
-{
-    return c == '/' || c == '[' || c == '\\' || c == ']';
-}
-
-static char *memory_region_escape_name(const char *name)
-{
-    const char *p;
-    char *escaped, *q;
-    uint8_t c;
-    size_t bytes = 0;
-
-    for (p = name; *p; p++) {
-        bytes += memory_region_need_escape(*p) ? 4 : 1;
-    }
-    if (bytes == p - name) {
-       return g_memdup(name, bytes + 1);
-    }
-
-    escaped = g_malloc(bytes + 1);
-    for (p = name, q = escaped; *p; p++) {
-        c = *p;
-        if (unlikely(memory_region_need_escape(c))) {
-            *q++ = '\\';
-            *q++ = 'x';
-            *q++ = "0123456789abcdef"[c >> 4];
-            c = "0123456789abcdef"[c & 15];
-        }
-        *q++ = c;
-    }
-    *q = 0;
-    return escaped;
-}
-
-void memory_region_init(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                        Object *owner,
-                        const char *name,
-                        uint64_t size)
-{
-    object_initialize(mr, sizeof(*mr), TYPE_MEMORY_REGION);
-    mr->size = int128_make64(size);
-    if (size == UINT64_MAX) {
-        mr->size = int128_2_64();
-    }
-    mr->name = g_strdup(name);
-    mr->owner = owner;
-    mr->ram_block = NULL;
-
-    if (name) {
-        char *escaped_name = memory_region_escape_name(name);
-        char *name_array = g_strdup_printf("%s[*]", escaped_name);
-
-        if (!owner) {
-            owner = container_get(qdev_get_machine(), "/unattached");
-        }
-
-        object_property_add_child(owner, name_array, OBJECT(mr), &error_abort);
-        object_unref(OBJECT(mr));
-        g_free(name_array);
-        g_free(escaped_name);
-    }
-}
-
-static void memory_region_get_addr(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
-                                   void *opaque, Error **errp)
-{
-    MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj);
-    uint64_t value = mr->addr;
-
-    visit_type_uint64(v, name, &value, errp);
-}
-
-static void memory_region_get_container(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
-                                        const char *name, void *opaque,
-                                        Error **errp)
-{
-    MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj);
-    gchar *path = (gchar *)"";
-
-    if (mr->container) {
-        path = object_get_canonical_path(OBJECT(mr->container));
-    }
-    visit_type_str(v, name, &path, errp);
-    if (mr->container) {
-        g_free(path);
-    }
-}
-
-static Object *memory_region_resolve_container(Object *obj, void *opaque,
-                                               const char *part)
-{
-    MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj);
-
-    return OBJECT(mr->container);
-}
-
-static void memory_region_get_priority(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
-                                       const char *name, void *opaque,
-                                       Error **errp)
-{
-    MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj);
-    int32_t value = mr->priority;
-
-    visit_type_int32(v, name, &value, errp);
-}
-
-static bool memory_region_get_may_overlap(Object *obj, Error **errp)
-{
-    MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj);
-
-    return mr->may_overlap;
-}
-
-static void memory_region_get_size(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
-                                   void *opaque, Error **errp)
-{
-    MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj);
-    uint64_t value = memory_region_size(mr);
-
-    visit_type_uint64(v, name, &value, errp);
-}
-
-static void memory_region_initfn(Object *obj)
-{
-    MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj);
-    ObjectProperty *op;
-
-    mr->ops = &unassigned_mem_ops;
-    mr->enabled = true;
-    mr->romd_mode = true;
-    mr->global_locking = true;
-    mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_none;
-    QTAILQ_INIT(&mr->subregions);
-    QTAILQ_INIT(&mr->coalesced);
-
-    op = object_property_add(OBJECT(mr), "container",
-                             "link<" TYPE_MEMORY_REGION ">",
-                             memory_region_get_container,
-                             NULL, /* memory_region_set_container */
-                             NULL, NULL, &error_abort);
-    op->resolve = memory_region_resolve_container;
-
-    object_property_add(OBJECT(mr), "addr", "uint64",
-                        memory_region_get_addr,
-                        NULL, /* memory_region_set_addr */
-                        NULL, NULL, &error_abort);
-    object_property_add(OBJECT(mr), "priority", "uint32",
-                        memory_region_get_priority,
-                        NULL, /* memory_region_set_priority */
-                        NULL, NULL, &error_abort);
-    object_property_add_bool(OBJECT(mr), "may-overlap",
-                             memory_region_get_may_overlap,
-                             NULL, /* memory_region_set_may_overlap */
-                             &error_abort);
-    object_property_add(OBJECT(mr), "size", "uint64",
-                        memory_region_get_size,
-                        NULL, /* memory_region_set_size, */
-                        NULL, NULL, &error_abort);
-}
-
-static uint64_t unassigned_mem_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
-                                    unsigned size)
-{
-#ifdef DEBUG_UNASSIGNED
-    printf("Unassigned mem read " TARGET_FMT_plx "\n", addr);
-#endif
-    if (current_cpu != NULL) {
-        cpu_unassigned_access(current_cpu, addr, false, false, 0, size);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void unassigned_mem_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
-                                 uint64_t val, unsigned size)
-{
-#ifdef DEBUG_UNASSIGNED
-    printf("Unassigned mem write " TARGET_FMT_plx " = 0x%"PRIx64"\n", addr, val);
-#endif
-    if (current_cpu != NULL) {
-        cpu_unassigned_access(current_cpu, addr, true, false, 0, size);
-    }
-}
-
-static bool unassigned_mem_accepts(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
-                                   unsigned size, bool is_write)
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-const MemoryRegionOps unassigned_mem_ops = {
-    .valid.accepts = unassigned_mem_accepts,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
-};
-
-bool memory_region_access_valid(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                hwaddr addr,
-                                unsigned size,
-                                bool is_write)
-{
-    int access_size_min, access_size_max;
-    int access_size, i;
-
-    if (!mr->ops->valid.unaligned && (addr & (size - 1))) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (!mr->ops->valid.accepts) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    access_size_min = mr->ops->valid.min_access_size;
-    if (!mr->ops->valid.min_access_size) {
-        access_size_min = 1;
-    }
-
-    access_size_max = mr->ops->valid.max_access_size;
-    if (!mr->ops->valid.max_access_size) {
-        access_size_max = 4;
-    }
-
-    access_size = MAX(MIN(size, access_size_max), access_size_min);
-    for (i = 0; i < size; i += access_size) {
-        if (!mr->ops->valid.accepts(mr->opaque, addr + i, access_size,
-                                    is_write)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-static MemTxResult memory_region_dispatch_read1(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                                hwaddr addr,
-                                                uint64_t *pval,
-                                                unsigned size,
-                                                MemTxAttrs attrs)
-{
-    *pval = 0;
-
-    if (mr->ops->read) {
-        return access_with_adjusted_size(addr, pval, size,
-                                         mr->ops->impl.min_access_size,
-                                         mr->ops->impl.max_access_size,
-                                         memory_region_read_accessor,
-                                         mr, attrs);
-    } else if (mr->ops->read_with_attrs) {
-        return access_with_adjusted_size(addr, pval, size,
-                                         mr->ops->impl.min_access_size,
-                                         mr->ops->impl.max_access_size,
-                                         memory_region_read_with_attrs_accessor,
-                                         mr, attrs);
-    } else {
-        return access_with_adjusted_size(addr, pval, size, 1, 4,
-                                         memory_region_oldmmio_read_accessor,
-                                         mr, attrs);
-    }
-}
-
-MemTxResult memory_region_dispatch_read(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                        hwaddr addr,
-                                        uint64_t *pval,
-                                        unsigned size,
-                                        MemTxAttrs attrs)
-{
-    MemTxResult r;
-
-    if (!memory_region_access_valid(mr, addr, size, false)) {
-        *pval = unassigned_mem_read(mr, addr, size);
-        return MEMTX_DECODE_ERROR;
-    }
-
-    r = memory_region_dispatch_read1(mr, addr, pval, size, attrs);
-    adjust_endianness(mr, pval, size);
-    return r;
-}
-
-/* Return true if an eventfd was signalled */
-static bool memory_region_dispatch_write_eventfds(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                                    hwaddr addr,
-                                                    uint64_t data,
-                                                    unsigned size,
-                                                    MemTxAttrs attrs)
-{
-    MemoryRegionIoeventfd ioeventfd = {
-        .addr = addrrange_make(int128_make64(addr), int128_make64(size)),
-        .data = data,
-    };
-    unsigned i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < mr->ioeventfd_nb; i++) {
-        ioeventfd.match_data = mr->ioeventfds[i].match_data;
-        ioeventfd.e = mr->ioeventfds[i].e;
-
-        if (memory_region_ioeventfd_equal(ioeventfd, mr->ioeventfds[i])) {
-            event_notifier_set(ioeventfd.e);
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return false;
-}
-
-MemTxResult memory_region_dispatch_write(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                         hwaddr addr,
-                                         uint64_t data,
-                                         unsigned size,
-                                         MemTxAttrs attrs)
-{
-    if (!memory_region_access_valid(mr, addr, size, true)) {
-        unassigned_mem_write(mr, addr, data, size);
-        return MEMTX_DECODE_ERROR;
-    }
-
-    adjust_endianness(mr, &data, size);
-
-    if ((!kvm_eventfds_enabled()) &&
-        memory_region_dispatch_write_eventfds(mr, addr, data, size, attrs)) {
-        return MEMTX_OK;
-    }
-
-    if (mr->ops->write) {
-        return access_with_adjusted_size(addr, &data, size,
-                                         mr->ops->impl.min_access_size,
-                                         mr->ops->impl.max_access_size,
-                                         memory_region_write_accessor, mr,
-                                         attrs);
-    } else if (mr->ops->write_with_attrs) {
-        return
-            access_with_adjusted_size(addr, &data, size,
-                                      mr->ops->impl.min_access_size,
-                                      mr->ops->impl.max_access_size,
-                                      memory_region_write_with_attrs_accessor,
-                                      mr, attrs);
-    } else {
-        return access_with_adjusted_size(addr, &data, size, 1, 4,
-                                         memory_region_oldmmio_write_accessor,
-                                         mr, attrs);
-    }
-}
-
-void memory_region_init_io(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                           Object *owner,
-                           const MemoryRegionOps *ops,
-                           void *opaque,
-                           const char *name,
-                           uint64_t size)
-{
-    memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size);
-    mr->ops = ops ? ops : &unassigned_mem_ops;
-    mr->opaque = opaque;
-    mr->terminates = true;
-}
-
-void memory_region_init_ram(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                            Object *owner,
-                            const char *name,
-                            uint64_t size,
-                            Error **errp)
-{
-    memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size);
-    mr->ram = true;
-    mr->terminates = true;
-    mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_ram;
-    mr->ram_block = qemu_ram_alloc(size, mr, errp);
-    mr->dirty_log_mask = tcg_enabled() ? (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE) : 0;
-}
-
-void memory_region_init_resizeable_ram(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                       Object *owner,
-                                       const char *name,
-                                       uint64_t size,
-                                       uint64_t max_size,
-                                       void (*resized)(const char*,
-                                                       uint64_t length,
-                                                       void *host),
-                                       Error **errp)
-{
-    memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size);
-    mr->ram = true;
-    mr->terminates = true;
-    mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_ram;
-    mr->ram_block = qemu_ram_alloc_resizeable(size, max_size, resized,
-                                              mr, errp);
-    mr->dirty_log_mask = tcg_enabled() ? (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE) : 0;
-}
-
-#ifdef __linux__
-void memory_region_init_ram_from_file(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                      struct Object *owner,
-                                      const char *name,
-                                      uint64_t size,
-                                      bool share,
-                                      const char *path,
-                                      Error **errp)
-{
-    memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size);
-    mr->ram = true;
-    mr->terminates = true;
-    mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_ram;
-    mr->ram_block = qemu_ram_alloc_from_file(size, mr, share, path, errp);
-    mr->dirty_log_mask = tcg_enabled() ? (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE) : 0;
-}
-#endif
-
-void memory_region_init_ram_ptr(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                Object *owner,
-                                const char *name,
-                                uint64_t size,
-                                void *ptr)
-{
-    memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size);
-    mr->ram = true;
-    mr->terminates = true;
-    mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_ram;
-    mr->dirty_log_mask = tcg_enabled() ? (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE) : 0;
-
-    /* qemu_ram_alloc_from_ptr cannot fail with ptr != NULL.  */
-    assert(ptr != NULL);
-    mr->ram_block = qemu_ram_alloc_from_ptr(size, ptr, mr, &error_fatal);
-}
-
-void memory_region_set_skip_dump(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    mr->skip_dump = true;
-}
-
-void memory_region_init_alias(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                              Object *owner,
-                              const char *name,
-                              MemoryRegion *orig,
-                              hwaddr offset,
-                              uint64_t size)
-{
-    memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size);
-    mr->alias = orig;
-    mr->alias_offset = offset;
-}
-
-void memory_region_init_rom_device(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                   Object *owner,
-                                   const MemoryRegionOps *ops,
-                                   void *opaque,
-                                   const char *name,
-                                   uint64_t size,
-                                   Error **errp)
-{
-    memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size);
-    mr->ops = ops;
-    mr->opaque = opaque;
-    mr->terminates = true;
-    mr->rom_device = true;
-    mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_rom_device;
-    mr->ram_block = qemu_ram_alloc(size, mr, errp);
-}
-
-void memory_region_init_iommu(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                              Object *owner,
-                              const MemoryRegionIOMMUOps *ops,
-                              const char *name,
-                              uint64_t size)
-{
-    memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size);
-    mr->iommu_ops = ops,
-    mr->terminates = true;  /* then re-forwards */
-    notifier_list_init(&mr->iommu_notify);
-}
-
-static void memory_region_finalize(Object *obj)
-{
-    MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj);
-
-    assert(!mr->container);
-
-    /* We know the region is not visible in any address space (it
-     * does not have a container and cannot be a root either because
-     * it has no references, so we can blindly clear mr->enabled.
-     * memory_region_set_enabled instead could trigger a transaction
-     * and cause an infinite loop.
-     */
-    mr->enabled = false;
-    memory_region_transaction_begin();
-    while (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&mr->subregions)) {
-        MemoryRegion *subregion = QTAILQ_FIRST(&mr->subregions);
-        memory_region_del_subregion(mr, subregion);
-    }
-    memory_region_transaction_commit();
-
-    mr->destructor(mr);
-    memory_region_clear_coalescing(mr);
-    g_free((char *)mr->name);
-    g_free(mr->ioeventfds);
-}
-
-Object *memory_region_owner(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    Object *obj = OBJECT(mr);
-    return obj->parent;
-}
-
-void memory_region_ref(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    /* MMIO callbacks most likely will access data that belongs
-     * to the owner, hence the need to ref/unref the owner whenever
-     * the memory region is in use.
-     *
-     * The memory region is a child of its owner.  As long as the
-     * owner doesn't call unparent itself on the memory region,
-     * ref-ing the owner will also keep the memory region alive.
-     * Memory regions without an owner are supposed to never go away;
-     * we do not ref/unref them because it slows down DMA sensibly.
-     */
-    if (mr && mr->owner) {
-        object_ref(mr->owner);
-    }
-}
-
-void memory_region_unref(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    if (mr && mr->owner) {
-        object_unref(mr->owner);
-    }
-}
-
-uint64_t memory_region_size(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    if (int128_eq(mr->size, int128_2_64())) {
-        return UINT64_MAX;
-    }
-    return int128_get64(mr->size);
-}
-
-const char *memory_region_name(const MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    if (!mr->name) {
-        ((MemoryRegion *)mr)->name =
-            object_get_canonical_path_component(OBJECT(mr));
-    }
-    return mr->name;
-}
-
-bool memory_region_is_skip_dump(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    return mr->skip_dump;
-}
-
-uint8_t memory_region_get_dirty_log_mask(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    uint8_t mask = mr->dirty_log_mask;
-    if (global_dirty_log) {
-        mask |= (1 << DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION);
-    }
-    return mask;
-}
-
-bool memory_region_is_logging(MemoryRegion *mr, uint8_t client)
-{
-    return memory_region_get_dirty_log_mask(mr) & (1 << client);
-}
-
-void memory_region_register_iommu_notifier(MemoryRegion *mr, Notifier *n)
-{
-    notifier_list_add(&mr->iommu_notify, n);
-}
-
-void memory_region_iommu_replay(MemoryRegion *mr, Notifier *n,
-                                hwaddr granularity, bool is_write)
-{
-    hwaddr addr;
-    IOMMUTLBEntry iotlb;
-
-    for (addr = 0; addr < memory_region_size(mr); addr += granularity) {
-        iotlb = mr->iommu_ops->translate(mr, addr, is_write);
-        if (iotlb.perm != IOMMU_NONE) {
-            n->notify(n, &iotlb);
-        }
-
-        /* if (2^64 - MR size) < granularity, it's possible to get an
-         * infinite loop here.  This should catch such a wraparound */
-        if ((addr + granularity) < addr) {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void memory_region_unregister_iommu_notifier(Notifier *n)
-{
-    notifier_remove(n);
-}
-
-void memory_region_notify_iommu(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                IOMMUTLBEntry entry)
-{
-    assert(memory_region_is_iommu(mr));
-    notifier_list_notify(&mr->iommu_notify, &entry);
-}
-
-void memory_region_set_log(MemoryRegion *mr, bool log, unsigned client)
-{
-    uint8_t mask = 1 << client;
-    uint8_t old_logging;
-
-    assert(client == DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA);
-    old_logging = mr->vga_logging_count;
-    mr->vga_logging_count += log ? 1 : -1;
-    if (!!old_logging == !!mr->vga_logging_count) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    memory_region_transaction_begin();
-    mr->dirty_log_mask = (mr->dirty_log_mask & ~mask) | (log * mask);
-    memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled;
-    memory_region_transaction_commit();
-}
-
-bool memory_region_get_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
-                             hwaddr size, unsigned client)
-{
-    assert(mr->ram_block);
-    return cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty(memory_region_get_ram_addr(mr) + addr,
-                                         size, client);
-}
-
-void memory_region_set_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
-                             hwaddr size)
-{
-    assert(mr->ram_block);
-    cpu_physical_memory_set_dirty_range(memory_region_get_ram_addr(mr) + addr,
-                                        size,
-                                        memory_region_get_dirty_log_mask(mr));
-}
-
-bool memory_region_test_and_clear_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
-                                        hwaddr size, unsigned client)
-{
-    assert(mr->ram_block);
-    return cpu_physical_memory_test_and_clear_dirty(
-                memory_region_get_ram_addr(mr) + addr, size, client);
-}
-
-
-void memory_region_sync_dirty_bitmap(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    AddressSpace *as;
-    FlatRange *fr;
-
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) {
-        FlatView *view = address_space_get_flatview(as);
-        FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, view) {
-            if (fr->mr == mr) {
-                MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(fr, as, Forward, log_sync);
-            }
-        }
-        flatview_unref(view);
-    }
-}
-
-void memory_region_set_readonly(MemoryRegion *mr, bool readonly)
-{
-    if (mr->readonly != readonly) {
-        memory_region_transaction_begin();
-        mr->readonly = readonly;
-        memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled;
-        memory_region_transaction_commit();
-    }
-}
-
-void memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(MemoryRegion *mr, bool romd_mode)
-{
-    if (mr->romd_mode != romd_mode) {
-        memory_region_transaction_begin();
-        mr->romd_mode = romd_mode;
-        memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled;
-        memory_region_transaction_commit();
-    }
-}
-
-void memory_region_reset_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
-                               hwaddr size, unsigned client)
-{
-    assert(mr->ram_block);
-    cpu_physical_memory_test_and_clear_dirty(
-        memory_region_get_ram_addr(mr) + addr, size, client);
-}
-
-int memory_region_get_fd(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    if (mr->alias) {
-        return memory_region_get_fd(mr->alias);
-    }
-
-    assert(mr->ram_block);
-
-    return qemu_get_ram_fd(memory_region_get_ram_addr(mr) & TARGET_PAGE_MASK);
-}
-
-void *memory_region_get_ram_ptr(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    void *ptr;
-    uint64_t offset = 0;
-
-    rcu_read_lock();
-    while (mr->alias) {
-        offset += mr->alias_offset;
-        mr = mr->alias;
-    }
-    assert(mr->ram_block);
-    ptr = qemu_get_ram_ptr(mr->ram_block,
-                           memory_region_get_ram_addr(mr) & TARGET_PAGE_MASK);
-    rcu_read_unlock();
-
-    return ptr + offset;
-}
-
-ram_addr_t memory_region_get_ram_addr(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    return mr->ram_block ? mr->ram_block->offset : RAM_ADDR_INVALID;
-}
-
-void memory_region_ram_resize(MemoryRegion *mr, ram_addr_t newsize, Error **errp)
-{
-    assert(mr->ram_block);
-
-    qemu_ram_resize(memory_region_get_ram_addr(mr), newsize, errp);
-}
-
-static void memory_region_update_coalesced_range_as(MemoryRegion *mr, AddressSpace *as)
-{
-    FlatView *view;
-    FlatRange *fr;
-    CoalescedMemoryRange *cmr;
-    AddrRange tmp;
-    MemoryRegionSection section;
-
-    view = address_space_get_flatview(as);
-    FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, view) {
-        if (fr->mr == mr) {
-            section = (MemoryRegionSection) {
-                .address_space = as,
-                .offset_within_address_space = int128_get64(fr->addr.start),
-                .size = fr->addr.size,
-            };
-
-            MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(coalesced_mmio_del, Reverse, &section,
-                                 int128_get64(fr->addr.start),
-                                 int128_get64(fr->addr.size));
-            QTAILQ_FOREACH(cmr, &mr->coalesced, link) {
-                tmp = addrrange_shift(cmr->addr,
-                                      int128_sub(fr->addr.start,
-                                                 int128_make64(fr->offset_in_region)));
-                if (!addrrange_intersects(tmp, fr->addr)) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                tmp = addrrange_intersection(tmp, fr->addr);
-                MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(coalesced_mmio_add, Forward, &section,
-                                     int128_get64(tmp.start),
-                                     int128_get64(tmp.size));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    flatview_unref(view);
-}
-
-static void memory_region_update_coalesced_range(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    AddressSpace *as;
-
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) {
-        memory_region_update_coalesced_range_as(mr, as);
-    }
-}
-
-void memory_region_set_coalescing(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    memory_region_clear_coalescing(mr);
-    memory_region_add_coalescing(mr, 0, int128_get64(mr->size));
-}
-
-void memory_region_add_coalescing(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                  hwaddr offset,
-                                  uint64_t size)
-{
-    CoalescedMemoryRange *cmr = g_malloc(sizeof(*cmr));
-
-    cmr->addr = addrrange_make(int128_make64(offset), int128_make64(size));
-    QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&mr->coalesced, cmr, link);
-    memory_region_update_coalesced_range(mr);
-    memory_region_set_flush_coalesced(mr);
-}
-
-void memory_region_clear_coalescing(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    CoalescedMemoryRange *cmr;
-    bool updated = false;
-
-    qemu_flush_coalesced_mmio_buffer();
-    mr->flush_coalesced_mmio = false;
-
-    while (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&mr->coalesced)) {
-        cmr = QTAILQ_FIRST(&mr->coalesced);
-        QTAILQ_REMOVE(&mr->coalesced, cmr, link);
-        g_free(cmr);
-        updated = true;
-    }
-
-    if (updated) {
-        memory_region_update_coalesced_range(mr);
-    }
-}
-
-void memory_region_set_flush_coalesced(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    mr->flush_coalesced_mmio = true;
-}
-
-void memory_region_clear_flush_coalesced(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    qemu_flush_coalesced_mmio_buffer();
-    if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&mr->coalesced)) {
-        mr->flush_coalesced_mmio = false;
-    }
-}
-
-void memory_region_set_global_locking(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    mr->global_locking = true;
-}
-
-void memory_region_clear_global_locking(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    mr->global_locking = false;
-}
-
-static bool userspace_eventfd_warning;
-
-void memory_region_add_eventfd(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                               hwaddr addr,
-                               unsigned size,
-                               bool match_data,
-                               uint64_t data,
-                               EventNotifier *e)
-{
-    MemoryRegionIoeventfd mrfd = {
-        .addr.start = int128_make64(addr),
-        .addr.size = int128_make64(size),
-        .match_data = match_data,
-        .data = data,
-        .e = e,
-    };
-    unsigned i;
-
-    if (kvm_enabled() && (!(kvm_eventfds_enabled() ||
-                            userspace_eventfd_warning))) {
-        userspace_eventfd_warning = true;
-        error_report("Using eventfd without MMIO binding in KVM. "
-                     "Suboptimal performance expected");
-    }
-
-    if (size) {
-        adjust_endianness(mr, &mrfd.data, size);
-    }
-    memory_region_transaction_begin();
-    for (i = 0; i < mr->ioeventfd_nb; ++i) {
-        if (memory_region_ioeventfd_before(mrfd, mr->ioeventfds[i])) {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    ++mr->ioeventfd_nb;
-    mr->ioeventfds = g_realloc(mr->ioeventfds,
-                                  sizeof(*mr->ioeventfds) * mr->ioeventfd_nb);
-    memmove(&mr->ioeventfds[i+1], &mr->ioeventfds[i],
-            sizeof(*mr->ioeventfds) * (mr->ioeventfd_nb-1 - i));
-    mr->ioeventfds[i] = mrfd;
-    ioeventfd_update_pending |= mr->enabled;
-    memory_region_transaction_commit();
-}
-
-void memory_region_del_eventfd(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                               hwaddr addr,
-                               unsigned size,
-                               bool match_data,
-                               uint64_t data,
-                               EventNotifier *e)
-{
-    MemoryRegionIoeventfd mrfd = {
-        .addr.start = int128_make64(addr),
-        .addr.size = int128_make64(size),
-        .match_data = match_data,
-        .data = data,
-        .e = e,
-    };
-    unsigned i;
-
-    if (size) {
-        adjust_endianness(mr, &mrfd.data, size);
-    }
-    memory_region_transaction_begin();
-    for (i = 0; i < mr->ioeventfd_nb; ++i) {
-        if (memory_region_ioeventfd_equal(mrfd, mr->ioeventfds[i])) {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    assert(i != mr->ioeventfd_nb);
-    memmove(&mr->ioeventfds[i], &mr->ioeventfds[i+1],
-            sizeof(*mr->ioeventfds) * (mr->ioeventfd_nb - (i+1)));
-    --mr->ioeventfd_nb;
-    mr->ioeventfds = g_realloc(mr->ioeventfds,
-                                  sizeof(*mr->ioeventfds)*mr->ioeventfd_nb + 1);
-    ioeventfd_update_pending |= mr->enabled;
-    memory_region_transaction_commit();
-}
-
-static void memory_region_update_container_subregions(MemoryRegion *subregion)
-{
-    hwaddr offset = subregion->addr;
-    MemoryRegion *mr = subregion->container;
-    MemoryRegion *other;
-
-    memory_region_transaction_begin();
-
-    memory_region_ref(subregion);
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH(other, &mr->subregions, subregions_link) {
-        if (subregion->may_overlap || other->may_overlap) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (int128_ge(int128_make64(offset),
-                      int128_add(int128_make64(other->addr), other->size))
-            || int128_le(int128_add(int128_make64(offset), subregion->size),
-                         int128_make64(other->addr))) {
-            continue;
-        }
-#if 0
-        printf("warning: subregion collision %llx/%llx (%s) "
-               "vs %llx/%llx (%s)\n",
-               (unsigned long long)offset,
-               (unsigned long long)int128_get64(subregion->size),
-               subregion->name,
-               (unsigned long long)other->addr,
-               (unsigned long long)int128_get64(other->size),
-               other->name);
-#endif
-    }
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH(other, &mr->subregions, subregions_link) {
-        if (subregion->priority >= other->priority) {
-            QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(other, subregion, subregions_link);
-            goto done;
-        }
-    }
-    QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&mr->subregions, subregion, subregions_link);
-done:
-    memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled && subregion->enabled;
-    memory_region_transaction_commit();
-}
-
-static void memory_region_add_subregion_common(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                               hwaddr offset,
-                                               MemoryRegion *subregion)
-{
-    assert(!subregion->container);
-    subregion->container = mr;
-    subregion->addr = offset;
-    memory_region_update_container_subregions(subregion);
-}
-
-void memory_region_add_subregion(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                 hwaddr offset,
-                                 MemoryRegion *subregion)
-{
-    subregion->may_overlap = false;
-    subregion->priority = 0;
-    memory_region_add_subregion_common(mr, offset, subregion);
-}
-
-void memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                         hwaddr offset,
-                                         MemoryRegion *subregion,
-                                         int priority)
-{
-    subregion->may_overlap = true;
-    subregion->priority = priority;
-    memory_region_add_subregion_common(mr, offset, subregion);
-}
-
-void memory_region_del_subregion(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                 MemoryRegion *subregion)
-{
-    memory_region_transaction_begin();
-    assert(subregion->container == mr);
-    subregion->container = NULL;
-    QTAILQ_REMOVE(&mr->subregions, subregion, subregions_link);
-    memory_region_unref(subregion);
-    memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled && subregion->enabled;
-    memory_region_transaction_commit();
-}
-
-void memory_region_set_enabled(MemoryRegion *mr, bool enabled)
-{
-    if (enabled == mr->enabled) {
-        return;
-    }
-    memory_region_transaction_begin();
-    mr->enabled = enabled;
-    memory_region_update_pending = true;
-    memory_region_transaction_commit();
-}
-
-void memory_region_set_size(MemoryRegion *mr, uint64_t size)
-{
-    Int128 s = int128_make64(size);
-
-    if (size == UINT64_MAX) {
-        s = int128_2_64();
-    }
-    if (int128_eq(s, mr->size)) {
-        return;
-    }
-    memory_region_transaction_begin();
-    mr->size = s;
-    memory_region_update_pending = true;
-    memory_region_transaction_commit();
-}
-
-static void memory_region_readd_subregion(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    MemoryRegion *container = mr->container;
-
-    if (container) {
-        memory_region_transaction_begin();
-        memory_region_ref(mr);
-        memory_region_del_subregion(container, mr);
-        mr->container = container;
-        memory_region_update_container_subregions(mr);
-        memory_region_unref(mr);
-        memory_region_transaction_commit();
-    }
-}
-
-void memory_region_set_address(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr)
-{
-    if (addr != mr->addr) {
-        mr->addr = addr;
-        memory_region_readd_subregion(mr);
-    }
-}
-
-void memory_region_set_alias_offset(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr offset)
-{
-    assert(mr->alias);
-
-    if (offset == mr->alias_offset) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    memory_region_transaction_begin();
-    mr->alias_offset = offset;
-    memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled;
-    memory_region_transaction_commit();
-}
-
-uint64_t memory_region_get_alignment(const MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    return mr->align;
-}
-
-static int cmp_flatrange_addr(const void *addr_, const void *fr_)
-{
-    const AddrRange *addr = addr_;
-    const FlatRange *fr = fr_;
-
-    if (int128_le(addrrange_end(*addr), fr->addr.start)) {
-        return -1;
-    } else if (int128_ge(addr->start, addrrange_end(fr->addr))) {
-        return 1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static FlatRange *flatview_lookup(FlatView *view, AddrRange addr)
-{
-    return bsearch(&addr, view->ranges, view->nr,
-                   sizeof(FlatRange), cmp_flatrange_addr);
-}
-
-bool memory_region_is_mapped(MemoryRegion *mr)
-{
-    return mr->container ? true : false;
-}
-
-/* Same as memory_region_find, but it does not add a reference to the
- * returned region.  It must be called from an RCU critical section.
- */
-static MemoryRegionSection memory_region_find_rcu(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                                  hwaddr addr, uint64_t size)
-{
-    MemoryRegionSection ret = { .mr = NULL };
-    MemoryRegion *root;
-    AddressSpace *as;
-    AddrRange range;
-    FlatView *view;
-    FlatRange *fr;
-
-    addr += mr->addr;
-    for (root = mr; root->container; ) {
-        root = root->container;
-        addr += root->addr;
-    }
-
-    as = memory_region_to_address_space(root);
-    if (!as) {
-        return ret;
-    }
-    range = addrrange_make(int128_make64(addr), int128_make64(size));
-
-    view = atomic_rcu_read(&as->current_map);
-    fr = flatview_lookup(view, range);
-    if (!fr) {
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    while (fr > view->ranges && addrrange_intersects(fr[-1].addr, range)) {
-        --fr;
-    }
-
-    ret.mr = fr->mr;
-    ret.address_space = as;
-    range = addrrange_intersection(range, fr->addr);
-    ret.offset_within_region = fr->offset_in_region;
-    ret.offset_within_region += int128_get64(int128_sub(range.start,
-                                                        fr->addr.start));
-    ret.size = range.size;
-    ret.offset_within_address_space = int128_get64(range.start);
-    ret.readonly = fr->readonly;
-    return ret;
-}
-
-MemoryRegionSection memory_region_find(MemoryRegion *mr,
-                                       hwaddr addr, uint64_t size)
-{
-    MemoryRegionSection ret;
-    rcu_read_lock();
-    ret = memory_region_find_rcu(mr, addr, size);
-    if (ret.mr) {
-        memory_region_ref(ret.mr);
-    }
-    rcu_read_unlock();
-    return ret;
-}
-
-bool memory_region_present(MemoryRegion *container, hwaddr addr)
-{
-    MemoryRegion *mr;
-
-    rcu_read_lock();
-    mr = memory_region_find_rcu(container, addr, 1).mr;
-    rcu_read_unlock();
-    return mr && mr != container;
-}
-
-void address_space_sync_dirty_bitmap(AddressSpace *as)
-{
-    FlatView *view;
-    FlatRange *fr;
-
-    view = address_space_get_flatview(as);
-    FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, view) {
-        MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(fr, as, Forward, log_sync);
-    }
-    flatview_unref(view);
-}
-
-void memory_global_dirty_log_start(void)
-{
-    global_dirty_log = true;
-
-    MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL_GLOBAL(log_global_start, Forward);
-
-    /* Refresh DIRTY_LOG_MIGRATION bit.  */
-    memory_region_transaction_begin();
-    memory_region_update_pending = true;
-    memory_region_transaction_commit();
-}
-
-void memory_global_dirty_log_stop(void)
-{
-    global_dirty_log = false;
-
-    /* Refresh DIRTY_LOG_MIGRATION bit.  */
-    memory_region_transaction_begin();
-    memory_region_update_pending = true;
-    memory_region_transaction_commit();
-
-    MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL_GLOBAL(log_global_stop, Reverse);
-}
-
-static void listener_add_address_space(MemoryListener *listener,
-                                       AddressSpace *as)
-{
-    FlatView *view;
-    FlatRange *fr;
-
-    if (listener->address_space_filter
-        && listener->address_space_filter != as) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (listener->begin) {
-        listener->begin(listener);
-    }
-    if (global_dirty_log) {
-        if (listener->log_global_start) {
-            listener->log_global_start(listener);
-        }
-    }
-
-    view = address_space_get_flatview(as);
-    FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, view) {
-        MemoryRegionSection section = {
-            .mr = fr->mr,
-            .address_space = as,
-            .offset_within_region = fr->offset_in_region,
-            .size = fr->addr.size,
-            .offset_within_address_space = int128_get64(fr->addr.start),
-            .readonly = fr->readonly,
-        };
-        if (fr->dirty_log_mask && listener->log_start) {
-            listener->log_start(listener, &section, 0, fr->dirty_log_mask);
-        }
-        if (listener->region_add) {
-            listener->region_add(listener, &section);
-        }
-    }
-    if (listener->commit) {
-        listener->commit(listener);
-    }
-    flatview_unref(view);
-}
-
-void memory_listener_register(MemoryListener *listener, AddressSpace *filter)
-{
-    MemoryListener *other = NULL;
-    AddressSpace *as;
-
-    listener->address_space_filter = filter;
-    if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&memory_listeners)
-        || listener->priority >= QTAILQ_LAST(&memory_listeners,
-                                             memory_listeners)->priority) {
-        QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&memory_listeners, listener, link);
-    } else {
-        QTAILQ_FOREACH(other, &memory_listeners, link) {
-            if (listener->priority < other->priority) {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(other, listener, link);
-    }
-
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) {
-        listener_add_address_space(listener, as);
-    }
-}
-
-void memory_listener_unregister(MemoryListener *listener)
-{
-    QTAILQ_REMOVE(&memory_listeners, listener, link);
-}
-
-void address_space_init(AddressSpace *as, MemoryRegion *root, const char *name)
-{
-    memory_region_ref(root);
-    memory_region_transaction_begin();
-    as->ref_count = 1;
-    as->root = root;
-    as->malloced = false;
-    as->current_map = g_new(FlatView, 1);
-    flatview_init(as->current_map);
-    as->ioeventfd_nb = 0;
-    as->ioeventfds = NULL;
-    QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&address_spaces, as, address_spaces_link);
-    as->name = g_strdup(name ? name : "anonymous");
-    address_space_init_dispatch(as);
-    memory_region_update_pending |= root->enabled;
-    memory_region_transaction_commit();
-}
-
-static void do_address_space_destroy(AddressSpace *as)
-{
-    MemoryListener *listener;
-    bool do_free = as->malloced;
-
-    address_space_destroy_dispatch(as);
-
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH(listener, &memory_listeners, link) {
-        assert(listener->address_space_filter != as);
-    }
-
-    flatview_unref(as->current_map);
-    g_free(as->name);
-    g_free(as->ioeventfds);
-    memory_region_unref(as->root);
-    if (do_free) {
-        g_free(as);
-    }
-}
-
-AddressSpace *address_space_init_shareable(MemoryRegion *root, const char *name)
-{
-    AddressSpace *as;
-
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) {
-        if (root == as->root && as->malloced) {
-            as->ref_count++;
-            return as;
-        }
-    }
-
-    as = g_malloc0(sizeof *as);
-    address_space_init(as, root, name);
-    as->malloced = true;
-    return as;
-}
-
-void address_space_destroy(AddressSpace *as)
-{
-    MemoryRegion *root = as->root;
-
-    as->ref_count--;
-    if (as->ref_count) {
-        return;
-    }
-    /* Flush out anything from MemoryListeners listening in on this */
-    memory_region_transaction_begin();
-    as->root = NULL;
-    memory_region_transaction_commit();
-    QTAILQ_REMOVE(&address_spaces, as, address_spaces_link);
-    address_space_unregister(as);
-
-    /* At this point, as->dispatch and as->current_map are dummy
-     * entries that the guest should never use.  Wait for the old
-     * values to expire before freeing the data.
-     */
-    as->root = root;
-    call_rcu(as, do_address_space_destroy, rcu);
-}
-
-typedef struct MemoryRegionList MemoryRegionList;
-
-struct MemoryRegionList {
-    const MemoryRegion *mr;
-    QTAILQ_ENTRY(MemoryRegionList) queue;
-};
-
-typedef QTAILQ_HEAD(queue, MemoryRegionList) MemoryRegionListHead;
-
-static void mtree_print_mr(fprintf_function mon_printf, void *f,
-                           const MemoryRegion *mr, unsigned int level,
-                           hwaddr base,
-                           MemoryRegionListHead *alias_print_queue)
-{
-    MemoryRegionList *new_ml, *ml, *next_ml;
-    MemoryRegionListHead submr_print_queue;
-    const MemoryRegion *submr;
-    unsigned int i;
-
-    if (!mr) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    for (i = 0; i < level; i++) {
-        mon_printf(f, "  ");
-    }
-
-    if (mr->alias) {
-        MemoryRegionList *ml;
-        bool found = false;
-
-        /* check if the alias is already in the queue */
-        QTAILQ_FOREACH(ml, alias_print_queue, queue) {
-            if (ml->mr == mr->alias) {
-                found = true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (!found) {
-            ml = g_new(MemoryRegionList, 1);
-            ml->mr = mr->alias;
-            QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(alias_print_queue, ml, queue);
-        }
-        mon_printf(f, TARGET_FMT_plx "-" TARGET_FMT_plx
-                   " (prio %d, %c%c): alias %s @%s " TARGET_FMT_plx
-                   "-" TARGET_FMT_plx "%s\n",
-                   base + mr->addr,
-                   base + mr->addr
-                   + (int128_nz(mr->size) ?
-                      (hwaddr)int128_get64(int128_sub(mr->size,
-                                                      int128_one())) : 0),
-                   mr->priority,
-                   mr->romd_mode ? 'R' : '-',
-                   !mr->readonly && !(mr->rom_device && mr->romd_mode) ? 'W'
-                                                                       : '-',
-                   memory_region_name(mr),
-                   memory_region_name(mr->alias),
-                   mr->alias_offset,
-                   mr->alias_offset
-                   + (int128_nz(mr->size) ?
-                      (hwaddr)int128_get64(int128_sub(mr->size,
-                                                      int128_one())) : 0),
-                   mr->enabled ? "" : " [disabled]");
-    } else {
-        mon_printf(f,
-                   TARGET_FMT_plx "-" TARGET_FMT_plx " (prio %d, %c%c): %s%s\n",
-                   base + mr->addr,
-                   base + mr->addr
-                   + (int128_nz(mr->size) ?
-                      (hwaddr)int128_get64(int128_sub(mr->size,
-                                                      int128_one())) : 0),
-                   mr->priority,
-                   mr->romd_mode ? 'R' : '-',
-                   !mr->readonly && !(mr->rom_device && mr->romd_mode) ? 'W'
-                                                                       : '-',
-                   memory_region_name(mr),
-                   mr->enabled ? "" : " [disabled]");
-    }
-
-    QTAILQ_INIT(&submr_print_queue);
-
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH(submr, &mr->subregions, subregions_link) {
-        new_ml = g_new(MemoryRegionList, 1);
-        new_ml->mr = submr;
-        QTAILQ_FOREACH(ml, &submr_print_queue, queue) {
-            if (new_ml->mr->addr < ml->mr->addr ||
-                (new_ml->mr->addr == ml->mr->addr &&
-                 new_ml->mr->priority > ml->mr->priority)) {
-                QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(ml, new_ml, queue);
-                new_ml = NULL;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        if (new_ml) {
-            QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&submr_print_queue, new_ml, queue);
-        }
-    }
-
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH(ml, &submr_print_queue, queue) {
-        mtree_print_mr(mon_printf, f, ml->mr, level + 1, base + mr->addr,
-                       alias_print_queue);
-    }
-
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(ml, &submr_print_queue, queue, next_ml) {
-        g_free(ml);
-    }
-}
-
-void mtree_info(fprintf_function mon_printf, void *f)
-{
-    MemoryRegionListHead ml_head;
-    MemoryRegionList *ml, *ml2;
-    AddressSpace *as;
-
-    QTAILQ_INIT(&ml_head);
-
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) {
-        mon_printf(f, "address-space: %s\n", as->name);
-        mtree_print_mr(mon_printf, f, as->root, 1, 0, &ml_head);
-        mon_printf(f, "\n");
-    }
-
-    /* print aliased regions */
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH(ml, &ml_head, queue) {
-        mon_printf(f, "memory-region: %s\n", memory_region_name(ml->mr));
-        mtree_print_mr(mon_printf, f, ml->mr, 1, 0, &ml_head);
-        mon_printf(f, "\n");
-    }
-
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(ml, &ml_head, queue, ml2) {
-        g_free(ml);
-    }
-}
-
-static const TypeInfo memory_region_info = {
-    .parent             = TYPE_OBJECT,
-    .name               = TYPE_MEMORY_REGION,
-    .instance_size      = sizeof(MemoryRegion),
-    .instance_init      = memory_region_initfn,
-    .instance_finalize  = memory_region_finalize,
-};
-
-static void memory_register_types(void)
-{
-    type_register_static(&memory_region_info);
-}
-
-type_init(memory_register_types)