Add qemu 2.4.0

Change-Id: Ic99cbad4b61f8b127b7dc74d04576c0bcbaaf4f5
Signed-off-by: Yang Zhang <yang.z.zhang@intel.com>

1 files changed, 1340 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/qemu/include/exec/memory.h b/qemu/include/exec/memory.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94d20eae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/qemu/include/exec/memory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1340 @@
+/*
+ * Physical memory management API
+ *
+ * Copyright 2011 Red Hat, Inc. and/or its affiliates
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *  Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
+ * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef MEMORY_H
+#define MEMORY_H
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+
+#define DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA       0
+#define DIRTY_MEMORY_CODE      1
+#define DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION 2
+#define DIRTY_MEMORY_NUM       3        /* num of dirty bits */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include "exec/cpu-common.h"
+#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+#include "exec/hwaddr.h"
+#endif
+#include "exec/memattrs.h"
+#include "qemu/queue.h"
+#include "qemu/int128.h"
+#include "qemu/notify.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qom/object.h"
+#include "qemu/rcu.h"
+
+#define MAX_PHYS_ADDR_SPACE_BITS 62
+#define MAX_PHYS_ADDR            (((hwaddr)1 << MAX_PHYS_ADDR_SPACE_BITS) - 1)
+
+#define TYPE_MEMORY_REGION "qemu:memory-region"
+#define MEMORY_REGION(obj) \
+        OBJECT_CHECK(MemoryRegion, (obj), TYPE_MEMORY_REGION)
+
+typedef struct MemoryRegionOps MemoryRegionOps;
+typedef struct MemoryRegionMmio MemoryRegionMmio;
+
+struct MemoryRegionMmio {
+    CPUReadMemoryFunc *read[3];
+    CPUWriteMemoryFunc *write[3];
+};
+
+typedef struct IOMMUTLBEntry IOMMUTLBEntry;
+
+/* See address_space_translate: bit 0 is read, bit 1 is write.  */
+typedef enum {
+    IOMMU_NONE = 0,
+    IOMMU_RO   = 1,
+    IOMMU_WO   = 2,
+    IOMMU_RW   = 3,
+} IOMMUAccessFlags;
+
+struct IOMMUTLBEntry {
+    AddressSpace    *target_as;
+    hwaddr           iova;
+    hwaddr           translated_addr;
+    hwaddr           addr_mask;  /* 0xfff = 4k translation */
+    IOMMUAccessFlags perm;
+};
+
+/* New-style MMIO accessors can indicate that the transaction failed.
+ * A zero (MEMTX_OK) response means success; anything else is a failure
+ * of some kind. The memory subsystem will bitwise-OR together results
+ * if it is synthesizing an operation from multiple smaller accesses.
+ */
+#define MEMTX_OK 0
+#define MEMTX_ERROR             (1U << 0) /* device returned an error */
+#define MEMTX_DECODE_ERROR      (1U << 1) /* nothing at that address */
+typedef uint32_t MemTxResult;
+
+/*
+ * Memory region callbacks
+ */
+struct MemoryRegionOps {
+    /* Read from the memory region. @addr is relative to @mr; @size is
+     * in bytes. */
+    uint64_t (*read)(void *opaque,
+                     hwaddr addr,
+                     unsigned size);
+    /* Write to the memory region. @addr is relative to @mr; @size is
+     * in bytes. */
+    void (*write)(void *opaque,
+                  hwaddr addr,
+                  uint64_t data,
+                  unsigned size);
+
+    MemTxResult (*read_with_attrs)(void *opaque,
+                                   hwaddr addr,
+                                   uint64_t *data,
+                                   unsigned size,
+                                   MemTxAttrs attrs);
+    MemTxResult (*write_with_attrs)(void *opaque,
+                                    hwaddr addr,
+                                    uint64_t data,
+                                    unsigned size,
+                                    MemTxAttrs attrs);
+
+    enum device_endian endianness;
+    /* Guest-visible constraints: */
+    struct {
+        /* If nonzero, specify bounds on access sizes beyond which a machine
+         * check is thrown.
+         */
+        unsigned min_access_size;
+        unsigned max_access_size;
+        /* If true, unaligned accesses are supported.  Otherwise unaligned
+         * accesses throw machine checks.
+         */
+         bool unaligned;
+        /*
+         * If present, and returns #false, the transaction is not accepted
+         * by the device (and results in machine dependent behaviour such
+         * as a machine check exception).
+         */
+        bool (*accepts)(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
+                        unsigned size, bool is_write);
+    } valid;
+    /* Internal implementation constraints: */
+    struct {
+        /* If nonzero, specifies the minimum size implemented.  Smaller sizes
+         * will be rounded upwards and a partial result will be returned.
+         */
+        unsigned min_access_size;
+        /* If nonzero, specifies the maximum size implemented.  Larger sizes
+         * will be done as a series of accesses with smaller sizes.
+         */
+        unsigned max_access_size;
+        /* If true, unaligned accesses are supported.  Otherwise all accesses
+         * are converted to (possibly multiple) naturally aligned accesses.
+         */
+        bool unaligned;
+    } impl;
+
+    /* If .read and .write are not present, old_mmio may be used for
+     * backwards compatibility with old mmio registration
+     */
+    const MemoryRegionMmio old_mmio;
+};
+
+typedef struct MemoryRegionIOMMUOps MemoryRegionIOMMUOps;
+
+struct MemoryRegionIOMMUOps {
+    /* Return a TLB entry that contains a given address. */
+    IOMMUTLBEntry (*translate)(MemoryRegion *iommu, hwaddr addr, bool is_write);
+};
+
+typedef struct CoalescedMemoryRange CoalescedMemoryRange;
+typedef struct MemoryRegionIoeventfd MemoryRegionIoeventfd;
+
+struct MemoryRegion {
+    Object parent_obj;
+    /* All fields are private - violators will be prosecuted */
+    const MemoryRegionOps *ops;
+    const MemoryRegionIOMMUOps *iommu_ops;
+    void *opaque;
+    MemoryRegion *container;
+    Int128 size;
+    hwaddr addr;
+    void (*destructor)(MemoryRegion *mr);
+    ram_addr_t ram_addr;
+    uint64_t align;
+    bool subpage;
+    bool terminates;
+    bool romd_mode;
+    bool ram;
+    bool skip_dump;
+    bool readonly; /* For RAM regions */
+    bool enabled;
+    bool rom_device;
+    bool warning_printed; /* For reservations */
+    bool flush_coalesced_mmio;
+    bool global_locking;
+    uint8_t vga_logging_count;
+    MemoryRegion *alias;
+    hwaddr alias_offset;
+    int32_t priority;
+    bool may_overlap;
+    QTAILQ_HEAD(subregions, MemoryRegion) subregions;
+    QTAILQ_ENTRY(MemoryRegion) subregions_link;
+    QTAILQ_HEAD(coalesced_ranges, CoalescedMemoryRange) coalesced;
+    const char *name;
+    uint8_t dirty_log_mask;
+    unsigned ioeventfd_nb;
+    MemoryRegionIoeventfd *ioeventfds;
+    NotifierList iommu_notify;
+};
+
+/**
+ * MemoryListener: callbacks structure for updates to the physical memory map
+ *
+ * Allows a component to adjust to changes in the guest-visible memory map.
+ * Use with memory_listener_register() and memory_listener_unregister().
+ */
+struct MemoryListener {
+    void (*begin)(MemoryListener *listener);
+    void (*commit)(MemoryListener *listener);
+    void (*region_add)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section);
+    void (*region_del)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section);
+    void (*region_nop)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section);
+    void (*log_start)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section,
+                      int old, int new);
+    void (*log_stop)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section,
+                     int old, int new);
+    void (*log_sync)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section);
+    void (*log_global_start)(MemoryListener *listener);
+    void (*log_global_stop)(MemoryListener *listener);
+    void (*eventfd_add)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section,
+                        bool match_data, uint64_t data, EventNotifier *e);
+    void (*eventfd_del)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section,
+                        bool match_data, uint64_t data, EventNotifier *e);
+    void (*coalesced_mmio_add)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section,
+                               hwaddr addr, hwaddr len);
+    void (*coalesced_mmio_del)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section,
+                               hwaddr addr, hwaddr len);
+    /* Lower = earlier (during add), later (during del) */
+    unsigned priority;
+    AddressSpace *address_space_filter;
+    QTAILQ_ENTRY(MemoryListener) link;
+};
+
+/**
+ * AddressSpace: describes a mapping of addresses to #MemoryRegion objects
+ */
+struct AddressSpace {
+    /* All fields are private. */
+    struct rcu_head rcu;
+    char *name;
+    MemoryRegion *root;
+
+    /* Accessed via RCU.  */
+    struct FlatView *current_map;
+
+    int ioeventfd_nb;
+    struct MemoryRegionIoeventfd *ioeventfds;
+    struct AddressSpaceDispatch *dispatch;
+    struct AddressSpaceDispatch *next_dispatch;
+    MemoryListener dispatch_listener;
+
+    QTAILQ_ENTRY(AddressSpace) address_spaces_link;
+};
+
+/**
+ * MemoryRegionSection: describes a fragment of a #MemoryRegion
+ *
+ * @mr: the region, or %NULL if empty
+ * @address_space: the address space the region is mapped in
+ * @offset_within_region: the beginning of the section, relative to @mr's start
+ * @size: the size of the section; will not exceed @mr's boundaries
+ * @offset_within_address_space: the address of the first byte of the section
+ *     relative to the region's address space
+ * @readonly: writes to this section are ignored
+ */
+struct MemoryRegionSection {
+    MemoryRegion *mr;
+    AddressSpace *address_space;
+    hwaddr offset_within_region;
+    Int128 size;
+    hwaddr offset_within_address_space;
+    bool readonly;
+};
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_init: Initialize a memory region
+ *
+ * The region typically acts as a container for other memory regions.  Use
+ * memory_region_add_subregion() to add subregions.
+ *
+ * @mr: the #MemoryRegion to be initialized
+ * @owner: the object that tracks the region's reference count
+ * @name: used for debugging; not visible to the user or ABI
+ * @size: size of the region; any subregions beyond this size will be clipped
+ */
+void memory_region_init(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                        struct Object *owner,
+                        const char *name,
+                        uint64_t size);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_ref: Add 1 to a memory region's reference count
+ *
+ * Whenever memory regions are accessed outside the BQL, they need to be
+ * preserved against hot-unplug.  MemoryRegions actually do not have their
+ * own reference count; they piggyback on a QOM object, their "owner".
+ * This function adds a reference to the owner.
+ *
+ * All MemoryRegions must have an owner if they can disappear, even if the
+ * device they belong to operates exclusively under the BQL.  This is because
+ * the region could be returned at any time by memory_region_find, and this
+ * is usually under guest control.
+ *
+ * @mr: the #MemoryRegion
+ */
+void memory_region_ref(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_unref: Remove 1 to a memory region's reference count
+ *
+ * Whenever memory regions are accessed outside the BQL, they need to be
+ * preserved against hot-unplug.  MemoryRegions actually do not have their
+ * own reference count; they piggyback on a QOM object, their "owner".
+ * This function removes a reference to the owner and possibly destroys it.
+ *
+ * @mr: the #MemoryRegion
+ */
+void memory_region_unref(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_init_io: Initialize an I/O memory region.
+ *
+ * Accesses into the region will cause the callbacks in @ops to be called.
+ * if @size is nonzero, subregions will be clipped to @size.
+ *
+ * @mr: the #MemoryRegion to be initialized.
+ * @owner: the object that tracks the region's reference count
+ * @ops: a structure containing read and write callbacks to be used when
+ *       I/O is performed on the region.
+ * @opaque: passed to to the read and write callbacks of the @ops structure.
+ * @name: used for debugging; not visible to the user or ABI
+ * @size: size of the region.
+ */
+void memory_region_init_io(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                           struct Object *owner,
+                           const MemoryRegionOps *ops,
+                           void *opaque,
+                           const char *name,
+                           uint64_t size);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_init_ram:  Initialize RAM memory region.  Accesses into the
+ *                          region will modify memory directly.
+ *
+ * @mr: the #MemoryRegion to be initialized.
+ * @owner: the object that tracks the region's reference count
+ * @name: the name of the region.
+ * @size: size of the region.
+ * @errp: pointer to Error*, to store an error if it happens.
+ */
+void memory_region_init_ram(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                            struct Object *owner,
+                            const char *name,
+                            uint64_t size,
+                            Error **errp);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_init_resizeable_ram:  Initialize memory region with resizeable
+ *                                     RAM.  Accesses into the region will
+ *                                     modify memory directly.  Only an initial
+ *                                     portion of this RAM is actually used.
+ *                                     The used size can change across reboots.
+ *
+ * @mr: the #MemoryRegion to be initialized.
+ * @owner: the object that tracks the region's reference count
+ * @name: the name of the region.
+ * @size: used size of the region.
+ * @max_size: max size of the region.
+ * @resized: callback to notify owner about used size change.
+ * @errp: pointer to Error*, to store an error if it happens.
+ */
+void memory_region_init_resizeable_ram(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                                       struct Object *owner,
+                                       const char *name,
+                                       uint64_t size,
+                                       uint64_t max_size,
+                                       void (*resized)(const char*,
+                                                       uint64_t length,
+                                                       void *host),
+                                       Error **errp);
+#ifdef __linux__
+/**
+ * memory_region_init_ram_from_file:  Initialize RAM memory region with a
+ *                                    mmap-ed backend.
+ *
+ * @mr: the #MemoryRegion to be initialized.
+ * @owner: the object that tracks the region's reference count
+ * @name: the name of the region.
+ * @size: size of the region.
+ * @share: %true if memory must be mmaped with the MAP_SHARED flag
+ * @path: the path in which to allocate the RAM.
+ * @errp: pointer to Error*, to store an error if it happens.
+ */
+void memory_region_init_ram_from_file(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                                      struct Object *owner,
+                                      const char *name,
+                                      uint64_t size,
+                                      bool share,
+                                      const char *path,
+                                      Error **errp);
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_init_ram_ptr:  Initialize RAM memory region from a
+ *                              user-provided pointer.  Accesses into the
+ *                              region will modify memory directly.
+ *
+ * @mr: the #MemoryRegion to be initialized.
+ * @owner: the object that tracks the region's reference count
+ * @name: the name of the region.
+ * @size: size of the region.
+ * @ptr: memory to be mapped; must contain at least @size bytes.
+ */
+void memory_region_init_ram_ptr(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                                struct Object *owner,
+                                const char *name,
+                                uint64_t size,
+                                void *ptr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_init_alias: Initialize a memory region that aliases all or a
+ *                           part of another memory region.
+ *
+ * @mr: the #MemoryRegion to be initialized.
+ * @owner: the object that tracks the region's reference count
+ * @name: used for debugging; not visible to the user or ABI
+ * @orig: the region to be referenced; @mr will be equivalent to
+ *        @orig between @offset and @offset + @size - 1.
+ * @offset: start of the section in @orig to be referenced.
+ * @size: size of the region.
+ */
+void memory_region_init_alias(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                              struct Object *owner,
+                              const char *name,
+                              MemoryRegion *orig,
+                              hwaddr offset,
+                              uint64_t size);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_init_rom_device:  Initialize a ROM memory region.  Writes are
+ *                                 handled via callbacks.
+ *
+ * @mr: the #MemoryRegion to be initialized.
+ * @owner: the object that tracks the region's reference count
+ * @ops: callbacks for write access handling.
+ * @name: the name of the region.
+ * @size: size of the region.
+ * @errp: pointer to Error*, to store an error if it happens.
+ */
+void memory_region_init_rom_device(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                                   struct Object *owner,
+                                   const MemoryRegionOps *ops,
+                                   void *opaque,
+                                   const char *name,
+                                   uint64_t size,
+                                   Error **errp);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_init_reservation: Initialize a memory region that reserves
+ *                                 I/O space.
+ *
+ * A reservation region primariy serves debugging purposes.  It claims I/O
+ * space that is not supposed to be handled by QEMU itself.  Any access via
+ * the memory API will cause an abort().
+ *
+ * @mr: the #MemoryRegion to be initialized
+ * @owner: the object that tracks the region's reference count
+ * @name: used for debugging; not visible to the user or ABI
+ * @size: size of the region.
+ */
+void memory_region_init_reservation(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                                    struct Object *owner,
+                                    const char *name,
+                                    uint64_t size);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_init_iommu: Initialize a memory region that translates
+ * addresses
+ *
+ * An IOMMU region translates addresses and forwards accesses to a target
+ * memory region.
+ *
+ * @mr: the #MemoryRegion to be initialized
+ * @owner: the object that tracks the region's reference count
+ * @ops: a function that translates addresses into the @target region
+ * @name: used for debugging; not visible to the user or ABI
+ * @size: size of the region.
+ */
+void memory_region_init_iommu(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                              struct Object *owner,
+                              const MemoryRegionIOMMUOps *ops,
+                              const char *name,
+                              uint64_t size);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_owner: get a memory region's owner.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being queried.
+ */
+struct Object *memory_region_owner(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_size: get a memory region's size.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being queried.
+ */
+uint64_t memory_region_size(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_is_ram: check whether a memory region is random access
+ *
+ * Returns %true is a memory region is random access.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being queried
+ */
+bool memory_region_is_ram(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_is_skip_dump: check whether a memory region should not be
+ *                             dumped
+ *
+ * Returns %true is a memory region should not be dumped(e.g. VFIO BAR MMAP).
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being queried
+ */
+bool memory_region_is_skip_dump(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_set_skip_dump: Set skip_dump flag, dump will ignore this memory
+ *                              region
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being queried
+ */
+void memory_region_set_skip_dump(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_is_romd: check whether a memory region is in ROMD mode
+ *
+ * Returns %true if a memory region is a ROM device and currently set to allow
+ * direct reads.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being queried
+ */
+static inline bool memory_region_is_romd(MemoryRegion *mr)
+{
+    return mr->rom_device && mr->romd_mode;
+}
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_is_iommu: check whether a memory region is an iommu
+ *
+ * Returns %true is a memory region is an iommu.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being queried
+ */
+bool memory_region_is_iommu(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_notify_iommu: notify a change in an IOMMU translation entry.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region that was changed
+ * @entry: the new entry in the IOMMU translation table.  The entry
+ *         replaces all old entries for the same virtual I/O address range.
+ *         Deleted entries have .@perm == 0.
+ */
+void memory_region_notify_iommu(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                                IOMMUTLBEntry entry);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_register_iommu_notifier: register a notifier for changes to
+ * IOMMU translation entries.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region to observe
+ * @n: the notifier to be added; the notifier receives a pointer to an
+ *     #IOMMUTLBEntry as the opaque value; the pointer ceases to be
+ *     valid on exit from the notifier.
+ */
+void memory_region_register_iommu_notifier(MemoryRegion *mr, Notifier *n);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_unregister_iommu_notifier: unregister a notifier for
+ * changes to IOMMU translation entries.
+ *
+ * @n: the notifier to be removed.
+ */
+void memory_region_unregister_iommu_notifier(Notifier *n);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_name: get a memory region's name
+ *
+ * Returns the string that was used to initialize the memory region.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being queried
+ */
+const char *memory_region_name(const MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_is_logging: return whether a memory region is logging writes
+ *
+ * Returns %true if the memory region is logging writes for the given client
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being queried
+ * @client: the client being queried
+ */
+bool memory_region_is_logging(MemoryRegion *mr, uint8_t client);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_get_dirty_log_mask: return the clients for which a
+ * memory region is logging writes.
+ *
+ * Returns a bitmap of clients, in which the DIRTY_MEMORY_* constants
+ * are the bit indices.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being queried
+ */
+uint8_t memory_region_get_dirty_log_mask(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_is_rom: check whether a memory region is ROM
+ *
+ * Returns %true is a memory region is read-only memory.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being queried
+ */
+bool memory_region_is_rom(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_get_fd: Get a file descriptor backing a RAM memory region.
+ *
+ * Returns a file descriptor backing a file-based RAM memory region,
+ * or -1 if the region is not a file-based RAM memory region.
+ *
+ * @mr: the RAM or alias memory region being queried.
+ */
+int memory_region_get_fd(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_get_ram_ptr: Get a pointer into a RAM memory region.
+ *
+ * Returns a host pointer to a RAM memory region (created with
+ * memory_region_init_ram() or memory_region_init_ram_ptr()).  Use with
+ * care.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being queried.
+ */
+void *memory_region_get_ram_ptr(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/* memory_region_ram_resize: Resize a RAM region.
+ *
+ * Only legal before guest might have detected the memory size: e.g. on
+ * incoming migration, or right after reset.
+ *
+ * @mr: a memory region created with @memory_region_init_resizeable_ram.
+ * @newsize: the new size the region
+ * @errp: pointer to Error*, to store an error if it happens.
+ */
+void memory_region_ram_resize(MemoryRegion *mr, ram_addr_t newsize,
+                              Error **errp);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_set_log: Turn dirty logging on or off for a region.
+ *
+ * Turns dirty logging on or off for a specified client (display, migration).
+ * Only meaningful for RAM regions.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being updated.
+ * @log: whether dirty logging is to be enabled or disabled.
+ * @client: the user of the logging information; %DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA only.
+ */
+void memory_region_set_log(MemoryRegion *mr, bool log, unsigned client);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_get_dirty: Check whether a range of bytes is dirty
+ *                          for a specified client.
+ *
+ * Checks whether a range of bytes has been written to since the last
+ * call to memory_region_reset_dirty() with the same @client.  Dirty logging
+ * must be enabled.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being queried.
+ * @addr: the address (relative to the start of the region) being queried.
+ * @size: the size of the range being queried.
+ * @client: the user of the logging information; %DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION or
+ *          %DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA.
+ */
+bool memory_region_get_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
+                             hwaddr size, unsigned client);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_set_dirty: Mark a range of bytes as dirty in a memory region.
+ *
+ * Marks a range of bytes as dirty, after it has been dirtied outside
+ * guest code.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being dirtied.
+ * @addr: the address (relative to the start of the region) being dirtied.
+ * @size: size of the range being dirtied.
+ */
+void memory_region_set_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
+                             hwaddr size);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_test_and_clear_dirty: Check whether a range of bytes is dirty
+ *                                     for a specified client. It clears them.
+ *
+ * Checks whether a range of bytes has been written to since the last
+ * call to memory_region_reset_dirty() with the same @client.  Dirty logging
+ * must be enabled.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being queried.
+ * @addr: the address (relative to the start of the region) being queried.
+ * @size: the size of the range being queried.
+ * @client: the user of the logging information; %DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION or
+ *          %DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA.
+ */
+bool memory_region_test_and_clear_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
+                                        hwaddr size, unsigned client);
+/**
+ * memory_region_sync_dirty_bitmap: Synchronize a region's dirty bitmap with
+ *                                  any external TLBs (e.g. kvm)
+ *
+ * Flushes dirty information from accelerators such as kvm and vhost-net
+ * and makes it available to users of the memory API.
+ *
+ * @mr: the region being flushed.
+ */
+void memory_region_sync_dirty_bitmap(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_reset_dirty: Mark a range of pages as clean, for a specified
+ *                            client.
+ *
+ * Marks a range of pages as no longer dirty.
+ *
+ * @mr: the region being updated.
+ * @addr: the start of the subrange being cleaned.
+ * @size: the size of the subrange being cleaned.
+ * @client: the user of the logging information; %DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION or
+ *          %DIRTY_MEMORY_VGA.
+ */
+void memory_region_reset_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
+                               hwaddr size, unsigned client);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_set_readonly: Turn a memory region read-only (or read-write)
+ *
+ * Allows a memory region to be marked as read-only (turning it into a ROM).
+ * only useful on RAM regions.
+ *
+ * @mr: the region being updated.
+ * @readonly: whether rhe region is to be ROM or RAM.
+ */
+void memory_region_set_readonly(MemoryRegion *mr, bool readonly);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_rom_device_set_romd: enable/disable ROMD mode
+ *
+ * Allows a ROM device (initialized with memory_region_init_rom_device() to
+ * set to ROMD mode (default) or MMIO mode.  When it is in ROMD mode, the
+ * device is mapped to guest memory and satisfies read access directly.
+ * When in MMIO mode, reads are forwarded to the #MemoryRegion.read function.
+ * Writes are always handled by the #MemoryRegion.write function.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region to be updated
+ * @romd_mode: %true to put the region into ROMD mode
+ */
+void memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(MemoryRegion *mr, bool romd_mode);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_set_coalescing: Enable memory coalescing for the region.
+ *
+ * Enabled writes to a region to be queued for later processing. MMIO ->write
+ * callbacks may be delayed until a non-coalesced MMIO is issued.
+ * Only useful for IO regions.  Roughly similar to write-combining hardware.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region to be write coalesced
+ */
+void memory_region_set_coalescing(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_add_coalescing: Enable memory coalescing for a sub-range of
+ *                               a region.
+ *
+ * Like memory_region_set_coalescing(), but works on a sub-range of a region.
+ * Multiple calls can be issued coalesced disjoint ranges.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region to be updated.
+ * @offset: the start of the range within the region to be coalesced.
+ * @size: the size of the subrange to be coalesced.
+ */
+void memory_region_add_coalescing(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                                  hwaddr offset,
+                                  uint64_t size);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_clear_coalescing: Disable MMIO coalescing for the region.
+ *
+ * Disables any coalescing caused by memory_region_set_coalescing() or
+ * memory_region_add_coalescing().  Roughly equivalent to uncacheble memory
+ * hardware.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region to be updated.
+ */
+void memory_region_clear_coalescing(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_set_flush_coalesced: Enforce memory coalescing flush before
+ *                                    accesses.
+ *
+ * Ensure that pending coalesced MMIO request are flushed before the memory
+ * region is accessed. This property is automatically enabled for all regions
+ * passed to memory_region_set_coalescing() and memory_region_add_coalescing().
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region to be updated.
+ */
+void memory_region_set_flush_coalesced(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_clear_flush_coalesced: Disable memory coalescing flush before
+ *                                      accesses.
+ *
+ * Clear the automatic coalesced MMIO flushing enabled via
+ * memory_region_set_flush_coalesced. Note that this service has no effect on
+ * memory regions that have MMIO coalescing enabled for themselves. For them,
+ * automatic flushing will stop once coalescing is disabled.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region to be updated.
+ */
+void memory_region_clear_flush_coalesced(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_set_global_locking: Declares the access processing requires
+ *                                   QEMU's global lock.
+ *
+ * When this is invoked, accesses to the memory region will be processed while
+ * holding the global lock of QEMU. This is the default behavior of memory
+ * regions.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region to be updated.
+ */
+void memory_region_set_global_locking(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_clear_global_locking: Declares that access processing does
+ *                                     not depend on the QEMU global lock.
+ *
+ * By clearing this property, accesses to the memory region will be processed
+ * outside of QEMU's global lock (unless the lock is held on when issuing the
+ * access request). In this case, the device model implementing the access
+ * handlers is responsible for synchronization of concurrency.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region to be updated.
+ */
+void memory_region_clear_global_locking(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_add_eventfd: Request an eventfd to be triggered when a word
+ *                            is written to a location.
+ *
+ * Marks a word in an IO region (initialized with memory_region_init_io())
+ * as a trigger for an eventfd event.  The I/O callback will not be called.
+ * The caller must be prepared to handle failure (that is, take the required
+ * action if the callback _is_ called).
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being updated.
+ * @addr: the address within @mr that is to be monitored
+ * @size: the size of the access to trigger the eventfd
+ * @match_data: whether to match against @data, instead of just @addr
+ * @data: the data to match against the guest write
+ * @fd: the eventfd to be triggered when @addr, @size, and @data all match.
+ **/
+void memory_region_add_eventfd(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                               hwaddr addr,
+                               unsigned size,
+                               bool match_data,
+                               uint64_t data,
+                               EventNotifier *e);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_del_eventfd: Cancel an eventfd.
+ *
+ * Cancels an eventfd trigger requested by a previous
+ * memory_region_add_eventfd() call.
+ *
+ * @mr: the memory region being updated.
+ * @addr: the address within @mr that is to be monitored
+ * @size: the size of the access to trigger the eventfd
+ * @match_data: whether to match against @data, instead of just @addr
+ * @data: the data to match against the guest write
+ * @fd: the eventfd to be triggered when @addr, @size, and @data all match.
+ */
+void memory_region_del_eventfd(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                               hwaddr addr,
+                               unsigned size,
+                               bool match_data,
+                               uint64_t data,
+                               EventNotifier *e);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_add_subregion: Add a subregion to a container.
+ *
+ * Adds a subregion at @offset.  The subregion may not overlap with other
+ * subregions (except for those explicitly marked as overlapping).  A region
+ * may only be added once as a subregion (unless removed with
+ * memory_region_del_subregion()); use memory_region_init_alias() if you
+ * want a region to be a subregion in multiple locations.
+ *
+ * @mr: the region to contain the new subregion; must be a container
+ *      initialized with memory_region_init().
+ * @offset: the offset relative to @mr where @subregion is added.
+ * @subregion: the subregion to be added.
+ */
+void memory_region_add_subregion(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                                 hwaddr offset,
+                                 MemoryRegion *subregion);
+/**
+ * memory_region_add_subregion_overlap: Add a subregion to a container
+ *                                      with overlap.
+ *
+ * Adds a subregion at @offset.  The subregion may overlap with other
+ * subregions.  Conflicts are resolved by having a higher @priority hide a
+ * lower @priority. Subregions without priority are taken as @priority 0.
+ * A region may only be added once as a subregion (unless removed with
+ * memory_region_del_subregion()); use memory_region_init_alias() if you
+ * want a region to be a subregion in multiple locations.
+ *
+ * @mr: the region to contain the new subregion; must be a container
+ *      initialized with memory_region_init().
+ * @offset: the offset relative to @mr where @subregion is added.
+ * @subregion: the subregion to be added.
+ * @priority: used for resolving overlaps; highest priority wins.
+ */
+void memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                                         hwaddr offset,
+                                         MemoryRegion *subregion,
+                                         int priority);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_get_ram_addr: Get the ram address associated with a memory
+ *                             region
+ *
+ * DO NOT USE THIS FUNCTION.  This is a temporary workaround while the Xen
+ * code is being reworked.
+ */
+ram_addr_t memory_region_get_ram_addr(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+uint64_t memory_region_get_alignment(const MemoryRegion *mr);
+/**
+ * memory_region_del_subregion: Remove a subregion.
+ *
+ * Removes a subregion from its container.
+ *
+ * @mr: the container to be updated.
+ * @subregion: the region being removed; must be a current subregion of @mr.
+ */
+void memory_region_del_subregion(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                                 MemoryRegion *subregion);
+
+/*
+ * memory_region_set_enabled: dynamically enable or disable a region
+ *
+ * Enables or disables a memory region.  A disabled memory region
+ * ignores all accesses to itself and its subregions.  It does not
+ * obscure sibling subregions with lower priority - it simply behaves as
+ * if it was removed from the hierarchy.
+ *
+ * Regions default to being enabled.
+ *
+ * @mr: the region to be updated
+ * @enabled: whether to enable or disable the region
+ */
+void memory_region_set_enabled(MemoryRegion *mr, bool enabled);
+
+/*
+ * memory_region_set_address: dynamically update the address of a region
+ *
+ * Dynamically updates the address of a region, relative to its container.
+ * May be used on regions are currently part of a memory hierarchy.
+ *
+ * @mr: the region to be updated
+ * @addr: new address, relative to container region
+ */
+void memory_region_set_address(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr);
+
+/*
+ * memory_region_set_size: dynamically update the size of a region.
+ *
+ * Dynamically updates the size of a region.
+ *
+ * @mr: the region to be updated
+ * @size: used size of the region.
+ */
+void memory_region_set_size(MemoryRegion *mr, uint64_t size);
+
+/*
+ * memory_region_set_alias_offset: dynamically update a memory alias's offset
+ *
+ * Dynamically updates the offset into the target region that an alias points
+ * to, as if the fourth argument to memory_region_init_alias() has changed.
+ *
+ * @mr: the #MemoryRegion to be updated; should be an alias.
+ * @offset: the new offset into the target memory region
+ */
+void memory_region_set_alias_offset(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                                    hwaddr offset);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_present: checks if an address relative to a @container
+ * translates into #MemoryRegion within @container
+ *
+ * Answer whether a #MemoryRegion within @container covers the address
+ * @addr.
+ *
+ * @container: a #MemoryRegion within which @addr is a relative address
+ * @addr: the area within @container to be searched
+ */
+bool memory_region_present(MemoryRegion *container, hwaddr addr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_is_mapped: returns true if #MemoryRegion is mapped
+ * into any address space.
+ *
+ * @mr: a #MemoryRegion which should be checked if it's mapped
+ */
+bool memory_region_is_mapped(MemoryRegion *mr);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_find: translate an address/size relative to a
+ * MemoryRegion into a #MemoryRegionSection.
+ *
+ * Locates the first #MemoryRegion within @mr that overlaps the range
+ * given by @addr and @size.
+ *
+ * Returns a #MemoryRegionSection that describes a contiguous overlap.
+ * It will have the following characteristics:
+ *    .@size = 0 iff no overlap was found
+ *    .@mr is non-%NULL iff an overlap was found
+ *
+ * Remember that in the return value the @offset_within_region is
+ * relative to the returned region (in the .@mr field), not to the
+ * @mr argument.
+ *
+ * Similarly, the .@offset_within_address_space is relative to the
+ * address space that contains both regions, the passed and the
+ * returned one.  However, in the special case where the @mr argument
+ * has no container (and thus is the root of the address space), the
+ * following will hold:
+ *    .@offset_within_address_space >= @addr
+ *    .@offset_within_address_space + .@size <= @addr + @size
+ *
+ * @mr: a MemoryRegion within which @addr is a relative address
+ * @addr: start of the area within @as to be searched
+ * @size: size of the area to be searched
+ */
+MemoryRegionSection memory_region_find(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                                       hwaddr addr, uint64_t size);
+
+/**
+ * address_space_sync_dirty_bitmap: synchronize the dirty log for all memory
+ *
+ * Synchronizes the dirty page log for an entire address space.
+ * @as: the address space that contains the memory being synchronized
+ */
+void address_space_sync_dirty_bitmap(AddressSpace *as);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_transaction_begin: Start a transaction.
+ *
+ * During a transaction, changes will be accumulated and made visible
+ * only when the transaction ends (is committed).
+ */
+void memory_region_transaction_begin(void);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_transaction_commit: Commit a transaction and make changes
+ *                                   visible to the guest.
+ */
+void memory_region_transaction_commit(void);
+
+/**
+ * memory_listener_register: register callbacks to be called when memory
+ *                           sections are mapped or unmapped into an address
+ *                           space
+ *
+ * @listener: an object containing the callbacks to be called
+ * @filter: if non-%NULL, only regions in this address space will be observed
+ */
+void memory_listener_register(MemoryListener *listener, AddressSpace *filter);
+
+/**
+ * memory_listener_unregister: undo the effect of memory_listener_register()
+ *
+ * @listener: an object containing the callbacks to be removed
+ */
+void memory_listener_unregister(MemoryListener *listener);
+
+/**
+ * memory_global_dirty_log_start: begin dirty logging for all regions
+ */
+void memory_global_dirty_log_start(void);
+
+/**
+ * memory_global_dirty_log_stop: end dirty logging for all regions
+ */
+void memory_global_dirty_log_stop(void);
+
+void mtree_info(fprintf_function mon_printf, void *f);
+
+/**
+ * memory_region_dispatch_read: perform a read directly to the specified
+ * MemoryRegion.
+ *
+ * @mr: #MemoryRegion to access
+ * @addr: address within that region
+ * @pval: pointer to uint64_t which the data is written to
+ * @size: size of the access in bytes
+ * @attrs: memory transaction attributes to use for the access
+ */
+MemTxResult memory_region_dispatch_read(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                                        hwaddr addr,
+                                        uint64_t *pval,
+                                        unsigned size,
+                                        MemTxAttrs attrs);
+/**
+ * memory_region_dispatch_write: perform a write directly to the specified
+ * MemoryRegion.
+ *
+ * @mr: #MemoryRegion to access
+ * @addr: address within that region
+ * @data: data to write
+ * @size: size of the access in bytes
+ * @attrs: memory transaction attributes to use for the access
+ */
+MemTxResult memory_region_dispatch_write(MemoryRegion *mr,
+                                         hwaddr addr,
+                                         uint64_t data,
+                                         unsigned size,
+                                         MemTxAttrs attrs);
+
+/**
+ * address_space_init: initializes an address space
+ *
+ * @as: an uninitialized #AddressSpace
+ * @root: a #MemoryRegion that routes addesses for the address space
+ * @name: an address space name.  The name is only used for debugging
+ *        output.
+ */
+void address_space_init(AddressSpace *as, MemoryRegion *root, const char *name);
+
+
+/**
+ * address_space_destroy: destroy an address space
+ *
+ * Releases all resources associated with an address space.  After an address space
+ * is destroyed, its root memory region (given by address_space_init()) may be destroyed
+ * as well.
+ *
+ * @as: address space to be destroyed
+ */
+void address_space_destroy(AddressSpace *as);
+
+/**
+ * address_space_rw: read from or write to an address space.
+ *
+ * Return a MemTxResult indicating whether the operation succeeded
+ * or failed (eg unassigned memory, device rejected the transaction,
+ * IOMMU fault).
+ *
+ * @as: #AddressSpace to be accessed
+ * @addr: address within that address space
+ * @attrs: memory transaction attributes
+ * @buf: buffer with the data transferred
+ * @is_write: indicates the transfer direction
+ */
+MemTxResult address_space_rw(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
+                             MemTxAttrs attrs, uint8_t *buf,
+                             int len, bool is_write);
+
+/**
+ * address_space_write: write to address space.
+ *
+ * Return a MemTxResult indicating whether the operation succeeded
+ * or failed (eg unassigned memory, device rejected the transaction,
+ * IOMMU fault).
+ *
+ * @as: #AddressSpace to be accessed
+ * @addr: address within that address space
+ * @attrs: memory transaction attributes
+ * @buf: buffer with the data transferred
+ */
+MemTxResult address_space_write(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
+                                MemTxAttrs attrs,
+                                const uint8_t *buf, int len);
+
+/**
+ * address_space_read: read from an address space.
+ *
+ * Return a MemTxResult indicating whether the operation succeeded
+ * or failed (eg unassigned memory, device rejected the transaction,
+ * IOMMU fault).
+ *
+ * @as: #AddressSpace to be accessed
+ * @addr: address within that address space
+ * @attrs: memory transaction attributes
+ * @buf: buffer with the data transferred
+ */
+MemTxResult address_space_read(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, MemTxAttrs attrs,
+                               uint8_t *buf, int len);
+
+/**
+ * address_space_ld*: load from an address space
+ * address_space_st*: store to an address space
+ *
+ * These functions perform a load or store of the byte, word,
+ * longword or quad to the specified address within the AddressSpace.
+ * The _le suffixed functions treat the data as little endian;
+ * _be indicates big endian; no suffix indicates "same endianness
+ * as guest CPU".
+ *
+ * The "guest CPU endianness" accessors are deprecated for use outside
+ * target-* code; devices should be CPU-agnostic and use either the LE
+ * or the BE accessors.
+ *
+ * @as #AddressSpace to be accessed
+ * @addr: address within that address space
+ * @val: data value, for stores
+ * @attrs: memory transaction attributes
+ * @result: location to write the success/failure of the transaction;
+ *   if NULL, this information is discarded
+ */
+uint32_t address_space_ldub(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+uint32_t address_space_lduw_le(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+uint32_t address_space_lduw_be(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+uint32_t address_space_ldl_le(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+uint32_t address_space_ldl_be(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+uint64_t address_space_ldq_le(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+uint64_t address_space_ldq_be(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+void address_space_stb(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint32_t val,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+void address_space_stw_le(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint32_t val,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+void address_space_stw_be(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint32_t val,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+void address_space_stl_le(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint32_t val,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+void address_space_stl_be(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint32_t val,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+void address_space_stq_le(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint64_t val,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+void address_space_stq_be(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint64_t val,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+
+#ifdef NEED_CPU_H
+uint32_t address_space_lduw(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+uint32_t address_space_ldl(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+uint64_t address_space_ldq(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+void address_space_stl_notdirty(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint32_t val,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+void address_space_stw(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint32_t val,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+void address_space_stl(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint32_t val,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+void address_space_stq(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint64_t val,
+                            MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result);
+#endif
+
+/* address_space_translate: translate an address range into an address space
+ * into a MemoryRegion and an address range into that section.  Should be
+ * called from an RCU critical section, to avoid that the last reference
+ * to the returned region disappears after address_space_translate returns.
+ *
+ * @as: #AddressSpace to be accessed
+ * @addr: address within that address space
+ * @xlat: pointer to address within the returned memory region section's
+ * #MemoryRegion.
+ * @len: pointer to length
+ * @is_write: indicates the transfer direction
+ */
+MemoryRegion *address_space_translate(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
+                                      hwaddr *xlat, hwaddr *len,
+                                      bool is_write);
+
+/* address_space_access_valid: check for validity of accessing an address
+ * space range
+ *
+ * Check whether memory is assigned to the given address space range, and
+ * access is permitted by any IOMMU regions that are active for the address
+ * space.
+ *
+ * For now, addr and len should be aligned to a page size.  This limitation
+ * will be lifted in the future.
+ *
+ * @as: #AddressSpace to be accessed
+ * @addr: address within that address space
+ * @len: length of the area to be checked
+ * @is_write: indicates the transfer direction
+ */
+bool address_space_access_valid(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, int len, bool is_write);
+
+/* address_space_map: map a physical memory region into a host virtual address
+ *
+ * May map a subset of the requested range, given by and returned in @plen.
+ * May return %NULL if resources needed to perform the mapping are exhausted.
+ * Use only for reads OR writes - not for read-modify-write operations.
+ * Use cpu_register_map_client() to know when retrying the map operation is
+ * likely to succeed.
+ *
+ * @as: #AddressSpace to be accessed
+ * @addr: address within that address space
+ * @plen: pointer to length of buffer; updated on return
+ * @is_write: indicates the transfer direction
+ */
+void *address_space_map(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
+                        hwaddr *plen, bool is_write);
+
+/* address_space_unmap: Unmaps a memory region previously mapped by address_space_map()
+ *
+ * Will also mark the memory as dirty if @is_write == %true.  @access_len gives
+ * the amount of memory that was actually read or written by the caller.
+ *
+ * @as: #AddressSpace used
+ * @addr: address within that address space
+ * @len: buffer length as returned by address_space_map()
+ * @access_len: amount of data actually transferred
+ * @is_write: indicates the transfer direction
+ */
+void address_space_unmap(AddressSpace *as, void *buffer, hwaddr len,
+                         int is_write, hwaddr access_len);
+
+
+#endif
+
+#endif