Add qemu 2.4.0

Change-Id: Ic99cbad4b61f8b127b7dc74d04576c0bcbaaf4f5
Signed-off-by: Yang Zhang <yang.z.zhang@intel.com>

1 files changed, 2301 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/qemu/block/vmdk.c b/qemu/block/vmdk.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fbaab67c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/qemu/block/vmdk.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2301 @@
+/*
+ * Block driver for the VMDK format
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2004 Fabrice Bellard
+ * Copyright (c) 2005 Filip Navara
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu-common.h"
+#include "block/block_int.h"
+#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "qemu/module.h"
+#include "migration/migration.h"
+#include <zlib.h>
+#include <glib.h>
+
+#define VMDK3_MAGIC (('C' << 24) | ('O' << 16) | ('W' << 8) | 'D')
+#define VMDK4_MAGIC (('K' << 24) | ('D' << 16) | ('M' << 8) | 'V')
+#define VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE 1
+#define VMDK4_FLAG_NL_DETECT (1 << 0)
+#define VMDK4_FLAG_RGD (1 << 1)
+/* Zeroed-grain enable bit */
+#define VMDK4_FLAG_ZERO_GRAIN   (1 << 2)
+#define VMDK4_FLAG_COMPRESS (1 << 16)
+#define VMDK4_FLAG_MARKER (1 << 17)
+#define VMDK4_GD_AT_END 0xffffffffffffffffULL
+
+#define VMDK_GTE_ZEROED 0x1
+
+/* VMDK internal error codes */
+#define VMDK_OK      0
+#define VMDK_ERROR   (-1)
+/* Cluster not allocated */
+#define VMDK_UNALLOC (-2)
+#define VMDK_ZEROED  (-3)
+
+#define BLOCK_OPT_ZEROED_GRAIN "zeroed_grain"
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t version;
+    uint32_t flags;
+    uint32_t disk_sectors;
+    uint32_t granularity;
+    uint32_t l1dir_offset;
+    uint32_t l1dir_size;
+    uint32_t file_sectors;
+    uint32_t cylinders;
+    uint32_t heads;
+    uint32_t sectors_per_track;
+} QEMU_PACKED VMDK3Header;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t version;
+    uint32_t flags;
+    uint64_t capacity;
+    uint64_t granularity;
+    uint64_t desc_offset;
+    uint64_t desc_size;
+    /* Number of GrainTableEntries per GrainTable */
+    uint32_t num_gtes_per_gt;
+    uint64_t rgd_offset;
+    uint64_t gd_offset;
+    uint64_t grain_offset;
+    char filler[1];
+    char check_bytes[4];
+    uint16_t compressAlgorithm;
+} QEMU_PACKED VMDK4Header;
+
+#define L2_CACHE_SIZE 16
+
+typedef struct VmdkExtent {
+    BlockDriverState *file;
+    bool flat;
+    bool compressed;
+    bool has_marker;
+    bool has_zero_grain;
+    int version;
+    int64_t sectors;
+    int64_t end_sector;
+    int64_t flat_start_offset;
+    int64_t l1_table_offset;
+    int64_t l1_backup_table_offset;
+    uint32_t *l1_table;
+    uint32_t *l1_backup_table;
+    unsigned int l1_size;
+    uint32_t l1_entry_sectors;
+
+    unsigned int l2_size;
+    uint32_t *l2_cache;
+    uint32_t l2_cache_offsets[L2_CACHE_SIZE];
+    uint32_t l2_cache_counts[L2_CACHE_SIZE];
+
+    int64_t cluster_sectors;
+    int64_t next_cluster_sector;
+    char *type;
+} VmdkExtent;
+
+typedef struct BDRVVmdkState {
+    CoMutex lock;
+    uint64_t desc_offset;
+    bool cid_updated;
+    bool cid_checked;
+    uint32_t cid;
+    uint32_t parent_cid;
+    int num_extents;
+    /* Extent array with num_extents entries, ascend ordered by address */
+    VmdkExtent *extents;
+    Error *migration_blocker;
+    char *create_type;
+} BDRVVmdkState;
+
+typedef struct VmdkMetaData {
+    unsigned int l1_index;
+    unsigned int l2_index;
+    unsigned int l2_offset;
+    int valid;
+    uint32_t *l2_cache_entry;
+} VmdkMetaData;
+
+typedef struct VmdkGrainMarker {
+    uint64_t lba;
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint8_t  data[0];
+} QEMU_PACKED VmdkGrainMarker;
+
+enum {
+    MARKER_END_OF_STREAM    = 0,
+    MARKER_GRAIN_TABLE      = 1,
+    MARKER_GRAIN_DIRECTORY  = 2,
+    MARKER_FOOTER           = 3,
+};
+
+static int vmdk_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename)
+{
+    uint32_t magic;
+
+    if (buf_size < 4) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    magic = be32_to_cpu(*(uint32_t *)buf);
+    if (magic == VMDK3_MAGIC ||
+        magic == VMDK4_MAGIC) {
+        return 100;
+    } else {
+        const char *p = (const char *)buf;
+        const char *end = p + buf_size;
+        while (p < end) {
+            if (*p == '#') {
+                /* skip comment line */
+                while (p < end && *p != '\n') {
+                    p++;
+                }
+                p++;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (*p == ' ') {
+                while (p < end && *p == ' ') {
+                    p++;
+                }
+                /* skip '\r' if windows line endings used. */
+                if (p < end && *p == '\r') {
+                    p++;
+                }
+                /* only accept blank lines before 'version=' line */
+                if (p == end || *p != '\n') {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                p++;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (end - p >= strlen("version=X\n")) {
+                if (strncmp("version=1\n", p, strlen("version=1\n")) == 0 ||
+                    strncmp("version=2\n", p, strlen("version=2\n")) == 0) {
+                    return 100;
+                }
+            }
+            if (end - p >= strlen("version=X\r\n")) {
+                if (strncmp("version=1\r\n", p, strlen("version=1\r\n")) == 0 ||
+                    strncmp("version=2\r\n", p, strlen("version=2\r\n")) == 0) {
+                    return 100;
+                }
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+#define SECTOR_SIZE 512
+#define DESC_SIZE (20 * SECTOR_SIZE)    /* 20 sectors of 512 bytes each */
+#define BUF_SIZE 4096
+#define HEADER_SIZE 512                 /* first sector of 512 bytes */
+
+static void vmdk_free_extents(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    int i;
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    VmdkExtent *e;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
+        e = &s->extents[i];
+        g_free(e->l1_table);
+        g_free(e->l2_cache);
+        g_free(e->l1_backup_table);
+        g_free(e->type);
+        if (e->file != bs->file) {
+            bdrv_unref(e->file);
+        }
+    }
+    g_free(s->extents);
+}
+
+static void vmdk_free_last_extent(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+
+    if (s->num_extents == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    s->num_extents--;
+    s->extents = g_renew(VmdkExtent, s->extents, s->num_extents);
+}
+
+static uint32_t vmdk_read_cid(BlockDriverState *bs, int parent)
+{
+    char desc[DESC_SIZE];
+    uint32_t cid = 0xffffffff;
+    const char *p_name, *cid_str;
+    size_t cid_str_size;
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    int ret;
+
+    ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (parent) {
+        cid_str = "parentCID";
+        cid_str_size = sizeof("parentCID");
+    } else {
+        cid_str = "CID";
+        cid_str_size = sizeof("CID");
+    }
+
+    desc[DESC_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
+    p_name = strstr(desc, cid_str);
+    if (p_name != NULL) {
+        p_name += cid_str_size;
+        sscanf(p_name, "%" SCNx32, &cid);
+    }
+
+    return cid;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_write_cid(BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t cid)
+{
+    char desc[DESC_SIZE], tmp_desc[DESC_SIZE];
+    char *p_name, *tmp_str;
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    int ret;
+
+    ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    desc[DESC_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
+    tmp_str = strstr(desc, "parentCID");
+    if (tmp_str == NULL) {
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    pstrcpy(tmp_desc, sizeof(tmp_desc), tmp_str);
+    p_name = strstr(desc, "CID");
+    if (p_name != NULL) {
+        p_name += sizeof("CID");
+        snprintf(p_name, sizeof(desc) - (p_name - desc), "%" PRIx32 "\n", cid);
+        pstrcat(desc, sizeof(desc), tmp_desc);
+    }
+
+    ret = bdrv_pwrite_sync(bs->file, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_is_cid_valid(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    BlockDriverState *p_bs = bs->backing_hd;
+    uint32_t cur_pcid;
+
+    if (!s->cid_checked && p_bs) {
+        cur_pcid = vmdk_read_cid(p_bs, 0);
+        if (s->parent_cid != cur_pcid) {
+            /* CID not valid */
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    s->cid_checked = true;
+    /* CID valid */
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/* We have nothing to do for VMDK reopen, stubs just return success */
+static int vmdk_reopen_prepare(BDRVReopenState *state,
+                               BlockReopenQueue *queue, Error **errp)
+{
+    assert(state != NULL);
+    assert(state->bs != NULL);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_parent_open(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    char *p_name;
+    char desc[DESC_SIZE + 1];
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    int ret;
+
+    desc[DESC_SIZE] = '\0';
+    ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    p_name = strstr(desc, "parentFileNameHint");
+    if (p_name != NULL) {
+        char *end_name;
+
+        p_name += sizeof("parentFileNameHint") + 1;
+        end_name = strchr(p_name, '\"');
+        if (end_name == NULL) {
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+        if ((end_name - p_name) > sizeof(bs->backing_file) - 1) {
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        pstrcpy(bs->backing_file, end_name - p_name + 1, p_name);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Create and append extent to the extent array. Return the added VmdkExtent
+ * address. return NULL if allocation failed. */
+static int vmdk_add_extent(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                           BlockDriverState *file, bool flat, int64_t sectors,
+                           int64_t l1_offset, int64_t l1_backup_offset,
+                           uint32_t l1_size,
+                           int l2_size, uint64_t cluster_sectors,
+                           VmdkExtent **new_extent,
+                           Error **errp)
+{
+    VmdkExtent *extent;
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    int64_t nb_sectors;
+
+    if (cluster_sectors > 0x200000) {
+        /* 0x200000 * 512Bytes = 1GB for one cluster is unrealistic */
+        error_setg(errp, "Invalid granularity, image may be corrupt");
+        return -EFBIG;
+    }
+    if (l1_size > 512 * 1024 * 1024) {
+        /* Although with big capacity and small l1_entry_sectors, we can get a
+         * big l1_size, we don't want unbounded value to allocate the table.
+         * Limit it to 512M, which is 16PB for default cluster and L2 table
+         * size */
+        error_setg(errp, "L1 size too big");
+        return -EFBIG;
+    }
+
+    nb_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(file);
+    if (nb_sectors < 0) {
+        return nb_sectors;
+    }
+
+    s->extents = g_renew(VmdkExtent, s->extents, s->num_extents + 1);
+    extent = &s->extents[s->num_extents];
+    s->num_extents++;
+
+    memset(extent, 0, sizeof(VmdkExtent));
+    extent->file = file;
+    extent->flat = flat;
+    extent->sectors = sectors;
+    extent->l1_table_offset = l1_offset;
+    extent->l1_backup_table_offset = l1_backup_offset;
+    extent->l1_size = l1_size;
+    extent->l1_entry_sectors = l2_size * cluster_sectors;
+    extent->l2_size = l2_size;
+    extent->cluster_sectors = flat ? sectors : cluster_sectors;
+    extent->next_cluster_sector = ROUND_UP(nb_sectors, cluster_sectors);
+
+    if (s->num_extents > 1) {
+        extent->end_sector = (*(extent - 1)).end_sector + extent->sectors;
+    } else {
+        extent->end_sector = extent->sectors;
+    }
+    bs->total_sectors = extent->end_sector;
+    if (new_extent) {
+        *new_extent = extent;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_init_tables(BlockDriverState *bs, VmdkExtent *extent,
+                            Error **errp)
+{
+    int ret;
+    size_t l1_size;
+    int i;
+
+    /* read the L1 table */
+    l1_size = extent->l1_size * sizeof(uint32_t);
+    extent->l1_table = g_try_malloc(l1_size);
+    if (l1_size && extent->l1_table == NULL) {
+        return -ENOMEM;
+    }
+
+    ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file,
+                     extent->l1_table_offset,
+                     extent->l1_table,
+                     l1_size);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
+                         "Could not read l1 table from extent '%s'",
+                         extent->file->filename);
+        goto fail_l1;
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < extent->l1_size; i++) {
+        le32_to_cpus(&extent->l1_table[i]);
+    }
+
+    if (extent->l1_backup_table_offset) {
+        extent->l1_backup_table = g_try_malloc(l1_size);
+        if (l1_size && extent->l1_backup_table == NULL) {
+            ret = -ENOMEM;
+            goto fail_l1;
+        }
+        ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file,
+                         extent->l1_backup_table_offset,
+                         extent->l1_backup_table,
+                         l1_size);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
+                             "Could not read l1 backup table from extent '%s'",
+                             extent->file->filename);
+            goto fail_l1b;
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < extent->l1_size; i++) {
+            le32_to_cpus(&extent->l1_backup_table[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    extent->l2_cache =
+        g_new(uint32_t, extent->l2_size * L2_CACHE_SIZE);
+    return 0;
+ fail_l1b:
+    g_free(extent->l1_backup_table);
+ fail_l1:
+    g_free(extent->l1_table);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_open_vmfs_sparse(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                 BlockDriverState *file,
+                                 int flags, Error **errp)
+{
+    int ret;
+    uint32_t magic;
+    VMDK3Header header;
+    VmdkExtent *extent;
+
+    ret = bdrv_pread(file, sizeof(magic), &header, sizeof(header));
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
+                         "Could not read header from file '%s'",
+                         file->filename);
+        return ret;
+    }
+    ret = vmdk_add_extent(bs, file, false,
+                          le32_to_cpu(header.disk_sectors),
+                          (int64_t)le32_to_cpu(header.l1dir_offset) << 9,
+                          0,
+                          le32_to_cpu(header.l1dir_size),
+                          4096,
+                          le32_to_cpu(header.granularity),
+                          &extent,
+                          errp);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+    ret = vmdk_init_tables(bs, extent, errp);
+    if (ret) {
+        /* free extent allocated by vmdk_add_extent */
+        vmdk_free_last_extent(bs);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_open_desc_file(BlockDriverState *bs, int flags, char *buf,
+                               QDict *options, Error **errp);
+
+static char *vmdk_read_desc(BlockDriverState *file, uint64_t desc_offset,
+                            Error **errp)
+{
+    int64_t size;
+    char *buf;
+    int ret;
+
+    size = bdrv_getlength(file);
+    if (size < 0) {
+        error_setg_errno(errp, -size, "Could not access file");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (size < 4) {
+        /* Both descriptor file and sparse image must be much larger than 4
+         * bytes, also callers of vmdk_read_desc want to compare the first 4
+         * bytes with VMDK4_MAGIC, let's error out if less is read. */
+        error_setg(errp, "File is too small, not a valid image");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    size = MIN(size, (1 << 20) - 1);  /* avoid unbounded allocation */
+    buf = g_malloc(size + 1);
+
+    ret = bdrv_pread(file, desc_offset, buf, size);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not read from file");
+        g_free(buf);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    buf[ret] = 0;
+
+    return buf;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_open_vmdk4(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                           BlockDriverState *file,
+                           int flags, QDict *options, Error **errp)
+{
+    int ret;
+    uint32_t magic;
+    uint32_t l1_size, l1_entry_sectors;
+    VMDK4Header header;
+    VmdkExtent *extent;
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    int64_t l1_backup_offset = 0;
+
+    ret = bdrv_pread(file, sizeof(magic), &header, sizeof(header));
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
+                         "Could not read header from file '%s'",
+                         file->filename);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+    if (header.capacity == 0) {
+        uint64_t desc_offset = le64_to_cpu(header.desc_offset);
+        if (desc_offset) {
+            char *buf = vmdk_read_desc(file, desc_offset << 9, errp);
+            if (!buf) {
+                return -EINVAL;
+            }
+            ret = vmdk_open_desc_file(bs, flags, buf, options, errp);
+            g_free(buf);
+            return ret;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!s->create_type) {
+        s->create_type = g_strdup("monolithicSparse");
+    }
+
+    if (le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) == VMDK4_GD_AT_END) {
+        /*
+         * The footer takes precedence over the header, so read it in. The
+         * footer starts at offset -1024 from the end: One sector for the
+         * footer, and another one for the end-of-stream marker.
+         */
+        struct {
+            struct {
+                uint64_t val;
+                uint32_t size;
+                uint32_t type;
+                uint8_t pad[512 - 16];
+            } QEMU_PACKED footer_marker;
+
+            uint32_t magic;
+            VMDK4Header header;
+            uint8_t pad[512 - 4 - sizeof(VMDK4Header)];
+
+            struct {
+                uint64_t val;
+                uint32_t size;
+                uint32_t type;
+                uint8_t pad[512 - 16];
+            } QEMU_PACKED eos_marker;
+        } QEMU_PACKED footer;
+
+        ret = bdrv_pread(file,
+            bs->file->total_sectors * 512 - 1536,
+            &footer, sizeof(footer));
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to read footer");
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        /* Some sanity checks for the footer */
+        if (be32_to_cpu(footer.magic) != VMDK4_MAGIC ||
+            le32_to_cpu(footer.footer_marker.size) != 0  ||
+            le32_to_cpu(footer.footer_marker.type) != MARKER_FOOTER ||
+            le64_to_cpu(footer.eos_marker.val) != 0  ||
+            le32_to_cpu(footer.eos_marker.size) != 0  ||
+            le32_to_cpu(footer.eos_marker.type) != MARKER_END_OF_STREAM)
+        {
+            error_setg(errp, "Invalid footer");
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        header = footer.header;
+    }
+
+    if (le32_to_cpu(header.version) > 3) {
+        char buf[64];
+        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "VMDK version %" PRId32,
+                 le32_to_cpu(header.version));
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_UNKNOWN_BLOCK_FORMAT_FEATURE,
+                   bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs), "vmdk", buf);
+        return -ENOTSUP;
+    } else if (le32_to_cpu(header.version) == 3 && (flags & BDRV_O_RDWR)) {
+        /* VMware KB 2064959 explains that version 3 added support for
+         * persistent changed block tracking (CBT), and backup software can
+         * read it as version=1 if it doesn't care about the changed area
+         * information. So we are safe to enable read only. */
+        error_setg(errp, "VMDK version 3 must be read only");
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    if (le32_to_cpu(header.num_gtes_per_gt) > 512) {
+        error_setg(errp, "L2 table size too big");
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    l1_entry_sectors = le32_to_cpu(header.num_gtes_per_gt)
+                        * le64_to_cpu(header.granularity);
+    if (l1_entry_sectors == 0) {
+        error_setg(errp, "L1 entry size is invalid");
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+    l1_size = (le64_to_cpu(header.capacity) + l1_entry_sectors - 1)
+                / l1_entry_sectors;
+    if (le32_to_cpu(header.flags) & VMDK4_FLAG_RGD) {
+        l1_backup_offset = le64_to_cpu(header.rgd_offset) << 9;
+    }
+    if (bdrv_nb_sectors(file) < le64_to_cpu(header.grain_offset)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "File truncated, expecting at least %" PRId64 " bytes",
+                   (int64_t)(le64_to_cpu(header.grain_offset)
+                             * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE));
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    ret = vmdk_add_extent(bs, file, false,
+                          le64_to_cpu(header.capacity),
+                          le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) << 9,
+                          l1_backup_offset,
+                          l1_size,
+                          le32_to_cpu(header.num_gtes_per_gt),
+                          le64_to_cpu(header.granularity),
+                          &extent,
+                          errp);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+    extent->compressed =
+        le16_to_cpu(header.compressAlgorithm) == VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE;
+    if (extent->compressed) {
+        g_free(s->create_type);
+        s->create_type = g_strdup("streamOptimized");
+    }
+    extent->has_marker = le32_to_cpu(header.flags) & VMDK4_FLAG_MARKER;
+    extent->version = le32_to_cpu(header.version);
+    extent->has_zero_grain = le32_to_cpu(header.flags) & VMDK4_FLAG_ZERO_GRAIN;
+    ret = vmdk_init_tables(bs, extent, errp);
+    if (ret) {
+        /* free extent allocated by vmdk_add_extent */
+        vmdk_free_last_extent(bs);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/* find an option value out of descriptor file */
+static int vmdk_parse_description(const char *desc, const char *opt_name,
+        char *buf, int buf_size)
+{
+    char *opt_pos, *opt_end;
+    const char *end = desc + strlen(desc);
+
+    opt_pos = strstr(desc, opt_name);
+    if (!opt_pos) {
+        return VMDK_ERROR;
+    }
+    /* Skip "=\"" following opt_name */
+    opt_pos += strlen(opt_name) + 2;
+    if (opt_pos >= end) {
+        return VMDK_ERROR;
+    }
+    opt_end = opt_pos;
+    while (opt_end < end && *opt_end != '"') {
+        opt_end++;
+    }
+    if (opt_end == end || buf_size < opt_end - opt_pos + 1) {
+        return VMDK_ERROR;
+    }
+    pstrcpy(buf, opt_end - opt_pos + 1, opt_pos);
+    return VMDK_OK;
+}
+
+/* Open an extent file and append to bs array */
+static int vmdk_open_sparse(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                            BlockDriverState *file, int flags,
+                            char *buf, QDict *options, Error **errp)
+{
+    uint32_t magic;
+
+    magic = ldl_be_p(buf);
+    switch (magic) {
+        case VMDK3_MAGIC:
+            return vmdk_open_vmfs_sparse(bs, file, flags, errp);
+            break;
+        case VMDK4_MAGIC:
+            return vmdk_open_vmdk4(bs, file, flags, options, errp);
+            break;
+        default:
+            error_setg(errp, "Image not in VMDK format");
+            return -EINVAL;
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+static int vmdk_parse_extents(const char *desc, BlockDriverState *bs,
+                              const char *desc_file_path, QDict *options,
+                              Error **errp)
+{
+    int ret;
+    int matches;
+    char access[11];
+    char type[11];
+    char fname[512];
+    const char *p = desc;
+    int64_t sectors = 0;
+    int64_t flat_offset;
+    char *extent_path;
+    BlockDriverState *extent_file;
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    VmdkExtent *extent;
+    char extent_opt_prefix[32];
+
+    while (*p) {
+        /* parse extent line in one of below formats:
+         *
+         * RW [size in sectors] FLAT "file-name.vmdk" OFFSET
+         * RW [size in sectors] SPARSE "file-name.vmdk"
+         * RW [size in sectors] VMFS "file-name.vmdk"
+         * RW [size in sectors] VMFSSPARSE "file-name.vmdk"
+         */
+        flat_offset = -1;
+        matches = sscanf(p, "%10s %" SCNd64 " %10s \"%511[^\n\r\"]\" %" SCNd64,
+                         access, &sectors, type, fname, &flat_offset);
+        if (matches < 4 || strcmp(access, "RW")) {
+            goto next_line;
+        } else if (!strcmp(type, "FLAT")) {
+            if (matches != 5 || flat_offset < 0) {
+                error_setg(errp, "Invalid extent lines: \n%s", p);
+                return -EINVAL;
+            }
+        } else if (!strcmp(type, "VMFS")) {
+            if (matches == 4) {
+                flat_offset = 0;
+            } else {
+                error_setg(errp, "Invalid extent lines:\n%s", p);
+                return -EINVAL;
+            }
+        } else if (matches != 4) {
+            error_setg(errp, "Invalid extent lines:\n%s", p);
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if (sectors <= 0 ||
+            (strcmp(type, "FLAT") && strcmp(type, "SPARSE") &&
+             strcmp(type, "VMFS") && strcmp(type, "VMFSSPARSE")) ||
+            (strcmp(access, "RW"))) {
+            goto next_line;
+        }
+
+        if (!path_is_absolute(fname) && !path_has_protocol(fname) &&
+            !desc_file_path[0])
+        {
+            error_setg(errp, "Cannot use relative extent paths with VMDK "
+                       "descriptor file '%s'", bs->file->filename);
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        extent_path = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
+        path_combine(extent_path, PATH_MAX, desc_file_path, fname);
+        extent_file = NULL;
+
+        ret = snprintf(extent_opt_prefix, 32, "extents.%d", s->num_extents);
+        assert(ret < 32);
+
+        ret = bdrv_open_image(&extent_file, extent_path, options,
+                              extent_opt_prefix, bs, &child_file, false, errp);
+        g_free(extent_path);
+        if (ret) {
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        /* save to extents array */
+        if (!strcmp(type, "FLAT") || !strcmp(type, "VMFS")) {
+            /* FLAT extent */
+
+            ret = vmdk_add_extent(bs, extent_file, true, sectors,
+                            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &extent, errp);
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                bdrv_unref(extent_file);
+                return ret;
+            }
+            extent->flat_start_offset = flat_offset << 9;
+        } else if (!strcmp(type, "SPARSE") || !strcmp(type, "VMFSSPARSE")) {
+            /* SPARSE extent and VMFSSPARSE extent are both "COWD" sparse file*/
+            char *buf = vmdk_read_desc(extent_file, 0, errp);
+            if (!buf) {
+                ret = -EINVAL;
+            } else {
+                ret = vmdk_open_sparse(bs, extent_file, bs->open_flags, buf,
+                                       options, errp);
+            }
+            g_free(buf);
+            if (ret) {
+                bdrv_unref(extent_file);
+                return ret;
+            }
+            extent = &s->extents[s->num_extents - 1];
+        } else {
+            error_setg(errp, "Unsupported extent type '%s'", type);
+            bdrv_unref(extent_file);
+            return -ENOTSUP;
+        }
+        extent->type = g_strdup(type);
+next_line:
+        /* move to next line */
+        while (*p) {
+            if (*p == '\n') {
+                p++;
+                break;
+            }
+            p++;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_open_desc_file(BlockDriverState *bs, int flags, char *buf,
+                               QDict *options, Error **errp)
+{
+    int ret;
+    char ct[128];
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+
+    if (vmdk_parse_description(buf, "createType", ct, sizeof(ct))) {
+        error_setg(errp, "invalid VMDK image descriptor");
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (strcmp(ct, "monolithicFlat") &&
+        strcmp(ct, "vmfs") &&
+        strcmp(ct, "vmfsSparse") &&
+        strcmp(ct, "twoGbMaxExtentSparse") &&
+        strcmp(ct, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat")) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Unsupported image type '%s'", ct);
+        ret = -ENOTSUP;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    s->create_type = g_strdup(ct);
+    s->desc_offset = 0;
+    ret = vmdk_parse_extents(buf, bs, bs->file->exact_filename, options, errp);
+exit:
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                     Error **errp)
+{
+    char *buf;
+    int ret;
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    uint32_t magic;
+
+    buf = vmdk_read_desc(bs->file, 0, errp);
+    if (!buf) {
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    magic = ldl_be_p(buf);
+    switch (magic) {
+        case VMDK3_MAGIC:
+        case VMDK4_MAGIC:
+            ret = vmdk_open_sparse(bs, bs->file, flags, buf, options, errp);
+            s->desc_offset = 0x200;
+            break;
+        default:
+            ret = vmdk_open_desc_file(bs, flags, buf, options, errp);
+            break;
+    }
+    if (ret) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* try to open parent images, if exist */
+    ret = vmdk_parent_open(bs);
+    if (ret) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    s->cid = vmdk_read_cid(bs, 0);
+    s->parent_cid = vmdk_read_cid(bs, 1);
+    qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
+
+    /* Disable migration when VMDK images are used */
+    error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The vmdk format used by node '%s' "
+               "does not support live migration",
+               bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
+    migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
+    g_free(buf);
+    return 0;
+
+fail:
+    g_free(buf);
+    g_free(s->create_type);
+    s->create_type = NULL;
+    vmdk_free_extents(bs);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+static void vmdk_refresh_limits(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
+{
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
+        if (!s->extents[i].flat) {
+            bs->bl.write_zeroes_alignment =
+                MAX(bs->bl.write_zeroes_alignment,
+                    s->extents[i].cluster_sectors);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * get_whole_cluster
+ *
+ * Copy backing file's cluster that covers @sector_num, otherwise write zero,
+ * to the cluster at @cluster_sector_num.
+ *
+ * If @skip_start_sector < @skip_end_sector, the relative range
+ * [@skip_start_sector, @skip_end_sector) is not copied or written, and leave
+ * it for call to write user data in the request.
+ */
+static int get_whole_cluster(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                             VmdkExtent *extent,
+                             uint64_t cluster_sector_num,
+                             uint64_t sector_num,
+                             uint64_t skip_start_sector,
+                             uint64_t skip_end_sector)
+{
+    int ret = VMDK_OK;
+    int64_t cluster_bytes;
+    uint8_t *whole_grain;
+
+    /* For COW, align request sector_num to cluster start */
+    sector_num = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(sector_num, extent->cluster_sectors);
+    cluster_bytes = extent->cluster_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
+    whole_grain = qemu_blockalign(bs, cluster_bytes);
+
+    if (!bs->backing_hd) {
+        memset(whole_grain, 0,  skip_start_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
+        memset(whole_grain + (skip_end_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), 0,
+               cluster_bytes - (skip_end_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS));
+    }
+
+    assert(skip_end_sector <= extent->cluster_sectors);
+    /* we will be here if it's first write on non-exist grain(cluster).
+     * try to read from parent image, if exist */
+    if (bs->backing_hd && !vmdk_is_cid_valid(bs)) {
+        ret = VMDK_ERROR;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    /* Read backing data before skip range */
+    if (skip_start_sector > 0) {
+        if (bs->backing_hd) {
+            ret = bdrv_read(bs->backing_hd, sector_num,
+                            whole_grain, skip_start_sector);
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                ret = VMDK_ERROR;
+                goto exit;
+            }
+        }
+        ret = bdrv_write(extent->file, cluster_sector_num, whole_grain,
+                         skip_start_sector);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            ret = VMDK_ERROR;
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    /* Read backing data after skip range */
+    if (skip_end_sector < extent->cluster_sectors) {
+        if (bs->backing_hd) {
+            ret = bdrv_read(bs->backing_hd, sector_num + skip_end_sector,
+                            whole_grain + (skip_end_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS),
+                            extent->cluster_sectors - skip_end_sector);
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                ret = VMDK_ERROR;
+                goto exit;
+            }
+        }
+        ret = bdrv_write(extent->file, cluster_sector_num + skip_end_sector,
+                         whole_grain + (skip_end_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS),
+                         extent->cluster_sectors - skip_end_sector);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            ret = VMDK_ERROR;
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+
+exit:
+    qemu_vfree(whole_grain);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_L2update(VmdkExtent *extent, VmdkMetaData *m_data,
+                         uint32_t offset)
+{
+    offset = cpu_to_le32(offset);
+    /* update L2 table */
+    if (bdrv_pwrite_sync(
+                extent->file,
+                ((int64_t)m_data->l2_offset * 512)
+                    + (m_data->l2_index * sizeof(offset)),
+                &offset, sizeof(offset)) < 0) {
+        return VMDK_ERROR;
+    }
+    /* update backup L2 table */
+    if (extent->l1_backup_table_offset != 0) {
+        m_data->l2_offset = extent->l1_backup_table[m_data->l1_index];
+        if (bdrv_pwrite_sync(
+                    extent->file,
+                    ((int64_t)m_data->l2_offset * 512)
+                        + (m_data->l2_index * sizeof(offset)),
+                    &offset, sizeof(offset)) < 0) {
+            return VMDK_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+    if (m_data->l2_cache_entry) {
+        *m_data->l2_cache_entry = offset;
+    }
+
+    return VMDK_OK;
+}
+
+/**
+ * get_cluster_offset
+ *
+ * Look up cluster offset in extent file by sector number, and store in
+ * @cluster_offset.
+ *
+ * For flat extents, the start offset as parsed from the description file is
+ * returned.
+ *
+ * For sparse extents, look up in L1, L2 table. If allocate is true, return an
+ * offset for a new cluster and update L2 cache. If there is a backing file,
+ * COW is done before returning; otherwise, zeroes are written to the allocated
+ * cluster. Both COW and zero writing skips the sector range
+ * [@skip_start_sector, @skip_end_sector) passed in by caller, because caller
+ * has new data to write there.
+ *
+ * Returns: VMDK_OK if cluster exists and mapped in the image.
+ *          VMDK_UNALLOC if cluster is not mapped and @allocate is false.
+ *          VMDK_ERROR if failed.
+ */
+static int get_cluster_offset(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                              VmdkExtent *extent,
+                              VmdkMetaData *m_data,
+                              uint64_t offset,
+                              bool allocate,
+                              uint64_t *cluster_offset,
+                              uint64_t skip_start_sector,
+                              uint64_t skip_end_sector)
+{
+    unsigned int l1_index, l2_offset, l2_index;
+    int min_index, i, j;
+    uint32_t min_count, *l2_table;
+    bool zeroed = false;
+    int64_t ret;
+    int64_t cluster_sector;
+
+    if (m_data) {
+        m_data->valid = 0;
+    }
+    if (extent->flat) {
+        *cluster_offset = extent->flat_start_offset;
+        return VMDK_OK;
+    }
+
+    offset -= (extent->end_sector - extent->sectors) * SECTOR_SIZE;
+    l1_index = (offset >> 9) / extent->l1_entry_sectors;
+    if (l1_index >= extent->l1_size) {
+        return VMDK_ERROR;
+    }
+    l2_offset = extent->l1_table[l1_index];
+    if (!l2_offset) {
+        return VMDK_UNALLOC;
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < L2_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (l2_offset == extent->l2_cache_offsets[i]) {
+            /* increment the hit count */
+            if (++extent->l2_cache_counts[i] == 0xffffffff) {
+                for (j = 0; j < L2_CACHE_SIZE; j++) {
+                    extent->l2_cache_counts[j] >>= 1;
+                }
+            }
+            l2_table = extent->l2_cache + (i * extent->l2_size);
+            goto found;
+        }
+    }
+    /* not found: load a new entry in the least used one */
+    min_index = 0;
+    min_count = 0xffffffff;
+    for (i = 0; i < L2_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (extent->l2_cache_counts[i] < min_count) {
+            min_count = extent->l2_cache_counts[i];
+            min_index = i;
+        }
+    }
+    l2_table = extent->l2_cache + (min_index * extent->l2_size);
+    if (bdrv_pread(
+                extent->file,
+                (int64_t)l2_offset * 512,
+                l2_table,
+                extent->l2_size * sizeof(uint32_t)
+            ) != extent->l2_size * sizeof(uint32_t)) {
+        return VMDK_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    extent->l2_cache_offsets[min_index] = l2_offset;
+    extent->l2_cache_counts[min_index] = 1;
+ found:
+    l2_index = ((offset >> 9) / extent->cluster_sectors) % extent->l2_size;
+    cluster_sector = le32_to_cpu(l2_table[l2_index]);
+
+    if (m_data) {
+        m_data->valid = 1;
+        m_data->l1_index = l1_index;
+        m_data->l2_index = l2_index;
+        m_data->l2_offset = l2_offset;
+        m_data->l2_cache_entry = &l2_table[l2_index];
+    }
+    if (extent->has_zero_grain && cluster_sector == VMDK_GTE_ZEROED) {
+        zeroed = true;
+    }
+
+    if (!cluster_sector || zeroed) {
+        if (!allocate) {
+            return zeroed ? VMDK_ZEROED : VMDK_UNALLOC;
+        }
+
+        cluster_sector = extent->next_cluster_sector;
+        extent->next_cluster_sector += extent->cluster_sectors;
+
+        /* First of all we write grain itself, to avoid race condition
+         * that may to corrupt the image.
+         * This problem may occur because of insufficient space on host disk
+         * or inappropriate VM shutdown.
+         */
+        ret = get_whole_cluster(bs, extent,
+                                cluster_sector,
+                                offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
+                                skip_start_sector, skip_end_sector);
+        if (ret) {
+            return ret;
+        }
+    }
+    *cluster_offset = cluster_sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
+    return VMDK_OK;
+}
+
+static VmdkExtent *find_extent(BDRVVmdkState *s,
+                                int64_t sector_num, VmdkExtent *start_hint)
+{
+    VmdkExtent *extent = start_hint;
+
+    if (!extent) {
+        extent = &s->extents[0];
+    }
+    while (extent < &s->extents[s->num_extents]) {
+        if (sector_num < extent->end_sector) {
+            return extent;
+        }
+        extent++;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t vmdk_find_index_in_cluster(VmdkExtent *extent,
+                                                  int64_t sector_num)
+{
+    uint64_t index_in_cluster, extent_begin_sector, extent_relative_sector_num;
+
+    extent_begin_sector = extent->end_sector - extent->sectors;
+    extent_relative_sector_num = sector_num - extent_begin_sector;
+    index_in_cluster = extent_relative_sector_num % extent->cluster_sectors;
+    return index_in_cluster;
+}
+
+static int64_t coroutine_fn vmdk_co_get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, int *pnum)
+{
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    int64_t index_in_cluster, n, ret;
+    uint64_t offset;
+    VmdkExtent *extent;
+
+    extent = find_extent(s, sector_num, NULL);
+    if (!extent) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
+    ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, NULL,
+                             sector_num * 512, false, &offset,
+                             0, 0);
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
+
+    switch (ret) {
+    case VMDK_ERROR:
+        ret = -EIO;
+        break;
+    case VMDK_UNALLOC:
+        ret = 0;
+        break;
+    case VMDK_ZEROED:
+        ret = BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO;
+        break;
+    case VMDK_OK:
+        ret = BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
+        if (extent->file == bs->file && !extent->compressed) {
+            ret |= BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID | offset;
+        }
+
+        break;
+    }
+
+    index_in_cluster = vmdk_find_index_in_cluster(extent, sector_num);
+    n = extent->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster;
+    if (n > nb_sectors) {
+        n = nb_sectors;
+    }
+    *pnum = n;
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_write_extent(VmdkExtent *extent, int64_t cluster_offset,
+                            int64_t offset_in_cluster, const uint8_t *buf,
+                            int nb_sectors, int64_t sector_num)
+{
+    int ret;
+    VmdkGrainMarker *data = NULL;
+    uLongf buf_len;
+    const uint8_t *write_buf = buf;
+    int write_len = nb_sectors * 512;
+    int64_t write_offset;
+    int64_t write_end_sector;
+
+    if (extent->compressed) {
+        if (!extent->has_marker) {
+            ret = -EINVAL;
+            goto out;
+        }
+        buf_len = (extent->cluster_sectors << 9) * 2;
+        data = g_malloc(buf_len + sizeof(VmdkGrainMarker));
+        if (compress(data->data, &buf_len, buf, nb_sectors << 9) != Z_OK ||
+                buf_len == 0) {
+            ret = -EINVAL;
+            goto out;
+        }
+        data->lba = sector_num;
+        data->size = buf_len;
+        write_buf = (uint8_t *)data;
+        write_len = buf_len + sizeof(VmdkGrainMarker);
+    }
+    write_offset = cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster,
+    ret = bdrv_pwrite(extent->file, write_offset, write_buf, write_len);
+
+    write_end_sector = DIV_ROUND_UP(write_offset + write_len, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
+
+    extent->next_cluster_sector = MAX(extent->next_cluster_sector,
+                                      write_end_sector);
+
+    if (ret != write_len) {
+        ret = ret < 0 ? ret : -EIO;
+        goto out;
+    }
+    ret = 0;
+ out:
+    g_free(data);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_read_extent(VmdkExtent *extent, int64_t cluster_offset,
+                            int64_t offset_in_cluster, uint8_t *buf,
+                            int nb_sectors)
+{
+    int ret;
+    int cluster_bytes, buf_bytes;
+    uint8_t *cluster_buf, *compressed_data;
+    uint8_t *uncomp_buf;
+    uint32_t data_len;
+    VmdkGrainMarker *marker;
+    uLongf buf_len;
+
+
+    if (!extent->compressed) {
+        ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file,
+                          cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster,
+                          buf, nb_sectors * 512);
+        if (ret == nb_sectors * 512) {
+            return 0;
+        } else {
+            return -EIO;
+        }
+    }
+    cluster_bytes = extent->cluster_sectors * 512;
+    /* Read two clusters in case GrainMarker + compressed data > one cluster */
+    buf_bytes = cluster_bytes * 2;
+    cluster_buf = g_malloc(buf_bytes);
+    uncomp_buf = g_malloc(cluster_bytes);
+    ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file,
+                cluster_offset,
+                cluster_buf, buf_bytes);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        goto out;
+    }
+    compressed_data = cluster_buf;
+    buf_len = cluster_bytes;
+    data_len = cluster_bytes;
+    if (extent->has_marker) {
+        marker = (VmdkGrainMarker *)cluster_buf;
+        compressed_data = marker->data;
+        data_len = le32_to_cpu(marker->size);
+    }
+    if (!data_len || data_len > buf_bytes) {
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto out;
+    }
+    ret = uncompress(uncomp_buf, &buf_len, compressed_data, data_len);
+    if (ret != Z_OK) {
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto out;
+
+    }
+    if (offset_in_cluster < 0 ||
+            offset_in_cluster + nb_sectors * 512 > buf_len) {
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto out;
+    }
+    memcpy(buf, uncomp_buf + offset_in_cluster, nb_sectors * 512);
+    ret = 0;
+
+ out:
+    g_free(uncomp_buf);
+    g_free(cluster_buf);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_read(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
+                    uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors)
+{
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    int ret;
+    uint64_t n, index_in_cluster;
+    VmdkExtent *extent = NULL;
+    uint64_t cluster_offset;
+
+    while (nb_sectors > 0) {
+        extent = find_extent(s, sector_num, extent);
+        if (!extent) {
+            return -EIO;
+        }
+        ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, NULL,
+                                 sector_num << 9, false, &cluster_offset,
+                                 0, 0);
+        index_in_cluster = vmdk_find_index_in_cluster(extent, sector_num);
+        n = extent->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster;
+        if (n > nb_sectors) {
+            n = nb_sectors;
+        }
+        if (ret != VMDK_OK) {
+            /* if not allocated, try to read from parent image, if exist */
+            if (bs->backing_hd && ret != VMDK_ZEROED) {
+                if (!vmdk_is_cid_valid(bs)) {
+                    return -EINVAL;
+                }
+                ret = bdrv_read(bs->backing_hd, sector_num, buf, n);
+                if (ret < 0) {
+                    return ret;
+                }
+            } else {
+                memset(buf, 0, 512 * n);
+            }
+        } else {
+            ret = vmdk_read_extent(extent,
+                            cluster_offset, index_in_cluster * 512,
+                            buf, n);
+            if (ret) {
+                return ret;
+            }
+        }
+        nb_sectors -= n;
+        sector_num += n;
+        buf += n * 512;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static coroutine_fn int vmdk_co_read(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
+                                     uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors)
+{
+    int ret;
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
+    ret = vmdk_read(bs, sector_num, buf, nb_sectors);
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * vmdk_write:
+ * @zeroed:       buf is ignored (data is zero), use zeroed_grain GTE feature
+ *                if possible, otherwise return -ENOTSUP.
+ * @zero_dry_run: used for zeroed == true only, don't update L2 table, just try
+ *                with each cluster. By dry run we can find if the zero write
+ *                is possible without modifying image data.
+ *
+ * Returns: error code with 0 for success.
+ */
+static int vmdk_write(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
+                      const uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors,
+                      bool zeroed, bool zero_dry_run)
+{
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    VmdkExtent *extent = NULL;
+    int ret;
+    int64_t index_in_cluster, n;
+    uint64_t cluster_offset;
+    VmdkMetaData m_data;
+
+    if (sector_num > bs->total_sectors) {
+        error_report("Wrong offset: sector_num=0x%" PRIx64
+                " total_sectors=0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
+                sector_num, bs->total_sectors);
+        return -EIO;
+    }
+
+    while (nb_sectors > 0) {
+        extent = find_extent(s, sector_num, extent);
+        if (!extent) {
+            return -EIO;
+        }
+        index_in_cluster = vmdk_find_index_in_cluster(extent, sector_num);
+        n = extent->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster;
+        if (n > nb_sectors) {
+            n = nb_sectors;
+        }
+        ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, &m_data, sector_num << 9,
+                                 !(extent->compressed || zeroed),
+                                 &cluster_offset,
+                                 index_in_cluster, index_in_cluster + n);
+        if (extent->compressed) {
+            if (ret == VMDK_OK) {
+                /* Refuse write to allocated cluster for streamOptimized */
+                error_report("Could not write to allocated cluster"
+                              " for streamOptimized");
+                return -EIO;
+            } else {
+                /* allocate */
+                ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, &m_data, sector_num << 9,
+                                         true, &cluster_offset, 0, 0);
+            }
+        }
+        if (ret == VMDK_ERROR) {
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+        if (zeroed) {
+            /* Do zeroed write, buf is ignored */
+            if (extent->has_zero_grain &&
+                    index_in_cluster == 0 &&
+                    n >= extent->cluster_sectors) {
+                n = extent->cluster_sectors;
+                if (!zero_dry_run) {
+                    /* update L2 tables */
+                    if (vmdk_L2update(extent, &m_data, VMDK_GTE_ZEROED)
+                            != VMDK_OK) {
+                        return -EIO;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                return -ENOTSUP;
+            }
+        } else {
+            ret = vmdk_write_extent(extent,
+                            cluster_offset, index_in_cluster * 512,
+                            buf, n, sector_num);
+            if (ret) {
+                return ret;
+            }
+            if (m_data.valid) {
+                /* update L2 tables */
+                if (vmdk_L2update(extent, &m_data,
+                                  cluster_offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)
+                        != VMDK_OK) {
+                    return -EIO;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        nb_sectors -= n;
+        sector_num += n;
+        buf += n * 512;
+
+        /* update CID on the first write every time the virtual disk is
+         * opened */
+        if (!s->cid_updated) {
+            ret = vmdk_write_cid(bs, g_random_int());
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                return ret;
+            }
+            s->cid_updated = true;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static coroutine_fn int vmdk_co_write(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
+                                      const uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors)
+{
+    int ret;
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
+    ret = vmdk_write(bs, sector_num, buf, nb_sectors, false, false);
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_write_compressed(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                 int64_t sector_num,
+                                 const uint8_t *buf,
+                                 int nb_sectors)
+{
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    if (s->num_extents == 1 && s->extents[0].compressed) {
+        return vmdk_write(bs, sector_num, buf, nb_sectors, false, false);
+    } else {
+        return -ENOTSUP;
+    }
+}
+
+static int coroutine_fn vmdk_co_write_zeroes(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                             int64_t sector_num,
+                                             int nb_sectors,
+                                             BdrvRequestFlags flags)
+{
+    int ret;
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
+    /* write zeroes could fail if sectors not aligned to cluster, test it with
+     * dry_run == true before really updating image */
+    ret = vmdk_write(bs, sector_num, NULL, nb_sectors, true, true);
+    if (!ret) {
+        ret = vmdk_write(bs, sector_num, NULL, nb_sectors, true, false);
+    }
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_create_extent(const char *filename, int64_t filesize,
+                              bool flat, bool compress, bool zeroed_grain,
+                              QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    int ret, i;
+    BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
+    VMDK4Header header;
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+    uint32_t tmp, magic, grains, gd_sectors, gt_size, gt_count;
+    uint32_t *gd_buf = NULL;
+    int gd_buf_size;
+
+    ret = bdrv_create_file(filename, opts, &local_err);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    assert(bs == NULL);
+    ret = bdrv_open(&bs, filename, NULL, NULL, BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_PROTOCOL,
+                    NULL, &local_err);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    if (flat) {
+        ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, filesize);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not truncate file");
+        }
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    magic = cpu_to_be32(VMDK4_MAGIC);
+    memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header));
+    header.version = zeroed_grain ? 2 : 1;
+    header.flags = VMDK4_FLAG_RGD | VMDK4_FLAG_NL_DETECT
+                   | (compress ? VMDK4_FLAG_COMPRESS | VMDK4_FLAG_MARKER : 0)
+                   | (zeroed_grain ? VMDK4_FLAG_ZERO_GRAIN : 0);
+    header.compressAlgorithm = compress ? VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE : 0;
+    header.capacity = filesize / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
+    header.granularity = 128;
+    header.num_gtes_per_gt = BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
+
+    grains = DIV_ROUND_UP(filesize / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, header.granularity);
+    gt_size = DIV_ROUND_UP(header.num_gtes_per_gt * sizeof(uint32_t),
+                           BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
+    gt_count = DIV_ROUND_UP(grains, header.num_gtes_per_gt);
+    gd_sectors = DIV_ROUND_UP(gt_count * sizeof(uint32_t), BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
+
+    header.desc_offset = 1;
+    header.desc_size = 20;
+    header.rgd_offset = header.desc_offset + header.desc_size;
+    header.gd_offset = header.rgd_offset + gd_sectors + (gt_size * gt_count);
+    header.grain_offset =
+        ROUND_UP(header.gd_offset + gd_sectors + (gt_size * gt_count),
+                 header.granularity);
+    /* swap endianness for all header fields */
+    header.version = cpu_to_le32(header.version);
+    header.flags = cpu_to_le32(header.flags);
+    header.capacity = cpu_to_le64(header.capacity);
+    header.granularity = cpu_to_le64(header.granularity);
+    header.num_gtes_per_gt = cpu_to_le32(header.num_gtes_per_gt);
+    header.desc_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.desc_offset);
+    header.desc_size = cpu_to_le64(header.desc_size);
+    header.rgd_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.rgd_offset);
+    header.gd_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.gd_offset);
+    header.grain_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.grain_offset);
+    header.compressAlgorithm = cpu_to_le16(header.compressAlgorithm);
+
+    header.check_bytes[0] = 0xa;
+    header.check_bytes[1] = 0x20;
+    header.check_bytes[2] = 0xd;
+    header.check_bytes[3] = 0xa;
+
+    /* write all the data */
+    ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs, 0, &magic, sizeof(magic));
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs, sizeof(magic), &header, sizeof(header));
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, le64_to_cpu(header.grain_offset) << 9);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not truncate file");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    /* write grain directory */
+    gd_buf_size = gd_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
+    gd_buf = g_malloc0(gd_buf_size);
+    for (i = 0, tmp = le64_to_cpu(header.rgd_offset) + gd_sectors;
+         i < gt_count; i++, tmp += gt_size) {
+        gd_buf[i] = cpu_to_le32(tmp);
+    }
+    ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs, le64_to_cpu(header.rgd_offset) * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
+                      gd_buf, gd_buf_size);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    /* write backup grain directory */
+    for (i = 0, tmp = le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) + gd_sectors;
+         i < gt_count; i++, tmp += gt_size) {
+        gd_buf[i] = cpu_to_le32(tmp);
+    }
+    ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs, le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
+                      gd_buf, gd_buf_size);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    ret = 0;
+exit:
+    if (bs) {
+        bdrv_unref(bs);
+    }
+    g_free(gd_buf);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int filename_decompose(const char *filename, char *path, char *prefix,
+                              char *postfix, size_t buf_len, Error **errp)
+{
+    const char *p, *q;
+
+    if (filename == NULL || !strlen(filename)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "No filename provided");
+        return VMDK_ERROR;
+    }
+    p = strrchr(filename, '/');
+    if (p == NULL) {
+        p = strrchr(filename, '\\');
+    }
+    if (p == NULL) {
+        p = strrchr(filename, ':');
+    }
+    if (p != NULL) {
+        p++;
+        if (p - filename >= buf_len) {
+            return VMDK_ERROR;
+        }
+        pstrcpy(path, p - filename + 1, filename);
+    } else {
+        p = filename;
+        path[0] = '\0';
+    }
+    q = strrchr(p, '.');
+    if (q == NULL) {
+        pstrcpy(prefix, buf_len, p);
+        postfix[0] = '\0';
+    } else {
+        if (q - p >= buf_len) {
+            return VMDK_ERROR;
+        }
+        pstrcpy(prefix, q - p + 1, p);
+        pstrcpy(postfix, buf_len, q);
+    }
+    return VMDK_OK;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_create(const char *filename, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    int idx = 0;
+    BlockDriverState *new_bs = NULL;
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+    char *desc = NULL;
+    int64_t total_size = 0, filesize;
+    char *adapter_type = NULL;
+    char *backing_file = NULL;
+    char *fmt = NULL;
+    int flags = 0;
+    int ret = 0;
+    bool flat, split, compress;
+    GString *ext_desc_lines;
+    char *path = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
+    char *prefix = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
+    char *postfix = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
+    char *desc_line = g_malloc0(BUF_SIZE);
+    char *ext_filename = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
+    char *desc_filename = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
+    const int64_t split_size = 0x80000000;  /* VMDK has constant split size */
+    const char *desc_extent_line;
+    char *parent_desc_line = g_malloc0(BUF_SIZE);
+    uint32_t parent_cid = 0xffffffff;
+    uint32_t number_heads = 16;
+    bool zeroed_grain = false;
+    uint32_t desc_offset = 0, desc_len;
+    const char desc_template[] =
+        "# Disk DescriptorFile\n"
+        "version=1\n"
+        "CID=%" PRIx32 "\n"
+        "parentCID=%" PRIx32 "\n"
+        "createType=\"%s\"\n"
+        "%s"
+        "\n"
+        "# Extent description\n"
+        "%s"
+        "\n"
+        "# The Disk Data Base\n"
+        "#DDB\n"
+        "\n"
+        "ddb.virtualHWVersion = \"%d\"\n"
+        "ddb.geometry.cylinders = \"%" PRId64 "\"\n"
+        "ddb.geometry.heads = \"%" PRIu32 "\"\n"
+        "ddb.geometry.sectors = \"63\"\n"
+        "ddb.adapterType = \"%s\"\n";
+
+    ext_desc_lines = g_string_new(NULL);
+
+    if (filename_decompose(filename, path, prefix, postfix, PATH_MAX, errp)) {
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    /* Read out options */
+    total_size = ROUND_UP(qemu_opt_get_size_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0),
+                          BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
+    adapter_type = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ADAPTER_TYPE);
+    backing_file = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
+    if (qemu_opt_get_bool_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6, false)) {
+        flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6;
+    }
+    fmt = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT);
+    if (qemu_opt_get_bool_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ZEROED_GRAIN, false)) {
+        zeroed_grain = true;
+    }
+
+    if (!adapter_type) {
+        adapter_type = g_strdup("ide");
+    } else if (strcmp(adapter_type, "ide") &&
+               strcmp(adapter_type, "buslogic") &&
+               strcmp(adapter_type, "lsilogic") &&
+               strcmp(adapter_type, "legacyESX")) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Unknown adapter type: '%s'", adapter_type);
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (strcmp(adapter_type, "ide") != 0) {
+        /* that's the number of heads with which vmware operates when
+           creating, exporting, etc. vmdk files with a non-ide adapter type */
+        number_heads = 255;
+    }
+    if (!fmt) {
+        /* Default format to monolithicSparse */
+        fmt = g_strdup("monolithicSparse");
+    } else if (strcmp(fmt, "monolithicFlat") &&
+               strcmp(fmt, "monolithicSparse") &&
+               strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentSparse") &&
+               strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat") &&
+               strcmp(fmt, "streamOptimized")) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Unknown subformat: '%s'", fmt);
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    split = !(strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat") &&
+              strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentSparse"));
+    flat = !(strcmp(fmt, "monolithicFlat") &&
+             strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat"));
+    compress = !strcmp(fmt, "streamOptimized");
+    if (flat) {
+        desc_extent_line = "RW %" PRId64 " FLAT \"%s\" 0\n";
+    } else {
+        desc_extent_line = "RW %" PRId64 " SPARSE \"%s\"\n";
+    }
+    if (flat && backing_file) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Flat image can't have backing file");
+        ret = -ENOTSUP;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (flat && zeroed_grain) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Flat image can't enable zeroed grain");
+        ret = -ENOTSUP;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (backing_file) {
+        BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
+        char *full_backing = g_new0(char, PATH_MAX);
+        bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(filename, backing_file,
+                                                     full_backing, PATH_MAX,
+                                                     &local_err);
+        if (local_err) {
+            g_free(full_backing);
+            error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+            ret = -ENOENT;
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        ret = bdrv_open(&bs, full_backing, NULL, NULL, BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, NULL,
+                        errp);
+        g_free(full_backing);
+        if (ret != 0) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strcmp(bs->drv->format_name, "vmdk")) {
+            bdrv_unref(bs);
+            ret = -EINVAL;
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        parent_cid = vmdk_read_cid(bs, 0);
+        bdrv_unref(bs);
+        snprintf(parent_desc_line, BUF_SIZE,
+                "parentFileNameHint=\"%s\"", backing_file);
+    }
+
+    /* Create extents */
+    filesize = total_size;
+    while (filesize > 0) {
+        int64_t size = filesize;
+
+        if (split && size > split_size) {
+            size = split_size;
+        }
+        if (split) {
+            snprintf(desc_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s-%c%03d%s",
+                    prefix, flat ? 'f' : 's', ++idx, postfix);
+        } else if (flat) {
+            snprintf(desc_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s-flat%s", prefix, postfix);
+        } else {
+            snprintf(desc_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s%s", prefix, postfix);
+        }
+        snprintf(ext_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s%s", path, desc_filename);
+
+        if (vmdk_create_extent(ext_filename, size,
+                               flat, compress, zeroed_grain, opts, errp)) {
+            ret = -EINVAL;
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        filesize -= size;
+
+        /* Format description line */
+        snprintf(desc_line, BUF_SIZE,
+                    desc_extent_line, size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, desc_filename);
+        g_string_append(ext_desc_lines, desc_line);
+    }
+    /* generate descriptor file */
+    desc = g_strdup_printf(desc_template,
+                           g_random_int(),
+                           parent_cid,
+                           fmt,
+                           parent_desc_line,
+                           ext_desc_lines->str,
+                           (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6 ? 6 : 4),
+                           total_size /
+                               (int64_t)(63 * number_heads * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE),
+                           number_heads,
+                           adapter_type);
+    desc_len = strlen(desc);
+    /* the descriptor offset = 0x200 */
+    if (!split && !flat) {
+        desc_offset = 0x200;
+    } else {
+        ret = bdrv_create_file(filename, opts, &local_err);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    assert(new_bs == NULL);
+    ret = bdrv_open(&new_bs, filename, NULL, NULL,
+                    BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_PROTOCOL, NULL, &local_err);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    ret = bdrv_pwrite(new_bs, desc_offset, desc, desc_len);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not write description");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    /* bdrv_pwrite write padding zeros to align to sector, we don't need that
+     * for description file */
+    if (desc_offset == 0) {
+        ret = bdrv_truncate(new_bs, desc_len);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not truncate file");
+        }
+    }
+exit:
+    if (new_bs) {
+        bdrv_unref(new_bs);
+    }
+    g_free(adapter_type);
+    g_free(backing_file);
+    g_free(fmt);
+    g_free(desc);
+    g_free(path);
+    g_free(prefix);
+    g_free(postfix);
+    g_free(desc_line);
+    g_free(ext_filename);
+    g_free(desc_filename);
+    g_free(parent_desc_line);
+    g_string_free(ext_desc_lines, true);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static void vmdk_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+
+    vmdk_free_extents(bs);
+    g_free(s->create_type);
+
+    migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
+    error_free(s->migration_blocker);
+}
+
+static coroutine_fn int vmdk_co_flush(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    int i, err;
+    int ret = 0;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
+        err = bdrv_co_flush(s->extents[i].file);
+        if (err < 0) {
+            ret = err;
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int64_t vmdk_get_allocated_file_size(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    int i;
+    int64_t ret = 0;
+    int64_t r;
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+
+    ret = bdrv_get_allocated_file_size(bs->file);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
+        if (s->extents[i].file == bs->file) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        r = bdrv_get_allocated_file_size(s->extents[i].file);
+        if (r < 0) {
+            return r;
+        }
+        ret += r;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_has_zero_init(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    int i;
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+
+    /* If has a flat extent and its underlying storage doesn't have zero init,
+     * return 0. */
+    for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
+        if (s->extents[i].flat) {
+            if (!bdrv_has_zero_init(s->extents[i].file)) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static ImageInfo *vmdk_get_extent_info(VmdkExtent *extent)
+{
+    ImageInfo *info = g_new0(ImageInfo, 1);
+
+    *info = (ImageInfo){
+        .filename         = g_strdup(extent->file->filename),
+        .format           = g_strdup(extent->type),
+        .virtual_size     = extent->sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
+        .compressed       = extent->compressed,
+        .has_compressed   = extent->compressed,
+        .cluster_size     = extent->cluster_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
+        .has_cluster_size = !extent->flat,
+    };
+
+    return info;
+}
+
+static int vmdk_check(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvCheckResult *result,
+                      BdrvCheckMode fix)
+{
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    VmdkExtent *extent = NULL;
+    int64_t sector_num = 0;
+    int64_t total_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(bs);
+    int ret;
+    uint64_t cluster_offset;
+
+    if (fix) {
+        return -ENOTSUP;
+    }
+
+    for (;;) {
+        if (sector_num >= total_sectors) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        extent = find_extent(s, sector_num, extent);
+        if (!extent) {
+            fprintf(stderr,
+                    "ERROR: could not find extent for sector %" PRId64 "\n",
+                    sector_num);
+            break;
+        }
+        ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, NULL,
+                                 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
+                                 false, &cluster_offset, 0, 0);
+        if (ret == VMDK_ERROR) {
+            fprintf(stderr,
+                    "ERROR: could not get cluster_offset for sector %"
+                    PRId64 "\n", sector_num);
+            break;
+        }
+        if (ret == VMDK_OK && cluster_offset >= bdrv_getlength(extent->file)) {
+            fprintf(stderr,
+                    "ERROR: cluster offset for sector %"
+                    PRId64 " points after EOF\n", sector_num);
+            break;
+        }
+        sector_num += extent->cluster_sectors;
+    }
+
+    result->corruptions++;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static ImageInfoSpecific *vmdk_get_specific_info(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    int i;
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    ImageInfoSpecific *spec_info = g_new0(ImageInfoSpecific, 1);
+    ImageInfoList **next;
+
+    *spec_info = (ImageInfoSpecific){
+        .kind = IMAGE_INFO_SPECIFIC_KIND_VMDK,
+        {
+            .vmdk = g_new0(ImageInfoSpecificVmdk, 1),
+        },
+    };
+
+    *spec_info->vmdk = (ImageInfoSpecificVmdk) {
+        .create_type = g_strdup(s->create_type),
+        .cid = s->cid,
+        .parent_cid = s->parent_cid,
+    };
+
+    next = &spec_info->vmdk->extents;
+    for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
+        *next = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
+        (*next)->value = vmdk_get_extent_info(&s->extents[i]);
+        (*next)->next = NULL;
+        next = &(*next)->next;
+    }
+
+    return spec_info;
+}
+
+static bool vmdk_extents_type_eq(const VmdkExtent *a, const VmdkExtent *b)
+{
+    return a->flat == b->flat &&
+           a->compressed == b->compressed &&
+           (a->flat || a->cluster_sectors == b->cluster_sectors);
+}
+
+static int vmdk_get_info(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverInfo *bdi)
+{
+    int i;
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    assert(s->num_extents);
+
+    /* See if we have multiple extents but they have different cases */
+    for (i = 1; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
+        if (!vmdk_extents_type_eq(&s->extents[0], &s->extents[i])) {
+            return -ENOTSUP;
+        }
+    }
+    bdi->needs_compressed_writes = s->extents[0].compressed;
+    if (!s->extents[0].flat) {
+        bdi->cluster_size = s->extents[0].cluster_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void vmdk_detach_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
+        bdrv_detach_aio_context(s->extents[i].file);
+    }
+}
+
+static void vmdk_attach_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                    AioContext *new_context)
+{
+    BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
+    int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) {
+        bdrv_attach_aio_context(s->extents[i].file, new_context);
+    }
+}
+
+static QemuOptsList vmdk_create_opts = {
+    .name = "vmdk-create-opts",
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(vmdk_create_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        {
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
+            .help = "Virtual disk size"
+        },
+        {
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_ADAPTER_TYPE,
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+            .help = "Virtual adapter type, can be one of "
+                    "ide (default), lsilogic, buslogic or legacyESX"
+        },
+        {
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE,
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+            .help = "File name of a base image"
+        },
+        {
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6,
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
+            .help = "VMDK version 6 image",
+            .def_value_str = "off"
+        },
+        {
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT,
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+            .help =
+                "VMDK flat extent format, can be one of "
+                "{monolithicSparse (default) | monolithicFlat | twoGbMaxExtentSparse | twoGbMaxExtentFlat | streamOptimized} "
+        },
+        {
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_ZEROED_GRAIN,
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
+            .help = "Enable efficient zero writes "
+                    "using the zeroed-grain GTE feature"
+        },
+        { /* end of list */ }
+    }
+};
+
+static BlockDriver bdrv_vmdk = {
+    .format_name                  = "vmdk",
+    .instance_size                = sizeof(BDRVVmdkState),
+    .bdrv_probe                   = vmdk_probe,
+    .bdrv_open                    = vmdk_open,
+    .bdrv_check                   = vmdk_check,
+    .bdrv_reopen_prepare          = vmdk_reopen_prepare,
+    .bdrv_read                    = vmdk_co_read,
+    .bdrv_write                   = vmdk_co_write,
+    .bdrv_write_compressed        = vmdk_write_compressed,
+    .bdrv_co_write_zeroes         = vmdk_co_write_zeroes,
+    .bdrv_close                   = vmdk_close,
+    .bdrv_create                  = vmdk_create,
+    .bdrv_co_flush_to_disk        = vmdk_co_flush,
+    .bdrv_co_get_block_status     = vmdk_co_get_block_status,
+    .bdrv_get_allocated_file_size = vmdk_get_allocated_file_size,
+    .bdrv_has_zero_init           = vmdk_has_zero_init,
+    .bdrv_get_specific_info       = vmdk_get_specific_info,
+    .bdrv_refresh_limits          = vmdk_refresh_limits,
+    .bdrv_get_info                = vmdk_get_info,
+    .bdrv_detach_aio_context      = vmdk_detach_aio_context,
+    .bdrv_attach_aio_context      = vmdk_attach_aio_context,
+
+    .supports_backing             = true,
+    .create_opts                  = &vmdk_create_opts,
+};
+
+static void bdrv_vmdk_init(void)
+{
+    bdrv_register(&bdrv_vmdk);
+}
+
+block_init(bdrv_vmdk_init);