Adding qemu as a submodule of KVMFORNFV

This Patch includes the changes to add qemu as a submodule to
kvmfornfv repo and make use of the updated latest qemu for the
execution of all testcase
Change-Id: I1280af507a857675c7f81d30c95255635667bdd7
Signed-off-by:RajithaY<rajithax.yerrumsetty@intel.com>

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 4296 deletions

diff --git a/qemu/blockdev.c b/qemu/blockdev.c
deleted file mode 100644
index f1f520a26..000000000
--- a/qemu/blockdev.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4296 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * QEMU host block devices
- *
- * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or
- * later.  See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
- *
- * This file incorporates work covered by the following copyright and
- * permission notice:
- *
- * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
- * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- */
-
-#include "qemu/osdep.h"
-#include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
-#include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
-#include "hw/block/block.h"
-#include "block/blockjob.h"
-#include "block/throttle-groups.h"
-#include "monitor/monitor.h"
-#include "qemu/error-report.h"
-#include "qemu/option.h"
-#include "qemu/config-file.h"
-#include "qapi/qmp/types.h"
-#include "qapi-visit.h"
-#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
-#include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
-#include "qapi/util.h"
-#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
-#include "block/block_int.h"
-#include "qmp-commands.h"
-#include "trace.h"
-#include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
-#include "qemu/cutils.h"
-#include "qemu/help_option.h"
-
-static QTAILQ_HEAD(, BlockDriverState) monitor_bdrv_states =
-    QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(monitor_bdrv_states);
-
-static const char *const if_name[IF_COUNT] = {
-    [IF_NONE] = "none",
-    [IF_IDE] = "ide",
-    [IF_SCSI] = "scsi",
-    [IF_FLOPPY] = "floppy",
-    [IF_PFLASH] = "pflash",
-    [IF_MTD] = "mtd",
-    [IF_SD] = "sd",
-    [IF_VIRTIO] = "virtio",
-    [IF_XEN] = "xen",
-};
-
-static int if_max_devs[IF_COUNT] = {
-    /*
-     * Do not change these numbers!  They govern how drive option
-     * index maps to unit and bus.  That mapping is ABI.
-     *
-     * All controllers used to imlement if=T drives need to support
-     * if_max_devs[T] units, for any T with if_max_devs[T] != 0.
-     * Otherwise, some index values map to "impossible" bus, unit
-     * values.
-     *
-     * For instance, if you change [IF_SCSI] to 255, -drive
-     * if=scsi,index=12 no longer means bus=1,unit=5, but
-     * bus=0,unit=12.  With an lsi53c895a controller (7 units max),
-     * the drive can't be set up.  Regression.
-     */
-    [IF_IDE] = 2,
-    [IF_SCSI] = 7,
-};
-
-/**
- * Boards may call this to offer board-by-board overrides
- * of the default, global values.
- */
-void override_max_devs(BlockInterfaceType type, int max_devs)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    DriveInfo *dinfo;
-
-    if (max_devs <= 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    for (blk = blk_next(NULL); blk; blk = blk_next(blk)) {
-        dinfo = blk_legacy_dinfo(blk);
-        if (dinfo->type == type) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Cannot override units-per-bus property of"
-                    " the %s interface, because a drive of that type has"
-                    " already been added.\n", if_name[type]);
-            g_assert_not_reached();
-        }
-    }
-
-    if_max_devs[type] = max_devs;
-}
-
-/*
- * We automatically delete the drive when a device using it gets
- * unplugged.  Questionable feature, but we can't just drop it.
- * Device models call blockdev_mark_auto_del() to schedule the
- * automatic deletion, and generic qdev code calls blockdev_auto_del()
- * when deletion is actually safe.
- */
-void blockdev_mark_auto_del(BlockBackend *blk)
-{
-    DriveInfo *dinfo = blk_legacy_dinfo(blk);
-    BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-
-    if (!dinfo) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (bs) {
-        aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
-        aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-        if (bs->job) {
-            block_job_cancel(bs->job);
-        }
-
-        aio_context_release(aio_context);
-    }
-
-    dinfo->auto_del = 1;
-}
-
-void blockdev_auto_del(BlockBackend *blk)
-{
-    DriveInfo *dinfo = blk_legacy_dinfo(blk);
-
-    if (dinfo && dinfo->auto_del) {
-        monitor_remove_blk(blk);
-        blk_unref(blk);
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Returns the current mapping of how many units per bus
- * a particular interface can support.
- *
- *  A positive integer indicates n units per bus.
- *  0 implies the mapping has not been established.
- * -1 indicates an invalid BlockInterfaceType was given.
- */
-int drive_get_max_devs(BlockInterfaceType type)
-{
-    if (type >= IF_IDE && type < IF_COUNT) {
-        return if_max_devs[type];
-    }
-
-    return -1;
-}
-
-static int drive_index_to_bus_id(BlockInterfaceType type, int index)
-{
-    int max_devs = if_max_devs[type];
-    return max_devs ? index / max_devs : 0;
-}
-
-static int drive_index_to_unit_id(BlockInterfaceType type, int index)
-{
-    int max_devs = if_max_devs[type];
-    return max_devs ? index % max_devs : index;
-}
-
-QemuOpts *drive_def(const char *optstr)
-{
-    return qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("drive"), optstr, false);
-}
-
-QemuOpts *drive_add(BlockInterfaceType type, int index, const char *file,
-                    const char *optstr)
-{
-    QemuOpts *opts;
-
-    opts = drive_def(optstr);
-    if (!opts) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    if (type != IF_DEFAULT) {
-        qemu_opt_set(opts, "if", if_name[type], &error_abort);
-    }
-    if (index >= 0) {
-        qemu_opt_set_number(opts, "index", index, &error_abort);
-    }
-    if (file)
-        qemu_opt_set(opts, "file", file, &error_abort);
-    return opts;
-}
-
-DriveInfo *drive_get(BlockInterfaceType type, int bus, int unit)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    DriveInfo *dinfo;
-
-    for (blk = blk_next(NULL); blk; blk = blk_next(blk)) {
-        dinfo = blk_legacy_dinfo(blk);
-        if (dinfo && dinfo->type == type
-            && dinfo->bus == bus && dinfo->unit == unit) {
-            return dinfo;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-bool drive_check_orphaned(void)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    DriveInfo *dinfo;
-    bool rs = false;
-
-    for (blk = blk_next(NULL); blk; blk = blk_next(blk)) {
-        dinfo = blk_legacy_dinfo(blk);
-        /* If dinfo->bdrv->dev is NULL, it has no device attached. */
-        /* Unless this is a default drive, this may be an oversight. */
-        if (!blk_get_attached_dev(blk) && !dinfo->is_default &&
-            dinfo->type != IF_NONE) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Orphaned drive without device: "
-                    "id=%s,file=%s,if=%s,bus=%d,unit=%d\n",
-                    blk_name(blk), blk_bs(blk) ? blk_bs(blk)->filename : "",
-                    if_name[dinfo->type], dinfo->bus, dinfo->unit);
-            rs = true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return rs;
-}
-
-DriveInfo *drive_get_by_index(BlockInterfaceType type, int index)
-{
-    return drive_get(type,
-                     drive_index_to_bus_id(type, index),
-                     drive_index_to_unit_id(type, index));
-}
-
-int drive_get_max_bus(BlockInterfaceType type)
-{
-    int max_bus;
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    DriveInfo *dinfo;
-
-    max_bus = -1;
-    for (blk = blk_next(NULL); blk; blk = blk_next(blk)) {
-        dinfo = blk_legacy_dinfo(blk);
-        if (dinfo && dinfo->type == type && dinfo->bus > max_bus) {
-            max_bus = dinfo->bus;
-        }
-    }
-    return max_bus;
-}
-
-/* Get a block device.  This should only be used for single-drive devices
-   (e.g. SD/Floppy/MTD).  Multi-disk devices (scsi/ide) should use the
-   appropriate bus.  */
-DriveInfo *drive_get_next(BlockInterfaceType type)
-{
-    static int next_block_unit[IF_COUNT];
-
-    return drive_get(type, 0, next_block_unit[type]++);
-}
-
-static void bdrv_format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
-{
-    error_printf(" %s", name);
-}
-
-typedef struct {
-    QEMUBH *bh;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-} BDRVPutRefBH;
-
-static int parse_block_error_action(const char *buf, bool is_read, Error **errp)
-{
-    if (!strcmp(buf, "ignore")) {
-        return BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_IGNORE;
-    } else if (!is_read && !strcmp(buf, "enospc")) {
-        return BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_ENOSPC;
-    } else if (!strcmp(buf, "stop")) {
-        return BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_STOP;
-    } else if (!strcmp(buf, "report")) {
-        return BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
-    } else {
-        error_setg(errp, "'%s' invalid %s error action",
-                   buf, is_read ? "read" : "write");
-        return -1;
-    }
-}
-
-static bool parse_stats_intervals(BlockAcctStats *stats, QList *intervals,
-                                  Error **errp)
-{
-    const QListEntry *entry;
-    for (entry = qlist_first(intervals); entry; entry = qlist_next(entry)) {
-        switch (qobject_type(entry->value)) {
-
-        case QTYPE_QSTRING: {
-            unsigned long long length;
-            const char *str = qstring_get_str(qobject_to_qstring(entry->value));
-            if (parse_uint_full(str, &length, 10) == 0 &&
-                length > 0 && length <= UINT_MAX) {
-                block_acct_add_interval(stats, (unsigned) length);
-            } else {
-                error_setg(errp, "Invalid interval length: %s", str);
-                return false;
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case QTYPE_QINT: {
-            int64_t length = qint_get_int(qobject_to_qint(entry->value));
-            if (length > 0 && length <= UINT_MAX) {
-                block_acct_add_interval(stats, (unsigned) length);
-            } else {
-                error_setg(errp, "Invalid interval length: %" PRId64, length);
-                return false;
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-
-        default:
-            error_setg(errp, "The specification of stats-intervals is invalid");
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-typedef enum { MEDIA_DISK, MEDIA_CDROM } DriveMediaType;
-
-/* All parameters but @opts are optional and may be set to NULL. */
-static void extract_common_blockdev_options(QemuOpts *opts, int *bdrv_flags,
-    const char **throttling_group, ThrottleConfig *throttle_cfg,
-    BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions *detect_zeroes, Error **errp)
-{
-    const char *discard;
-    Error *local_error = NULL;
-    const char *aio;
-
-    if (bdrv_flags) {
-        if (!qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "read-only", false)) {
-            *bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
-        }
-        if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "copy-on-read", false)) {
-            *bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ;
-        }
-
-        if ((discard = qemu_opt_get(opts, "discard")) != NULL) {
-            if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(discard, bdrv_flags) != 0) {
-                error_setg(errp, "Invalid discard option");
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if ((aio = qemu_opt_get(opts, "aio")) != NULL) {
-            if (!strcmp(aio, "native")) {
-                *bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
-            } else if (!strcmp(aio, "threads")) {
-                /* this is the default */
-            } else {
-               error_setg(errp, "invalid aio option");
-               return;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* disk I/O throttling */
-    if (throttling_group) {
-        *throttling_group = qemu_opt_get(opts, "throttling.group");
-    }
-
-    if (throttle_cfg) {
-        throttle_config_init(throttle_cfg);
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_TOTAL].avg =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-total", 0);
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_READ].avg  =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-read", 0);
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_WRITE].avg =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-write", 0);
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_TOTAL].avg =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-total", 0);
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_READ].avg =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-read", 0);
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_WRITE].avg =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-write", 0);
-
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_TOTAL].max =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-total-max", 0);
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_READ].max  =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-read-max", 0);
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_WRITE].max =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-write-max", 0);
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_TOTAL].max =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-total-max", 0);
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_READ].max =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-read-max", 0);
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_WRITE].max =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-write-max", 0);
-
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_TOTAL].burst_length =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-total-max-length", 1);
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_READ].burst_length  =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-read-max-length", 1);
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_WRITE].burst_length =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-write-max-length", 1);
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_TOTAL].burst_length =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-total-max-length", 1);
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_READ].burst_length =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-read-max-length", 1);
-        throttle_cfg->buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_WRITE].burst_length =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-write-max-length", 1);
-
-        throttle_cfg->op_size =
-            qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-size", 0);
-
-        if (!throttle_is_valid(throttle_cfg, errp)) {
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (detect_zeroes) {
-        *detect_zeroes =
-            qapi_enum_parse(BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions_lookup,
-                            qemu_opt_get(opts, "detect-zeroes"),
-                            BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS__MAX,
-                            BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF,
-                            &local_error);
-        if (local_error) {
-            error_propagate(errp, local_error);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (bdrv_flags &&
-            *detect_zeroes == BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_UNMAP &&
-            !(*bdrv_flags & BDRV_O_UNMAP))
-        {
-            error_setg(errp, "setting detect-zeroes to unmap is not allowed "
-                             "without setting discard operation to unmap");
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/* Takes the ownership of bs_opts */
-static BlockBackend *blockdev_init(const char *file, QDict *bs_opts,
-                                   Error **errp)
-{
-    const char *buf;
-    int bdrv_flags = 0;
-    int on_read_error, on_write_error;
-    bool account_invalid, account_failed;
-    bool writethrough;
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    ThrottleConfig cfg;
-    int snapshot = 0;
-    Error *error = NULL;
-    QemuOpts *opts;
-    QDict *interval_dict = NULL;
-    QList *interval_list = NULL;
-    const char *id;
-    BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions detect_zeroes =
-        BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF;
-    const char *throttling_group = NULL;
-
-    /* Check common options by copying from bs_opts to opts, all other options
-     * stay in bs_opts for processing by bdrv_open(). */
-    id = qdict_get_try_str(bs_opts, "id");
-    opts = qemu_opts_create(&qemu_common_drive_opts, id, 1, &error);
-    if (error) {
-        error_propagate(errp, error);
-        goto err_no_opts;
-    }
-
-    qemu_opts_absorb_qdict(opts, bs_opts, &error);
-    if (error) {
-        error_propagate(errp, error);
-        goto early_err;
-    }
-
-    if (id) {
-        qdict_del(bs_opts, "id");
-    }
-
-    /* extract parameters */
-    snapshot = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "snapshot", 0);
-
-    account_invalid = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "stats-account-invalid", true);
-    account_failed = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "stats-account-failed", true);
-
-    writethrough = !qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_WB, true);
-
-    qdict_extract_subqdict(bs_opts, &interval_dict, "stats-intervals.");
-    qdict_array_split(interval_dict, &interval_list);
-
-    if (qdict_size(interval_dict) != 0) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Invalid option stats-intervals.%s",
-                   qdict_first(interval_dict)->key);
-        goto early_err;
-    }
-
-    extract_common_blockdev_options(opts, &bdrv_flags, &throttling_group, &cfg,
-                                    &detect_zeroes, &error);
-    if (error) {
-        error_propagate(errp, error);
-        goto early_err;
-    }
-
-    if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "format")) != NULL) {
-        if (is_help_option(buf)) {
-            error_printf("Supported formats:");
-            bdrv_iterate_format(bdrv_format_print, NULL);
-            error_printf("\n");
-            goto early_err;
-        }
-
-        if (qdict_haskey(bs_opts, "driver")) {
-            error_setg(errp, "Cannot specify both 'driver' and 'format'");
-            goto early_err;
-        }
-        qdict_put(bs_opts, "driver", qstring_from_str(buf));
-    }
-
-    on_write_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_ENOSPC;
-    if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "werror")) != NULL) {
-        on_write_error = parse_block_error_action(buf, 0, &error);
-        if (error) {
-            error_propagate(errp, error);
-            goto early_err;
-        }
-    }
-
-    on_read_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
-    if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "rerror")) != NULL) {
-        on_read_error = parse_block_error_action(buf, 1, &error);
-        if (error) {
-            error_propagate(errp, error);
-            goto early_err;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (snapshot) {
-        bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
-    }
-
-    /* init */
-    if ((!file || !*file) && !qdict_size(bs_opts)) {
-        BlockBackendRootState *blk_rs;
-
-        blk = blk_new(errp);
-        if (!blk) {
-            goto early_err;
-        }
-
-        blk_rs = blk_get_root_state(blk);
-        blk_rs->open_flags    = bdrv_flags;
-        blk_rs->read_only     = !(bdrv_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR);
-        blk_rs->detect_zeroes = detect_zeroes;
-
-        if (throttle_enabled(&cfg)) {
-            if (!throttling_group) {
-                throttling_group = blk_name(blk);
-            }
-            blk_rs->throttle_group = g_strdup(throttling_group);
-            blk_rs->throttle_state = throttle_group_incref(throttling_group);
-            blk_rs->throttle_state->cfg = cfg;
-        }
-
-        QDECREF(bs_opts);
-    } else {
-        if (file && !*file) {
-            file = NULL;
-        }
-
-        /* bdrv_open() defaults to the values in bdrv_flags (for compatibility
-         * with other callers) rather than what we want as the real defaults.
-         * Apply the defaults here instead. */
-        qdict_set_default_str(bs_opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_DIRECT, "off");
-        qdict_set_default_str(bs_opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_NO_FLUSH, "off");
-        assert((bdrv_flags & BDRV_O_CACHE_MASK) == 0);
-
-        if (runstate_check(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE)) {
-            bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_INACTIVE;
-        }
-
-        blk = blk_new_open(file, NULL, bs_opts, bdrv_flags, errp);
-        if (!blk) {
-            goto err_no_bs_opts;
-        }
-        bs = blk_bs(blk);
-
-        bs->detect_zeroes = detect_zeroes;
-
-        /* disk I/O throttling */
-        if (throttle_enabled(&cfg)) {
-            if (!throttling_group) {
-                throttling_group = blk_name(blk);
-            }
-            bdrv_io_limits_enable(bs, throttling_group);
-            bdrv_set_io_limits(bs, &cfg);
-        }
-
-        if (bdrv_key_required(bs)) {
-            autostart = 0;
-        }
-
-        block_acct_init(blk_get_stats(blk), account_invalid, account_failed);
-
-        if (!parse_stats_intervals(blk_get_stats(blk), interval_list, errp)) {
-            blk_unref(blk);
-            blk = NULL;
-            goto err_no_bs_opts;
-        }
-    }
-
-    blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
-    blk_set_on_error(blk, on_read_error, on_write_error);
-
-    if (!monitor_add_blk(blk, qemu_opts_id(opts), errp)) {
-        blk_unref(blk);
-        blk = NULL;
-        goto err_no_bs_opts;
-    }
-
-err_no_bs_opts:
-    qemu_opts_del(opts);
-    QDECREF(interval_dict);
-    QDECREF(interval_list);
-    return blk;
-
-early_err:
-    qemu_opts_del(opts);
-    QDECREF(interval_dict);
-    QDECREF(interval_list);
-err_no_opts:
-    QDECREF(bs_opts);
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-static QemuOptsList qemu_root_bds_opts;
-
-/* Takes the ownership of bs_opts */
-static BlockDriverState *bds_tree_init(QDict *bs_opts, Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    QemuOpts *opts;
-    Error *local_error = NULL;
-    BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions detect_zeroes;
-    int ret;
-    int bdrv_flags = 0;
-
-    opts = qemu_opts_create(&qemu_root_bds_opts, NULL, 1, errp);
-    if (!opts) {
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    qemu_opts_absorb_qdict(opts, bs_opts, &local_error);
-    if (local_error) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_error);
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    extract_common_blockdev_options(opts, &bdrv_flags, NULL, NULL,
-                                    &detect_zeroes, &local_error);
-    if (local_error) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_error);
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    /* bdrv_open() defaults to the values in bdrv_flags (for compatibility
-     * with other callers) rather than what we want as the real defaults.
-     * Apply the defaults here instead. */
-    qdict_set_default_str(bs_opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_DIRECT, "off");
-    qdict_set_default_str(bs_opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_NO_FLUSH, "off");
-
-    if (runstate_check(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE)) {
-        bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_INACTIVE;
-    }
-
-    bs = NULL;
-    ret = bdrv_open(&bs, NULL, NULL, bs_opts, bdrv_flags, errp);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        goto fail_no_bs_opts;
-    }
-
-    bs->detect_zeroes = detect_zeroes;
-
-fail_no_bs_opts:
-    qemu_opts_del(opts);
-    return bs;
-
-fail:
-    qemu_opts_del(opts);
-    QDECREF(bs_opts);
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-void blockdev_close_all_bdrv_states(void)
-{
-    BlockDriverState *bs, *next_bs;
-
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(bs, &monitor_bdrv_states, monitor_list, next_bs) {
-        AioContext *ctx = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
-
-        aio_context_acquire(ctx);
-        bdrv_unref(bs);
-        aio_context_release(ctx);
-    }
-}
-
-/* Iterates over the list of monitor-owned BlockDriverStates */
-BlockDriverState *bdrv_next_monitor_owned(BlockDriverState *bs)
-{
-    return bs ? QTAILQ_NEXT(bs, monitor_list)
-              : QTAILQ_FIRST(&monitor_bdrv_states);
-}
-
-static void qemu_opt_rename(QemuOpts *opts, const char *from, const char *to,
-                            Error **errp)
-{
-    const char *value;
-
-    value = qemu_opt_get(opts, from);
-    if (value) {
-        if (qemu_opt_find(opts, to)) {
-            error_setg(errp, "'%s' and its alias '%s' can't be used at the "
-                       "same time", to, from);
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* rename all items in opts */
-    while ((value = qemu_opt_get(opts, from))) {
-        qemu_opt_set(opts, to, value, &error_abort);
-        qemu_opt_unset(opts, from);
-    }
-}
-
-QemuOptsList qemu_legacy_drive_opts = {
-    .name = "drive",
-    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_legacy_drive_opts.head),
-    .desc = {
-        {
-            .name = "bus",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "bus number",
-        },{
-            .name = "unit",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "unit number (i.e. lun for scsi)",
-        },{
-            .name = "index",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "index number",
-        },{
-            .name = "media",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "media type (disk, cdrom)",
-        },{
-            .name = "if",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "interface (ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio)",
-        },{
-            .name = "cyls",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "number of cylinders (ide disk geometry)",
-        },{
-            .name = "heads",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "number of heads (ide disk geometry)",
-        },{
-            .name = "secs",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "number of sectors (ide disk geometry)",
-        },{
-            .name = "trans",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "chs translation (auto, lba, none)",
-        },{
-            .name = "boot",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
-            .help = "(deprecated, ignored)",
-        },{
-            .name = "addr",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "pci address (virtio only)",
-        },{
-            .name = "serial",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "disk serial number",
-        },{
-            .name = "file",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "file name",
-        },
-
-        /* Options that are passed on, but have special semantics with -drive */
-        {
-            .name = "read-only",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
-            .help = "open drive file as read-only",
-        },{
-            .name = "rerror",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "read error action",
-        },{
-            .name = "werror",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "write error action",
-        },{
-            .name = "copy-on-read",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
-            .help = "copy read data from backing file into image file",
-        },
-
-        { /* end of list */ }
-    },
-};
-
-DriveInfo *drive_new(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
-{
-    const char *value;
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    DriveInfo *dinfo = NULL;
-    QDict *bs_opts;
-    QemuOpts *legacy_opts;
-    DriveMediaType media = MEDIA_DISK;
-    BlockInterfaceType type;
-    int cyls, heads, secs, translation;
-    int max_devs, bus_id, unit_id, index;
-    const char *devaddr;
-    const char *werror, *rerror;
-    bool read_only = false;
-    bool copy_on_read;
-    const char *serial;
-    const char *filename;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-    int i;
-
-    /* Change legacy command line options into QMP ones */
-    static const struct {
-        const char *from;
-        const char *to;
-    } opt_renames[] = {
-        { "iops",           "throttling.iops-total" },
-        { "iops_rd",        "throttling.iops-read" },
-        { "iops_wr",        "throttling.iops-write" },
-
-        { "bps",            "throttling.bps-total" },
-        { "bps_rd",         "throttling.bps-read" },
-        { "bps_wr",         "throttling.bps-write" },
-
-        { "iops_max",       "throttling.iops-total-max" },
-        { "iops_rd_max",    "throttling.iops-read-max" },
-        { "iops_wr_max",    "throttling.iops-write-max" },
-
-        { "bps_max",        "throttling.bps-total-max" },
-        { "bps_rd_max",     "throttling.bps-read-max" },
-        { "bps_wr_max",     "throttling.bps-write-max" },
-
-        { "iops_size",      "throttling.iops-size" },
-
-        { "group",          "throttling.group" },
-
-        { "readonly",       "read-only" },
-    };
-
-    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(opt_renames); i++) {
-        qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, opt_renames[i].from, opt_renames[i].to,
-                        &local_err);
-        if (local_err) {
-            error_report_err(local_err);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-    }
-
-    value = qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache");
-    if (value) {
-        int flags = 0;
-        bool writethrough;
-
-        if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(value, &flags, &writethrough) != 0) {
-            error_report("invalid cache option");
-            return NULL;
-        }
-
-        /* Specific options take precedence */
-        if (!qemu_opt_get(all_opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_WB)) {
-            qemu_opt_set_bool(all_opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_WB,
-                              !writethrough, &error_abort);
-        }
-        if (!qemu_opt_get(all_opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_DIRECT)) {
-            qemu_opt_set_bool(all_opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_DIRECT,
-                              !!(flags & BDRV_O_NOCACHE), &error_abort);
-        }
-        if (!qemu_opt_get(all_opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_NO_FLUSH)) {
-            qemu_opt_set_bool(all_opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_NO_FLUSH,
-                              !!(flags & BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH), &error_abort);
-        }
-        qemu_opt_unset(all_opts, "cache");
-    }
-
-    /* Get a QDict for processing the options */
-    bs_opts = qdict_new();
-    qemu_opts_to_qdict(all_opts, bs_opts);
-
-    legacy_opts = qemu_opts_create(&qemu_legacy_drive_opts, NULL, 0,
-                                   &error_abort);
-    qemu_opts_absorb_qdict(legacy_opts, bs_opts, &local_err);
-    if (local_err) {
-        error_report_err(local_err);
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    /* Deprecated option boot=[on|off] */
-    if (qemu_opt_get(legacy_opts, "boot") != NULL) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "qemu-kvm: boot=on|off is deprecated and will be "
-                "ignored. Future versions will reject this parameter. Please "
-                "update your scripts.\n");
-    }
-
-    /* Media type */
-    value = qemu_opt_get(legacy_opts, "media");
-    if (value) {
-        if (!strcmp(value, "disk")) {
-            media = MEDIA_DISK;
-        } else if (!strcmp(value, "cdrom")) {
-            media = MEDIA_CDROM;
-            read_only = true;
-        } else {
-            error_report("'%s' invalid media", value);
-            goto fail;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* copy-on-read is disabled with a warning for read-only devices */
-    read_only |= qemu_opt_get_bool(legacy_opts, "read-only", false);
-    copy_on_read = qemu_opt_get_bool(legacy_opts, "copy-on-read", false);
-
-    if (read_only && copy_on_read) {
-        error_report("warning: disabling copy-on-read on read-only drive");
-        copy_on_read = false;
-    }
-
-    qdict_put(bs_opts, "read-only",
-              qstring_from_str(read_only ? "on" : "off"));
-    qdict_put(bs_opts, "copy-on-read",
-              qstring_from_str(copy_on_read ? "on" :"off"));
-
-    /* Controller type */
-    value = qemu_opt_get(legacy_opts, "if");
-    if (value) {
-        for (type = 0;
-             type < IF_COUNT && strcmp(value, if_name[type]);
-             type++) {
-        }
-        if (type == IF_COUNT) {
-            error_report("unsupported bus type '%s'", value);
-            goto fail;
-        }
-    } else {
-        type = block_default_type;
-    }
-
-    /* Geometry */
-    cyls  = qemu_opt_get_number(legacy_opts, "cyls", 0);
-    heads = qemu_opt_get_number(legacy_opts, "heads", 0);
-    secs  = qemu_opt_get_number(legacy_opts, "secs", 0);
-
-    if (cyls || heads || secs) {
-        if (cyls < 1) {
-            error_report("invalid physical cyls number");
-            goto fail;
-        }
-        if (heads < 1) {
-            error_report("invalid physical heads number");
-            goto fail;
-        }
-        if (secs < 1) {
-            error_report("invalid physical secs number");
-            goto fail;
-        }
-    }
-
-    translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO;
-    value = qemu_opt_get(legacy_opts, "trans");
-    if (value != NULL) {
-        if (!cyls) {
-            error_report("'%s' trans must be used with cyls, heads and secs",
-                         value);
-            goto fail;
-        }
-        if (!strcmp(value, "none")) {
-            translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_NONE;
-        } else if (!strcmp(value, "lba")) {
-            translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_LBA;
-        } else if (!strcmp(value, "large")) {
-            translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_LARGE;
-        } else if (!strcmp(value, "rechs")) {
-            translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_RECHS;
-        } else if (!strcmp(value, "auto")) {
-            translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO;
-        } else {
-            error_report("'%s' invalid translation type", value);
-            goto fail;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (media == MEDIA_CDROM) {
-        if (cyls || secs || heads) {
-            error_report("CHS can't be set with media=cdrom");
-            goto fail;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* Device address specified by bus/unit or index.
-     * If none was specified, try to find the first free one. */
-    bus_id  = qemu_opt_get_number(legacy_opts, "bus", 0);
-    unit_id = qemu_opt_get_number(legacy_opts, "unit", -1);
-    index   = qemu_opt_get_number(legacy_opts, "index", -1);
-
-    max_devs = if_max_devs[type];
-
-    if (index != -1) {
-        if (bus_id != 0 || unit_id != -1) {
-            error_report("index cannot be used with bus and unit");
-            goto fail;
-        }
-        bus_id = drive_index_to_bus_id(type, index);
-        unit_id = drive_index_to_unit_id(type, index);
-    }
-
-    if (unit_id == -1) {
-       unit_id = 0;
-       while (drive_get(type, bus_id, unit_id) != NULL) {
-           unit_id++;
-           if (max_devs && unit_id >= max_devs) {
-               unit_id -= max_devs;
-               bus_id++;
-           }
-       }
-    }
-
-    if (max_devs && unit_id >= max_devs) {
-        error_report("unit %d too big (max is %d)", unit_id, max_devs - 1);
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    if (drive_get(type, bus_id, unit_id) != NULL) {
-        error_report("drive with bus=%d, unit=%d (index=%d) exists",
-                     bus_id, unit_id, index);
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    /* Serial number */
-    serial = qemu_opt_get(legacy_opts, "serial");
-
-    /* no id supplied -> create one */
-    if (qemu_opts_id(all_opts) == NULL) {
-        char *new_id;
-        const char *mediastr = "";
-        if (type == IF_IDE || type == IF_SCSI) {
-            mediastr = (media == MEDIA_CDROM) ? "-cd" : "-hd";
-        }
-        if (max_devs) {
-            new_id = g_strdup_printf("%s%i%s%i", if_name[type], bus_id,
-                                     mediastr, unit_id);
-        } else {
-            new_id = g_strdup_printf("%s%s%i", if_name[type],
-                                     mediastr, unit_id);
-        }
-        qdict_put(bs_opts, "id", qstring_from_str(new_id));
-        g_free(new_id);
-    }
-
-    /* Add virtio block device */
-    devaddr = qemu_opt_get(legacy_opts, "addr");
-    if (devaddr && type != IF_VIRTIO) {
-        error_report("addr is not supported by this bus type");
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    if (type == IF_VIRTIO) {
-        QemuOpts *devopts;
-        devopts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), NULL, 0,
-                                   &error_abort);
-        if (arch_type == QEMU_ARCH_S390X) {
-            qemu_opt_set(devopts, "driver", "virtio-blk-ccw", &error_abort);
-        } else {
-            qemu_opt_set(devopts, "driver", "virtio-blk-pci", &error_abort);
-        }
-        qemu_opt_set(devopts, "drive", qdict_get_str(bs_opts, "id"),
-                     &error_abort);
-        if (devaddr) {
-            qemu_opt_set(devopts, "addr", devaddr, &error_abort);
-        }
-    }
-
-    filename = qemu_opt_get(legacy_opts, "file");
-
-    /* Check werror/rerror compatibility with if=... */
-    werror = qemu_opt_get(legacy_opts, "werror");
-    if (werror != NULL) {
-        if (type != IF_IDE && type != IF_SCSI && type != IF_VIRTIO &&
-            type != IF_NONE) {
-            error_report("werror is not supported by this bus type");
-            goto fail;
-        }
-        qdict_put(bs_opts, "werror", qstring_from_str(werror));
-    }
-
-    rerror = qemu_opt_get(legacy_opts, "rerror");
-    if (rerror != NULL) {
-        if (type != IF_IDE && type != IF_VIRTIO && type != IF_SCSI &&
-            type != IF_NONE) {
-            error_report("rerror is not supported by this bus type");
-            goto fail;
-        }
-        qdict_put(bs_opts, "rerror", qstring_from_str(rerror));
-    }
-
-    /* Actual block device init: Functionality shared with blockdev-add */
-    blk = blockdev_init(filename, bs_opts, &local_err);
-    bs_opts = NULL;
-    if (!blk) {
-        if (local_err) {
-            error_report_err(local_err);
-        }
-        goto fail;
-    } else {
-        assert(!local_err);
-    }
-
-    /* Create legacy DriveInfo */
-    dinfo = g_malloc0(sizeof(*dinfo));
-    dinfo->opts = all_opts;
-
-    dinfo->cyls = cyls;
-    dinfo->heads = heads;
-    dinfo->secs = secs;
-    dinfo->trans = translation;
-
-    dinfo->type = type;
-    dinfo->bus = bus_id;
-    dinfo->unit = unit_id;
-    dinfo->devaddr = devaddr;
-    dinfo->serial = g_strdup(serial);
-
-    blk_set_legacy_dinfo(blk, dinfo);
-
-    switch(type) {
-    case IF_IDE:
-    case IF_SCSI:
-    case IF_XEN:
-    case IF_NONE:
-        dinfo->media_cd = media == MEDIA_CDROM;
-        break;
-    default:
-        break;
-    }
-
-fail:
-    qemu_opts_del(legacy_opts);
-    QDECREF(bs_opts);
-    return dinfo;
-}
-
-void hmp_commit(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
-{
-    const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    int ret;
-
-    if (!strcmp(device, "all")) {
-        ret = blk_commit_all();
-    } else {
-        BlockDriverState *bs;
-        AioContext *aio_context;
-
-        blk = blk_by_name(device);
-        if (!blk) {
-            monitor_printf(mon, "Device '%s' not found\n", device);
-            return;
-        }
-        if (!blk_is_available(blk)) {
-            monitor_printf(mon, "Device '%s' has no medium\n", device);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        bs = blk_bs(blk);
-        aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
-        aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-        ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
-
-        aio_context_release(aio_context);
-    }
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        monitor_printf(mon, "'commit' error for '%s': %s\n", device,
-                       strerror(-ret));
-    }
-}
-
-static void blockdev_do_action(TransactionAction *action, Error **errp)
-{
-    TransactionActionList list;
-
-    list.value = action;
-    list.next = NULL;
-    qmp_transaction(&list, false, NULL, errp);
-}
-
-void qmp_blockdev_snapshot_sync(bool has_device, const char *device,
-                                bool has_node_name, const char *node_name,
-                                const char *snapshot_file,
-                                bool has_snapshot_node_name,
-                                const char *snapshot_node_name,
-                                bool has_format, const char *format,
-                                bool has_mode, NewImageMode mode, Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockdevSnapshotSync snapshot = {
-        .has_device = has_device,
-        .device = (char *) device,
-        .has_node_name = has_node_name,
-        .node_name = (char *) node_name,
-        .snapshot_file = (char *) snapshot_file,
-        .has_snapshot_node_name = has_snapshot_node_name,
-        .snapshot_node_name = (char *) snapshot_node_name,
-        .has_format = has_format,
-        .format = (char *) format,
-        .has_mode = has_mode,
-        .mode = mode,
-    };
-    TransactionAction action = {
-        .type = TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_SYNC,
-        .u.blockdev_snapshot_sync.data = &snapshot,
-    };
-    blockdev_do_action(&action, errp);
-}
-
-void qmp_blockdev_snapshot(const char *node, const char *overlay,
-                           Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockdevSnapshot snapshot_data = {
-        .node = (char *) node,
-        .overlay = (char *) overlay
-    };
-    TransactionAction action = {
-        .type = TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT,
-        .u.blockdev_snapshot.data = &snapshot_data,
-    };
-    blockdev_do_action(&action, errp);
-}
-
-void qmp_blockdev_snapshot_internal_sync(const char *device,
-                                         const char *name,
-                                         Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockdevSnapshotInternal snapshot = {
-        .device = (char *) device,
-        .name = (char *) name
-    };
-    TransactionAction action = {
-        .type = TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL_SYNC,
-        .u.blockdev_snapshot_internal_sync.data = &snapshot,
-    };
-    blockdev_do_action(&action, errp);
-}
-
-SnapshotInfo *qmp_blockdev_snapshot_delete_internal_sync(const char *device,
-                                                         bool has_id,
-                                                         const char *id,
-                                                         bool has_name,
-                                                         const char *name,
-                                                         Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-    SnapshotInfo *info = NULL;
-    int ret;
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
-                  "Device '%s' not found", device);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-    if (!has_id) {
-        id = NULL;
-    }
-
-    if (!has_name) {
-        name = NULL;
-    }
-
-    if (!id && !name) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Name or id must be provided");
-        goto out_aio_context;
-    }
-
-    if (!blk_is_available(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' has no medium", device);
-        goto out_aio_context;
-    }
-    bs = blk_bs(blk);
-
-    if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(bs, BLOCK_OP_TYPE_INTERNAL_SNAPSHOT_DELETE, errp)) {
-        goto out_aio_context;
-    }
-
-    ret = bdrv_snapshot_find_by_id_and_name(bs, id, name, &sn, &local_err);
-    if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        goto out_aio_context;
-    }
-    if (!ret) {
-        error_setg(errp,
-                   "Snapshot with id '%s' and name '%s' does not exist on "
-                   "device '%s'",
-                   STR_OR_NULL(id), STR_OR_NULL(name), device);
-        goto out_aio_context;
-    }
-
-    bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, id, name, &local_err);
-    if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        goto out_aio_context;
-    }
-
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-
-    info = g_new0(SnapshotInfo, 1);
-    info->id = g_strdup(sn.id_str);
-    info->name = g_strdup(sn.name);
-    info->date_nsec = sn.date_nsec;
-    info->date_sec = sn.date_sec;
-    info->vm_state_size = sn.vm_state_size;
-    info->vm_clock_nsec = sn.vm_clock_nsec % 1000000000;
-    info->vm_clock_sec = sn.vm_clock_nsec / 1000000000;
-
-    return info;
-
-out_aio_context:
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-/**
- * block_dirty_bitmap_lookup:
- * Return a dirty bitmap (if present), after validating
- * the node reference and bitmap names.
- *
- * @node: The name of the BDS node to search for bitmaps
- * @name: The name of the bitmap to search for
- * @pbs: Output pointer for BDS lookup, if desired. Can be NULL.
- * @paio: Output pointer for aio_context acquisition, if desired. Can be NULL.
- * @errp: Output pointer for error information. Can be NULL.
- *
- * @return: A bitmap object on success, or NULL on failure.
- */
-static BdrvDirtyBitmap *block_dirty_bitmap_lookup(const char *node,
-                                                  const char *name,
-                                                  BlockDriverState **pbs,
-                                                  AioContext **paio,
-                                                  Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-
-    if (!node) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Node cannot be NULL");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    if (!name) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Bitmap name cannot be NULL");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    bs = bdrv_lookup_bs(node, node, NULL);
-    if (!bs) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Node '%s' not found", node);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
-    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-    bitmap = bdrv_find_dirty_bitmap(bs, name);
-    if (!bitmap) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Dirty bitmap '%s' not found", name);
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    if (pbs) {
-        *pbs = bs;
-    }
-    if (paio) {
-        *paio = aio_context;
-    } else {
-        aio_context_release(aio_context);
-    }
-
-    return bitmap;
-
- fail:
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-/* New and old BlockDriverState structs for atomic group operations */
-
-typedef struct BlkActionState BlkActionState;
-
-/**
- * BlkActionOps:
- * Table of operations that define an Action.
- *
- * @instance_size: Size of state struct, in bytes.
- * @prepare: Prepare the work, must NOT be NULL.
- * @commit: Commit the changes, can be NULL.
- * @abort: Abort the changes on fail, can be NULL.
- * @clean: Clean up resources after all transaction actions have called
- *         commit() or abort(). Can be NULL.
- *
- * Only prepare() may fail. In a single transaction, only one of commit() or
- * abort() will be called. clean() will always be called if it is present.
- */
-typedef struct BlkActionOps {
-    size_t instance_size;
-    void (*prepare)(BlkActionState *common, Error **errp);
-    void (*commit)(BlkActionState *common);
-    void (*abort)(BlkActionState *common);
-    void (*clean)(BlkActionState *common);
-} BlkActionOps;
-
-/**
- * BlkActionState:
- * Describes one Action's state within a Transaction.
- *
- * @action: QAPI-defined enum identifying which Action to perform.
- * @ops: Table of ActionOps this Action can perform.
- * @block_job_txn: Transaction which this action belongs to.
- * @entry: List membership for all Actions in this Transaction.
- *
- * This structure must be arranged as first member in a subclassed type,
- * assuming that the compiler will also arrange it to the same offsets as the
- * base class.
- */
-struct BlkActionState {
-    TransactionAction *action;
-    const BlkActionOps *ops;
-    BlockJobTxn *block_job_txn;
-    TransactionProperties *txn_props;
-    QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlkActionState) entry;
-};
-
-/* internal snapshot private data */
-typedef struct InternalSnapshotState {
-    BlkActionState common;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
-    bool created;
-} InternalSnapshotState;
-
-
-static int action_check_completion_mode(BlkActionState *s, Error **errp)
-{
-    if (s->txn_props->completion_mode != ACTION_COMPLETION_MODE_INDIVIDUAL) {
-        error_setg(errp,
-                   "Action '%s' does not support Transaction property "
-                   "completion-mode = %s",
-                   TransactionActionKind_lookup[s->action->type],
-                   ActionCompletionMode_lookup[s->txn_props->completion_mode]);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void internal_snapshot_prepare(BlkActionState *common,
-                                      Error **errp)
-{
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-    const char *device;
-    const char *name;
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    QEMUSnapshotInfo old_sn, *sn;
-    bool ret;
-    qemu_timeval tv;
-    BlockdevSnapshotInternal *internal;
-    InternalSnapshotState *state;
-    int ret1;
-
-    g_assert(common->action->type ==
-             TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL_SYNC);
-    internal = common->action->u.blockdev_snapshot_internal_sync.data;
-    state = DO_UPCAST(InternalSnapshotState, common, common);
-
-    /* 1. parse input */
-    device = internal->device;
-    name = internal->name;
-
-    /* 2. check for validation */
-    if (action_check_completion_mode(common, errp) < 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
-                  "Device '%s' not found", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* AioContext is released in .clean() */
-    state->aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    aio_context_acquire(state->aio_context);
-
-    if (!blk_is_available(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
-        return;
-    }
-    bs = blk_bs(blk);
-
-    state->bs = bs;
-    bdrv_drained_begin(bs);
-
-    if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(bs, BLOCK_OP_TYPE_INTERNAL_SNAPSHOT, errp)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (bdrv_is_read_only(bs)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' is read only", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (!bdrv_can_snapshot(bs)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Block format '%s' used by device '%s' "
-                   "does not support internal snapshots",
-                   bs->drv->format_name, device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (!strlen(name)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Name is empty");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* check whether a snapshot with name exist */
-    ret = bdrv_snapshot_find_by_id_and_name(bs, NULL, name, &old_sn,
-                                            &local_err);
-    if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        return;
-    } else if (ret) {
-        error_setg(errp,
-                   "Snapshot with name '%s' already exists on device '%s'",
-                   name, device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* 3. take the snapshot */
-    sn = &state->sn;
-    pstrcpy(sn->name, sizeof(sn->name), name);
-    qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
-    sn->date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
-    sn->date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
-    sn->vm_clock_nsec = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL);
-
-    ret1 = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, sn);
-    if (ret1 < 0) {
-        error_setg_errno(errp, -ret1,
-                         "Failed to create snapshot '%s' on device '%s'",
-                         name, device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* 4. succeed, mark a snapshot is created */
-    state->created = true;
-}
-
-static void internal_snapshot_abort(BlkActionState *common)
-{
-    InternalSnapshotState *state =
-                             DO_UPCAST(InternalSnapshotState, common, common);
-    BlockDriverState *bs = state->bs;
-    QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn = &state->sn;
-    Error *local_error = NULL;
-
-    if (!state->created) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, sn->id_str, sn->name, &local_error) < 0) {
-        error_reportf_err(local_error,
-                          "Failed to delete snapshot with id '%s' and "
-                          "name '%s' on device '%s' in abort: ",
-                          sn->id_str, sn->name,
-                          bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
-    }
-}
-
-static void internal_snapshot_clean(BlkActionState *common)
-{
-    InternalSnapshotState *state = DO_UPCAST(InternalSnapshotState,
-                                             common, common);
-
-    if (state->aio_context) {
-        if (state->bs) {
-            bdrv_drained_end(state->bs);
-        }
-        aio_context_release(state->aio_context);
-    }
-}
-
-/* external snapshot private data */
-typedef struct ExternalSnapshotState {
-    BlkActionState common;
-    BlockDriverState *old_bs;
-    BlockDriverState *new_bs;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-} ExternalSnapshotState;
-
-static void external_snapshot_prepare(BlkActionState *common,
-                                      Error **errp)
-{
-    int flags = 0, ret;
-    QDict *options = NULL;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-    /* Device and node name of the image to generate the snapshot from */
-    const char *device;
-    const char *node_name;
-    /* Reference to the new image (for 'blockdev-snapshot') */
-    const char *snapshot_ref;
-    /* File name of the new image (for 'blockdev-snapshot-sync') */
-    const char *new_image_file;
-    ExternalSnapshotState *state =
-                             DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotState, common, common);
-    TransactionAction *action = common->action;
-
-    /* 'blockdev-snapshot' and 'blockdev-snapshot-sync' have similar
-     * purpose but a different set of parameters */
-    switch (action->type) {
-    case TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT:
-        {
-            BlockdevSnapshot *s = action->u.blockdev_snapshot.data;
-            device = s->node;
-            node_name = s->node;
-            new_image_file = NULL;
-            snapshot_ref = s->overlay;
-        }
-        break;
-    case TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_SYNC:
-        {
-            BlockdevSnapshotSync *s = action->u.blockdev_snapshot_sync.data;
-            device = s->has_device ? s->device : NULL;
-            node_name = s->has_node_name ? s->node_name : NULL;
-            new_image_file = s->snapshot_file;
-            snapshot_ref = NULL;
-        }
-        break;
-    default:
-        g_assert_not_reached();
-    }
-
-    /* start processing */
-    if (action_check_completion_mode(common, errp) < 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    state->old_bs = bdrv_lookup_bs(device, node_name, errp);
-    if (!state->old_bs) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* Acquire AioContext now so any threads operating on old_bs stop */
-    state->aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(state->old_bs);
-    aio_context_acquire(state->aio_context);
-    bdrv_drained_begin(state->old_bs);
-
-    if (!bdrv_is_inserted(state->old_bs)) {
-        error_setg(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(state->old_bs,
-                           BLOCK_OP_TYPE_EXTERNAL_SNAPSHOT, errp)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (!bdrv_is_read_only(state->old_bs)) {
-        if (bdrv_flush(state->old_bs)) {
-            error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (!bdrv_is_first_non_filter(state->old_bs)) {
-        error_setg(errp, QERR_FEATURE_DISABLED, "snapshot");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (action->type == TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_SYNC) {
-        BlockdevSnapshotSync *s = action->u.blockdev_snapshot_sync.data;
-        const char *format = s->has_format ? s->format : "qcow2";
-        enum NewImageMode mode;
-        const char *snapshot_node_name =
-            s->has_snapshot_node_name ? s->snapshot_node_name : NULL;
-
-        if (node_name && !snapshot_node_name) {
-            error_setg(errp, "New snapshot node name missing");
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (snapshot_node_name &&
-            bdrv_lookup_bs(snapshot_node_name, snapshot_node_name, NULL)) {
-            error_setg(errp, "New snapshot node name already in use");
-            return;
-        }
-
-        flags = state->old_bs->open_flags;
-        flags &= ~(BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ);
-
-        /* create new image w/backing file */
-        mode = s->has_mode ? s->mode : NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS;
-        if (mode != NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING) {
-            int64_t size = bdrv_getlength(state->old_bs);
-            if (size < 0) {
-                error_setg_errno(errp, -size, "bdrv_getlength failed");
-                return;
-            }
-            bdrv_img_create(new_image_file, format,
-                            state->old_bs->filename,
-                            state->old_bs->drv->format_name,
-                            NULL, size, flags, &local_err, false);
-            if (local_err) {
-                error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-
-        options = qdict_new();
-        if (s->has_snapshot_node_name) {
-            qdict_put(options, "node-name",
-                      qstring_from_str(snapshot_node_name));
-        }
-        qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(format));
-
-        flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
-    }
-
-    assert(state->new_bs == NULL);
-    ret = bdrv_open(&state->new_bs, new_image_file, snapshot_ref, options,
-                    flags, errp);
-    /* We will manually add the backing_hd field to the bs later */
-    if (ret != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (state->new_bs->blk != NULL) {
-        error_setg(errp, "The snapshot is already in use by %s",
-                   blk_name(state->new_bs->blk));
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(state->new_bs, BLOCK_OP_TYPE_EXTERNAL_SNAPSHOT,
-                           errp)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (state->new_bs->backing != NULL) {
-        error_setg(errp, "The snapshot already has a backing image");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (!state->new_bs->drv->supports_backing) {
-        error_setg(errp, "The snapshot does not support backing images");
-    }
-}
-
-static void external_snapshot_commit(BlkActionState *common)
-{
-    ExternalSnapshotState *state =
-                             DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotState, common, common);
-
-    bdrv_set_aio_context(state->new_bs, state->aio_context);
-
-    /* This removes our old bs and adds the new bs */
-    bdrv_append(state->new_bs, state->old_bs);
-    /* We don't need (or want) to use the transactional
-     * bdrv_reopen_multiple() across all the entries at once, because we
-     * don't want to abort all of them if one of them fails the reopen */
-    if (!state->old_bs->copy_on_read) {
-        bdrv_reopen(state->old_bs, state->old_bs->open_flags & ~BDRV_O_RDWR,
-                    NULL);
-    }
-}
-
-static void external_snapshot_abort(BlkActionState *common)
-{
-    ExternalSnapshotState *state =
-                             DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotState, common, common);
-    if (state->new_bs) {
-        bdrv_unref(state->new_bs);
-    }
-}
-
-static void external_snapshot_clean(BlkActionState *common)
-{
-    ExternalSnapshotState *state =
-                             DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotState, common, common);
-    if (state->aio_context) {
-        bdrv_drained_end(state->old_bs);
-        aio_context_release(state->aio_context);
-    }
-}
-
-typedef struct DriveBackupState {
-    BlkActionState common;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    BlockJob *job;
-} DriveBackupState;
-
-static void do_drive_backup(const char *device, const char *target,
-                            bool has_format, const char *format,
-                            enum MirrorSyncMode sync,
-                            bool has_mode, enum NewImageMode mode,
-                            bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
-                            bool has_bitmap, const char *bitmap,
-                            bool has_on_source_error,
-                            BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
-                            bool has_on_target_error,
-                            BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
-                            BlockJobTxn *txn, Error **errp);
-
-static void drive_backup_prepare(BlkActionState *common, Error **errp)
-{
-    DriveBackupState *state = DO_UPCAST(DriveBackupState, common, common);
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    DriveBackup *backup;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-
-    assert(common->action->type == TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_DRIVE_BACKUP);
-    backup = common->action->u.drive_backup.data;
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(backup->device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
-                  "Device '%s' not found", backup->device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (!blk_is_available(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, backup->device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* AioContext is released in .clean() */
-    state->aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    aio_context_acquire(state->aio_context);
-    bdrv_drained_begin(blk_bs(blk));
-    state->bs = blk_bs(blk);
-
-    do_drive_backup(backup->device, backup->target,
-                    backup->has_format, backup->format,
-                    backup->sync,
-                    backup->has_mode, backup->mode,
-                    backup->has_speed, backup->speed,
-                    backup->has_bitmap, backup->bitmap,
-                    backup->has_on_source_error, backup->on_source_error,
-                    backup->has_on_target_error, backup->on_target_error,
-                    common->block_job_txn, &local_err);
-    if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    state->job = state->bs->job;
-}
-
-static void drive_backup_abort(BlkActionState *common)
-{
-    DriveBackupState *state = DO_UPCAST(DriveBackupState, common, common);
-    BlockDriverState *bs = state->bs;
-
-    /* Only cancel if it's the job we started */
-    if (bs && bs->job && bs->job == state->job) {
-        block_job_cancel_sync(bs->job);
-    }
-}
-
-static void drive_backup_clean(BlkActionState *common)
-{
-    DriveBackupState *state = DO_UPCAST(DriveBackupState, common, common);
-
-    if (state->aio_context) {
-        bdrv_drained_end(state->bs);
-        aio_context_release(state->aio_context);
-    }
-}
-
-typedef struct BlockdevBackupState {
-    BlkActionState common;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    BlockJob *job;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-} BlockdevBackupState;
-
-static void do_blockdev_backup(const char *device, const char *target,
-                               enum MirrorSyncMode sync,
-                               bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
-                               bool has_on_source_error,
-                               BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
-                               bool has_on_target_error,
-                               BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
-                               BlockJobTxn *txn, Error **errp);
-
-static void blockdev_backup_prepare(BlkActionState *common, Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockdevBackupState *state = DO_UPCAST(BlockdevBackupState, common, common);
-    BlockdevBackup *backup;
-    BlockBackend *blk, *target;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-
-    assert(common->action->type == TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_BACKUP);
-    backup = common->action->u.blockdev_backup.data;
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(backup->device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' not found", backup->device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (!blk_is_available(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, backup->device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    target = blk_by_name(backup->target);
-    if (!target) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' not found", backup->target);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* AioContext is released in .clean() */
-    state->aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    if (state->aio_context != blk_get_aio_context(target)) {
-        state->aio_context = NULL;
-        error_setg(errp, "Backup between two IO threads is not implemented");
-        return;
-    }
-    aio_context_acquire(state->aio_context);
-    state->bs = blk_bs(blk);
-    bdrv_drained_begin(state->bs);
-
-    do_blockdev_backup(backup->device, backup->target,
-                       backup->sync,
-                       backup->has_speed, backup->speed,
-                       backup->has_on_source_error, backup->on_source_error,
-                       backup->has_on_target_error, backup->on_target_error,
-                       common->block_job_txn, &local_err);
-    if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    state->job = state->bs->job;
-}
-
-static void blockdev_backup_abort(BlkActionState *common)
-{
-    BlockdevBackupState *state = DO_UPCAST(BlockdevBackupState, common, common);
-    BlockDriverState *bs = state->bs;
-
-    /* Only cancel if it's the job we started */
-    if (bs && bs->job && bs->job == state->job) {
-        block_job_cancel_sync(bs->job);
-    }
-}
-
-static void blockdev_backup_clean(BlkActionState *common)
-{
-    BlockdevBackupState *state = DO_UPCAST(BlockdevBackupState, common, common);
-
-    if (state->aio_context) {
-        bdrv_drained_end(state->bs);
-        aio_context_release(state->aio_context);
-    }
-}
-
-typedef struct BlockDirtyBitmapState {
-    BlkActionState common;
-    BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    HBitmap *backup;
-    bool prepared;
-} BlockDirtyBitmapState;
-
-static void block_dirty_bitmap_add_prepare(BlkActionState *common,
-                                           Error **errp)
-{
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-    BlockDirtyBitmapAdd *action;
-    BlockDirtyBitmapState *state = DO_UPCAST(BlockDirtyBitmapState,
-                                             common, common);
-
-    if (action_check_completion_mode(common, errp) < 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    action = common->action->u.block_dirty_bitmap_add.data;
-    /* AIO context taken and released within qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_add */
-    qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_add(action->node, action->name,
-                               action->has_granularity, action->granularity,
-                               &local_err);
-
-    if (!local_err) {
-        state->prepared = true;
-    } else {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-    }
-}
-
-static void block_dirty_bitmap_add_abort(BlkActionState *common)
-{
-    BlockDirtyBitmapAdd *action;
-    BlockDirtyBitmapState *state = DO_UPCAST(BlockDirtyBitmapState,
-                                             common, common);
-
-    action = common->action->u.block_dirty_bitmap_add.data;
-    /* Should not be able to fail: IF the bitmap was added via .prepare(),
-     * then the node reference and bitmap name must have been valid.
-     */
-    if (state->prepared) {
-        qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_remove(action->node, action->name, &error_abort);
-    }
-}
-
-static void block_dirty_bitmap_clear_prepare(BlkActionState *common,
-                                             Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockDirtyBitmapState *state = DO_UPCAST(BlockDirtyBitmapState,
-                                             common, common);
-    BlockDirtyBitmap *action;
-
-    if (action_check_completion_mode(common, errp) < 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    action = common->action->u.block_dirty_bitmap_clear.data;
-    state->bitmap = block_dirty_bitmap_lookup(action->node,
-                                              action->name,
-                                              &state->bs,
-                                              &state->aio_context,
-                                              errp);
-    if (!state->bitmap) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (bdrv_dirty_bitmap_frozen(state->bitmap)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Cannot modify a frozen bitmap");
-        return;
-    } else if (!bdrv_dirty_bitmap_enabled(state->bitmap)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Cannot clear a disabled bitmap");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    bdrv_clear_dirty_bitmap(state->bitmap, &state->backup);
-    /* AioContext is released in .clean() */
-}
-
-static void block_dirty_bitmap_clear_abort(BlkActionState *common)
-{
-    BlockDirtyBitmapState *state = DO_UPCAST(BlockDirtyBitmapState,
-                                             common, common);
-
-    bdrv_undo_clear_dirty_bitmap(state->bitmap, state->backup);
-}
-
-static void block_dirty_bitmap_clear_commit(BlkActionState *common)
-{
-    BlockDirtyBitmapState *state = DO_UPCAST(BlockDirtyBitmapState,
-                                             common, common);
-
-    hbitmap_free(state->backup);
-}
-
-static void block_dirty_bitmap_clear_clean(BlkActionState *common)
-{
-    BlockDirtyBitmapState *state = DO_UPCAST(BlockDirtyBitmapState,
-                                             common, common);
-
-    if (state->aio_context) {
-        aio_context_release(state->aio_context);
-    }
-}
-
-static void abort_prepare(BlkActionState *common, Error **errp)
-{
-    error_setg(errp, "Transaction aborted using Abort action");
-}
-
-static void abort_commit(BlkActionState *common)
-{
-    g_assert_not_reached(); /* this action never succeeds */
-}
-
-static const BlkActionOps actions[] = {
-    [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT] = {
-        .instance_size = sizeof(ExternalSnapshotState),
-        .prepare  = external_snapshot_prepare,
-        .commit   = external_snapshot_commit,
-        .abort = external_snapshot_abort,
-        .clean = external_snapshot_clean,
-    },
-    [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_SYNC] = {
-        .instance_size = sizeof(ExternalSnapshotState),
-        .prepare  = external_snapshot_prepare,
-        .commit   = external_snapshot_commit,
-        .abort = external_snapshot_abort,
-        .clean = external_snapshot_clean,
-    },
-    [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_DRIVE_BACKUP] = {
-        .instance_size = sizeof(DriveBackupState),
-        .prepare = drive_backup_prepare,
-        .abort = drive_backup_abort,
-        .clean = drive_backup_clean,
-    },
-    [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_BACKUP] = {
-        .instance_size = sizeof(BlockdevBackupState),
-        .prepare = blockdev_backup_prepare,
-        .abort = blockdev_backup_abort,
-        .clean = blockdev_backup_clean,
-    },
-    [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_ABORT] = {
-        .instance_size = sizeof(BlkActionState),
-        .prepare = abort_prepare,
-        .commit = abort_commit,
-    },
-    [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL_SYNC] = {
-        .instance_size = sizeof(InternalSnapshotState),
-        .prepare  = internal_snapshot_prepare,
-        .abort = internal_snapshot_abort,
-        .clean = internal_snapshot_clean,
-    },
-    [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCK_DIRTY_BITMAP_ADD] = {
-        .instance_size = sizeof(BlockDirtyBitmapState),
-        .prepare = block_dirty_bitmap_add_prepare,
-        .abort = block_dirty_bitmap_add_abort,
-    },
-    [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCK_DIRTY_BITMAP_CLEAR] = {
-        .instance_size = sizeof(BlockDirtyBitmapState),
-        .prepare = block_dirty_bitmap_clear_prepare,
-        .commit = block_dirty_bitmap_clear_commit,
-        .abort = block_dirty_bitmap_clear_abort,
-        .clean = block_dirty_bitmap_clear_clean,
-    }
-};
-
-/**
- * Allocate a TransactionProperties structure if necessary, and fill
- * that structure with desired defaults if they are unset.
- */
-static TransactionProperties *get_transaction_properties(
-    TransactionProperties *props)
-{
-    if (!props) {
-        props = g_new0(TransactionProperties, 1);
-    }
-
-    if (!props->has_completion_mode) {
-        props->has_completion_mode = true;
-        props->completion_mode = ACTION_COMPLETION_MODE_INDIVIDUAL;
-    }
-
-    return props;
-}
-
-/*
- * 'Atomic' group operations.  The operations are performed as a set, and if
- * any fail then we roll back all operations in the group.
- */
-void qmp_transaction(TransactionActionList *dev_list,
-                     bool has_props,
-                     struct TransactionProperties *props,
-                     Error **errp)
-{
-    TransactionActionList *dev_entry = dev_list;
-    BlockJobTxn *block_job_txn = NULL;
-    BlkActionState *state, *next;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-
-    QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(snap_bdrv_states, BlkActionState) snap_bdrv_states;
-    QSIMPLEQ_INIT(&snap_bdrv_states);
-
-    /* Does this transaction get canceled as a group on failure?
-     * If not, we don't really need to make a BlockJobTxn.
-     */
-    props = get_transaction_properties(props);
-    if (props->completion_mode != ACTION_COMPLETION_MODE_INDIVIDUAL) {
-        block_job_txn = block_job_txn_new();
-    }
-
-    /* drain all i/o before any operations */
-    bdrv_drain_all();
-
-    /* We don't do anything in this loop that commits us to the operations */
-    while (NULL != dev_entry) {
-        TransactionAction *dev_info = NULL;
-        const BlkActionOps *ops;
-
-        dev_info = dev_entry->value;
-        dev_entry = dev_entry->next;
-
-        assert(dev_info->type < ARRAY_SIZE(actions));
-
-        ops = &actions[dev_info->type];
-        assert(ops->instance_size > 0);
-
-        state = g_malloc0(ops->instance_size);
-        state->ops = ops;
-        state->action = dev_info;
-        state->block_job_txn = block_job_txn;
-        state->txn_props = props;
-        QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&snap_bdrv_states, state, entry);
-
-        state->ops->prepare(state, &local_err);
-        if (local_err) {
-            error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-            goto delete_and_fail;
-        }
-    }
-
-    QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(state, &snap_bdrv_states, entry) {
-        if (state->ops->commit) {
-            state->ops->commit(state);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* success */
-    goto exit;
-
-delete_and_fail:
-    /* failure, and it is all-or-none; roll back all operations */
-    QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(state, &snap_bdrv_states, entry) {
-        if (state->ops->abort) {
-            state->ops->abort(state);
-        }
-    }
-exit:
-    QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(state, &snap_bdrv_states, entry, next) {
-        if (state->ops->clean) {
-            state->ops->clean(state);
-        }
-        g_free(state);
-    }
-    if (!has_props) {
-        qapi_free_TransactionProperties(props);
-    }
-    block_job_txn_unref(block_job_txn);
-}
-
-void qmp_eject(const char *device, bool has_force, bool force, Error **errp)
-{
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-
-    qmp_blockdev_open_tray(device, has_force, force, &local_err);
-    if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    qmp_x_blockdev_remove_medium(device, errp);
-}
-
-void qmp_block_passwd(bool has_device, const char *device,
-                      bool has_node_name, const char *node_name,
-                      const char *password, Error **errp)
-{
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-
-    bs = bdrv_lookup_bs(has_device ? device : NULL,
-                        has_node_name ? node_name : NULL,
-                        &local_err);
-    if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
-    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-    bdrv_add_key(bs, password, errp);
-
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-void qmp_blockdev_open_tray(const char *device, bool has_force, bool force,
-                            Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    bool locked;
-
-    if (!has_force) {
-        force = false;
-    }
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
-                  "Device '%s' not found", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (!blk_dev_has_removable_media(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' is not removable", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (!blk_dev_has_tray(blk)) {
-        /* Ignore this command on tray-less devices */
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (blk_dev_is_tray_open(blk)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    locked = blk_dev_is_medium_locked(blk);
-    if (locked) {
-        blk_dev_eject_request(blk, force);
-    }
-
-    if (!locked || force) {
-        blk_dev_change_media_cb(blk, false);
-    }
-}
-
-void qmp_blockdev_close_tray(const char *device, Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
-                  "Device '%s' not found", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (!blk_dev_has_removable_media(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' is not removable", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (!blk_dev_has_tray(blk)) {
-        /* Ignore this command on tray-less devices */
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (!blk_dev_is_tray_open(blk)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    blk_dev_change_media_cb(blk, true);
-}
-
-void qmp_x_blockdev_remove_medium(const char *device, Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    bool has_device;
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
-                  "Device '%s' not found", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* For BBs without a device, we can exchange the BDS tree at will */
-    has_device = blk_get_attached_dev(blk);
-
-    if (has_device && !blk_dev_has_removable_media(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' is not removable", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (has_device && blk_dev_has_tray(blk) && !blk_dev_is_tray_open(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Tray of device '%s' is not open", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    bs = blk_bs(blk);
-    if (!bs) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
-    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-    if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(bs, BLOCK_OP_TYPE_EJECT, errp)) {
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    blk_remove_bs(blk);
-
-    if (!blk_dev_has_tray(blk)) {
-        /* For tray-less devices, blockdev-open-tray is a no-op (or may not be
-         * called at all); therefore, the medium needs to be ejected here.
-         * Do it after blk_remove_bs() so blk_is_inserted(blk) returns the @load
-         * value passed here (i.e. false). */
-        blk_dev_change_media_cb(blk, false);
-    }
-
-out:
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-static void qmp_blockdev_insert_anon_medium(const char *device,
-                                            BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    bool has_device;
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
-                  "Device '%s' not found", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* For BBs without a device, we can exchange the BDS tree at will */
-    has_device = blk_get_attached_dev(blk);
-
-    if (has_device && !blk_dev_has_removable_media(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' is not removable", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (has_device && blk_dev_has_tray(blk) && !blk_dev_is_tray_open(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Tray of device '%s' is not open", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (blk_bs(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "There already is a medium in device '%s'", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    blk_insert_bs(blk, bs);
-
-    if (!blk_dev_has_tray(blk)) {
-        /* For tray-less devices, blockdev-close-tray is a no-op (or may not be
-         * called at all); therefore, the medium needs to be pushed into the
-         * slot here.
-         * Do it after blk_insert_bs() so blk_is_inserted(blk) returns the @load
-         * value passed here (i.e. true). */
-        blk_dev_change_media_cb(blk, true);
-    }
-}
-
-void qmp_x_blockdev_insert_medium(const char *device, const char *node_name,
-                                  Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-
-    bs = bdrv_find_node(node_name);
-    if (!bs) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Node '%s' not found", node_name);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (bs->blk) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Node '%s' is already in use by '%s'", node_name,
-                   blk_name(bs->blk));
-        return;
-    }
-
-    qmp_blockdev_insert_anon_medium(device, bs, errp);
-}
-
-void qmp_blockdev_change_medium(const char *device, const char *filename,
-                                bool has_format, const char *format,
-                                bool has_read_only,
-                                BlockdevChangeReadOnlyMode read_only,
-                                Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    BlockDriverState *medium_bs = NULL;
-    int bdrv_flags, ret;
-    QDict *options = NULL;
-    Error *err = NULL;
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
-                  "Device '%s' not found", device);
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    if (blk_bs(blk)) {
-        blk_update_root_state(blk);
-    }
-
-    bdrv_flags = blk_get_open_flags_from_root_state(blk);
-    bdrv_flags &= ~(BDRV_O_TEMPORARY | BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING |
-        BDRV_O_PROTOCOL);
-
-    if (!has_read_only) {
-        read_only = BLOCKDEV_CHANGE_READ_ONLY_MODE_RETAIN;
-    }
-
-    switch (read_only) {
-    case BLOCKDEV_CHANGE_READ_ONLY_MODE_RETAIN:
-        break;
-
-    case BLOCKDEV_CHANGE_READ_ONLY_MODE_READ_ONLY:
-        bdrv_flags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR;
-        break;
-
-    case BLOCKDEV_CHANGE_READ_ONLY_MODE_READ_WRITE:
-        bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
-        break;
-
-    default:
-        abort();
-    }
-
-    if (has_format) {
-        options = qdict_new();
-        qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(format));
-    }
-
-    assert(!medium_bs);
-    ret = bdrv_open(&medium_bs, filename, NULL, options, bdrv_flags, errp);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    blk_apply_root_state(blk, medium_bs);
-
-    bdrv_add_key(medium_bs, NULL, &err);
-    if (err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, err);
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    qmp_blockdev_open_tray(device, false, false, &err);
-    if (err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, err);
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    qmp_x_blockdev_remove_medium(device, &err);
-    if (err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, err);
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    qmp_blockdev_insert_anon_medium(device, medium_bs, &err);
-    if (err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, err);
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    qmp_blockdev_close_tray(device, errp);
-
-fail:
-    /* If the medium has been inserted, the device has its own reference, so
-     * ours must be relinquished; and if it has not been inserted successfully,
-     * the reference must be relinquished anyway */
-    bdrv_unref(medium_bs);
-}
-
-/* throttling disk I/O limits */
-void qmp_block_set_io_throttle(const char *device, int64_t bps, int64_t bps_rd,
-                               int64_t bps_wr,
-                               int64_t iops,
-                               int64_t iops_rd,
-                               int64_t iops_wr,
-                               bool has_bps_max,
-                               int64_t bps_max,
-                               bool has_bps_rd_max,
-                               int64_t bps_rd_max,
-                               bool has_bps_wr_max,
-                               int64_t bps_wr_max,
-                               bool has_iops_max,
-                               int64_t iops_max,
-                               bool has_iops_rd_max,
-                               int64_t iops_rd_max,
-                               bool has_iops_wr_max,
-                               int64_t iops_wr_max,
-                               bool has_bps_max_length,
-                               int64_t bps_max_length,
-                               bool has_bps_rd_max_length,
-                               int64_t bps_rd_max_length,
-                               bool has_bps_wr_max_length,
-                               int64_t bps_wr_max_length,
-                               bool has_iops_max_length,
-                               int64_t iops_max_length,
-                               bool has_iops_rd_max_length,
-                               int64_t iops_rd_max_length,
-                               bool has_iops_wr_max_length,
-                               int64_t iops_wr_max_length,
-                               bool has_iops_size,
-                               int64_t iops_size,
-                               bool has_group,
-                               const char *group, Error **errp)
-{
-    ThrottleConfig cfg;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
-                  "Device '%s' not found", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-    bs = blk_bs(blk);
-    if (!bs) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' has no medium", device);
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    /* The BlockBackend must be the only parent */
-    assert(QLIST_FIRST(&bs->parents));
-    if (QLIST_NEXT(QLIST_FIRST(&bs->parents), next_parent)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Cannot throttle device with multiple parents");
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    throttle_config_init(&cfg);
-    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_TOTAL].avg = bps;
-    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_READ].avg  = bps_rd;
-    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_WRITE].avg = bps_wr;
-
-    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_TOTAL].avg = iops;
-    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_READ].avg  = iops_rd;
-    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_WRITE].avg = iops_wr;
-
-    if (has_bps_max) {
-        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_TOTAL].max = bps_max;
-    }
-    if (has_bps_rd_max) {
-        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_READ].max = bps_rd_max;
-    }
-    if (has_bps_wr_max) {
-        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_WRITE].max = bps_wr_max;
-    }
-    if (has_iops_max) {
-        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_TOTAL].max = iops_max;
-    }
-    if (has_iops_rd_max) {
-        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_READ].max = iops_rd_max;
-    }
-    if (has_iops_wr_max) {
-        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_WRITE].max = iops_wr_max;
-    }
-
-    if (has_bps_max_length) {
-        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_TOTAL].burst_length = bps_max_length;
-    }
-    if (has_bps_rd_max_length) {
-        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_READ].burst_length = bps_rd_max_length;
-    }
-    if (has_bps_wr_max_length) {
-        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_WRITE].burst_length = bps_wr_max_length;
-    }
-    if (has_iops_max_length) {
-        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_TOTAL].burst_length = iops_max_length;
-    }
-    if (has_iops_rd_max_length) {
-        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_READ].burst_length = iops_rd_max_length;
-    }
-    if (has_iops_wr_max_length) {
-        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_WRITE].burst_length = iops_wr_max_length;
-    }
-
-    if (has_iops_size) {
-        cfg.op_size = iops_size;
-    }
-
-    if (!throttle_is_valid(&cfg, errp)) {
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    if (throttle_enabled(&cfg)) {
-        /* Enable I/O limits if they're not enabled yet, otherwise
-         * just update the throttling group. */
-        if (!bs->throttle_state) {
-            bdrv_io_limits_enable(bs, has_group ? group : device);
-        } else if (has_group) {
-            bdrv_io_limits_update_group(bs, group);
-        }
-        /* Set the new throttling configuration */
-        bdrv_set_io_limits(bs, &cfg);
-    } else if (bs->throttle_state) {
-        /* If all throttling settings are set to 0, disable I/O limits */
-        bdrv_io_limits_disable(bs);
-    }
-
-out:
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-void qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_add(const char *node, const char *name,
-                                bool has_granularity, uint32_t granularity,
-                                Error **errp)
-{
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-
-    if (!name || name[0] == '\0') {
-        error_setg(errp, "Bitmap name cannot be empty");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    bs = bdrv_lookup_bs(node, node, errp);
-    if (!bs) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
-    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-    if (has_granularity) {
-        if (granularity < 512 || !is_power_of_2(granularity)) {
-            error_setg(errp, "Granularity must be power of 2 "
-                             "and at least 512");
-            goto out;
-        }
-    } else {
-        /* Default to cluster size, if available: */
-        granularity = bdrv_get_default_bitmap_granularity(bs);
-    }
-
-    bdrv_create_dirty_bitmap(bs, granularity, name, errp);
-
- out:
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-void qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_remove(const char *node, const char *name,
-                                   Error **errp)
-{
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap;
-
-    bitmap = block_dirty_bitmap_lookup(node, name, &bs, &aio_context, errp);
-    if (!bitmap || !bs) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (bdrv_dirty_bitmap_frozen(bitmap)) {
-        error_setg(errp,
-                   "Bitmap '%s' is currently frozen and cannot be removed",
-                   name);
-        goto out;
-    }
-    bdrv_dirty_bitmap_make_anon(bitmap);
-    bdrv_release_dirty_bitmap(bs, bitmap);
-
- out:
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-/**
- * Completely clear a bitmap, for the purposes of synchronizing a bitmap
- * immediately after a full backup operation.
- */
-void qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_clear(const char *node, const char *name,
-                                  Error **errp)
-{
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-
-    bitmap = block_dirty_bitmap_lookup(node, name, &bs, &aio_context, errp);
-    if (!bitmap || !bs) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (bdrv_dirty_bitmap_frozen(bitmap)) {
-        error_setg(errp,
-                   "Bitmap '%s' is currently frozen and cannot be modified",
-                   name);
-        goto out;
-    } else if (!bdrv_dirty_bitmap_enabled(bitmap)) {
-        error_setg(errp,
-                   "Bitmap '%s' is currently disabled and cannot be cleared",
-                   name);
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    bdrv_clear_dirty_bitmap(bitmap, NULL);
-
- out:
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-void hmp_drive_del(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
-{
-    const char *id = qdict_get_str(qdict, "id");
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-
-    bs = bdrv_find_node(id);
-    if (bs) {
-        qmp_x_blockdev_del(false, NULL, true, id, &local_err);
-        if (local_err) {
-            error_report_err(local_err);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(id);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_report("Device '%s' not found", id);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (!blk_legacy_dinfo(blk)) {
-        error_report("Deleting device added with blockdev-add"
-                     " is not supported");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-    bs = blk_bs(blk);
-    if (bs) {
-        if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(bs, BLOCK_OP_TYPE_DRIVE_DEL, &local_err)) {
-            error_report_err(local_err);
-            aio_context_release(aio_context);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        blk_remove_bs(blk);
-    }
-
-    /* Make the BlockBackend and the attached BlockDriverState anonymous */
-    monitor_remove_blk(blk);
-
-    /* If this BlockBackend has a device attached to it, its refcount will be
-     * decremented when the device is removed; otherwise we have to do so here.
-     */
-    if (blk_get_attached_dev(blk)) {
-        /* Further I/O must not pause the guest */
-        blk_set_on_error(blk, BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT,
-                         BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT);
-    } else {
-        blk_unref(blk);
-    }
-
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-void qmp_block_resize(bool has_device, const char *device,
-                      bool has_node_name, const char *node_name,
-                      int64_t size, Error **errp)
-{
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    int ret;
-
-    bs = bdrv_lookup_bs(has_device ? device : NULL,
-                        has_node_name ? node_name : NULL,
-                        &local_err);
-    if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
-    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-    if (!bdrv_is_first_non_filter(bs)) {
-        error_setg(errp, QERR_FEATURE_DISABLED, "resize");
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    if (size < 0) {
-        error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "size", "a >0 size");
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(bs, BLOCK_OP_TYPE_RESIZE, NULL)) {
-        error_setg(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, device);
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    /* complete all in-flight operations before resizing the device */
-    bdrv_drain_all();
-
-    ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, size);
-    switch (ret) {
-    case 0:
-        break;
-    case -ENOMEDIUM:
-        error_setg(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
-        break;
-    case -ENOTSUP:
-        error_setg(errp, QERR_UNSUPPORTED);
-        break;
-    case -EACCES:
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' is read only", device);
-        break;
-    case -EBUSY:
-        error_setg(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, device);
-        break;
-    default:
-        error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not resize");
-        break;
-    }
-
-out:
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-static void block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
-{
-    /* Note that this function may be executed from another AioContext besides
-     * the QEMU main loop.  If you need to access anything that assumes the
-     * QEMU global mutex, use a BH or introduce a mutex.
-     */
-
-    BlockDriverState *bs = opaque;
-    const char *msg = NULL;
-
-    trace_block_job_cb(bs, bs->job, ret);
-
-    assert(bs->job);
-
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        msg = strerror(-ret);
-    }
-
-    if (block_job_is_cancelled(bs->job)) {
-        block_job_event_cancelled(bs->job);
-    } else {
-        block_job_event_completed(bs->job, msg);
-    }
-}
-
-void qmp_block_stream(const char *device,
-                      bool has_base, const char *base,
-                      bool has_backing_file, const char *backing_file,
-                      bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
-                      bool has_on_error, BlockdevOnError on_error,
-                      Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    BlockDriverState *base_bs = NULL;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-    const char *base_name = NULL;
-
-    if (!has_on_error) {
-        on_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
-    }
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
-                  "Device '%s' not found", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-    if (!blk_is_available(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' has no medium", device);
-        goto out;
-    }
-    bs = blk_bs(blk);
-
-    if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(bs, BLOCK_OP_TYPE_STREAM, errp)) {
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    if (has_base) {
-        base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
-        if (base_bs == NULL) {
-            error_setg(errp, QERR_BASE_NOT_FOUND, base);
-            goto out;
-        }
-        assert(bdrv_get_aio_context(base_bs) == aio_context);
-        base_name = base;
-    }
-
-    /* if we are streaming the entire chain, the result will have no backing
-     * file, and specifying one is therefore an error */
-    if (base_bs == NULL && has_backing_file) {
-        error_setg(errp, "backing file specified, but streaming the "
-                         "entire chain");
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    /* backing_file string overrides base bs filename */
-    base_name = has_backing_file ? backing_file : base_name;
-
-    stream_start(bs, base_bs, base_name, has_speed ? speed : 0,
-                 on_error, block_job_cb, bs, &local_err);
-    if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    trace_qmp_block_stream(bs, bs->job);
-
-out:
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-void qmp_block_commit(const char *device,
-                      bool has_base, const char *base,
-                      bool has_top, const char *top,
-                      bool has_backing_file, const char *backing_file,
-                      bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
-                      Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    BlockDriverState *base_bs, *top_bs;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-    /* This will be part of the QMP command, if/when the
-     * BlockdevOnError change for blkmirror makes it in
-     */
-    BlockdevOnError on_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
-
-    if (!has_speed) {
-        speed = 0;
-    }
-
-    /* Important Note:
-     *  libvirt relies on the DeviceNotFound error class in order to probe for
-     *  live commit feature versions; for this to work, we must make sure to
-     *  perform the device lookup before any generic errors that may occur in a
-     *  scenario in which all optional arguments are omitted. */
-    blk = blk_by_name(device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
-                  "Device '%s' not found", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-    if (!blk_is_available(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' has no medium", device);
-        goto out;
-    }
-    bs = blk_bs(blk);
-
-    if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(bs, BLOCK_OP_TYPE_COMMIT_SOURCE, errp)) {
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    /* default top_bs is the active layer */
-    top_bs = bs;
-
-    if (has_top && top) {
-        if (strcmp(bs->filename, top) != 0) {
-            top_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, top);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (top_bs == NULL) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Top image file %s not found", top ? top : "NULL");
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    assert(bdrv_get_aio_context(top_bs) == aio_context);
-
-    if (has_base && base) {
-        base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(top_bs, base);
-    } else {
-        base_bs = bdrv_find_base(top_bs);
-    }
-
-    if (base_bs == NULL) {
-        error_setg(errp, QERR_BASE_NOT_FOUND, base ? base : "NULL");
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    assert(bdrv_get_aio_context(base_bs) == aio_context);
-
-    if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(base_bs, BLOCK_OP_TYPE_COMMIT_TARGET, errp)) {
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    /* Do not allow attempts to commit an image into itself */
-    if (top_bs == base_bs) {
-        error_setg(errp, "cannot commit an image into itself");
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    if (top_bs == bs) {
-        if (has_backing_file) {
-            error_setg(errp, "'backing-file' specified,"
-                             " but 'top' is the active layer");
-            goto out;
-        }
-        commit_active_start(bs, base_bs, speed, on_error, block_job_cb,
-                            bs, &local_err);
-    } else {
-        commit_start(bs, base_bs, top_bs, speed, on_error, block_job_cb, bs,
-                     has_backing_file ? backing_file : NULL, &local_err);
-    }
-    if (local_err != NULL) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-out:
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-static void do_drive_backup(const char *device, const char *target,
-                            bool has_format, const char *format,
-                            enum MirrorSyncMode sync,
-                            bool has_mode, enum NewImageMode mode,
-                            bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
-                            bool has_bitmap, const char *bitmap,
-                            bool has_on_source_error,
-                            BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
-                            bool has_on_target_error,
-                            BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
-                            BlockJobTxn *txn, Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    BlockDriverState *target_bs;
-    BlockDriverState *source = NULL;
-    BdrvDirtyBitmap *bmap = NULL;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    QDict *options = NULL;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-    int flags;
-    int64_t size;
-    int ret;
-
-    if (!has_speed) {
-        speed = 0;
-    }
-    if (!has_on_source_error) {
-        on_source_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
-    }
-    if (!has_on_target_error) {
-        on_target_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
-    }
-    if (!has_mode) {
-        mode = NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS;
-    }
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
-                  "Device '%s' not found", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-    /* Although backup_run has this check too, we need to use bs->drv below, so
-     * do an early check redundantly. */
-    if (!blk_is_available(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
-        goto out;
-    }
-    bs = blk_bs(blk);
-
-    if (!has_format) {
-        format = mode == NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING ? NULL : bs->drv->format_name;
-    }
-
-    /* Early check to avoid creating target */
-    if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(bs, BLOCK_OP_TYPE_BACKUP_SOURCE, errp)) {
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    flags = bs->open_flags | BDRV_O_RDWR;
-
-    /* See if we have a backing HD we can use to create our new image
-     * on top of. */
-    if (sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_TOP) {
-        source = backing_bs(bs);
-        if (!source) {
-            sync = MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL;
-        }
-    }
-    if (sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_NONE) {
-        source = bs;
-    }
-
-    size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
-    if (size < 0) {
-        error_setg_errno(errp, -size, "bdrv_getlength failed");
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    if (mode != NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING) {
-        assert(format);
-        if (source) {
-            bdrv_img_create(target, format, source->filename,
-                            source->drv->format_name, NULL,
-                            size, flags, &local_err, false);
-        } else {
-            bdrv_img_create(target, format, NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                            size, flags, &local_err, false);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    if (format) {
-        options = qdict_new();
-        qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(format));
-    }
-
-    target_bs = NULL;
-    ret = bdrv_open(&target_bs, target, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    bdrv_set_aio_context(target_bs, aio_context);
-
-    if (has_bitmap) {
-        bmap = bdrv_find_dirty_bitmap(bs, bitmap);
-        if (!bmap) {
-            error_setg(errp, "Bitmap '%s' could not be found", bitmap);
-            bdrv_unref(target_bs);
-            goto out;
-        }
-    }
-
-    backup_start(bs, target_bs, speed, sync, bmap,
-                 on_source_error, on_target_error,
-                 block_job_cb, bs, txn, &local_err);
-    if (local_err != NULL) {
-        bdrv_unref(target_bs);
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-out:
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-void qmp_drive_backup(const char *device, const char *target,
-                      bool has_format, const char *format,
-                      enum MirrorSyncMode sync,
-                      bool has_mode, enum NewImageMode mode,
-                      bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
-                      bool has_bitmap, const char *bitmap,
-                      bool has_on_source_error, BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
-                      bool has_on_target_error, BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
-                      Error **errp)
-{
-    return do_drive_backup(device, target, has_format, format, sync,
-                           has_mode, mode, has_speed, speed,
-                           has_bitmap, bitmap,
-                           has_on_source_error, on_source_error,
-                           has_on_target_error, on_target_error,
-                           NULL, errp);
-}
-
-BlockDeviceInfoList *qmp_query_named_block_nodes(Error **errp)
-{
-    return bdrv_named_nodes_list(errp);
-}
-
-void do_blockdev_backup(const char *device, const char *target,
-                         enum MirrorSyncMode sync,
-                         bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
-                         bool has_on_source_error,
-                         BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
-                         bool has_on_target_error,
-                         BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
-                         BlockJobTxn *txn, Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk, *target_blk;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    BlockDriverState *target_bs;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-
-    if (!has_speed) {
-        speed = 0;
-    }
-    if (!has_on_source_error) {
-        on_source_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
-    }
-    if (!has_on_target_error) {
-        on_target_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
-    }
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' not found", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-    if (!blk_is_available(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' has no medium", device);
-        goto out;
-    }
-    bs = blk_bs(blk);
-
-    target_blk = blk_by_name(target);
-    if (!target_blk) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' not found", target);
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    if (!blk_is_available(target_blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' has no medium", target);
-        goto out;
-    }
-    target_bs = blk_bs(target_blk);
-
-    bdrv_ref(target_bs);
-    bdrv_set_aio_context(target_bs, aio_context);
-    backup_start(bs, target_bs, speed, sync, NULL, on_source_error,
-                 on_target_error, block_job_cb, bs, txn, &local_err);
-    if (local_err != NULL) {
-        bdrv_unref(target_bs);
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-    }
-out:
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-void qmp_blockdev_backup(const char *device, const char *target,
-                         enum MirrorSyncMode sync,
-                         bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
-                         bool has_on_source_error,
-                         BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
-                         bool has_on_target_error,
-                         BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
-                         Error **errp)
-{
-    do_blockdev_backup(device, target, sync, has_speed, speed,
-                       has_on_source_error, on_source_error,
-                       has_on_target_error, on_target_error,
-                       NULL, errp);
-}
-
-/* Parameter check and block job starting for drive mirroring.
- * Caller should hold @device and @target's aio context (must be the same).
- **/
-static void blockdev_mirror_common(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                   BlockDriverState *target,
-                                   bool has_replaces, const char *replaces,
-                                   enum MirrorSyncMode sync,
-                                   bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
-                                   bool has_granularity, uint32_t granularity,
-                                   bool has_buf_size, int64_t buf_size,
-                                   bool has_on_source_error,
-                                   BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
-                                   bool has_on_target_error,
-                                   BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
-                                   bool has_unmap, bool unmap,
-                                   Error **errp)
-{
-
-    if (!has_speed) {
-        speed = 0;
-    }
-    if (!has_on_source_error) {
-        on_source_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
-    }
-    if (!has_on_target_error) {
-        on_target_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
-    }
-    if (!has_granularity) {
-        granularity = 0;
-    }
-    if (!has_buf_size) {
-        buf_size = 0;
-    }
-    if (!has_unmap) {
-        unmap = true;
-    }
-
-    if (granularity != 0 && (granularity < 512 || granularity > 1048576 * 64)) {
-        error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "granularity",
-                   "a value in range [512B, 64MB]");
-        return;
-    }
-    if (granularity & (granularity - 1)) {
-        error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "granularity",
-                   "power of 2");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(bs, BLOCK_OP_TYPE_MIRROR_SOURCE, errp)) {
-        return;
-    }
-    if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(target, BLOCK_OP_TYPE_MIRROR_TARGET, errp)) {
-        return;
-    }
-    if (target->blk) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Cannot mirror to an attached block device");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (!bs->backing && sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_TOP) {
-        sync = MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL;
-    }
-
-    /* pass the node name to replace to mirror start since it's loose coupling
-     * and will allow to check whether the node still exist at mirror completion
-     */
-    mirror_start(bs, target,
-                 has_replaces ? replaces : NULL,
-                 speed, granularity, buf_size, sync,
-                 on_source_error, on_target_error, unmap,
-                 block_job_cb, bs, errp);
-}
-
-void qmp_drive_mirror(const char *device, const char *target,
-                      bool has_format, const char *format,
-                      bool has_node_name, const char *node_name,
-                      bool has_replaces, const char *replaces,
-                      enum MirrorSyncMode sync,
-                      bool has_mode, enum NewImageMode mode,
-                      bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
-                      bool has_granularity, uint32_t granularity,
-                      bool has_buf_size, int64_t buf_size,
-                      bool has_on_source_error, BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
-                      bool has_on_target_error, BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
-                      bool has_unmap, bool unmap,
-                      Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    BlockDriverState *source, *target_bs;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-    QDict *options = NULL;
-    int flags;
-    int64_t size;
-    int ret;
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
-                  "Device '%s' not found", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-    if (!blk_is_available(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
-        goto out;
-    }
-    bs = blk_bs(blk);
-    if (!has_mode) {
-        mode = NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS;
-    }
-
-    if (!has_format) {
-        format = mode == NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING ? NULL : bs->drv->format_name;
-    }
-
-    flags = bs->open_flags | BDRV_O_RDWR;
-    source = backing_bs(bs);
-    if (!source && sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_TOP) {
-        sync = MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL;
-    }
-    if (sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_NONE) {
-        source = bs;
-    }
-
-    size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
-    if (size < 0) {
-        error_setg_errno(errp, -size, "bdrv_getlength failed");
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    if (has_replaces) {
-        BlockDriverState *to_replace_bs;
-        AioContext *replace_aio_context;
-        int64_t replace_size;
-
-        if (!has_node_name) {
-            error_setg(errp, "a node-name must be provided when replacing a"
-                             " named node of the graph");
-            goto out;
-        }
-
-        to_replace_bs = check_to_replace_node(bs, replaces, &local_err);
-
-        if (!to_replace_bs) {
-            error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-            goto out;
-        }
-
-        replace_aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(to_replace_bs);
-        aio_context_acquire(replace_aio_context);
-        replace_size = bdrv_getlength(to_replace_bs);
-        aio_context_release(replace_aio_context);
-
-        if (size != replace_size) {
-            error_setg(errp, "cannot replace image with a mirror image of "
-                             "different size");
-            goto out;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if ((sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL || !source)
-        && mode != NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING)
-    {
-        /* create new image w/o backing file */
-        assert(format);
-        bdrv_img_create(target, format,
-                        NULL, NULL, NULL, size, flags, &local_err, false);
-    } else {
-        switch (mode) {
-        case NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING:
-            break;
-        case NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS:
-            /* create new image with backing file */
-            bdrv_img_create(target, format,
-                            source->filename,
-                            source->drv->format_name,
-                            NULL, size, flags, &local_err, false);
-            break;
-        default:
-            abort();
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    options = qdict_new();
-    if (has_node_name) {
-        qdict_put(options, "node-name", qstring_from_str(node_name));
-    }
-    if (format) {
-        qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(format));
-    }
-
-    /* Mirroring takes care of copy-on-write using the source's backing
-     * file.
-     */
-    target_bs = NULL;
-    ret = bdrv_open(&target_bs, target, NULL, options,
-                    flags | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, &local_err);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    bdrv_set_aio_context(target_bs, aio_context);
-
-    blockdev_mirror_common(bs, target_bs,
-                           has_replaces, replaces, sync,
-                           has_speed, speed,
-                           has_granularity, granularity,
-                           has_buf_size, buf_size,
-                           has_on_source_error, on_source_error,
-                           has_on_target_error, on_target_error,
-                           has_unmap, unmap,
-                           &local_err);
-    if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        bdrv_unref(target_bs);
-    }
-out:
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-void qmp_blockdev_mirror(const char *device, const char *target,
-                         bool has_replaces, const char *replaces,
-                         MirrorSyncMode sync,
-                         bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
-                         bool has_granularity, uint32_t granularity,
-                         bool has_buf_size, int64_t buf_size,
-                         bool has_on_source_error,
-                         BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
-                         bool has_on_target_error,
-                         BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
-                         Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    BlockDriverState *target_bs;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' not found", device);
-        return;
-    }
-    bs = blk_bs(blk);
-
-    if (!bs) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' has no media", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    target_bs = bdrv_lookup_bs(target, target, errp);
-    if (!target_bs) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
-    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-    bdrv_ref(target_bs);
-    bdrv_set_aio_context(target_bs, aio_context);
-
-    blockdev_mirror_common(bs, target_bs,
-                           has_replaces, replaces, sync,
-                           has_speed, speed,
-                           has_granularity, granularity,
-                           has_buf_size, buf_size,
-                           has_on_source_error, on_source_error,
-                           has_on_target_error, on_target_error,
-                           true, true,
-                           &local_err);
-    if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        bdrv_unref(target_bs);
-    }
-
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-/* Get the block job for a given device name and acquire its AioContext */
-static BlockJob *find_block_job(const char *device, AioContext **aio_context,
-                                Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-
-    *aio_context = NULL;
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        goto notfound;
-    }
-
-    *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    aio_context_acquire(*aio_context);
-
-    if (!blk_is_available(blk)) {
-        goto notfound;
-    }
-    bs = blk_bs(blk);
-
-    if (!bs->job) {
-        goto notfound;
-    }
-
-    return bs->job;
-
-notfound:
-    error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_ACTIVE,
-              "No active block job on device '%s'", device);
-    if (*aio_context) {
-        aio_context_release(*aio_context);
-        *aio_context = NULL;
-    }
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-void qmp_block_job_set_speed(const char *device, int64_t speed, Error **errp)
-{
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device, &aio_context, errp);
-
-    if (!job) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    block_job_set_speed(job, speed, errp);
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-void qmp_block_job_cancel(const char *device,
-                          bool has_force, bool force, Error **errp)
-{
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device, &aio_context, errp);
-
-    if (!job) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (!has_force) {
-        force = false;
-    }
-
-    if (job->user_paused && !force) {
-        error_setg(errp, "The block job for device '%s' is currently paused",
-                   device);
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    trace_qmp_block_job_cancel(job);
-    block_job_cancel(job);
-out:
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-void qmp_block_job_pause(const char *device, Error **errp)
-{
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device, &aio_context, errp);
-
-    if (!job || job->user_paused) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    job->user_paused = true;
-    trace_qmp_block_job_pause(job);
-    block_job_pause(job);
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-void qmp_block_job_resume(const char *device, Error **errp)
-{
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device, &aio_context, errp);
-
-    if (!job || !job->user_paused) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    job->user_paused = false;
-    trace_qmp_block_job_resume(job);
-    block_job_resume(job);
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-void qmp_block_job_complete(const char *device, Error **errp)
-{
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device, &aio_context, errp);
-
-    if (!job) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    trace_qmp_block_job_complete(job);
-    block_job_complete(job, errp);
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-void qmp_change_backing_file(const char *device,
-                             const char *image_node_name,
-                             const char *backing_file,
-                             Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    BlockDriverState *image_bs = NULL;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-    bool ro;
-    int open_flags;
-    int ret;
-
-    blk = blk_by_name(device);
-    if (!blk) {
-        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
-                  "Device '%s' not found", device);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-    if (!blk_is_available(blk)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' has no medium", device);
-        goto out;
-    }
-    bs = blk_bs(blk);
-
-    image_bs = bdrv_lookup_bs(NULL, image_node_name, &local_err);
-    if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    if (!image_bs) {
-        error_setg(errp, "image file not found");
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    if (bdrv_find_base(image_bs) == image_bs) {
-        error_setg(errp, "not allowing backing file change on an image "
-                         "without a backing file");
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    /* even though we are not necessarily operating on bs, we need it to
-     * determine if block ops are currently prohibited on the chain */
-    if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(bs, BLOCK_OP_TYPE_CHANGE, errp)) {
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    /* final sanity check */
-    if (!bdrv_chain_contains(bs, image_bs)) {
-        error_setg(errp, "'%s' and image file are not in the same chain",
-                   device);
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    /* if not r/w, reopen to make r/w */
-    open_flags = image_bs->open_flags;
-    ro = bdrv_is_read_only(image_bs);
-
-    if (ro) {
-        bdrv_reopen(image_bs, open_flags | BDRV_O_RDWR, &local_err);
-        if (local_err) {
-            error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-            goto out;
-        }
-    }
-
-    ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(image_bs, backing_file,
-                               image_bs->drv ? image_bs->drv->format_name : "");
-
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not change backing file to '%s'",
-                         backing_file);
-        /* don't exit here, so we can try to restore open flags if
-         * appropriate */
-    }
-
-    if (ro) {
-        bdrv_reopen(image_bs, open_flags, &local_err);
-        if (local_err) {
-            error_propagate(errp, local_err); /* will preserve prior errp */
-        }
-    }
-
-out:
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-void hmp_drive_add_node(Monitor *mon, const char *optstr)
-{
-    QemuOpts *opts;
-    QDict *qdict;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-
-    opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_drive_opts, optstr, false);
-    if (!opts) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
-
-    if (!qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "node-name")) {
-        QDECREF(qdict);
-        error_report("'node-name' needs to be specified");
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    BlockDriverState *bs = bds_tree_init(qdict, &local_err);
-    if (!bs) {
-        error_report_err(local_err);
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&monitor_bdrv_states, bs, monitor_list);
-
-out:
-    qemu_opts_del(opts);
-}
-
-void qmp_blockdev_add(BlockdevOptions *options, Error **errp)
-{
-    QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
-    QObject *obj;
-    QDict *qdict;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-
-    /* TODO Sort it out in raw-posix and drive_new(): Reject aio=native with
-     * cache.direct=false instead of silently switching to aio=threads, except
-     * when called from drive_new().
-     *
-     * For now, simply forbidding the combination for all drivers will do. */
-    if (options->has_aio && options->aio == BLOCKDEV_AIO_OPTIONS_NATIVE) {
-        bool direct = options->has_cache &&
-                      options->cache->has_direct &&
-                      options->cache->direct;
-        if (!direct) {
-            error_setg(errp, "aio=native requires cache.direct=true");
-            goto fail;
-        }
-    }
-
-    visit_type_BlockdevOptions(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov), NULL, &options,
-                               &local_err);
-    if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
-    qdict = qobject_to_qdict(obj);
-
-    qdict_flatten(qdict);
-
-    if (options->has_id) {
-        blk = blockdev_init(NULL, qdict, &local_err);
-        if (local_err) {
-            error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-            goto fail;
-        }
-
-        bs = blk_bs(blk);
-    } else {
-        if (!qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "node-name")) {
-            error_setg(errp, "'id' and/or 'node-name' need to be specified for "
-                       "the root node");
-            goto fail;
-        }
-
-        bs = bds_tree_init(qdict, errp);
-        if (!bs) {
-            goto fail;
-        }
-
-        QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&monitor_bdrv_states, bs, monitor_list);
-    }
-
-    if (bs && bdrv_key_required(bs)) {
-        if (blk) {
-            monitor_remove_blk(blk);
-            blk_unref(blk);
-        } else {
-            QTAILQ_REMOVE(&monitor_bdrv_states, bs, monitor_list);
-            bdrv_unref(bs);
-        }
-        error_setg(errp, "blockdev-add doesn't support encrypted devices");
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-fail:
-    qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
-}
-
-void qmp_x_blockdev_del(bool has_id, const char *id,
-                        bool has_node_name, const char *node_name, Error **errp)
-{
-    AioContext *aio_context;
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-
-    if (has_id && has_node_name) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Only one of id and node-name must be specified");
-        return;
-    } else if (!has_id && !has_node_name) {
-        error_setg(errp, "No block device specified");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (has_id) {
-        /* blk_by_name() never returns a BB that is not owned by the monitor */
-        blk = blk_by_name(id);
-        if (!blk) {
-            error_setg(errp, "Cannot find block backend %s", id);
-            return;
-        }
-        if (blk_legacy_dinfo(blk)) {
-            error_setg(errp, "Deleting block backend added with drive-add"
-                       " is not supported");
-            return;
-        }
-        if (blk_get_refcnt(blk) > 1) {
-            error_setg(errp, "Block backend %s is in use", id);
-            return;
-        }
-        bs = blk_bs(blk);
-        aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    } else {
-        bs = bdrv_find_node(node_name);
-        if (!bs) {
-            error_setg(errp, "Cannot find node %s", node_name);
-            return;
-        }
-        blk = bs->blk;
-        if (blk) {
-            error_setg(errp, "Node %s is in use by %s",
-                       node_name, blk_name(blk));
-            return;
-        }
-        aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
-    }
-
-    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-    if (bs) {
-        if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(bs, BLOCK_OP_TYPE_DRIVE_DEL, errp)) {
-            goto out;
-        }
-
-        if (!blk && !bs->monitor_list.tqe_prev) {
-            error_setg(errp, "Node %s is not owned by the monitor",
-                       bs->node_name);
-            goto out;
-        }
-
-        if (bs->refcnt > 1) {
-            error_setg(errp, "Block device %s is in use",
-                       bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
-            goto out;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (blk) {
-        monitor_remove_blk(blk);
-        blk_unref(blk);
-    } else {
-        QTAILQ_REMOVE(&monitor_bdrv_states, bs, monitor_list);
-        bdrv_unref(bs);
-    }
-
-out:
-    aio_context_release(aio_context);
-}
-
-BlockJobInfoList *qmp_query_block_jobs(Error **errp)
-{
-    BlockJobInfoList *head = NULL, **p_next = &head;
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-
-    for (bs = bdrv_next(NULL); bs; bs = bdrv_next(bs)) {
-        AioContext *aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
-
-        aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
-
-        if (bs->job) {
-            BlockJobInfoList *elem = g_new0(BlockJobInfoList, 1);
-            elem->value = block_job_query(bs->job);
-            *p_next = elem;
-            p_next = &elem->next;
-        }
-
-        aio_context_release(aio_context);
-    }
-
-    return head;
-}
-
-QemuOptsList qemu_common_drive_opts = {
-    .name = "drive",
-    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_common_drive_opts.head),
-    .desc = {
-        {
-            .name = "snapshot",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
-            .help = "enable/disable snapshot mode",
-        },{
-            .name = "discard",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "discard operation (ignore/off, unmap/on)",
-        },{
-            .name = "aio",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "host AIO implementation (threads, native)",
-        },{
-            .name = BDRV_OPT_CACHE_WB,
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
-            .help = "Enable writeback mode",
-        },{
-            .name = "format",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "disk format (raw, qcow2, ...)",
-        },{
-            .name = "rerror",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "read error action",
-        },{
-            .name = "werror",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "write error action",
-        },{
-            .name = "read-only",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
-            .help = "open drive file as read-only",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.iops-total",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "limit total I/O operations per second",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.iops-read",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "limit read operations per second",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.iops-write",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "limit write operations per second",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.bps-total",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "limit total bytes per second",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.bps-read",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "limit read bytes per second",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.bps-write",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "limit write bytes per second",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.iops-total-max",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "I/O operations burst",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.iops-read-max",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "I/O operations read burst",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.iops-write-max",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "I/O operations write burst",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.bps-total-max",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "total bytes burst",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.bps-read-max",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "total bytes read burst",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.bps-write-max",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "total bytes write burst",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.iops-total-max-length",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "length of the iops-total-max burst period, in seconds",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.iops-read-max-length",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "length of the iops-read-max burst period, in seconds",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.iops-write-max-length",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "length of the iops-write-max burst period, in seconds",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.bps-total-max-length",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "length of the bps-total-max burst period, in seconds",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.bps-read-max-length",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "length of the bps-read-max burst period, in seconds",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.bps-write-max-length",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "length of the bps-write-max burst period, in seconds",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.iops-size",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "when limiting by iops max size of an I/O in bytes",
-        },{
-            .name = "throttling.group",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "name of the block throttling group",
-        },{
-            .name = "copy-on-read",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
-            .help = "copy read data from backing file into image file",
-        },{
-            .name = "detect-zeroes",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "try to optimize zero writes (off, on, unmap)",
-        },{
-            .name = "stats-account-invalid",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
-            .help = "whether to account for invalid I/O operations "
-                    "in the statistics",
-        },{
-            .name = "stats-account-failed",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
-            .help = "whether to account for failed I/O operations "
-                    "in the statistics",
-        },
-        { /* end of list */ }
-    },
-};
-
-static QemuOptsList qemu_root_bds_opts = {
-    .name = "root-bds",
-    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_root_bds_opts.head),
-    .desc = {
-        {
-            .name = "discard",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "discard operation (ignore/off, unmap/on)",
-        },{
-            .name = "aio",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "host AIO implementation (threads, native)",
-        },{
-            .name = "read-only",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
-            .help = "open drive file as read-only",
-        },{
-            .name = "copy-on-read",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
-            .help = "copy read data from backing file into image file",
-        },{
-            .name = "detect-zeroes",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "try to optimize zero writes (off, on, unmap)",
-        },
-        { /* end of list */ }
-    },
-};
-
-QemuOptsList qemu_drive_opts = {
-    .name = "drive",
-    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_drive_opts.head),
-    .desc = {
-        /*
-         * no elements => accept any params
-         * validation will happen later
-         */
-        { /* end of list */ }
-    },
-};