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diff --git a/docs/requirements/01-intro.rst b/docs/requirements/01-intro.rst deleted file mode 100644 index ed666cd1..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/01-intro.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,51 +0,0 @@ -.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. -.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 - -Introduction -============ - -The goal of this project is to build an NFVI fault management and maintenance -framework supporting high availability of the Network Services on top of the -virtualized infrastructure. The key feature is immediate notification of -unavailability of virtualized resources from VIM, to support failure recovery, -or failure avoidance of VNFs running on them. Requirement survey and development -of missing features in NFVI and VIM are in scope of this project in order to -fulfil requirements for fault management and maintenance in NFV. - -The purpose of this requirement project is to clarify the necessary features of -NFVI fault management, and maintenance, identify missing features in the current -OpenSource implementations, provide a potential implementation architecture and -plan, provide implementation guidelines in relevant upstream projects to realize -those missing features, and define the VIM northbound interfaces necessary to -perform the task of NFVI fault management, and maintenance in alignment with -ETSI NFV [ENFV]_. - -Problem description -------------------- - -A Virtualized Infrastructure Manager (VIM), e.g. OpenStack [OPSK]_, cannot -detect certain Network Functions Virtualization Infrastructure (NFVI) faults. -This feature is necessary to detect the faults and notify the Consumer in order -to ensure the proper functioning of EPC VNFs like MME and S/P-GW. - -* EPC VNFs are often in active standby (ACT-STBY) configuration and need to - switch from STBY mode to ACT mode as soon as relevant faults are detected in - the active (ACT) VNF. - -* NFVI encompasses all elements building up the environment in which VNFs are - deployed, e.g., Physical Machines, Hypervisors, Storage, and Network elements. - -In addition, VIM, e.g. OpenStack, needs to receive maintenance instructions from -the Consumer, i.e. the operator/administrator of the VNF. - -* Change the state of certain Physical Machines (PMs), e.g. empty the PM, so - that maintenance work can be performed at these machines. - -Note: Although fault management and maintenance are different operations in NFV, -both are considered as part of this project as -- except for the trigger -- they -share a very similar work and message flow. Hence, from implementation -perspective, these two are kept together in the Doctor project because of this -high degree of similarity. - -.. - vim: set tabstop=4 expandtab textwidth=80: diff --git a/docs/requirements/02-use_cases.rst b/docs/requirements/02-use_cases.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 0a1f6413..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/02-use_cases.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,195 +0,0 @@ -.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. -.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 - -Use cases and scenarios -======================= - -Telecom services often have very high requirements on service performance. As a -consequence they often utilize redundancy and high availability (HA) mechanisms -for both the service and the platform. The HA support may be built-in or -provided by the platform. In any case, the HA support typically has a very fast -detection and reaction time to minimize service impact. The main changes -proposed in this document are about making a clear distinction between fault -management and recovery a) within the VIM/NFVI and b) High Availability support -for VNFs on the other, claiming that HA support within a VNF or as a service -from the platform is outside the scope of Doctor and is discussed in the High -Availability for OPNFV project. Doctor should focus on detecting and remediating -faults in the NFVI. This will ensure that applications come back to a fully -redundant configuration faster than before. - -As an example, Telecom services can come with an Active-Standby (ACT-STBY) -configuration which is a (1+1) redundancy scheme. ACT and STBY nodes (aka -Physical Network Function (PNF) in ETSI NFV terminology) are in a hot standby -configuration. If an ACT node is unable to function properly due to fault or any -other reason, the STBY node is instantly made ACT, and affected services can be -provided without any service interruption. - -The ACT-STBY configuration needs to be maintained. This means, when a STBY node -is made ACT, either the previously ACT node, after recovery, shall be made STBY, -or, a new STBY node needs to be configured. The actual operations to -instantiate/configure a new STBY are similar to instantiating a new VNF and -therefore are outside the scope of this project. - -The NFVI fault management and maintenance requirements aim at providing fast -failure detection of physical and virtualized resources and remediation of the -virtualized resources provided to Consumers according to their predefined -request to enable applications to recover to a fully redundant mode of -operation. - -1. Fault management/recovery using ACT-STBY configuration (Triggered by critical - error) -2. Preventive actions based on fault prediction (Preventing service stop by - handling warnings) -3. VM Retirement (Managing service during NFVI maintenance, i.e. H/W, - Hypervisor, Host OS, maintenance) - -Faults ------- - -.. _uc-fault1: - -Fault management using ACT-STBY configuration -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -In :numref:`figure1`, a system-wide view of relevant functional blocks is -presented. OpenStack is considered as the VIM implementation (aka Controller) -which has interfaces with the NFVI and the Consumers. The VNF implementation is -represented as different virtual resources marked by different colors. Consumers -(VNFM or NFVO in ETSI NFV terminology) own/manage the respective virtual -resources (VMs in this example) shown with the same colors. - -The first requirement in this use case is that the Controller needs to detect -faults in the NFVI ("1. Fault Notification" in :numref:`figure1`) affecting -the proper functioning of the virtual resources (labelled as VM-x) running on -top of it. It should be possible to configure which relevant fault items should -be detected. The VIM (e.g. OpenStack) itself could be extended to detect such -faults. Alternatively, a third party fault monitoring tool could be used which -then informs the VIM about such faults; this third party fault monitoring -element can be considered as a component of VIM from an architectural point of -view. - -Once such fault is detected, the VIM shall find out which virtual resources are -affected by this fault. In the example in :numref:`figure1`, VM-4 is -affected by a fault in the Hardware Server-3. Such mapping shall be maintained -in the VIM, depicted as the "Server-VM info" table inside the VIM. - -Once the VIM has identified which virtual resources are affected by the fault, -it needs to find out who is the Consumer (i.e. the owner/manager) of the -affected virtual resources (Step 2). In the example shown in :numref:`figure1`, -the VIM knows that for the red VM-4, the manager is the red Consumer -through an Ownership info table. The VIM then notifies (Step 3 "Fault -Notification") the red Consumer about this fault, preferably with sufficient -abstraction rather than detailed physical fault information. - -.. figure:: images/figure1.png - :name: figure1 - :width: 100% - - Fault management/recovery use case - -The Consumer then switches to STBY configuration by switching the STBY node to -ACT state (Step 4). It further initiates a process to instantiate/configure a -new STBY. However, switching to STBY mode and creating a new STBY machine is a -VNFM/NFVO level operation and therefore outside the scope of this project. -Doctor project does not create interfaces for such VNFM level configuration -operations. Yet, since the total failover time of a consumer service depends on -both the delay of such processes as well as the reaction time of Doctor -components, minimizing Doctor's reaction time is a necessary basic ingredient to -fast failover times in general. - -Once the Consumer has switched to STBY configuration, it notifies (Step 5 -"Instruction" in :numref:`figure1`) the VIM. The VIM can then take -necessary (e.g. pre-determined by the involved network operator) actions on how -to clean up the fault affected VMs (Step 6 "Execute Instruction"). - -The key issue in this use case is that a VIM (OpenStack in this context) shall -not take a standalone fault recovery action (e.g. migration of the affected VMs) -before the ACT-STBY switching is complete, as that might violate the ACT-STBY -configuration and render the node out of service. - -As an extension of the 1+1 ACT-STBY resilience pattern, a STBY instance can act as -backup to N ACT nodes (N+1). In this case, the basic information flow remains -the same, i.e., the consumer is informed of a failure in order to activate the -STBY node. However, in this case it might be useful for the failure notification -to cover a number of failed instances due to the same fault (e.g., more than one -instance might be affected by a switch failure). The reaction of the consumer -might depend on whether only one active instance has failed (similar to the -ACT-STBY case), or if more active instances are needed as well. - -Preventive actions based on fault prediction -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -The fault management scenario explained in :ref:`uc-fault1` can also be -performed based on fault prediction. In such cases, in VIM, there is an -intelligent fault prediction module which, based on its NFVI monitoring -information, can predict an imminent fault in the elements of NFVI. -A simple example is raising temperature of a Hardware Server which might -trigger a pre-emptive recovery action. The requirements of such fault -prediction in the VIM are investigated in the OPNFV project "Data Collection -for Failure Prediction" [PRED]_. - -This use case is very similar to :ref:`uc-fault1`. Instead of a fault -detection (Step 1 "Fault Notification in" :numref:`figure1`), the trigger -comes from a fault prediction module in the VIM, or from a third party module -which notifies the VIM about an imminent fault. From Step 2~5, the work flow is -the same as in the "Fault management using ACT-STBY configuration" use case, -except in this case, the Consumer of a VM/VNF switches to STBY configuration -based on a predicted fault, rather than an occurred fault. - -NFVI Maintenance ----------------- - -VM Retirement -^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -All network operators perform maintenance of their network infrastructure, both -regularly and irregularly. Besides the hardware, virtualization is expected to -increase the number of elements subject to such maintenance as NFVI holds new -elements like the hypervisor and host OS. Maintenance of a particular resource -element e.g. hardware, hypervisor etc. may render a particular server hardware -unusable until the maintenance procedure is complete. - -However, the Consumer of VMs needs to know that such resources will be -unavailable because of NFVI maintenance. The following use case is again to -ensure that the ACT-STBY configuration is not violated. A stand-alone action -(e.g. live migration) from VIM/OpenStack to empty a physical machine so that -consequent maintenance procedure could be performed may not only violate the -ACT-STBY configuration, but also have impact on real-time processing scenarios -where dedicated resources to virtual resources (e.g. VMs) are necessary and a -pause in operation (e.g. vCPU) is not allowed. The Consumer is in a position to -safely perform the switch between ACT and STBY nodes, or switch to an -alternative VNF forwarding graph so the hardware servers hosting the ACT nodes -can be emptied for the upcoming maintenance operation. Once the target hardware -servers are emptied (i.e. no virtual resources are running on top), the VIM can -mark them with an appropriate flag (i.e. "maintenance" state) such that these -servers are not considered for hosting of virtual machines until the maintenance -flag is cleared (i.e. nodes are back in "normal" status). - -A high-level view of the maintenance procedure is presented in :numref:`figure2`. -VIM/OpenStack, through its northbound interface, receives a maintenance notification -(Step 1 "Maintenance Request") from the Administrator (e.g. a network operator) -including information about which hardware is subject to maintenance. -Maintenance operations include replacement/upgrade of hardware, -update/upgrade of the hypervisor/host OS, etc. - -The consequent steps to enable the Consumer to perform ACT-STBY switching are -very similar to the fault management scenario. From VIM/OpenStack's internal -database, it finds out which virtual resources (VM-x) are running on those -particular Hardware Servers and who are the managers of those virtual resources -(Step 2). The VIM then informs the respective Consumer (VNFMs or NFVO) in Step 3 -"Maintenance Notification". Based on this, the Consumer takes necessary actions -(Step 4, e.g. switch to STBY configuration or switch VNF forwarding graphs) and -then notifies (Step 5 "Instruction") the VIM. Upon receiving such notification, -the VIM takes necessary actions (Step 6 "Execute Instruction" to empty the -Hardware Servers so that consequent maintenance operations could be performed. -Due to the similarity for Steps 2~6, the maintenance procedure and the fault -management procedure are investigated in the same project. - -.. figure:: images/figure2.png - :name: figure2 - :width: 100% - - Maintenance use case - -.. - vim: set tabstop=4 expandtab textwidth=80: diff --git a/docs/requirements/03-architecture.rst b/docs/requirements/03-architecture.rst deleted file mode 100644 index b7417691..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/03-architecture.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,340 +0,0 @@ -.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. -.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 - -High level architecture and general features -============================================ - -Functional overview -------------------- - -The Doctor project circles around two distinct use cases: 1) management of -failures of virtualized resources and 2) planned maintenance, e.g. migration, of -virtualized resources. Both of them may affect a VNF/application and the network -service it provides, but there is a difference in frequency and how they can be -handled. - -Failures are spontaneous events that may or may not have an impact on the -virtual resources. The Consumer should as soon as possible react to the failure, -e.g., by switching to the STBY node. The Consumer will then instruct the VIM on -how to clean up or repair the lost virtual resources, i.e. restore the VM, VLAN -or virtualized storage. How much the applications are affected varies. -Applications with built-in HA support might experience a short decrease in -retainability (e.g. an ongoing session might be lost) while keeping availability -(establishment or re-establishment of sessions are not affected), whereas the -impact on applications without built-in HA may be more serious. How much the -network service is impacted depends on how the service is implemented. With -sufficient network redundancy the service may be unaffected even when a specific -resource fails. - -On the other hand, planned maintenance impacting virtualized resources are events -that are known in advance. This group includes e.g. migration due to software -upgrades of OS and hypervisor on a compute host. Some of these might have been -requested by the application or its management solution, but there is also a -need for coordination on the actual operations on the virtual resources. There -may be an impact on the applications and the service, but since they are not -spontaneous events there is room for planning and coordination between the -application management organization and the infrastructure management -organization, including performing whatever actions that would be required to -minimize the problems. - -Failure prediction is the process of pro-actively identifying situations that -may lead to a failure in the future unless acted on by means of maintenance -activities. From applications' point of view, failure prediction may impact them -in two ways: either the warning time is so short that the application or its -management solution does not have time to react, in which case it is equal to -the failure scenario, or there is sufficient time to avoid the consequences by -means of maintenance activities, in which case it is similar to planned -maintenance. - -Architecture Overview ---------------------- - -NFV and the Cloud platform provide virtual resources and related control -functionality to users and administrators. :numref:`figure3` shows the high -level architecture of NFV focusing on the NFVI, i.e., the virtualized -infrastructure. The NFVI provides virtual resources, such as virtual machines -(VM) and virtual networks. Those virtual resources are used to run applications, -i.e. VNFs, which could be components of a network service which is managed by -the consumer of the NFVI. The VIM provides functionalities of controlling and -viewing virtual resources on hardware (physical) resources to the consumers, -i.e., users and administrators. OpenStack is a prominent candidate for this VIM. -The administrator may also directly control the NFVI without using the VIM. - -Although OpenStack is the target upstream project where the new functional -elements (Controller, Notifier, Monitor, and Inspector) are expected to be -implemented, a particular implementation method is not assumed. Some of these -elements may sit outside of OpenStack and offer a northbound interface to -OpenStack. - -General Features and Requirements ---------------------------------- - -The following features are required for the VIM to achieve high availability of -applications (e.g., MME, S/P-GW) and the Network Services: - -1. Monitoring: Monitor physical and virtual resources. -2. Detection: Detect unavailability of physical resources. -3. Correlation and Cognition: Correlate faults and identify affected virtual - resources. -4. Notification: Notify unavailable virtual resources to their Consumer(s). -5. Fencing: Shut down or isolate a faulty resource. -6. Recovery action: Execute actions to process fault recovery and maintenance. - -The time interval between the instant that an event is detected by the -monitoring system and the Consumer notification of unavailable resources shall -be < 1 second (e.g., Step 1 to Step 4 in :numref:`figure4`). - -.. figure:: images/figure3.png - :name: figure3 - :width: 100% - - High level architecture - -Monitoring -^^^^^^^^^^ - -The VIM shall monitor physical and virtual resources for unavailability and -suspicious behavior. - -Detection -^^^^^^^^^ - -The VIM shall detect unavailability and failures of physical resources that -might cause errors/faults in virtual resources running on top of them. -Unavailability of physical resource is detected by various monitoring and -managing tools for hardware and software components. This may include also -predicting upcoming faults. Note, fault prediction is out of scope of this -project and is investigated in the OPNFV "Data Collection for Failure -Prediction" project [PRED]_. - -The fault items/events to be detected shall be configurable. - -The configuration shall enable Failure Selection and Aggregation. Failure -aggregation means the VIM determines unavailability of physical resource from -more than two non-critical failures related to the same resource. - -There are two types of unavailability - immediate and future: - -* Immediate unavailability can be detected by setting traps of raw failures on - hardware monitoring tools. -* Future unavailability can be found by receiving maintenance instructions - issued by the administrator of the NFVI or by failure prediction mechanisms. - -Correlation and Cognition -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -The VIM shall correlate each fault to the impacted virtual resource, i.e., the -VIM shall identify unavailability of virtualized resources that are or will be -affected by failures on the physical resources under them. Unavailability of a -virtualized resource is determined by referring to the mapping of physical and -virtualized resources. - -VIM shall allow configuration of fault correlation between physical and -virtual resources. VIM shall support correlating faults: - -* between a physical resource and another physical resource -* between a physical resource and a virtual resource -* between a virtual resource and another virtual resource - -Failure aggregation is also required in this feature, e.g., a user may request -to be only notified if failures on more than two standby VMs in an (N+M) -deployment model occurred. - -Notification -^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -The VIM shall notify the alarm, i.e., unavailability of virtual resource(s), to -the Consumer owning it over the northbound interface, such that the Consumers -impacted by the failure can take appropriate actions to recover from the -failure. - -The VIM shall also notify the unavailability of physical resources to its -Administrator. - -All notifications shall be transferred immediately in order to minimize the -stalling time of the network service and to avoid over assignment caused by -delay of capability updates. - -There may be multiple consumers, so the VIM has to find out the owner of a -faulty resource. Moreover, there may be a large number of virtual and physical -resources in a real deployment, so polling the state of all resources to the VIM -would lead to heavy signaling traffic. Thus, a publication/subscription -messaging model is better suited for these notifications, as notifications are -only sent to subscribed consumers. - -Notifications will be send out along with the configuration by the consumer. -The configuration includes endpoint(s) in which the consumers can specify -multiple targets for the notification subscription, so that various and -multiple receiver functions can consume the notification message. -Also, the conditions for notifications shall be configurable, such that -the consumer can set according policies, e.g. whether it wants to receive -fault notifications or not. - -Note: the VIM should only accept notification subscriptions for each resource -by its owner or administrator. -Notifications to the Consumer about the unavailability of virtualized -resources will include a description of the fault, preferably with sufficient -abstraction rather than detailed physical fault information. - -.. _fencing: - -Fencing -^^^^^^^ -Recovery actions, e.g. safe VM evacuation, have to be preceded by fencing the -failed host. Fencing hereby means to isolate or shut down a faulty resource. -Without fencing -- when the perceived disconnection is due to some transient -or partial failure -- the evacuation might lead into two identical instances -running together and having a dangerous conflict. - -There is a cross-project definition in OpenStack of how to implement -fencing, but there has not been any progress. The general description is -available here: -https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Fencing_Instances_of_an_Unreachable_Host - -OpenStack provides some mechanisms that allow fencing of faulty resources. Some -are automatically invoked by the platform itself (e.g. Nova disables the -compute service when libvirtd stops running, preventing new VMs to be scheduled -to that node), while other mechanisms are consumer trigger-based actions (e.g. -Neutron port admin-state-up). For other fencing actions not supported by -OpenStack, the Doctor project may suggest ways to address the gap (e.g. through -means of resourcing to external tools and orchestration methods), or -documenting or implementing them upstream. - -The Doctor Inspector component will be responsible of marking resources down in -the OpenStack and back up if necessary. - -Recovery Action -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -In the basic :ref:`uc-fault1` use case, no automatic actions will be taken by -the VIM, but all recovery actions executed by the VIM and the NFVI will be -instructed and coordinated by the Consumer. - -In a more advanced use case, the VIM may be able to recover the failed virtual -resources according to a pre-defined behavior for that resource. In principle -this means that the owner of the resource (i.e., its consumer or administrator) -can define which recovery actions shall be taken by the VIM. Examples are a -restart of the VM or migration/evacuation of the VM. - - - -High level northbound interface specification ---------------------------------------------- - -Fault Management -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -This interface allows the Consumer to subscribe to fault notification from the -VIM. Using a filter, the Consumer can narrow down which faults should be -notified. A fault notification may trigger the Consumer to switch from ACT to -STBY configuration and initiate fault recovery actions. A fault query -request/response message exchange allows the Consumer to find out about active -alarms at the VIM. A filter can be used to narrow down the alarms returned in -the response message. - -.. figure:: images/figure4.png - :name: figure4 - :width: 100% - - High-level message flow for fault management - -The high level message flow for the fault management use case is shown in -:numref:`figure4`. -It consists of the following steps: - -1. The VIM monitors the physical and virtual resources and the fault management - workflow is triggered by a monitored fault event. -2. Event correlation, fault detection and aggregation in VIM. Note: this may - also happen after Step 3. -3. Database lookup to find the virtual resources affected by the detected fault. -4. Fault notification to Consumer. -5. The Consumer switches to standby configuration (STBY). -6. Instructions to VIM requesting certain actions to be performed on the - affected resources, for example migrate/update/terminate specific - resource(s). After reception of such instructions, the VIM is executing the - requested action, e.g., it will migrate or terminate a virtual resource. - -NFVI Maintenance -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -The NFVI maintenance interface allows the Administrator to notify the VIM about -a planned maintenance operation on the NFVI. A maintenance operation may for -example be an update of the server firmware or the hypervisor. The -MaintenanceRequest message contains instructions to change the state of the -physical resource from 'enabled' to 'going-to-maintenance' and a timeout [#timeout]_. -After receiving the MaintenanceRequest,the VIM decides on the actions to be taken -based on maintenance policies predefined by the affected Consumer(s). - -.. [#timeout] Timeout is set by the Administrator and corresponds to the maximum time - to empty the physical resources. - -.. figure:: images/figure5a.png - :name: figure5a - :width: 100% - - High-level message flow for maintenance policy enforcement - -The high level message flow for the NFVI maintenance policy enforcement is shown -in :numref:`figure5a`. It consists of the following steps: - -1. Maintenance trigger received from Administrator. -2. VIM switches the affected physical resources to "going-to-maintenance" state e.g. so that no new - VM will be scheduled on the physical servers. -3. Database lookup to find the Consumer(s) and virtual resources affected by the maintenance - operation. -4. Maintenance policies are enforced in the VIM, e.g. affected VM(s) are shut down - on the physical server(s), or affected Consumer(s) are notified about the planned - maintenance operation (steps 4a/4b). - - -Once the affected Consumer(s) have been notified, they take specific actions (e.g. switch to standby -(STBY) configuration, request to terminate the virtual resource(s)) to allow the maintenance -action to be executed. After the physical resources have been emptied, the VIM puts the physical -resources in "in-maintenance" state and sends a MaintenanceResponse back to the Administrator. - -.. figure:: images/figure5b.png - :name: figure5b - :width: 100% - - Successful NFVI maintenance - -The high level message flow for a successful NFVI maintenance is show in :numref:`figure5b`. -It consists of the following steps: - -5. The Consumer C3 switches to standby configuration (STBY). -6. Instructions from Consumers C2/C3 are shared to VIM requesting certain actions to be performed - (steps 6a, 6b). After receiving such instructions, the VIM executes the requested - action in order to empty the physical resources (step 6c) and informs the - Consumer about the result of the actions (steps 6d, 6e). -7. The VIM switches the physical resources to "in-maintenance" state -8. Maintenance response is sent from VIM to inform the Administrator that the physical - servers have been emptied. -9. The Administrator is coordinating and executing the maintenance - operation/work on the NFVI. Note: this step is out of scope of Doctor project. - -The requested actions to empty the physical resources may not be successful (e.g. migration fails -or takes too long) and in such a case, the VIM puts the physical resources back to 'enabled' and -informs the Administrator about the problem. - -.. figure:: images/figure5c.png - :name: figure5c - :width: 100% - - Example of failed NFVI maintenance - -An example of a high level message flow to cover the failed NFVI maintenance case is -shown in :numref:`figure5c`. -It consists of the following steps: - -5. The Consumer C3 switches to standby configuration (STBY). -6. Instructions from Consumers C2/C3 are shared to VIM requesting certain actions to be performed - (steps 6a, 6b). The VIM executes the requested actions and sends back a NACK to consumer C2 - (step 6d) as the migration of the virtual resource(s) is not completed by the given timeout. -7. The VIM switches the physical resources to "enabled" state. -8. MaintenanceNotification is sent from VIM to inform the Administrator that the maintenance action - cannot start. - - -.. - vim: set tabstop=4 expandtab textwidth=80: - diff --git a/docs/requirements/04-gaps.rst b/docs/requirements/04-gaps.rst deleted file mode 100644 index b8ff7f2e..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/04-gaps.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,389 +0,0 @@ -.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. -.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 - -Gap analysis in upstream projects -================================= - -This section presents the findings of gaps on existing VIM platforms. The focus -was to identify gaps based on the features and requirements specified in Section -3.3. The analysis work determined gaps that are presented here. - -VIM Northbound Interface ------------------------- - -Immediate Notification -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -* Type: 'deficiency in performance' -* Description - - + To-be - - - VIM has to notify unavailability of virtual resource (fault) to VIM user - immediately. - - Notification should be passed in '1 second' after fault detected/notified - by VIM. - - Also, the following conditions/requirement have to be met: - - - Only the owning user can receive notification of fault related to owned - virtual resource(s). - - + As-is - - - OpenStack Metering 'Ceilometer' can notify unavailability of virtual - resource (fault) to the owner of virtual resource based on alarm - configuration by the user. - - - Ceilometer Alarm API: - http://docs.openstack.org/developer/ceilometer/webapi/v2.html#alarms - - - Alarm notifications are triggered by alarm evaluator instead of - notification agents that might receive faults - - - Ceilometer Architecture: - http://docs.openstack.org/developer/ceilometer/architecture.html#id1 - - - Evaluation interval should be equal to or larger than configured pipeline - interval for collection of underlying metrics. - - - https://github.com/openstack/ceilometer/blob/stable/juno/ceilometer/alarm/service.py#L38-42 - - - The interval for collection has to be set large enough which depends on - the size of the deployment and the number of metrics to be collected. - - The interval may not be less than one second in even small deployments. - The default value is 60 seconds. - - Alternative: OpenStack has a message bus to publish system events. - The operator can allow the user to connect this, but there are no - functions to filter out other events that should not be passed to the user - or which were not requested by the user. - - + Gap - - - Fault notifications cannot be received immediately by Ceilometer. - -* Solved by - - + Event Alarm Evaluator: - https://specs.openstack.org/openstack/ceilometer-specs/specs/liberty/event-alarm-evaluator.html - + New OpenStack alarms and notifications project AODH: - http://docs.openstack.org/developer/aodh/ - -Maintenance Notification -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -* Type: 'missing' -* Description - - + To-be - - - VIM has to notify unavailability of virtual resource triggered by NFVI - maintenance to VIM user. - - Also, the following conditions/requirements have to be met: - - - VIM should accept maintenance message from administrator and mark target - physical resource "in maintenance". - - Only the owner of virtual resource hosted by target physical resource - can receive the notification that can trigger some process for - applications which are running on the virtual resource (e.g. cut off - VM). - - + As-is - - - OpenStack: None - - AWS (just for study) - - - AWS provides API and CLI to view status of resource (VM) and to create - instance status and system status alarms to notify you when an instance - has a failed status check. - http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/monitoring-instances-status-check_sched.html - - AWS provides API and CLI to view scheduled events, such as a reboot or - retirement, for your instances. Also, those events will be notified - via e-mail. - http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/monitoring-system-instance-status-check.html - - + Gap - - - VIM user cannot receive maintenance notifications. - -* Solved by - - + https://blueprints.launchpad.net/nova/+spec/service-status-notification - -VIM Southbound interface ------------------------- - -Normalization of data collection models -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -* Type: 'missing' -* Description - - + To-be - - - A normalized data format needs to be created to cope with the many data - models from different monitoring solutions. - - + As-is - - - Data can be collected from many places (e.g. Zabbix, Nagios, Cacti, - Zenoss). Although each solution establishes its own data models, no common - data abstraction models exist in OpenStack. - - + Gap - - - Normalized data format does not exist. - -* Solved by - - + Specification in Section :ref:`southbound`. - -OpenStack ---------- - -Ceilometer -^^^^^^^^^^ - -OpenStack offers a telemetry service, Ceilometer, for collecting measurements of -the utilization of physical and virtual resources [CEIL]_. Ceilometer can -collect a number of metrics across multiple OpenStack components and watch for -variations and trigger alarms based upon the collected data. - -Scalability of fault aggregation -________________________________ - -* Type: 'scalability issue' -* Description - - + To-be - - - Be able to scale to a large deployment, where thousands of monitoring - events per second need to be analyzed. - - + As-is - - - Performance issue when scaling to medium-sized deployments. - - + Gap - - - Ceilometer seems to be unsuitable for monitoring medium and large scale - NFVI deployments. - -* Solved by - - + Usage of Zabbix for fault aggregation [ZABB]_. Zabbix can support a much - higher number of fault events (up to 15 thousand events per second, but - obviously also has some upper bound: - http://blog.zabbix.com/scalable-zabbix-lessons-on-hitting-9400-nvps/2615/ - - + Decentralized/hierarchical deployment with multiple instances, where one - instance is only responsible for a small NFVI. - -Monitoring of hardware and software -___________________________________ - -* Type: 'missing (lack of functionality)' -* Description - - + To-be - - - OpenStack (as VIM) should monitor various hardware and software in NFVI to - handle faults on them by Ceilometer. - - OpenStack may have monitoring functionality in itself and can be - integrated with third party monitoring tools. - - OpenStack need to be able to detect the faults listed in the Annex. - - + As-is - - - For each deployment of OpenStack, an operator has responsibility to - configure monitoring tools with relevant scripts or plugins in order to - monitor hardware and software. - - OpenStack Ceilometer does not monitor hardware and software to capture - faults. - - + Gap - - - Ceilometer is not able to detect and handle all faults listed in the Annex. - -* Solved by - - + Use of dedicated monitoring tools like Zabbix or Monasca. - See :ref:`nfvi_faults`. - -Nova -^^^^ - -OpenStack Nova [NOVA]_ is a mature and widely known and used component in -OpenStack cloud deployments. It is the main part of an -"infrastructure-as-a-service" system providing a cloud computing fabric -controller, supporting a wide diversity of virtualization and container -technologies. - -Nova has proven throughout these past years to be highly available and -fault-tolerant. Featuring its own API, it also provides a compatibility API with -Amazon EC2 APIs. - -Correct states when compute host is down -________________________________________ - -* Type: 'missing (lack of functionality)' -* Description - - + To-be - - - The API shall support to change VM power state in case host has failed. - - The API shall support to change nova-compute state. - - There could be single API to change different VM states for all VMs - belonging to a specific host. - - Support external systems that are monitoring the infrastructure and resources - that are able to call the API fast and reliable. - - Resource states are reliable such that correlation actions can be fast and automated. - - User shall be able to read states from OpenStack and trust they are correct. - - + As-is - - - When a VM goes down due to a host HW, host OS or hypervisor failure, - nothing happens in OpenStack. The VMs of a crashed host/hypervisor are - reported to be live and OK through the OpenStack API. - - nova-compute state might change too slowly or the state is not reliable - if expecting also VMs to be down. This leads to ability to schedule VMs - to a failed host and slowness blocks evacuation. - - + Gap - - - OpenStack does not change its states fast and reliably enough. - - The API does not support to have an external system to change states and to - trust the states are reliable (external system has fenced failed host). - - User cannot read all the states from OpenStack nor trust they are right. - -* Solved by - - + https://blueprints.launchpad.net/nova/+spec/mark-host-down - + https://blueprints.launchpad.net/python-novaclient/+spec/support-force-down-service - -Evacuate VMs in Maintenance mode -________________________________ - -* Type: 'missing' -* Description - - + To-be - - - When maintenance mode for a compute host is set, trigger VM evacuation to - available compute nodes before bringing the host down for maintenance. - - + As-is - - - If setting a compute node to a maintenance mode, OpenStack only schedules - evacuation of all VMs to available compute nodes if in-maintenance compute - node runs the XenAPI and VMware ESX hypervisors. Other hypervisors (e.g. - KVM) are not supported and, hence, guest VMs will likely stop running due - to maintenance actions administrator may perform (e.g. hardware upgrades, - OS updates). - - + Gap - - - Nova libvirt hypervisor driver does not implement automatic guest VMs - evacuation when compute nodes are set to maintenance mode (``$ nova - host-update --maintenance enable <hostname>``). - -Monasca -^^^^^^^ - -Monasca is an open-source monitoring-as-a-service (MONaaS) solution that -integrates with OpenStack. Even though it is still in its early days, it is the -interest of the community that the platform be multi-tenant, highly scalable, -performant and fault-tolerant. It provides a streaming alarm engine, a -notification engine, and a northbound REST API users can use to interact with -Monasca. Hundreds of thousands of metrics per second can be processed -[MONA]_. - -Anomaly detection -_________________ - - -* Type: 'missing (lack of functionality)' -* Description - - + To-be - - - Detect the failure and perform a root cause analysis to filter out other - alarms that may be triggered due to their cascading relation. - - + As-is - - - A mechanism to detect root causes of failures is not available. - - + Gap - - - Certain failures can trigger many alarms due to their dependency on the - underlying root cause of failure. Knowing the root cause can help filter - out unnecessary and overwhelming alarms. - -* Status - - + Monasca as of now lacks this feature, although the community is aware and - working toward supporting it. - -Sensor monitoring -_________________ - -* Type: 'missing (lack of functionality)' -* Description - - + To-be - - - It should support monitoring sensor data retrieval, for instance, from - IPMI. - - + As-is - - - Monasca does not monitor sensor data - - + Gap - - - Sensor monitoring is very important. It provides operators status - on the state of the physical infrastructure (e.g. temperature, fans). - -* Addressed by - - + Monasca can be configured to use third-party monitoring solutions (e.g. - Nagios, Cacti) for retrieving additional data. - -Hardware monitoring tools -------------------------- - -Zabbix -^^^^^^ - -Zabbix is an open-source solution for monitoring availability and performance of -infrastructure components (i.e. servers and network devices), as well as -applications [ZABB]_. It can be customized for use with OpenStack. It is a -mature tool and has been proven to be able to scale to large systems with -100,000s of devices. - -Delay in execution of actions -_____________________________ - - -* Type: 'deficiency in performance' -* Description - - + To-be - - - After detecting a fault, the monitoring tool should immediately execute - the appropriate action, e.g. inform the manager through the NB I/F - - + As-is - - - A delay of around 10 seconds was measured in two independent testbed - deployments - - + Gap - - - Cause of the delay is a periodic evaluation and notification. Periodicity is configured - as 30s default value and can be reduced to 5s but not below. - https://github.com/zabbix/zabbix/blob/trunk/conf/zabbix_server.conf#L329 - - -.. - vim: set tabstop=4 expandtab textwidth=80: diff --git a/docs/requirements/05-implementation.rst b/docs/requirements/05-implementation.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 84979772..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/05-implementation.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1050 +0,0 @@ -.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. -.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 - -Detailed architecture and interface specification -================================================= - -This section describes a detailed implementation plan, which is based on the -high level architecture introduced in Section 3. Section 5.1 describes the -functional blocks of the Doctor architecture, which is followed by a high level -message flow in Section 5.2. Section 5.3 provides a mapping of selected existing -open source components to the building blocks of the Doctor architecture. -Thereby, the selection of components is based on their maturity and the gap -analysis executed in Section 4. Sections 5.4 and 5.5 detail the specification of -the related northbound interface and the related information elements. Finally, -Section 5.6 provides a first set of blueprints to address selected gaps required -for the realization functionalities of the Doctor project. - -.. _impl_fb: - -Functional Blocks ------------------ - -This section introduces the functional blocks to form the VIM. OpenStack was -selected as the candidate for implementation. Inside the VIM, 4 different -building blocks are defined (see :numref:`figure6`). - -.. figure:: images/figure6.png - :name: figure6 - :width: 100% - - Functional blocks - -Monitor -^^^^^^^ - -The Monitor module has the responsibility for monitoring the virtualized -infrastructure. There are already many existing tools and services (e.g. Zabbix) -to monitor different aspects of hardware and software resources which can be -used for this purpose. - -Inspector -^^^^^^^^^ - -The Inspector module has the ability a) to receive various failure notifications -regarding physical resource(s) from Monitor module(s), b) to find the affected -virtual resource(s) by querying the resource map in the Controller, and c) to -update the state of the virtual resource (and physical resource). - -The Inspector has drivers for different types of events and resources to -integrate any type of Monitor and Controller modules. It also uses a failure -policy database to decide on the failure selection and aggregation from raw -events. This failure policy database is configured by the Administrator. - -The reason for separation of the Inspector and Controller modules is to make the -Controller focus on simple operations by avoiding a tight integration of various -health check mechanisms into the Controller. - -Controller -^^^^^^^^^^ - -The Controller is responsible for maintaining the resource map (i.e. the mapping -from physical resources to virtual resources), accepting update requests for the -resource state(s) (exposing as provider API), and sending all failure events -regarding virtual resources to the Notifier. Optionally, the Controller has the -ability to force the state of a given physical resource to down in the resource -mapping when it receives failure notifications from the Inspector for that -given physical resource. -The Controller also re-calculates the capacity of the NVFI when receiving a -failure notification for a physical resource. - -In a real-world deployment, the VIM may have several controllers, one for each -resource type, such as Nova, Neutron and Cinder in OpenStack. Each controller -maintains a database of virtual and physical resources which shall be the master -source for resource information inside the VIM. - -Notifier -^^^^^^^^ - -The focus of the Notifier is on selecting and aggregating failure events -received from the controller based on policies mandated by the Consumer. -Therefore, it allows the Consumer to subscribe for alarms regarding virtual -resources using a method such as API endpoint. After receiving a fault -event from a Controller, it will notify the fault to the Consumer by referring -to the alarm configuration which was defined by the Consumer earlier on. - -To reduce complexity of the Controller, it is a good approach for the -Controllers to emit all notifications without any filtering mechanism and have -another service (i.e. Notifier) handle those notifications properly. This is the -general philosophy of notifications in OpenStack. Note that a fault message -consumed by the Notifier is different from the fault message received by the -Inspector; the former message is related to virtual resources which are visible -to users with relevant ownership, whereas the latter is related to raw devices -or small entities which should be handled with an administrator privilege. - -The northbound interface between the Notifier and the Consumer/Administrator is -specified in :ref:`impl_nbi`. - -Sequence --------- - -Fault Management -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -The detailed work flow for fault management is as follows (see also :numref:`figure7`): - -1. Request to subscribe to monitor specific virtual resources. A query filter - can be used to narrow down the alarms the Consumer wants to be informed - about. -2. Each subscription request is acknowledged with a subscribe response message. - The response message contains information about the subscribed virtual - resources, in particular if a subscribed virtual resource is in "alarm" - state. -3. The NFVI sends monitoring events for resources the VIM has been subscribed - to. Note: this subscription message exchange between the VIM and NFVI is not - shown in this message flow. -4. Event correlation, fault detection and aggregation in VIM. -5. Database lookup to find the virtual resources affected by the detected fault. -6. Fault notification to Consumer. -7. The Consumer switches to standby configuration (STBY) -8. Instructions to VIM requesting certain actions to be performed on the - affected resources, for example migrate/update/terminate specific - resource(s). After reception of such instructions, the VIM is executing the - requested action, e.g. it will migrate or terminate a virtual resource. -a. Query request from Consumer to VIM to get information about the current - status of a resource. -b. Response to the query request with information about the current status of - the queried resource. In case the resource is in "fault" state, information - about the related fault(s) is returned. - -In order to allow for quick reaction to failures, the time interval between -fault detection in step 3 and the corresponding recovery actions in step 7 and 8 -shall be less than 1 second. - -.. figure:: images/figure7.png - :name: figure7 - :width: 100% - - Fault management work flow - -.. figure:: images/figure8.png - :name: figure8 - :width: 100% - - Fault management scenario - -:numref:`figure8` shows a more detailed message flow (Steps 4 to 6) between -the 4 building blocks introduced in :ref:`impl_fb`. - -4. The Monitor observed a fault in the NFVI and reports the raw fault to the - Inspector. - The Inspector filters and aggregates the faults using pre-configured - failure policies. - -5. - a) The Inspector queries the Resource Map to find the virtual resources - affected by the raw fault in the NFVI. - b) The Inspector updates the state of the affected virtual resources in the - Resource Map. - c) The Controller observes a change of the virtual resource state and informs - the Notifier about the state change and the related alarm(s). - Alternatively, the Inspector may directly inform the Notifier about it. - -6. The Notifier is performing another filtering and aggregation of the changes - and alarms based on the pre-configured alarm configuration. Finally, a fault - notification is sent to northbound to the Consumer. - -NFVI Maintenance -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ -.. figure:: images/figure9.png - :name: figure9 - :width: 100% - - NFVI maintenance work flow - -The detailed work flow for NFVI maintenance is shown in :numref:`figure9` -and has the following steps. Note that steps 1, 2, and 5 to 8a in the NFVI -maintenance work flow are very similar to the steps in the fault management work -flow and share a similar implementation plan in Release 1. - -1. Subscribe to fault/maintenance notifications. -2. Response to subscribe request. -3. Maintenance trigger received from administrator. -4. VIM switches NFVI resources to "maintenance" state. This, e.g., means they - should not be used for further allocation/migration requests -5. Database lookup to find the virtual resources affected by the detected - maintenance operation. -6. Maintenance notification to Consumer. -7. The Consumer switches to standby configuration (STBY) -8. Instructions from Consumer to VIM requesting certain recovery actions to be - performed (step 8a). After reception of such instructions, the VIM is - executing the requested action in order to empty the physical resources (step - 8b). -9. Maintenance response from VIM to inform the Administrator that the physical - machines have been emptied (or the operation resulted in an error state). -10. Administrator is coordinating and executing the maintenance operation/work - on the NFVI. -a) Query request from Administrator to VIM to get information about the - current state of a resource. -b) Response to the query request with information about the current state of - the queried resource(s). In case the resource is in "maintenance" state, - information about the related maintenance operation is returned. - -.. figure:: images/figure10.png - :name: figure10 - :width: 100% - - NFVI Maintenance implementation plan - -:numref:`figure10` shows a more detailed message flow (Steps 3 to 6 and 9) -between the 4 building blocks introduced in Section 5.1.. - -3. The Administrator is sending a StateChange request to the Controller residing - in the VIM. -4. The Controller queries the Resource Map to find the virtual resources - affected by the planned maintenance operation. -5. - - a) The Controller updates the state of the affected virtual resources in the - Resource Map database. - - b) The Controller informs the Notifier about the virtual resources that will - be affected by the maintenance operation. - -6. A maintenance notification is sent to northbound to the Consumer. - -... - -9. The Controller informs the Administrator after the physical resources have - been freed. - - - -Implementation plan for OPNFV Release 1 ---------------------------------------- - -Fault management -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -:numref:`figure11` shows the implementation plan based on OpenStack and -related components as planned for Release 1. Hereby, the Monitor can be realized -by Zabbix. The Controller is realized by OpenStack Nova [NOVA]_, Neutron -[NEUT]_, and Cinder [CIND]_ for compute, network, and storage, -respectively. The Inspector can be realized by Monasca [MONA]_ or a simple -script querying Nova in order to map between physical and virtual resources. The -Notifier will be realized by Ceilometer [CEIL]_ receiving failure events -on its notification bus. - -:numref:`figure12` shows the inner-workings of Ceilometer. After receiving -an "event" on its notification bus, first a notification agent will grab the -event and send a "notification" to the Collector. The collector writes the -notifications received to the Ceilometer databases. - -In the existing Ceilometer implementation, an alarm evaluator is periodically -polling those databases through the APIs provided. If it finds new alarms, it -will evaluate them based on the pre-defined alarm configuration, and depending -on the configuration, it will hand a message to the Alarm Notifier, which in -turn will send the alarm message northbound to the Consumer. :numref:`figure12` -also shows an optimized work flow for Ceilometer with the goal to -reduce the delay for fault notifications to the Consumer. The approach is to -implement a new notification agent (called "publisher" in Ceilometer -terminology) which is directly sending the alarm through the "Notification Bus" -to a new "Notification-driven Alarm Evaluator (NAE)" (see Sections 5.6.2 and -5.6.3), thereby bypassing the Collector and avoiding the additional delay of the -existing polling-based alarm evaluator. The NAE is similar to the OpenStack -"Alarm Evaluator", but is triggered by incoming notifications instead of -periodically polling the OpenStack "Alarms" database for new alarms. The -Ceilometer "Alarms" database can hold three states: "normal", "insufficient -data", and "fired". It is representing a persistent alarm database. In order to -realize the Doctor requirements, we need to define new "meters" in the database -(see Section 5.6.1). - -.. figure:: images/figure11.png - :name: figure11 - :width: 100% - - Implementation plan in OpenStack (OPNFV Release 1 ”Arno”) - - -.. figure:: images/figure12.png - :name: figure12 - :width: 100% - - Implementation plan in Ceilometer architecture - - -NFVI Maintenance -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -For NFVI Maintenance, a quite similar implementation plan exists. Instead of a -raw fault being observed by the Monitor, the Administrator is sending a -Maintenance Request through the northbound interface towards the Controller -residing in the VIM. Similar to the Fault Management use case, the Controller -(in our case OpenStack Nova) will send a maintenance event to the Notifier (i.e. -Ceilometer in our implementation). Within Ceilometer, the same workflow as -described in the previous section applies. In addition, the Controller(s) will -take appropriate actions to evacuate the physical machines in order to prepare -them for the planned maintenance operation. After the physical machines are -emptied, the Controller will inform the Administrator that it can initiate the -maintenance. Alternatively the VMs can just be shut down and boot up on the -same host after maintenance is over. There needs to be policy for administrator -to know the plan for VMs in maintenance. - -Information elements --------------------- - -This section introduces all attributes and information elements used in the -messages exchange on the northbound interfaces between the VIM and the VNFO and -VNFM. - -Note: The information elements will be aligned with current work in ETSI NFV IFA -working group. - - -Simple information elements: - -* SubscriptionID (Identifier): identifies a subscription to receive fault or maintenance - notifications. -* NotificationID (Identifier): identifies a fault or maintenance notification. -* VirtualResourceID (Identifier): identifies a virtual resource affected by a - fault or a maintenance action of the underlying physical resource. -* PhysicalResourceID (Identifier): identifies a physical resource affected by a - fault or maintenance action. -* VirtualResourceState (String): state of a virtual resource, e.g. "normal", - "maintenance", "down", "error". -* PhysicalResourceState (String): state of a physical resource, e.g. "normal", - "maintenance", "down", "error". -* VirtualResourceType (String): type of the virtual resource, e.g. "virtual - machine", "virtual memory", "virtual storage", "virtual CPU", or "virtual - NIC". -* FaultID (Identifier): identifies the related fault in the underlying physical - resource. This can be used to correlate different fault notifications caused - by the same fault in the physical resource. -* FaultType (String): Type of the fault. The allowed values for this parameter - depend on the type of the related physical resource. For example, a resource - of type "compute hardware" may have faults of type "CPU failure", "memory - failure", "network card failure", etc. -* Severity (Integer): value expressing the severity of the fault. The higher the - value, the more severe the fault. -* MinSeverity (Integer): value used in filter information elements. Only faults - with a severity higher than the MinSeverity value will be notified to the - Consumer. -* EventTime (Datetime): Time when the fault was observed. -* EventStartTime and EventEndTime (Datetime): Datetime range that can be used in - a FaultQueryFilter to narrow down the faults to be queried. -* ProbableCause (String): information about the probable cause of the fault. -* CorrelatedFaultID (Integer): list of other faults correlated to this fault. -* isRootCause (Boolean): Parameter indicating if this fault is the root for - other correlated faults. If TRUE, then the faults listed in the parameter - CorrelatedFaultID are caused by this fault. -* FaultDetails (Key-value pair): provides additional information about the - fault, e.g. information about the threshold, monitored attributes, indication - of the trend of the monitored parameter. -* FirmwareVersion (String): current version of the firmware of a physical - resource. -* HypervisorVersion (String): current version of a hypervisor. -* ZoneID (Identifier): Identifier of the resource zone. A resource zone is the - logical separation of physical and software resources in an NFVI deployment - for physical isolation, redundancy, or administrative designation. -* Metadata (Key-value pair): provides additional information of a physical - resource in maintenance/error state. - -Complex information elements (see also UML diagrams in :numref:`figure13` -and :numref:`figure14`): - -* VirtualResourceInfoClass: - - + VirtualResourceID [1] (Identifier) - + VirtualResourceState [1] (String) - + Faults [0..*] (FaultClass): For each resource, all faults - including detailed information about the faults are provided. - -* FaultClass: The parameters of the FaultClass are partially based on ETSI TS - 132 111-2 (V12.1.0) [*]_, which is specifying fault management in 3GPP, in - particular describing the information elements used for alarm notifications. - - - FaultID [1] (Identifier) - - FaultType [1] (String) - - Severity [1] (Integer) - - EventTime [1] (Datetime) - - ProbableCause [1] (String) - - CorrelatedFaultID [0..*] (Identifier) - - FaultDetails [0..*] (Key-value pair) - -.. [*] http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/132100_132199/13211102/12.01.00_60/ts_13211102v120100p.pdf - -* SubscribeFilterClass - - - VirtualResourceType [0..*] (String) - - VirtualResourceID [0..*] (Identifier) - - FaultType [0..*] (String) - - MinSeverity [0..1] (Integer) - -* FaultQueryFilterClass: narrows down the FaultQueryRequest, for example it - limits the query to certain physical resources, a certain zone, a given fault - type/severity/cause, or a specific FaultID. - - - VirtualResourceType [0..*] (String) - - VirtualResourceID [0..*] (Identifier) - - FaultType [0..*] (String) - - MinSeverity [0..1] (Integer) - - EventStartTime [0..1] (Datetime) - - EventEndTime [0..1] (Datetime) - -* PhysicalResourceStateClass: - - - PhysicalResourceID [1] (Identifier) - - PhysicalResourceState [1] (String): mandates the new state of the physical - resource. - - Metadata [0..*] (Key-value pair) - -* PhysicalResourceInfoClass: - - - PhysicalResourceID [1] (Identifier) - - PhysicalResourceState [1] (String) - - FirmwareVersion [0..1] (String) - - HypervisorVersion [0..1] (String) - - ZoneID [0..1] (Identifier) - - Metadata [0..*] (Key-value pair) - -* StateQueryFilterClass: narrows down a StateQueryRequest, for example it limits - the query to certain physical resources, a certain zone, or a given resource - state (e.g., only resources in "maintenance" state). - - - PhysicalResourceID [1] (Identifier) - - PhysicalResourceState [1] (String) - - ZoneID [0..1] (Identifier) - -.. _impl_nbi: - -Detailed northbound interface specification -------------------------------------------- - -This section is specifying the northbound interfaces for fault management and -NFVI maintenance between the VIM on the one end and the Consumer and the -Administrator on the other ends. For each interface all messages and related -information elements are provided. - -Note: The interface definition will be aligned with current work in ETSI NFV IFA -working group . - -All of the interfaces described below are produced by the VIM and consumed by -the Consumer or Administrator. - -Fault management interface -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -This interface allows the VIM to notify the Consumer about a virtual resource -that is affected by a fault, either within the virtual resource itself or by the -underlying virtualization infrastructure. The messages on this interface are -shown in :numref:`figure13` and explained in detail in the following -subsections. - -Note: The information elements used in this section are described in detail in -Section 5.4. - -.. figure:: images/figure13.png - :name: figure13 - :width: 100% - - Fault management NB I/F messages - - -SubscribeRequest (Consumer -> VIM) -__________________________________ - -Subscription from Consumer to VIM to be notified about faults of specific -resources. The faults to be notified about can be narrowed down using a -subscribe filter. - -Parameters: - -- SubscribeFilter [1] (SubscribeFilterClass): Optional information to narrow - down the faults that shall be notified to the Consumer, for example limit to - specific VirtualResourceID(s), severity, or cause of the alarm. - -SubscribeResponse (VIM -> Consumer) -___________________________________ - -Response to a subscribe request message including information about the -subscribed resources, in particular if they are in "fault/error" state. - -Parameters: - -* SubscriptionID [1] (Identifier): Unique identifier for the subscription. It - can be used to delete or update the subscription. -* VirtualResourceInfo [0..*] (VirtualResourceInfoClass): Provides additional - information about the subscribed resources, i.e., a list of the related - resources, the current state of the resources, etc. - -FaultNotification (VIM -> Consumer) -___________________________________ - -Notification about a virtual resource that is affected by a fault, either within -the virtual resource itself or by the underlying virtualization infrastructure. -After reception of this request, the Consumer will decide on the optimal -action to resolve the fault. This includes actions like switching to a hot -standby virtual resource, migration of the fault virtual resource to another -physical machine, termination of the faulty virtual resource and instantiation -of a new virtual resource in order to provide a new hot standby resource. In -some use cases the Consumer can leave virtual resources on failed host to be -booted up again after fault is recovered. Existing resource management -interfaces and messages between the Consumer and the VIM can be used for those -actions, and there is no need to define additional actions on the Fault -Management Interface. - -Parameters: - -* NotificationID [1] (Identifier): Unique identifier for the notification. -* VirtualResourceInfo [1..*] (VirtualResourceInfoClass): List of faulty - resources with detailed information about the faults. - -FaultQueryRequest (Consumer -> VIM) -___________________________________ - -Request to find out about active alarms at the VIM. A FaultQueryFilter can be -used to narrow down the alarms returned in the response message. - -Parameters: - -* FaultQueryFilter [1] (FaultQueryFilterClass): narrows down the - FaultQueryRequest, for example it limits the query to certain physical - resources, a certain zone, a given fault type/severity/cause, or a specific - FaultID. - -FaultQueryResponse (VIM -> Consumer) -____________________________________ - -List of active alarms at the VIM matching the FaultQueryFilter specified in the -FaultQueryRequest. - -Parameters: - -* VirtualResourceInfo [0..*] (VirtualResourceInfoClass): List of faulty - resources. For each resource all faults including detailed information about - the faults are provided. - -NFVI maintenance -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -The NFVI maintenance interfaces Consumer-VIM allows the Consumer to subscribe to -maintenance notifications provided by the VIM. The related maintenance interface -Administrator-VIM allows the Administrator to issue maintenance requests to the -VIM, i.e. requesting the VIM to take appropriate actions to empty physical -machine(s) in order to execute maintenance operations on them. The interface -also allows the Administrator to query the state of physical machines, e.g., in -order to get details in the current status of the maintenance operation like a -firmware update. - -The messages defined in these northbound interfaces are shown in :numref:`figure14` -and described in detail in the following subsections. - -.. figure:: images/figure14.png - :name: figure14 - :width: 100% - - NFVI maintenance NB I/F messages - -SubscribeRequest (Consumer -> VIM) -__________________________________ - -Subscription from Consumer to VIM to be notified about maintenance operations -for specific virtual resources. The resources to be informed about can be -narrowed down using a subscribe filter. - -Parameters: - -* SubscribeFilter [1] (SubscribeFilterClass): Information to narrow down the - faults that shall be notified to the Consumer, for example limit to specific - virtual resource type(s). - -SubscribeResponse (VIM -> Consumer) -___________________________________ - -Response to a subscribe request message, including information about the -subscribed virtual resources, in particular if they are in "maintenance" state. - -Parameters: - -* SubscriptionID [1] (Identifier): Unique identifier for the subscription. It - can be used to delete or update the subscription. -* VirtualResourceInfo [0..*] (VirtalResourceInfoClass): Provides additional - information about the subscribed virtual resource(s), e.g., the ID, type and - current state of the resource(s). - -MaintenanceNotification (VIM -> Consumer) -_________________________________________ - -Notification about a physical resource switched to "maintenance" state. After -reception of this request, the Consumer will decide on the optimal action to -address this request, e.g., to switch to the standby (STBY) configuration. - -Parameters: - -* VirtualResourceInfo [1..*] (VirtualResourceInfoClass): List of virtual - resources where the state has been changed to maintenance. - -StateChangeRequest (Administrator -> VIM) -_________________________________________ - -Request to change the state of a list of physical resources, e.g. to -"maintenance" state, in order to prepare them for a planned maintenance -operation. - -Parameters: - -* PhysicalResourceState [1..*] (PhysicalResourceStateClass) - -StateChangeResponse (VIM -> Administrator) -__________________________________________ - -Response message to inform the Administrator that the requested resources are -now in maintenance state (or the operation resulted in an error) and the -maintenance operation(s) can be executed. - -Parameters: - -* PhysicalResourceInfo [1..*] (PhysicalResourceInfoClass) - -StateQueryRequest (Administrator -> VIM) -________________________________________ - -In this procedure, the Administrator would like to get the information about -physical machine(s), e.g. their state ("normal", "maintenance"), firmware -version, hypervisor version, update status of firmware and hypervisor, etc. It -can be used to check the progress during firmware update and the confirmation -after update. A filter can be used to narrow down the resources returned in the -response message. - -Parameters: - -* StateQueryFilter [1] (StateQueryFilterClass): narrows down the - StateQueryRequest, for example it limits the query to certain physical - resources, a certain zone, or a given resource state. - -StateQueryResponse (VIM -> Administrator) -_________________________________________ - -List of physical resources matching the filter specified in the -StateQueryRequest. - -Parameters: - -* PhysicalResourceInfo [0..*] (PhysicalResourceInfoClass): List of physical - resources. For each resource, information about the current state, the - firmware version, etc. is provided. - -NFV IFA, OPNFV Doctor and AODH alarms -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -This section compares the alarm interfaces of ETSI NFV IFA with the specifications -of this document and the alarm class of AODH. - -ETSI NFV specifies an interface for alarms from virtualised resources in ETSI GS -NFV-IFA 005 [ENFV]_. The interface specifies an Alarm class and two notifications plus -operations to query alarm instances and to subscribe to the alarm notifications. - -The specification in this document has a structure that is very similar to the -ETSI NFV specifications. The notifications differ in that an alarm notification -in the NFV interface defines a single fault for a single resource while the -notification specified in this document can contain multiple faults for -multiple resources. The Doctor specification is lacking the detailed time stamps -of the NFV specification essential for synchronizaion of the alarm list -using the query operation. The detailed time stamps are also of value in the event -and alarm history DBs. - -AODH defines a base class for alarms, not the notifications. This means that -some of the dynamic attributes of the ETSI NFV alarm type, like alarmRaisedTime, -are not applicable to the AODH alarm class but are attributes of in the actual -notifications. (Description of these attributes will be added later.) The AODH alarm -class is lacking some attributes present in the NFV specification, fault details -and correlated alarms. Instead the AODH alarm class has attributes for actions, -rules and user and project id. - - -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| ETSI NFV Alarm Type | OPNFV Doctor | AODH Event Alarm | Description / Comment | Recommendations | -| | Requirement Specs | Notification | | | -+========================+========================+=====================+=============================================+=======================================+ -| alarmId | FaultId | alarm_id | Identifier of an alarm. | \- | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| \- | \- | alarm_name | Human readable alarm name. | May be added in ETSI NFV Stage 3. | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| managedObjectId | VirtualResourceId | (reason) | Identifier of the affected virtual resource | \- | -| | | | is part of the AODH reason parameter. | | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| \- | \- | user_id, project_id | User and project identifiers. | May be added in ETSI NFV Stage 3. | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| alarmRaisedTime | \- | \- | Timestamp when alarm was raised. | To be added to Doctor and AODH. May | -| | | | | be derived (e.g. in a shimlayer) from | -| | | | | the AODH alarm history. | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| alarmChangedTime | \- | \- | Timestamp when alarm was changed/updated. | see above | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| alarmClearedTime | \- | \- | Timestamp when alarm was cleared. | see above | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| eventTime | \- | \- | Timestamp when alarm was first observed by | see above | -| | | | the Monitor. | | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| \- | EventTime | generated | Timestamp of the Notification. | Update parameter name in Doctor spec. | -| | | | | May be added in ETSI NFV Stage 3. | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| state: | VirtualResourceState: | current: ok, alarm, | ETSI NFV IFA 005/006 lists example alarm | Maintenance state is missing in AODH. | -| E.g. Fired, Updated | E.g. normal, down | insufficient_data | states. | List of alarm states will be | -| Cleared | maintenance, error | | | specified in ETSI NFV Stage 3. | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| perceivedSeverity: | Severity (Integer) | Severity: | ETSI NFV IFA 005/006 lists example | List of alarm states will be | -| E.g. Critical, Major, | | low (default), | perceived severity values. | specified in ETSI NFV Stage 3. | -| Minor, Warning, | | moderate, critical | | | -| Indeterminate, Cleared | | | | **OPNFV: Severity (Integer)**: | -| | | | | * update OPNFV Doctor specification | -| | | | | to *Enum* | -| | | | | | -| | | | | **perceivedSeverity=Indetermined**: | -| | | | | * remove value *Indetermined* in | -| | | | | IFA and map undefined values to | -| | | | | “minor” severity, or | -| | | | | * add value *indetermined* in AODH | -| | | | | and make it the default value. | -| | | | | | -| | | | | **perceivedSeverity=Cleared**: | -| | | | | * remove value *Cleared* in IFA as | -| | | | | the information about a cleared | -| | | | | alarm alarm can be derived from | -| | | | | the alarm state parameter, or | -| | | | | * add value *cleared* in AODH and | -| | | | | set a rule that the severity is | -| | | | | “cleared” when the state is *ok*. | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| faultType | FaultType | event_type in | Type of the fault, e.g. “CPU failure” of a | OpenStack Alarming (Aodh) can use a | -| | | reason_data | compute resource, in machine interpretable | fuzzy matching with wildcard string, | -| | | | format. | "compute.cpu.failure". | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| N/A | N/A | type = "event" | Type of the notification. For fault | \- | -| | | | notifications the type in AODH is “event”. | | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| probableCause | ProbableCause | \- | Probable cause of the alarm. | May be provided (e.g. in a shimlayer) | -| | | | | based on Vitrage topology awareness / | -| | | | | root-cause-analysis. | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| isRootCause | IsRootCause | \- | Boolean indicating whether the fault is the | see above | -| | | | root cause of other faults. | | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| correlatedAlarmId | CorrelatedFaultId | \- | List of IDs of correlated faults. | see above | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| faultDetails | FaultDetails | \- | Additional details about the fault/alarm. | FaultDetails information element will | -| | | | | be specified in ETSI NFV Stage 3. | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ -| \- | \- | action, previous | Additional AODH alarm related parameters. | \- | -+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ - -Table: Comparison of alarm attributes - -The primary area of improvement should be alignment of the perceived severity. This -is important for a quick and accurate evaluation of the alarm. AODH thus should -support also the X.733 values Critical, Major, Minor, Warning and Indeterminate. - -The detailed time stamps (raised, changed, cleared) which are essential for -synchronizing the alarm list using a query operation should be added to the -Doctor specification. - -Other areas that need alignment is the so called alarm state in NFV. Here we must -however consider what can be attributes of the notification vs. what should be a -property of the alarm instance. This will be analyzed later. - -.. _southbound: - -Detailed southbound interface specification -------------------------------------------- - -This section is specifying the southbound interfaces for fault management -between the Monitors and the Inspector. -Although southbound interfaces should be flexible to handle various events from -different types of Monitors, we define unified event API in order to improve -interoperability between the Monitors and the Inspector. -This is not limiting implementation of Monitor and Inspector as these could be -extended in order to support failures from intelligent inspection like prediction. - -Note: The interface definition will be aligned with current work in ETSI NFV IFA -working group. - -Fault event interface -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -This interface allows the Monitors to notify the Inspector about an event which -was captured by the Monitor and may effect resources managed in the VIM. - -EventNotification -_________________ - - -Event notification including fault description. -The entity of this notification is event, and not fault or error specifically. -This allows us to use generic event format or framework build out of Doctor project. -The parameters below shall be mandatory, but keys in 'Details' can be optional. - -Parameters: - -* Time [1]: Datetime when the fault was observed in the Monitor. -* Type [1]: Type of event that will be used to process correlation in Inspector. -* Details [0..1]: Details containing additional information with Key-value pair style. - Keys shall be defined depending on the Type of the event. - -E.g.: - -.. code-block:: bash - - { - 'event': { - 'time': '2016-04-12T08:00:00', - 'type': 'compute.host.down', - 'details': { - 'hostname': 'compute-1', - 'source': 'sample_monitor', - 'cause': 'link-down', - 'severity': 'critical', - 'status': 'down', - 'monitor_id': 'monitor-1', - 'monitor_event_id': '123', - } - } - } - -Optional parameters in 'Details': - -* Hostname: the hostname on which the event occurred. -* Source: the display name of reporter of this event. This is not limited to monitor, other entity can be specified such as 'KVM'. -* Cause: description of the cause of this event which could be different from the type of this event. -* Severity: the severity of this event set by the monitor. -* Status: the status of target object in which error occurred. -* MonitorID: the ID of the monitor sending this event. -* MonitorEventID: the ID of the event in the monitor. This can be used by operator while tracking the monitor log. -* RelatedTo: the array of IDs which related to this event. - -Also, we can have bulk API to receive multiple events in a single HTTP POST -message by using the 'events' wrapper as follows: - -.. code-block:: bash - - { - 'events': [ - 'event': { - 'time': '2016-04-12T08:00:00', - 'type': 'compute.host.down', - 'details': {}, - }, - 'event': { - 'time': '2016-04-12T08:00:00', - 'type': 'compute.host.nic.error', - 'details': {}, - } - ] - } - - - - -Blueprints ----------- - -This section is listing a first set of blueprints that have been proposed by the -Doctor project to the open source community. Further blueprints addressing other -gaps identified in Section 4 will be submitted at a later stage of the OPNFV. In -this section the following definitions are used: - -* "Event" is a message emitted by other OpenStack services such as Nova and - Neutron and is consumed by the "Notification Agents" in Ceilometer. -* "Notification" is a message generated by a "Notification Agent" in Ceilometer - based on an "event" and is delivered to the "Collectors" in Ceilometer that - store those notifications (as "sample") to the Ceilometer "Databases". - -Instance State Notification (Ceilometer) [*]_ -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -The Doctor project is planning to handle "events" and "notifications" regarding -Resource Status; Instance State, Port State, Host State, etc. Currently, -Ceilometer already receives "events" to identify the state of those resources, -but it does not handle and store them yet. This is why we also need a new event -definition to capture those resource states from "events" created by other -services. - -This BP proposes to add a new compute notification state to handle events from -an instance (server) from nova. It also creates a new meter "instance.state" in -OpenStack. - -.. [*] https://etherpad.opnfv.org/p/doctor_bps - -Event Publisher for Alarm (Ceilometer) [*]_ -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -**Problem statement:** - - The existing "Alarm Evaluator" in OpenStack Ceilometer is periodically - querying/polling the databases in order to check all alarms independently from - other processes. This is adding additional delay to the fault notification - send to the Consumer, whereas one requirement of Doctor is to react on faults - as fast as possible. - - The existing message flow is shown in :numref:`figure12`: after receiving - an "event", a "notification agent" (i.e. "event publisher") will send a - "notification" to a "Collector". The "collector" is collecting the - notifications and is updating the Ceilometer "Meter" database that is storing - information about the "sample" which is capured from original "event". The - "Alarm Evaluator" is periodically polling this databases then querying "Meter" - database based on each alarm configuration. - - In the current Ceilometer implementation, there is no possibility to directly - trigger the "Alarm Evaluator" when a new "event" was received, but the "Alarm - Evaluator" will only find out that requires firing new notification to the - Consumer when polling the database. - -**Change/feature request:** - - This BP proposes to add a new "event publisher for alarm", which is bypassing - several steps in Ceilometer in order to avoid the polling-based approach of - the existing Alarm Evaluator that makes notification slow to users. - - After receiving an "(alarm) event" by listening on the Ceilometer message - queue ("notification bus"), the new "event publisher for alarm" immediately - hands a "notification" about this event to a new Ceilometer component - "Notification-driven alarm evaluator" proposed in the other BP (see Section - 5.6.3). - - Note, the term "publisher" refers to an entity in the Ceilometer architecture - (it is a "notification agent"). It offers the capability to provide - notifications to other services outside of Ceilometer, but it is also used to - deliver notifications to other Ceilometer components (e.g. the "Collectors") - via the Ceilometer "notification bus". - -**Implementation detail** - - * "Event publisher for alarm" is part of Ceilometer - * The standard AMQP message queue is used with a new topic string. - * No new interfaces have to be added to Ceilometer. - * "Event publisher for Alarm" can be configured by the Administrator of - Ceilometer to be used as "Notification Agent" in addition to the existing - "Notifier" - * Existing alarm mechanisms of Ceilometer can be used allowing users to - configure how to distribute the "notifications" transformed from "events", - e.g. there is an option whether an ongoing alarm is re-issued or not - ("repeat_actions"). - -.. [*] https://etherpad.opnfv.org/p/doctor_bps - -Notification-driven alarm evaluator (Ceilometer) [*]_ -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -**Problem statement:** - -The existing "Alarm Evaluator" in OpenStack Ceilometer is periodically -querying/polling the databases in order to check all alarms independently from -other processes. This is adding additional delay to the fault notification send -to the Consumer, whereas one requirement of Doctor is to react on faults as fast -as possible. - -**Change/feature request:** - -This BP is proposing to add an alternative "Notification-driven Alarm Evaluator" -for Ceilometer that is receiving "notifications" sent by the "Event Publisher -for Alarm" described in the other BP. Once this new "Notification-driven Alarm -Evaluator" received "notification", it finds the "alarm" configurations which -may relate to the "notification" by querying the "alarm" database with some keys -i.e. resource ID, then it will evaluate each alarm with the information in that -"notification". - -After the alarm evaluation, it will perform the same way as the existing "alarm -evaluator" does for firing alarm notification to the Consumer. Similar to the -existing Alarm Evaluator, this new "Notification-driven Alarm Evaluator" is -aggregating and correlating different alarms which are then provided northbound -to the Consumer via the OpenStack "Alarm Notifier". The user/administrator can -register the alarm configuration via existing Ceilometer API [*]_. Thereby, he -can configure whether to set an alarm or not and where to send the alarms to. - -**Implementation detail** - -* The new "Notification-driven Alarm Evaluator" is part of Ceilometer. -* Most of the existing source code of the "Alarm Evaluator" can be re-used to - implement this BP -* No additional application logic is needed -* It will access the Ceilometer Databases just like the existing "Alarm - evaluator" -* Only the polling-based approach will be replaced by a listener for - "notifications" provided by the "Event Publisher for Alarm" on the Ceilometer - "notification bus". -* No new interfaces have to be added to Ceilometer. - - -.. [*] https://etherpad.opnfv.org/p/doctor_bps -.. [*] https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Ceilometer/Alerting - -Report host fault to update server state immediately (Nova) [*]_ -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -**Problem statement:** - -* Nova state change for failed or unreachable host is slow and does not reliably - state host is down or not. This might cause same server instance to run twice - if action taken to evacuate instance to another host. -* Nova state for server(s) on failed host will not change, but remains active - and running. This gives the user false information about server state. -* VIM northbound interface notification of host faults towards VNFM and NFVO - should be in line with OpenStack state. This fault notification is a Telco - requirement defined in ETSI and will be implemented by OPNFV Doctor project. -* Openstack user cannot make HA actions fast and reliably by trusting server - state and host state. - -**Proposed change:** - -There needs to be a new API for Admin to state host is down. This API is used to -mark services running in host down to reflect the real situation. - -Example on compute node is: - -* When compute node is up and running::: - - vm_state: activeand power_state: running - nova-compute state: up status: enabled - -* When compute node goes down and new API is called to state host is down::: - - vm_state: stopped power_state: shutdown - nova-compute state: down status: enabled - -**Alternatives:** - -There is no attractive alternative to detect all different host faults than to -have an external tool to detect different host faults. For this kind of tool to -exist there needs to be new API in Nova to report fault. Currently there must be -some kind of workarounds implemented as cannot trust or get the states from -OpenStack fast enough. - -.. [*] https://blueprints.launchpad.net/nova/+spec/update-server-state-immediately - -Other related BPs -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -This section lists some BPs related to Doctor, but proposed by drafters outside -the OPNFV community. - -pacemaker-servicegroup-driver [*]_ -__________________________________ - -This BP will detect and report host down quite fast to OpenStack. This however -might not work properly for example when management network has some problem and -host reported faulty while VM still running there. This might lead to launching -same VM instance twice causing problems. Also NB IF message needs fault reason -and for that the source needs to be a tool that detects different kind of faults -as Doctor will be doing. Also this BP might need enhancement to change server -and service states correctly. - -.. [*] https://blueprints.launchpad.net/nova/+spec/pacemaker-servicegroup-driver diff --git a/docs/requirements/06-summary.rst b/docs/requirements/06-summary.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 61bf3f47..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/06-summary.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. -.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 - -Summary and conclusion -====================== - -The Doctor project aimed at detailing NFVI fault management and NFVI maintenance -requirements. These are indispensable operations for an Operator, and extremely -necessary to realize telco-grade high availability. High availability is a large -topic; the objective of Doctor is not to realize a complete high availability -architecture and implementation. Instead, Doctor limited itself to addressing -the fault events in NFVI, and proposes enhancements necessary in VIM, e.g. -OpenStack, to ensure VNFs availability in such fault events, taking a Telco VNFs -application level management system into account. - -The Doctor project performed a robust analysis of the requirements from NFVI -fault management and NFVI maintenance operation, concretely found out gaps in -between such requirements and the current implementation of OpenStack, and -proposed potential development plans to fill out such gaps in OpenStack. -Blueprints are already under investigation and the next step is to fill out -those gaps in OpenStack by code development in the coming releases. - -.. - vim: set tabstop=4 expandtab textwidth=80: diff --git a/docs/requirements/07-annex.rst b/docs/requirements/07-annex.rst deleted file mode 100644 index c3a7899d..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/07-annex.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,129 +0,0 @@ -.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. -.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 - -.. _nfvi_faults: - -Annex: NFVI Faults -================================================= - -Faults in the listed elements need to be immediately notified to the Consumer in -order to perform an immediate action like live migration or switch to a hot -standby entity. In addition, the Administrator of the host should trigger a -maintenance action to, e.g., reboot the server or replace a defective hardware -element. - -Faults can be of different severity, i.e., critical, warning, or -info. Critical faults require immediate action as a severe degradation of the -system has happened or is expected. Warnings indicate that the system -performance is going down: related actions include closer (e.g. more frequent) -monitoring of that part of the system or preparation for a cold migration to a -backup VM. Info messages do not require any action. We also consider a type -"maintenance", which is no real fault, but may trigger maintenance actions -like a re-boot of the server or replacement of a faulty, but redundant HW. - -Faults can be gathered by, e.g., enabling SNMP and installing some open source -tools to catch and poll SNMP. When using for example Zabbix one can also put an -agent running on the hosts to catch any other fault. In any case of failure, the -Administrator should be notified. The following tables provide a list of high -level faults that are considered within the scope of the Doctor project -requiring immediate action by the Consumer. - -**Compute/Storage** - -+-------------------+----------+------------+-----------------+------------------+ -| Fault | Severity | How to | Comment | Immediate action | -| | | detect? | | to recover | -+===================+==========+============+=================+==================+ -| Processor/CPU | Critical | Zabbix | | Switch to hot | -| failure, CPU | | | | standby | -| condition not ok | | | | | -+-------------------+----------+------------+-----------------+------------------+ -| Memory failure/ | Critical | Zabbix | | Switch to hot | -| Memory condition | | (IPMI) | | standby | -| not ok | | | | | -+-------------------+----------+------------+-----------------+------------------+ -| Network card | Critical | Zabbix/ | | Switch to hot | -| failure, e.g. | | Ceilometer | | standby | -| network adapter | | | | | -| connectivity lost | | | | | -+-------------------+----------+------------+-----------------+------------------+ -| Disk crash | Info | RAID | Network storage | Inform OAM | -| | | monitoring | is very | | -| | | | redundant (e.g. | | -| | | | RAID system) | | -| | | | and can | | -| | | | guarantee high | | -| | | | availability | | -+-------------------+----------+------------+-----------------+------------------+ -| Storage | Critical | Zabbix | | Live migration | -| controller | | (IPMI) | | if storage | -| | | | | is still | -| | | | | accessible; | -| | | | | otherwise hot | -| | | | | standby | -+-------------------+----------+------------+-----------------+------------------+ -| PDU/power | Critical | Zabbix/ | | Switch to hot | -| failure, power | | Ceilometer | | standby | -| off, server reset | | | | | -+-------------------+----------+------------+-----------------+------------------+ -| Power | Warning | SNMP | | Live migration | -| degration, power | | | | | -| redundancy lost, | | | | | -| power threshold | | | | | -| exceeded | | | | | -+-------------------+----------+------------+-----------------+------------------+ -| Chassis problem | Warning | SNMP | | Live migration | -| (e.g. fan | | | | | -| degraded/failed, | | | | | -| chassis power | | | | | -| degraded), CPU | | | | | -| fan problem, | | | | | -| temperature/ | | | | | -| thermal condition | | | | | -| not ok | | | | | -+-------------------+----------+------------+-----------------+------------------+ -| Mainboard failure | Critical | Zabbix | e.g. PCIe, SAS | Switch to hot | -| | | (IPMI) | link failure | standby | -+-------------------+----------+------------+-----------------+------------------+ -| OS crash (e.g. | Critical | Zabbix | | Switch to hot | -| kernel panic) | | | | standby | -+-------------------+----------+------------+-----------------+------------------+ - -**Hypervisor** - -+----------------+----------+------------+-------------+-------------------+ -| Fault | Severity | How to | Comment | Immediate action | -| | | detect? | | to recover | -+================+==========+============+=============+===================+ -| System has | Critical | Zabbix | | Switch to hot | -| restarted | | | | standby | -+----------------+----------+------------+-------------+-------------------+ -| Hypervisor | Warning/ | Zabbix/ | | Evacuation/switch | -| failure | Critical | Ceilometer | | to hot standby | -+----------------+----------+------------+-------------+-------------------+ -| Hypervisor | Warning | Alarming | Zabbix/ | Rebuild VM | -| status not | | service | Ceilometer | | -| retrievable | | | unreachable | | -| after certain | | | | | -| period | | | | | -+----------------+----------+------------+-------------+-------------------+ - -**Network** - -+------------------+----------+---------+----------------+---------------------+ -| Fault | Severity | How to | Comment | Immediate action to | -| | | detect? | | recover | -+==================+==========+=========+================+=====================+ -| SDN/OpenFlow | Critical | Ceilo- | | Switch to | -| switch, | | meter | | hot standby | -| controller | | | | or reconfigure | -| degraded/failed | | | | virtual network | -| | | | | topology | -+------------------+----------+---------+----------------+---------------------+ -| Hardware failure | Warning | SNMP | Redundancy of | Live migration if | -| of physical | | | physical | possible otherwise | -| switch/router | | | infrastructure | evacuation | -| | | | is reduced or | | -| | | | no longer | | -| | | | available | | -+------------------+----------+---------+----------------+---------------------+ diff --git a/docs/requirements/99-references.rst b/docs/requirements/99-references.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 0fd3a36a..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/99-references.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. -.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 - -References and bibliography -=========================== - -.. [DOCT] OPNFV, "Doctor" requirements project, [Online]. Available at - https://wiki.opnfv.org/doctor -.. [PRED] OPNFV, "Data Collection for Failure Prediction" requirements project - [Online]. Available at https://wiki.opnfv.org/prediction -.. [OPSK] OpenStack, [Online]. Available at https://www.openstack.org/ -.. [CEIL] OpenStack Telemetry (Ceilometer), [Online]. Available at - https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Ceilometer -.. [NOVA] OpenStack Nova, [Online]. Available at - https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Nova -.. [NEUT] OpenStack Neutron, [Online]. Available at - https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Neutron -.. [CIND] OpenStack Cinder, [Online]. Available at - https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Cinder -.. [MONA] OpenStack Monasca, [Online], Available at - https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Monasca -.. [OSAG] OpenStack Cloud Administrator Guide, [Online]. Available at - http://docs.openstack.org/admin-guide-cloud/content/ -.. [ZABB] ZABBIX, the Enterprise-class Monitoring Solution for Everyone, - [Online]. Available at http://www.zabbix.com/ -.. [ENFV] ETSI NFV, [Online]. Available at - http://www.etsi.org/technologies-clusters/technologies/nfv - - - -.. - vim: set tabstop=4 expandtab textwidth=80: diff --git a/docs/requirements/glossary.rst b/docs/requirements/glossary.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 2c82b37f..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/glossary.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,89 +0,0 @@ -.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. -.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 - -**Definition of terms** - -Different SDOs and communities use different terminology related to -NFV/Cloud/SDN. This list tries to define an OPNFV terminology, -mapping/translating the OPNFV terms to terminology used in other contexts. - - -.. glossary:: - - ACT-STBY configuration - Failover configuration common in Telco deployments. It enables the - operator to use a standby (STBY) instance to take over the functionality - of a failed active (ACT) instance. - - Administrator - Administrator of the system, e.g. OAM in Telco context. - - Consumer - User-side Manager; consumer of the interfaces produced by the VIM; VNFM, - NFVO, or Orchestrator in ETSI NFV [ENFV]_ terminology. - - EPC - Evolved Packet Core, the main component of the core network architecture - of 3GPP's LTE communication standard. - - MME - Mobility Management Entity, an entity in the EPC dedicated to mobility - management. - - NFV - Network Function Virtualization - - NFVI - Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure; totality of all hardware - and software components which build up the environment in which VNFs are - deployed. - - S/P-GW - Serving/PDN-Gateway, two entities in the EPC dedicated to routing user - data packets and providing connectivity from the UE to external packet - data networks (PDN), respectively. - - Physical resource - Actual resources in NFVI; not visible to Consumer. - - VNFM - Virtualized Network Function Manager; functional block that is - responsible for the lifecycle management of VNF. - - NFVO - Network Functions Virtualization Orchestrator; functional block that - manages the Network Service (NS) lifecycle and coordinates the - management of NS lifecycle, VNF lifecycle (supported by the VNFM) and - NFVI resources (supported by the VIM) to ensure an optimized allocation - of the necessary resources and connectivity. - - VIM - Virtualized Infrastructure Manager; functional block that is responsible - for controlling and managing the NFVI compute, storage and network - resources, usually within one operator's Infrastructure Domain, e.g. - NFVI Point of Presence (NFVI-PoP). - - Virtual Machine (VM) - Virtualized computation environment that behaves very much like a - physical computer/server. - - Virtual network - Virtual network routes information among the network interfaces of VM - instances and physical network interfaces, providing the necessary - connectivity. - - Virtual resource - A Virtual Machine (VM), a virtual network, or virtualized storage; - Offered resources to "Consumer" as result of infrastructure - virtualization; visible to Consumer. - - Virtual Storage - Virtualized non-volatile storage allocated to a VM. - - VNF - Virtualized Network Function. Implementation of a Network Function that - can be deployed on a Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure - (NFVI). - -.. - vim: set tabstop=4 expandtab textwidth=80: diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/LICENSE b/docs/requirements/images/LICENSE deleted file mode 100644 index f2b47d20..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/LICENSE +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -Copyright 2015 Open Platform for NFV Project, Inc. and its contributors - -Open Platform for NFV Project Documentation License -=================================================== -Any documentation developed by the "Open Platform for NFV Project" -is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. -You should have received a copy of the license along with this. If not, -see <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>. - -Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, documentation -distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, -WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. -See the License for the specific language governing permissions and -limitations under the License. diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/figure1.png b/docs/requirements/images/figure1.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 267ddddc..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/figure1.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/figure10.png b/docs/requirements/images/figure10.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100755 index d3268018..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/figure10.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/figure11.png b/docs/requirements/images/figure11.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100755 index b5fe0f8c..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/figure11.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/figure12.png b/docs/requirements/images/figure12.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100755 index 2d394629..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/figure12.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/figure13.png b/docs/requirements/images/figure13.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100755 index 5f8227a5..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/figure13.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/figure14.png b/docs/requirements/images/figure14.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100755 index b65ca9ae..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/figure14.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/figure2.png b/docs/requirements/images/figure2.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 9a3b166d..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/figure2.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/figure3.png b/docs/requirements/images/figure3.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100755 index ee04dfae..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/figure3.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/figure4.png b/docs/requirements/images/figure4.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100755 index 9eff177a..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/figure4.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/figure5a.png b/docs/requirements/images/figure5a.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100755 index d347b412..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/figure5a.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/figure5b.png b/docs/requirements/images/figure5b.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100755 index 75a43669..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/figure5b.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/figure5c.png b/docs/requirements/images/figure5c.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100755 index 4fb2ba03..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/figure5c.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/figure6.png b/docs/requirements/images/figure6.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100755 index cf0d2be9..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/figure6.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/figure7.png b/docs/requirements/images/figure7.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100755 index b88a2e65..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/figure7.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/figure8.png b/docs/requirements/images/figure8.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100755 index 907a0b30..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/figure8.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/docs/requirements/images/figure9.png b/docs/requirements/images/figure9.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100755 index 61501c4d..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/images/figure9.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/docs/requirements/index.rst b/docs/requirements/index.rst deleted file mode 100644 index fcbfb88e..00000000 --- a/docs/requirements/index.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. -.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 - -**************************************** -Doctor: Fault Management and Maintenance -**************************************** - -:Project: Doctor, https://wiki.opnfv.org/doctor -:Editors: Ashiq Khan (NTT DOCOMO), Gerald Kunzmann (NTT DOCOMO) -:Authors: Ryota Mibu (NEC), Carlos Goncalves (NEC), Tomi Juvonen (Nokia), - Tommy Lindgren (Ericsson), Bertrand Souville (NTT DOCOMO), - Balazs Gibizer (Ericsson), Ildiko Vancsa (Ericsson) and others. - -:Abstract: Doctor is an OPNFV requirement project [DOCT]_. Its scope is NFVI - fault management, and maintenance and it aims at developing and - realizing the consequent implementation for the OPNFV reference - platform. - - This deliverable is introducing the use cases and operational - scenarios for Fault Management considered in the Doctor project. - From the general features, a high level architecture describing - logical building blocks and interfaces is derived. Finally, - a detailed implementation is introduced, based on available open - source components, and a related gap analysis is done as part of - this project. The implementation plan finally discusses an initial - realization for a NFVI fault management and maintenance solution in - open source software. - -:History: - - ========== ===================================================== - Date Description - ========== ===================================================== - 02.12.2014 Project creation - 14.04.2015 Initial version of the deliverable uploaded to Gerrit - 18.05.2015 Stable version of the Doctor deliverable - 25.02.2016 Updated version for the Brahmaputra release - 26.09.2016 Updated version for the Colorado release - xx.xx.2017 Updated version for the Danube release - ========== ===================================================== - -.. raw:: latex - - \newpage - -.. include:: - glossary.rst - -.. toctree:: - :maxdepth: 4 - :numbered: - - 01-intro.rst - 02-use_cases.rst - 03-architecture.rst - 04-gaps.rst - 05-implementation.rst - 06-summary.rst - 07-annex.rst - -.. include:: - 99-references.rst |
