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authorliyuenan <liyuenan@huawei.com>2017-01-18 18:05:27 +0800
committerliyuenan <liyuenan@huawei.com>2017-01-25 12:37:20 +0800
commit7173757a6190f4528d36053d82467c74dbf16b3f (patch)
treebfed2b845188bf51891f6397b3fbd3afbd566fea /deploy/adapters
parentd001a27936a5d55cda2d8ca0849f30a8bd1c0b3d (diff)
Ansible Module substitute for Shell Commands
JIRA: COMPASS-520 After update ansible version to v3, keystone_user module only support v2 API. So we use Shell Commands now, but it will failed with high probability. Those Shell Commands should be instead by ansible modules to manage Identity users, projects or some other work like crate networks. Change-Id: I63d38b4a811a9c063ac4404da72787f594411b53 Signed-off-by: liyuenan <liyuenan@huawei.com>
Diffstat (limited to 'deploy/adapters')
-rwxr-xr-xdeploy/adapters/ansible/ansible_modules/keystone_endpoint.py227
-rw-r--r--deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/ext-network/tasks/main.yml54
-rw-r--r--deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/heat/tasks/heat_install.yml38
-rw-r--r--deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/tasks/keystone_create.yml198
-rw-r--r--deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/tasks/keystone_install.yml16
-rw-r--r--deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/tasks/main.yml4
-rw-r--r--deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/templates/clouds.yml.j212
-rw-r--r--deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/vars/main.yml30
-rw-r--r--deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/nova-controller/tasks/nova_config.yml2
-rw-r--r--deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/openstack-post/tasks/main.yml24
-rw-r--r--deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/openstack-post/vars/main.yml45
11 files changed, 484 insertions, 166 deletions
diff --git a/deploy/adapters/ansible/ansible_modules/keystone_endpoint.py b/deploy/adapters/ansible/ansible_modules/keystone_endpoint.py
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..0201dd26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/adapters/ansible/ansible_modules/keystone_endpoint.py
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#
+# Copyright 2017 Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+try:
+ import shade
+ HAS_SHADE = True
+except ImportError:
+ HAS_SHADE = False
+
+from distutils.version import StrictVersion
+from ansible.module_utils.basic import * # noqa: F403
+from ansible.module_utils.openstack import * # noqa: F403
+
+ANSIBLE_METADATA = {'status': ['preview'],
+ 'supported_by': 'community',
+ 'version': '1.0'}
+
+DOCUMENTATION = '''
+---
+module: keystone_endpoint
+short_description: Manage OpenStack endpoint
+extends_documentation_fragment: openstack
+author: "Yuenan Li"
+version_added: "2.2"
+description:
+ - Create, update, or delete OpenStack endpoint.
+options:
+ name:
+ description:
+ - Name of the endpoint
+ required: true
+ service_type:
+ description:
+ - The type of service
+ required: true
+ enabled:
+ description:
+ - Is the endpoint enabled
+ required: false
+ default: True
+ interface:
+ description:
+ - Interface type of the endpoint
+ required: false
+ url:
+ description:
+ - URL of the endpoint
+ required: true
+ region:
+ description:
+ - Endpoint region
+ state:
+ description:
+ - Should the resource be present or absent
+ choices: [present, absent]
+ default: present
+requirements:
+ - "python >= 2.6"
+ - "shade"
+'''
+
+EXAMPLES = '''
+# Create a endpoint for glance
+- keystone_endpoint:
+ cloud: mycloud
+ state: present
+ name: glance
+ admin_url: http://172.16.1.222:9292
+ internal_url: http://172.16.1.222:9292
+ public_url: http://172.16.1.222:9292
+'''
+
+RETURN = '''
+endpoint:
+ description: Dictionary describing the endpoint.
+ returned: On success when state is 'present'
+ type: dictionary
+ contains:
+ id:
+ description: endpoint ID.
+ type: string
+ sample: "3292f020780b4d5baf27ff7e1d224c44"
+ name:
+ description: endpoint name.
+ type: string
+ sample: "glance"
+ interface:
+ description: Interface type.
+ type: string
+ sample: "admin"
+ url:
+ description: URL.
+ type: string
+ sample: "http://172.16.1.222:9292"
+id:
+ description: The endpoint ID.
+ returned: On success when state is 'present'
+ type: string
+ sample: "3292f020780b4d5baf27ff7e1d224c44"
+'''
+
+
+def _needs_update(module, endpoint):
+ if endpoint.url != module.params['url'] and \
+ endpoint.interface == module.params['interface']:
+ return True
+ return False
+
+
+def _system_state_change(module, endpoint):
+ state = module.params['state']
+ if state == 'absent' and endpoint:
+ return True
+
+ if state == 'present':
+ if endpoint is None:
+ return True
+ return _needs_update(module, endpoint)
+
+ return False
+
+
+def main():
+ argument_spec = openstack_full_argument_spec( # noqa: F405
+ enabled=dict(default=True, type='bool'),
+ name=dict(required=True),
+ service_type=dict(required=True),
+ state=dict(default='present', choices=['absent', 'present']),
+ region=dict(default=None, required=False),
+ interface=dict(default=None,
+ choices=['admin', 'internal', 'public']),
+ url=dict(default=None, required=False),
+ )
+
+ module_kwargs = openstack_module_kwargs() # noqa: F405
+ module = AnsibleModule(argument_spec, # noqa: F405
+ supports_check_mode=True,
+ **module_kwargs)
+
+ if not HAS_SHADE:
+ module.fail_json(msg='shade is required for this module')
+ if StrictVersion(shade.__version__) < StrictVersion('1.6.0'):
+ module.fail_json(msg="To utilize this module, the installed version of"
+ "the shade library MUST be >=1.6.0")
+
+ enabled = module.params['enabled'] # noqa: F841
+ name = module.params['name']
+ service_type = module.params['service_type']
+ state = module.params['state']
+ region = module.params['region']
+ interface = module.params['interface']
+ url = module.params['url']
+
+ try:
+ cloud = shade.operator_cloud(**module.params)
+
+ services = cloud.search_services(name_or_id=name,
+ filters=dict(type=service_type))
+
+ if len(services) > 1:
+ module.fail_json(msg='Service name %s and type %s are not unique' %
+ (name, service_type))
+ elif len(services) == 0:
+ module.fail_json(msg="No services with name %s" % name)
+ else:
+ service = services[0]
+
+ endpoints = [x for x in cloud.list_endpoints()
+ if (x.service_id == service.id and
+ x.interface == interface)]
+
+ count = len(endpoints)
+ if count > 1:
+ module.fail_json(msg='%d endpoints with service name %s' %
+ (count, name))
+ elif count == 0:
+ endpoint = None
+ else:
+ endpoint = endpoints[0]
+
+ if module.check_mode:
+ module.exit_json(changed=_system_state_change(module, endpoint))
+
+ if state == 'present':
+ if endpoint is None:
+ endpoint = cloud.create_endpoint(
+ service_name_or_id=service.id, enabled=enabled,
+ region=region, interface=interface, url=url)
+ changed = True
+ else:
+ if _needs_update(module, endpoint):
+ endpoint = cloud.update_endpoint(
+ endpoint_id=endpoint.id, enabled=enabled,
+ service_name_or_id=service.id, region=region,
+ interface=interface, url=url)
+ changed = True
+ else:
+ changed = False
+ module.exit_json(changed=changed, endpoint=endpoint)
+
+ elif state == 'absent':
+ if endpoint is None:
+ changed = False
+ else:
+ cloud.delete_endpoint(endpoint.id)
+ changed = True
+ module.exit_json(changed=changed)
+
+ except shade.OpenStackCloudException as e:
+ module.fail_json(msg=str(e))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+ main()
diff --git a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/ext-network/tasks/main.yml b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/ext-network/tasks/main.yml
index d212dd99..b73bb0a9 100644
--- a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/ext-network/tasks/main.yml
+++ b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/ext-network/tasks/main.yml
@@ -22,25 +22,43 @@
wait_for: port=9696 delay=10 timeout=60 host={{ internal_ip }}
- name: create external net
- shell:
- . /opt/admin-openrc.sh;
- neutron net-create \
- {{ public_net_info.network }} \
- --provider:network_type {{ public_net_info.type }} \
- --provider:physical_network {{ public_net_info.provider_network }} \
- --router:external "True"
+ os_network:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ name: "{{ public_net_info.network }}"
+ provider_network_type: "{{ public_net_info.type }}"
+ provider_physical_network: "{{ public_net_info.provider_network }}"
+ shared: false
+ external: "yes"
+ state: present
+ run_once: true
when: public_net_info.enable == "True"
- and inventory_hostname == groups['controller'][0]
+ and public_net_info.type == "flat"
+
+- name: create external net
+ os_network:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ name: "{{ public_net_info.network }}"
+ provider_network_type: "{{ public_net_info.type }}"
+ provider_physical_network: "{{ public_net_info.provider_network }}"
+ provider_segmentation_id: "{{ public_net_info.segment_id }}"
+ shared: false
+ external: "yes"
+ state: present
+ run_once: true
+ when: public_net_info.enable == "True"
+ and public_net_info.type != "flat"
- name: create external subnet
- shell:
- . /opt/admin-openrc.sh;
- neutron subnet-create \
- --name {{ public_net_info.subnet }} \
- --gateway {{ public_net_info.external_gw }} \
- --disable-dhcp \
- --allocation-pool \
- start={{ public_net_info.floating_ip_start }},end={{ public_net_info.floating_ip_end }} \
- {{ public_net_info.network }} {{ public_net_info.floating_ip_cidr }}
+ os_subnet:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ name: "{{ public_net_info.subnet }}"
+ network_name: "{{ public_net_info.network }}"
+ cidr: "{{ public_net_info.floating_ip_cidr }}"
+ enable_dhcp: "{{ public_net_info.enable_dhcp }}"
+ no_gateway_ip: "{{ public_net_info.no_gateway }}"
+ gateway_ip: "{{ public_net_info.external_gw }}"
+ allocation_pool_start: "{{ public_net_info.floating_ip_start }}"
+ allocation_pool_end: "{{ public_net_info.floating_ip_end }}"
+ state: present
+ run_once: true
when: public_net_info.enable == "True"
- and inventory_hostname == groups['controller'][0]
diff --git a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/heat/tasks/heat_install.yml b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/heat/tasks/heat_install.yml
index fd0f6eaa..2803a3e6 100644
--- a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/heat/tasks/heat_install.yml
+++ b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/heat/tasks/heat_install.yml
@@ -17,16 +17,34 @@
lineinfile: dest=/opt/service create=yes line='{{ item }}'
with_items: "{{ services | union(services_noarch) }}"
-- name: create heat user domain
- shell: |
- . /opt/admin-openrc.sh;
- openstack domain create --description "Stack projects and users" heat;
- openstack user create --domain heat --password {{ HEAT_PASS }} \
- heat_domain_admin;
- openstack role add --domain heat --user-domain heat \
- --user heat_domain_admin admin;
- openstack role create heat_stack_owner;
- openstack role add --project demo --user demo heat_stack_owner;
+- name: create heat domain
+ os_keystone_domain:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ name: heat
+ state: present
+ description: "Stack projects and users"
+ when: inventory_hostname == groups['controller'][0]
+
+- name: create heat user
+ os_user:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ domain: heat
+ name: heat_domain_user
+ password: "{{ HEAT_PASS }}"
+ when: inventory_hostname == groups['controller'][0]
+
+- name: create heat role
+ os_keystone_role:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ name: heat_stack_owner
+ when: inventory_hostname == groups['controller'][0]
+
+- name: grant heat role
+ os_user_role:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ user: demo
+ project: demo
+ role: heat_stack_owner
when: inventory_hostname == groups['controller'][0]
- name: update heat conf
diff --git a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/tasks/keystone_create.yml b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/tasks/keystone_create.yml
index 2f5aefeb..10228952 100644
--- a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/tasks/keystone_create.yml
+++ b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/tasks/keystone_create.yml
@@ -7,122 +7,114 @@
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
##############################################################################
---
-- name: set keystone endpoint
- shell:
- . /opt/admin-openrc.sh;
- openstack endpoint set \
- --interface public \
- --url {{ item.publicurl }} \
- $(openstack endpoint list | grep keystone | grep public \
- | awk '{print $2}');
- openstack endpoint set \
- --interface internal \
- --url {{ item.internalurl }} \
- $(openstack endpoint list | grep keystone | grep internal \
- | awk '{print $2}');
- openstack endpoint set \
- --interface admin \
- --url {{ item.adminurl }} \
- $(openstack endpoint list | grep keystone | grep admin \
- | awk '{print $2}');
+- name: set admin url for keystone endpoint
+ keystone_endpoint:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ endpoint_type: admin
+ name: "{{ item.name }}"
+ service_type: "{{ item.type }}"
+ state: present
+ interface: admin
+ region: "{{ item.region}}"
+ url: "{{ item.adminurl }}"
+ with_items: "{{ os_services[0:1] }}"
+
+- name: set internal url for keystone endpointl
+ keystone_endpoint:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ endpoint_type: admin
+ name: "{{ item.name }}"
+ service_type: "{{ item.type }}"
+ state: present
+ interface: internal
+ region: "{{ item.region}}"
+ url: "{{ item.internalurl }}"
+ with_items: "{{ os_services[0:1] }}"
+
+- name: set public url for keystone endpoint
+ keystone_endpoint:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ endpoint_type: admin
+ name: "{{ item.name }}"
+ service_type: "{{ item.type }}"
+ state: present
+ interface: public
+ region: "{{ item.region}}"
+ url: "{{ item.publicurl }}"
with_items: "{{ os_services[0:1] }}"
- register: result
- until: result.rc == 0
- retries: 10
- delay: 5
- name: add service
- shell:
- . /opt/admin-openrc.sh;
- openstack service create \
- --name "{{ item.name }}"
- --description "{{ item.description }}" \
- {{ item.type }}
- with_items: "{{ os_services[1:] }}"
- register: result
- until: result.rc == 0
- retries: 10
- delay: 5
+ os_keystone_service:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ name: "{{ item.name }}"
+ description: "{{ item.description }}"
+ service_type: "{{ item.type }}"
+ with_items: "{{ os_services }}"
- name: add project
- shell:
- . /opt/admin-openrc.sh;
- openstack project create --description "Service Project" service;
- openstack project create --domain default --description "Demo Project" demo;
- register: result
- until: result.rc == 0
- retries: 10
- delay: 5
-
-- name: set admin user
- shell:
- . /opt/admin-openrc.sh;
- openstack user set \
- --email "{{ item.email }}" \
- --project "{{ item.tenant }}" \
- --description "{{ item.tenant_description }}" \
- --password "{{ item.password }}" \
- {{ item.user }}
+ os_project:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ domain_id: default
+ name: "{{ item.tenant }}"
+ description: "{{ item.tenant_description }}"
with_items: "{{ os_users }}"
- when: item["user"] == "admin"
- register: result
- until: result.rc == 0
- retries: 10
- delay: 5
- name: add user
- shell:
- . /opt/admin-openrc.sh;
- openstack user create \
- --email "{{ item.email }}" \
- --project "{{ item.tenant }}" \
- --description "{{ item.tenant_description }}" \
- --password "{{ item.password }}" \
- {{ item.user }}
- with_items: "{{ os_users[1:] }}"
- register: result
- until: result.rc == 0
- retries: 10
- delay: 5
+ os_user:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ domain: default
+ name: "{{ item.user }}"
+ password: "{{ item.password }}"
+ default_project: "{{ item.tenant }}"
+ email: "{{ item.email }}"
+ with_items: "{{ os_users }}"
- name: add roles
- shell:
- . /opt/admin-openrc.sh;
- openstack role create {{ item.role }}
+ os_keystone_role:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ name: "{{ item.role }}"
with_items: "{{ os_users }}"
- when: item["user"] == "demo"
- register: result
- until: result.rc == 0
- retries: 10
- delay: 5
- name: grant roles
- shell:
- . /opt/admin-openrc.sh;
- openstack role add \
- --project "{{ item.tenant }}" \
- --user "{{ item.user }}" \
- {{ item.role }}
+ os_user_role:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ user: "{{ item.user }}"
+ role: "{{ item.role }}"
+ project: "{{ item.tenant }}"
with_items: "{{ os_users }}"
- register: result
- until: result.rc == 0
- retries: 10
- delay: 5
-- name: add endpoints
- shell:
- . /opt/admin-openrc.sh;
- openstack endpoint create \
- --region {{ item.region }} \
- {{ item.name }} public {{ item.publicurl }};
- openstack endpoint create \
- --region {{ item.region }} \
- {{ item.name }} internal {{ item.internalurl }};
- openstack endpoint create \
- --region {{ item.region }} \
- {{ item.name }} admin {{ item.adminurl }};
+- name: create admin url for service's endpoint
+ keystone_endpoint:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ endpoint_type: admin
+ name: "{{ item.name }}"
+ service_type: "{{ item.type }}"
+ state: present
+ interface: admin
+ region: "{{ item.region}}"
+ url: "{{ item.adminurl }}"
+ with_items: "{{ os_services[1:] }}"
+
+- name: create internal url for service's endpoint
+ keystone_endpoint:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ endpoint_type: admin
+ name: "{{ item.name }}"
+ service_type: "{{ item.type }}"
+ state: present
+ interface: internal
+ region: "{{ item.region}}"
+ url: "{{ item.internalurl }}"
+ with_items: "{{ os_services[1:] }}"
+
+- name: create public url for service'e endpoint
+ keystone_endpoint:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ endpoint_type: admin
+ name: "{{ item.name }}"
+ service_type: "{{ item.type }}"
+ state: present
+ interface: public
+ region: "{{ item.region}}"
+ url: "{{ item.publicurl }}"
with_items: "{{ os_services[1:] }}"
- register: result
- until: result.rc == 0
- retries: 10
- delay: 5
diff --git a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/tasks/keystone_install.yml b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/tasks/keystone_install.yml
index 0d3161ed..a390ffca 100644
--- a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/tasks/keystone_install.yml
+++ b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/tasks/keystone_install.yml
@@ -88,11 +88,23 @@
notify:
- restart keystone services
+- name: install shade
+ pip: name=shade state=present
+
+- name: create path for os-client-config
+ file:
+ path: /etc/openstack
+ state: directory
+ mode: 0755
+
+- name: copy os-client-config
+ template:
+ src: clouds.yml.j2
+ dest: /etc/openstack/clouds.yml
+
- name: keystone source files
template: src={{ item }} dest=/opt/{{ item }}
with_items:
- admin-openrc.sh
- admin-openrc-v2.sh
- demo-openrc.sh
-
-- meta: flush_handlers
diff --git a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/tasks/main.yml b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/tasks/main.yml
index ad619d40..29b6cd61 100644
--- a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/tasks/main.yml
+++ b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/tasks/main.yml
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@
- keystone_config
- keystone
+- meta: flush_handlers
+
- include: keystone_create.yml
when: inventory_hostname == groups['controller'][0]
tags:
- config
- keystone_create
- keystone
-
-- meta: flush_handlers
diff --git a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/templates/clouds.yml.j2 b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/templates/clouds.yml.j2
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b387f7b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/templates/clouds.yml.j2
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+clouds:
+ opnfv:
+ auth:
+ username: 'admin'
+ password: {{ ADMIN_PASS }}
+ project_name: 'admin'
+ auth_url: 'http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:35357/v3'
+ project_domain_name: default
+ user_domain_name: default
+ identity_api_version: 3
+ region_name: RegionOne
diff --git a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/vars/main.yml b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/vars/main.yml
index 65ae4090..2e5f57ca 100644
--- a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/vars/main.yml
+++ b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/keystone/vars/main.yml
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ os_services:
type: compute
region: RegionOne
description: "OpenStack Compute"
- publicurl: "http://{{ public_vip.ip }}:8774/v2.1/%\\(tenant_id\\)s"
- internalurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8774/v2.1/%\\(tenant_id\\)s"
- adminurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8774/v2.1/%\\(tenant_id\\)s"
+ publicurl: "http://{{ public_vip.ip }}:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s"
+ internalurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s"
+ adminurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s"
- name: neutron
type: network
@@ -64,25 +64,25 @@ os_services:
type: volume
region: RegionOne
description: "OpenStack Block Storage"
- publicurl: "http://{{ public_vip.ip }}:8776/v1/%\\(tenant_id\\)s"
- internalurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8776/v1/%\\(tenant_id\\)s"
- adminurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8776/v1/%\\(tenant_id\\)s"
+ publicurl: "http://{{ public_vip.ip }}:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s"
+ internalurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s"
+ adminurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s"
- name: cinderv2
type: volumev2
region: RegionOne
description: "OpenStack Block Storage v2"
- publicurl: "http://{{ public_vip.ip }}:8776/v2/%\\(tenant_id\\)s"
- internalurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8776/v2/%\\(tenant_id\\)s"
- adminurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8776/v2/%\\(tenant_id\\)s"
+ publicurl: "http://{{ public_vip.ip }}:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s"
+ internalurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s"
+ adminurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s"
- name: heat
type: orchestration
region: RegionOne
description: "OpenStack Orchestration"
- publicurl: "http://{{ public_vip.ip }}:8004/v1/%\\(tenant_id\\)s"
- internalurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8004/v1/%\\(tenant_id\\)s"
- adminurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8004/v1/%\\(tenant_id\\)s"
+ publicurl: "http://{{ public_vip.ip }}:8004/v1/%(tenant_id)s"
+ internalurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8004/v1/%(tenant_id)s"
+ adminurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8004/v1/%(tenant_id)s"
- name: heat-cfn
type: cloudformation
@@ -104,9 +104,9 @@ os_services:
# type: object-store
# region: RegionOne
# description: "OpenStack Object Storage"
-# publicurl: "http://{{ public_vip.ip }}:8080/v1/AUTH_%\\(tenant_id\\)s"
-# internalurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8080/v1/AUTH_%\\(tenant_id\\)s"
-# adminurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8080/v1/AUTH_%\\(tenant_id\\)s"
+# publicurl: "http://{{ public_vip.ip }}:8080/v1/AUTH_%(tenant_id)s"
+# internalurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8080/v1/AUTH_%(tenant_id)s"
+# adminurl: "http://{{ internal_vip.ip }}:8080/v1/AUTH_%(tenant_id)s"
os_users:
- user: admin
diff --git a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/nova-controller/tasks/nova_config.yml b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/nova-controller/tasks/nova_config.yml
index f3c4687d..6be41aa4 100644
--- a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/nova-controller/tasks/nova_config.yml
+++ b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/nova-controller/tasks/nova_config.yml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
- restart nova service
- name: nova db sync
- nova_manage: action=dbsync
+ shell: su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova
notify:
- restart nova service
diff --git a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/openstack-post/tasks/main.yml b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/openstack-post/tasks/main.yml
index 84b1260a..882f4884 100644
--- a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/openstack-post/tasks/main.yml
+++ b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/openstack-post/tasks/main.yml
@@ -7,20 +7,14 @@
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
##############################################################################
---
-
- name: create openstack flavors
- shell: |
- . /opt/admin-openrc.sh;
- openstack flavor show m1.nano || openstack flavor create \
- --id 0 --vcpus 1 --ram 64 --disk 1 m1.nano
- openstack flavor show m1.tiny || openstack flavor create \
- --id 1 --vcpus 1 --ram 512 --disk 1 m1.tiny
- openstack flavor show m1.small || openstack flavor create \
- --id 2 --vcpus 1 --ram 2048 --disk 20 m1.small
- openstack flavor show m1.medium || openstack flavor create \
- --id 3 --vcpus 2 --ram 4096 --disk 40 m1.medium
- openstack flavor show m1.large || openstack flavor create \
- --id 4 --vcpus 4 --ram 8192 --disk 80 m1.large
- openstack flavor show m1.xlarge || openstack flavor create \
- --id 5 --vcpus 8 --ram 16384 --disk 160 m1.xlarge
+ os_nova_flavor:
+ cloud: opnfv
+ state: present
+ flavorid: "{{ item.id }}"
+ name: "{{ item.name }}"
+ vcpus: "{{ item.vcpus }}"
+ ram: "{{ item.ram }}"
+ disk: "{{ item.disk }}"
+ with_items: "{{ flavors }}"
when: inventory_hostname == groups['controller'][0]
diff --git a/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/openstack-post/vars/main.yml b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/openstack-post/vars/main.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d9c36d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/adapters/ansible/roles/openstack-post/vars/main.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+##############################################################################
+# Copyright (c) 2017 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD and others.
+#
+# All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
+# are made available under the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+##############################################################################
+---
+flavors:
+ - id: 0
+ name: m1.nano
+ vcpus: 1
+ ram: 64
+ disk: 1
+
+ - id: 1
+ name: m1.tiny
+ vcpus: 1
+ ram: 512
+ disk: 1
+
+ - id: 2
+ name: m1.small
+ vcpus: 1
+ ram: 2048
+ disk: 20
+
+ - id: 3
+ name: m1.medium
+ vcpus: 2
+ ram: 4096
+ disk: 40
+
+ - id: 4
+ name: m1.large
+ vcpus: 4
+ ram: 8192
+ disk: 80
+
+ - id: 5
+ name: m1.xlarge
+ vcpus: 8
+ ram: 16384
+ disk: 160
2 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047 2048 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056 2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065 2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074 2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083 2084 2085 2086 2087 2088 2089 2090 2091 2092 2093 2094 2095 2096 2097 2098 2099 2100 2101 2102 2103 2104 2105 2106 2107 2108 2109 2110 2111 2112 2113 2114 2115 2116 2117 2118 2119 2120 2121 2122 2123 2124 2125 2126 2127 2128 2129 2130 2131 2132 2133 2134 2135 2136 2137 2138 2139 2140 2141 2142 2143 2144 2145 2146 2147 2148 2149 2150 2151 2152 2153 2154 2155 2156 2157 2158 2159 2160 2161 2162 2163 2164 2165 2166 2167 2168 2169 2170 2171 2172 2173 2174 2175 2176 2177 2178 2179 2180 2181 2182 2183 2184 2185 2186 2187 2188 2189 2190 2191 2192 2193 2194 2195 2196 2197 2198 2199 2200 2201 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2207 2208 2209 2210 2211 2212 2213 2214 2215 2216 2217 2218 2219 2220 2221 2222 2223 2224 2225 2226 2227 2228 2229 2230 2231 2232 2233 2234 2235 2236 2237 2238 2239 2240 2241 2242 2243 2244 2245 2246 2247 2248 2249 2250 2251 2252 2253 2254 2255 2256 2257 2258 2259 2260 2261 2262 2263 2264 2265 2266 2267 2268 2269 2270 2271 2272 2273 2274 2275 2276 2277 2278 2279 2280 2281 2282 2283 2284 2285 2286 2287 2288 2289 2290 2291 2292 2293 2294 2295 2296 2297 2298 2299 2300 2301 2302 2303 2304 2305 2306 2307 2308 2309 2310 2311 2312 2313 2314 2315 2316 2317 2318 2319 2320 2321 2322 2323 2324 2325 2326 2327 2328 2329 2330 2331 2332 2333 2334 2335 2336 2337 2338 2339 2340 2341 2342 2343 2344 2345 2346 2347 2348 2349 2350 2351 2352 2353 2354 2355 2356 2357 2358 2359 2360 2361 2362 2363 2364 2365 2366 2367 2368 2369 2370 2371 2372 2373 2374 2375 2376 2377 2378 2379 2380 2381 2382 2383 2384 2385 2386 2387 2388 2389 2390 2391 2392 2393 2394 2395 2396 2397 2398 2399 2400 2401 2402 2403 2404 2405 2406 2407 2408 2409 2410 2411 2412 2413 2414 2415 2416 2417 2418 2419 2420 2421 2422 2423 2424 2425 2426 2427 2428 2429 2430 2431 2432 2433 2434 2435 2436 2437 2438 2439 2440 2441 2442 2443 2444 2445 2446 2447 2448 2449 2450 2451 2452 2453 2454 2455 2456 2457 2458 2459 2460 2461 2462 2463 2464 2465 2466 2467 2468 2469 2470 2471 2472 2473 2474 2475 2476 2477 2478 2479 2480 2481 2482 2483 2484 2485 2486 2487 2488 2489 2490 2491 2492 2493 2494 2495 2496 2497
/*
 * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
 *
 * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
 * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
 */

#include "qemu/osdep.h"
#include "qapi/error.h"
#include "qemu-io.h"
#include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
#include "block/block.h"
#include "block/block_int.h" /* for info_f() */
#include "block/qapi.h"
#include "qemu/error-report.h"
#include "qemu/main-loop.h"
#include "qemu/timer.h"
#include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
#include "qemu/cutils.h"

#define CMD_NOFILE_OK   0x01

bool qemuio_misalign;

static cmdinfo_t *cmdtab;
static int ncmds;

static int compare_cmdname(const void *a, const void *b)
{
    return strcmp(((const cmdinfo_t *)a)->name,
                  ((const cmdinfo_t *)b)->name);
}

void qemuio_add_command(const cmdinfo_t *ci)
{
    cmdtab = g_renew(cmdinfo_t, cmdtab, ++ncmds);
    cmdtab[ncmds - 1] = *ci;
    qsort(cmdtab, ncmds, sizeof(*cmdtab), compare_cmdname);
}

int qemuio_command_usage(const cmdinfo_t *ci)
{
    printf("%s %s -- %s\n", ci->name, ci->args, ci->oneline);
    return 0;
}

static int init_check_command(BlockBackend *blk, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
{
    if (ct->flags & CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL) {
        return 1;
    }
    if (!(ct->flags & CMD_NOFILE_OK) && !blk) {
        fprintf(stderr, "no file open, try 'help open'\n");
        return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

static int command(BlockBackend *blk, const cmdinfo_t *ct, int argc,
                   char **argv)
{
    char *cmd = argv[0];

    if (!init_check_command(blk, ct)) {
        return 0;
    }

    if (argc - 1 < ct->argmin || (ct->argmax != -1 && argc - 1 > ct->argmax)) {
        if (ct->argmax == -1) {
            fprintf(stderr,
                    "bad argument count %d to %s, expected at least %d arguments\n",
                    argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin);
        } else if (ct->argmin == ct->argmax) {
            fprintf(stderr,
                    "bad argument count %d to %s, expected %d arguments\n",
                    argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin);
        } else {
            fprintf(stderr,
                    "bad argument count %d to %s, expected between %d and %d arguments\n",
                    argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin, ct->argmax);
        }
        return 0;
    }
    optind = 0;
    return ct->cfunc(blk, argc, argv);
}

static const cmdinfo_t *find_command(const char *cmd)
{
    cmdinfo_t *ct;

    for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
        if (strcmp(ct->name, cmd) == 0 ||
            (ct->altname && strcmp(ct->altname, cmd) == 0))
        {
            return (const cmdinfo_t *)ct;
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

/* Invoke fn() for commands with a matching prefix */
void qemuio_complete_command(const char *input,
                             void (*fn)(const char *cmd, void *opaque),
                             void *opaque)
{
    cmdinfo_t *ct;
    size_t input_len = strlen(input);

    for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
        if (strncmp(input, ct->name, input_len) == 0) {
            fn(ct->name, opaque);
        }
    }
}

static char **breakline(char *input, int *count)
{
    int c = 0;
    char *p;
    char **rval = g_new0(char *, 1);

    while (rval && (p = qemu_strsep(&input, " ")) != NULL) {
        if (!*p) {
            continue;
        }
        c++;
        rval = g_renew(char *, rval, (c + 1));
        rval[c - 1] = p;
        rval[c] = NULL;
    }
    *count = c;
    return rval;
}

static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
{
    char *end;
    int64_t ret;

    ret = qemu_strtosz_suffix(s, &end, QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
    if (*end != '\0') {
        /* Detritus at the end of the string */
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    return ret;
}

static void print_cvtnum_err(int64_t rc, const char *arg)
{
    switch (rc) {
    case -EINVAL:
        printf("Parsing error: non-numeric argument,"
               " or extraneous/unrecognized suffix -- %s\n", arg);
        break;
    case -ERANGE:
        printf("Parsing error: argument too large -- %s\n", arg);
        break;
    default:
        printf("Parsing error: %s\n", arg);
    }
}

#define EXABYTES(x)     ((long long)(x) << 60)
#define PETABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 50)
#define TERABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 40)
#define GIGABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 30)
#define MEGABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 20)
#define KILOBYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 10)

#define TO_EXABYTES(x)  ((x) / EXABYTES(1))
#define TO_PETABYTES(x) ((x) / PETABYTES(1))
#define TO_TERABYTES(x) ((x) / TERABYTES(1))
#define TO_GIGABYTES(x) ((x) / GIGABYTES(1))
#define TO_MEGABYTES(x) ((x) / MEGABYTES(1))
#define TO_KILOBYTES(x) ((x) / KILOBYTES(1))

static void cvtstr(double value, char *str, size_t size)
{
    char *trim;
    const char *suffix;

    if (value >= EXABYTES(1)) {
        suffix = " EiB";
        snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_EXABYTES(value));
    } else if (value >= PETABYTES(1)) {
        suffix = " PiB";
        snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_PETABYTES(value));
    } else if (value >= TERABYTES(1)) {
        suffix = " TiB";
        snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_TERABYTES(value));
    } else if (value >= GIGABYTES(1)) {
        suffix = " GiB";
        snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_GIGABYTES(value));
    } else if (value >= MEGABYTES(1)) {
        suffix = " MiB";
        snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_MEGABYTES(value));
    } else if (value >= KILOBYTES(1)) {
        suffix = " KiB";
        snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_KILOBYTES(value));
    } else {
        suffix = " bytes";
        snprintf(str, size - 6, "%f", value);
    }

    trim = strstr(str, ".000");
    if (trim) {
        strcpy(trim, suffix);
    } else {
        strcat(str, suffix);
    }
}



static struct timeval tsub(struct timeval t1, struct timeval t2)
{
    t1.tv_usec -= t2.tv_usec;
    if (t1.tv_usec < 0) {
        t1.tv_usec += 1000000;
        t1.tv_sec--;
    }
    t1.tv_sec -= t2.tv_sec;
    return t1;
}

static double tdiv(double value, struct timeval tv)
{
    return value / ((double)tv.tv_sec + ((double)tv.tv_usec / 1000000.0));
}

#define HOURS(sec)      ((sec) / (60 * 60))
#define MINUTES(sec)    (((sec) % (60 * 60)) / 60)
#define SECONDS(sec)    ((sec) % 60)

enum {
    DEFAULT_TIME        = 0x0,
    TERSE_FIXED_TIME    = 0x1,
    VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME  = 0x2,
};

static void timestr(struct timeval *tv, char *ts, size_t size, int format)
{
    double usec = (double)tv->tv_usec / 1000000.0;

    if (format & TERSE_FIXED_TIME) {
        if (!HOURS(tv->tv_sec)) {
            snprintf(ts, size, "%u:%02u.%02u",
                    (unsigned int) MINUTES(tv->tv_sec),
                    (unsigned int) SECONDS(tv->tv_sec),
                    (unsigned int) (usec * 100));
            return;
        }
        format |= VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME; /* fallback if hours needed */
    }

    if ((format & VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME) || tv->tv_sec) {
        snprintf(ts, size, "%u:%02u:%02u.%02u",
                (unsigned int) HOURS(tv->tv_sec),
                (unsigned int) MINUTES(tv->tv_sec),
                (unsigned int) SECONDS(tv->tv_sec),
                (unsigned int) (usec * 100));
    } else {
        snprintf(ts, size, "0.%04u sec", (unsigned int) (usec * 10000));
    }
}

/*
 * Parse the pattern argument to various sub-commands.
 *
 * Because the pattern is used as an argument to memset it must evaluate
 * to an unsigned integer that fits into a single byte.
 */
static int parse_pattern(const char *arg)
{
    char *endptr = NULL;
    long pattern;

    pattern = strtol(arg, &endptr, 0);
    if (pattern < 0 || pattern > UCHAR_MAX || *endptr != '\0') {
        printf("%s is not a valid pattern byte\n", arg);
        return -1;
    }

    return pattern;
}

/*
 * Memory allocation helpers.
 *
 * Make sure memory is aligned by default, or purposefully misaligned if
 * that is specified on the command line.
 */

#define MISALIGN_OFFSET     16
static void *qemu_io_alloc(BlockBackend *blk, size_t len, int pattern)
{
    void *buf;

    if (qemuio_misalign) {
        len += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
    }
    buf = blk_blockalign(blk, len);
    memset(buf, pattern, len);
    if (qemuio_misalign) {
        buf += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
    }
    return buf;
}

static void qemu_io_free(void *p)
{
    if (qemuio_misalign) {
        p -= MISALIGN_OFFSET;
    }
    qemu_vfree(p);
}

static void dump_buffer(const void *buffer, int64_t offset, int64_t len)
{
    uint64_t i;
    int j;
    const uint8_t *p;

    for (i = 0, p = buffer; i < len; i += 16) {
        const uint8_t *s = p;

        printf("%08" PRIx64 ":  ", offset + i);
        for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, p++) {
            printf("%02x ", *p);
        }
        printf(" ");
        for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, s++) {
            if (isalnum(*s)) {
                printf("%c", *s);
            } else {
                printf(".");
            }
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}

static void print_report(const char *op, struct timeval *t, int64_t offset,
                         int64_t count, int64_t total, int cnt, int Cflag)
{
    char s1[64], s2[64], ts[64];

    timestr(t, ts, sizeof(ts), Cflag ? VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME : 0);
    if (!Cflag) {
        cvtstr((double)total, s1, sizeof(s1));
        cvtstr(tdiv((double)total, *t), s2, sizeof(s2));
        printf("%s %"PRId64"/%"PRId64" bytes at offset %" PRId64 "\n",
               op, total, count, offset);
        printf("%s, %d ops; %s (%s/sec and %.4f ops/sec)\n",
               s1, cnt, ts, s2, tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
    } else {/* bytes,ops,time,bytes/sec,ops/sec */
        printf("%"PRId64",%d,%s,%.3f,%.3f\n",
            total, cnt, ts,
            tdiv((double)total, *t),
            tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
    }
}

/*
 * Parse multiple length statements for vectored I/O, and construct an I/O
 * vector matching it.
 */
static void *
create_iovec(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov, char **argv, int nr_iov,
             int pattern)
{
    size_t *sizes = g_new0(size_t, nr_iov);
    size_t count = 0;
    void *buf = NULL;
    void *p;
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
        char *arg = argv[i];
        int64_t len;

        len = cvtnum(arg);
        if (len < 0) {
            print_cvtnum_err(len, arg);
            goto fail;
        }

        /* should be SIZE_T_MAX, but that doesn't exist */
        if (len > INT_MAX) {
            printf("Argument '%s' exceeds maximum size %d\n", arg, INT_MAX);
            goto fail;
        }

        if (len & 0x1ff) {
            printf("length argument %" PRId64
                   " is not sector aligned\n", len);
            goto fail;
        }

        sizes[i] = len;
        count += len;
    }

    qemu_iovec_init(qiov, nr_iov);

    buf = p = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, pattern);

    for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
        qemu_iovec_add(qiov, p, sizes[i]);
        p += sizes[i];
    }

fail:
    g_free(sizes);
    return buf;
}

static int do_read(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset, int64_t count,
                   int64_t *total)
{
    int ret;

    if (count >> 9 > INT_MAX) {
        return -ERANGE;
    }

    ret = blk_read(blk, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);
    if (ret < 0) {
        return ret;
    }
    *total = count;
    return 1;
}

static int do_write(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset, int64_t count,
                    int64_t *total)
{
    int ret;

    if (count >> 9 > INT_MAX) {
        return -ERANGE;
    }

    ret = blk_write(blk, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);
    if (ret < 0) {
        return ret;
    }
    *total = count;
    return 1;
}

static int do_pread(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
                    int64_t count, int64_t *total)
{
    if (count > INT_MAX) {
        return -ERANGE;
    }

    *total = blk_pread(blk, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count);
    if (*total < 0) {
        return *total;
    }
    return 1;
}

static int do_pwrite(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
                     int64_t count, int64_t *total)
{
    if (count > INT_MAX) {
        return -ERANGE;
    }

    *total = blk_pwrite(blk, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count);
    if (*total < 0) {
        return *total;
    }
    return 1;
}

typedef struct {
    BlockBackend *blk;
    int64_t offset;
    int64_t count;
    int64_t *total;
    int ret;
    bool done;
} CoWriteZeroes;

static void coroutine_fn co_write_zeroes_entry(void *opaque)
{
    CoWriteZeroes *data = opaque;

    data->ret = blk_co_write_zeroes(data->blk, data->offset / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
                                    data->count / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, 0);
    data->done = true;
    if (data->ret < 0) {
        *data->total = data->ret;
        return;
    }

    *data->total = data->count;
}

static int do_co_write_zeroes(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset, int64_t count,
                              int64_t *total)
{
    Coroutine *co;
    CoWriteZeroes data = {
        .blk    = blk,
        .offset = offset,
        .count  = count,
        .total  = total,
        .done   = false,
    };

    if (count >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS > INT_MAX) {
        return -ERANGE;
    }

    co = qemu_coroutine_create(co_write_zeroes_entry);
    qemu_coroutine_enter(co, &data);
    while (!data.done) {
        aio_poll(blk_get_aio_context(blk), true);
    }
    if (data.ret < 0) {
        return data.ret;
    } else {
        return 1;
    }
}

static int do_write_compressed(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
                               int64_t count, int64_t *total)
{
    int ret;

    if (count >> 9 > INT_MAX) {
        return -ERANGE;
    }

    ret = blk_write_compressed(blk, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);
    if (ret < 0) {
        return ret;
    }
    *total = count;
    return 1;
}

static int do_load_vmstate(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
                           int64_t count, int64_t *total)
{
    if (count > INT_MAX) {
        return -ERANGE;
    }

    *total = blk_load_vmstate(blk, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
    if (*total < 0) {
        return *total;
    }
    return 1;
}

static int do_save_vmstate(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
                           int64_t count, int64_t *total)
{
    if (count > INT_MAX) {
        return -ERANGE;
    }

    *total = blk_save_vmstate(blk, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
    if (*total < 0) {
        return *total;
    }
    return 1;
}

#define NOT_DONE 0x7fffffff
static void aio_rw_done(void *opaque, int ret)
{
    *(int *)opaque = ret;
}

static int do_aio_readv(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
                        int64_t offset, int *total)
{
    int async_ret = NOT_DONE;

    blk_aio_readv(blk, offset >> 9, qiov, qiov->size >> 9,
                  aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
    while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
        main_loop_wait(false);
    }

    *total = qiov->size;
    return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
}

static int do_aio_writev(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
                         int64_t offset, int *total)
{
    int async_ret = NOT_DONE;

    blk_aio_writev(blk, offset >> 9, qiov, qiov->size >> 9,
                   aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
    while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
        main_loop_wait(false);
    }

    *total = qiov->size;
    return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
}

struct multiwrite_async_ret {
    int num_done;
    int error;
};

static void multiwrite_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
{
    struct multiwrite_async_ret *async_ret = opaque;

    async_ret->num_done++;
    if (ret < 0) {
        async_ret->error = ret;
    }
}

static int do_aio_multiwrite(BlockBackend *blk, BlockRequest* reqs,
                             int num_reqs, int *total)
{
    int i, ret;
    struct multiwrite_async_ret async_ret = {
        .num_done = 0,
        .error = 0,
    };

    *total = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < num_reqs; i++) {
        reqs[i].cb = multiwrite_cb;
        reqs[i].opaque = &async_ret;
        *total += reqs[i].qiov->size;
    }

    ret = blk_aio_multiwrite(blk, reqs, num_reqs);
    if (ret < 0) {
        return ret;
    }

    while (async_ret.num_done < num_reqs) {
        main_loop_wait(false);
    }

    return async_ret.error < 0 ? async_ret.error : 1;
}

static void read_help(void)
{
    printf(
"\n"
" reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
"\n"
" Example:\n"
" 'read -v 512 1k' - dumps 1 kilobyte read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
"\n"
" Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
" standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
" -b, -- read from the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
" -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
" -l, -- length for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
" -p, -- use blk_pread to read the file\n"
" -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
" -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
" -s, -- start offset for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
" -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
"\n");
}

static int read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);

static const cmdinfo_t read_cmd = {
    .name       = "read",
    .altname    = "r",
    .cfunc      = read_f,
    .argmin     = 2,
    .argmax     = -1,
    .args       = "[-abCpqv] [-P pattern [-s off] [-l len]] off len",
    .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
    .help       = read_help,
};

static int read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    struct timeval t1, t2;
    int Cflag = 0, pflag = 0, qflag = 0, vflag = 0;
    int Pflag = 0, sflag = 0, lflag = 0, bflag = 0;
    int c, cnt;
    char *buf;
    int64_t offset;
    int64_t count;
    /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
    int64_t total = 0;
    int pattern = 0;
    int64_t pattern_offset = 0, pattern_count = 0;

    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bCl:pP:qs:v")) != -1) {
        switch (c) {
        case 'b':
            bflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'C':
            Cflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'l':
            lflag = 1;
            pattern_count = cvtnum(optarg);
            if (pattern_count < 0) {
                print_cvtnum_err(pattern_count, optarg);
                return 0;
            }
            break;
        case 'p':
            pflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'P':
            Pflag = 1;
            pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
            if (pattern < 0) {
                return 0;
            }
            break;
        case 'q':
            qflag = 1;
            break;
        case 's':
            sflag = 1;
            pattern_offset = cvtnum(optarg);
            if (pattern_offset < 0) {
                print_cvtnum_err(pattern_offset, optarg);
                return 0;
            }
            break;
        case 'v':
            vflag = 1;
            break;
        default:
            return qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
        }
    }

    if (optind != argc - 2) {
        return qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
    }

    if (bflag && pflag) {
        printf("-b and -p cannot be specified at the same time\n");
        return 0;
    }

    offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
    if (offset < 0) {
        print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
        return 0;
    }

    optind++;
    count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
    if (count < 0) {
        print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
        return 0;
    } else if (count > SIZE_MAX) {
        printf("length cannot exceed %" PRIu64 ", given %s\n",
               (uint64_t) SIZE_MAX, argv[optind]);
        return 0;
    }

    if (!Pflag && (lflag || sflag)) {
        return qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
    }

    if (!lflag) {
        pattern_count = count - pattern_offset;
    }

    if ((pattern_count < 0) || (pattern_count + pattern_offset > count))  {
        printf("pattern verification range exceeds end of read data\n");
        return 0;
    }

    if (!pflag) {
        if (offset & 0x1ff) {
            printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
                   offset);
            return 0;
        }
        if (count & 0x1ff) {
            printf("count %"PRId64" is not sector aligned\n",
                   count);
            return 0;
        }
    }

    buf = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, 0xab);

    gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
    if (pflag) {
        cnt = do_pread(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
    } else if (bflag) {
        cnt = do_load_vmstate(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
    } else {
        cnt = do_read(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
    }
    gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);

    if (cnt < 0) {
        printf("read failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
        goto out;
    }

    if (Pflag) {
        void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(pattern_count);
        memset(cmp_buf, pattern, pattern_count);
        if (memcmp(buf + pattern_offset, cmp_buf, pattern_count)) {
            printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
                   PRId64 ", %"PRId64" bytes\n",
                   offset + pattern_offset, pattern_count);
        }
        g_free(cmp_buf);
    }

    if (qflag) {
        goto out;
    }

    if (vflag) {
        dump_buffer(buf, offset, count);
    }

    /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
    t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
    print_report("read", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);

out:
    qemu_io_free(buf);

    return 0;
}

static void readv_help(void)
{
    printf(
"\n"
" reads a range of bytes from the given offset into multiple buffers\n"
"\n"
" Example:\n"
" 'readv -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
"\n"
" Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
" standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
" Uses multiple iovec buffers if more than one byte range is specified.\n"
" -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
" -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
" -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
" -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
"\n");
}

static int readv_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);

static const cmdinfo_t readv_cmd = {
    .name       = "readv",
    .cfunc      = readv_f,
    .argmin     = 2,
    .argmax     = -1,
    .args       = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
    .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
    .help       = readv_help,
};

static int readv_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    struct timeval t1, t2;
    int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0, vflag = 0;
    int c, cnt;
    char *buf;
    int64_t offset;
    /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
    int total = 0;
    int nr_iov;
    QEMUIOVector qiov;
    int pattern = 0;
    int Pflag = 0;

    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != -1) {
        switch (c) {
        case 'C':
            Cflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'P':
            Pflag = 1;
            pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
            if (pattern < 0) {
                return 0;
            }
            break;
        case 'q':
            qflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'v':
            vflag = 1;
            break;
        default:
            return qemuio_command_usage(&readv_cmd);
        }
    }

    if (optind > argc - 2) {
        return qemuio_command_usage(&readv_cmd);
    }


    offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
    if (offset < 0) {
        print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
        return 0;
    }
    optind++;

    if (offset & 0x1ff) {
        printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
               offset);
        return 0;
    }

    nr_iov = argc - optind;
    buf = create_iovec(blk, &qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
    if (buf == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
    cnt = do_aio_readv(blk, &qiov, offset, &total);
    gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);

    if (cnt < 0) {
        printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
        goto out;
    }

    if (Pflag) {
        void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(qiov.size);
        memset(cmp_buf, pattern, qiov.size);
        if (memcmp(buf, cmp_buf, qiov.size)) {
            printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
                   PRId64 ", %zd bytes\n", offset, qiov.size);
        }
        g_free(cmp_buf);
    }

    if (qflag) {
        goto out;
    }

    if (vflag) {
        dump_buffer(buf, offset, qiov.size);
    }

    /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
    t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
    print_report("read", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);

out:
    qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
    qemu_io_free(buf);
    return 0;
}

static void write_help(void)
{
    printf(
"\n"
" writes a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
"\n"
" Example:\n"
" 'write 512 1k' - writes 1 kilobyte at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
"\n"
" Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
" filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
" -b, -- write to the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
" -c, -- write compressed data with blk_write_compressed\n"
" -p, -- use blk_pwrite to write the file\n"
" -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
" -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
" -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
" -z, -- write zeroes using blk_co_write_zeroes\n"
"\n");
}

static int write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);

static const cmdinfo_t write_cmd = {
    .name       = "write",
    .altname    = "w",
    .cfunc      = write_f,
    .argmin     = 2,
    .argmax     = -1,
    .args       = "[-bcCpqz] [-P pattern ] off len",
    .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
    .help       = write_help,
};

static int write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    struct timeval t1, t2;
    int Cflag = 0, pflag = 0, qflag = 0, bflag = 0, Pflag = 0, zflag = 0;
    int cflag = 0;
    int c, cnt;
    char *buf = NULL;
    int64_t offset;
    int64_t count;
    /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
    int64_t total = 0;
    int pattern = 0xcd;

    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bcCpP:qz")) != -1) {
        switch (c) {
        case 'b':
            bflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'c':
            cflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'C':
            Cflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'p':
            pflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'P':
            Pflag = 1;
            pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
            if (pattern < 0) {
                return 0;
            }
            break;
        case 'q':
            qflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'z':
            zflag = 1;
            break;
        default:
            return qemuio_command_usage(&write_cmd);
        }
    }

    if (optind != argc - 2) {
        return qemuio_command_usage(&write_cmd);
    }

    if (bflag + pflag + zflag > 1) {
        printf("-b, -p, or -z cannot be specified at the same time\n");
        return 0;
    }

    if (zflag && Pflag) {
        printf("-z and -P cannot be specified at the same time\n");
        return 0;
    }

    offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
    if (offset < 0) {
        print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
        return 0;
    }

    optind++;
    count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
    if (count < 0) {
        print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
        return 0;
    } else if (count > SIZE_MAX) {
        printf("length cannot exceed %" PRIu64 ", given %s\n",
               (uint64_t) SIZE_MAX, argv[optind]);
        return 0;
    }

    if (!pflag) {
        if (offset & 0x1ff) {
            printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
                   offset);
            return 0;
        }

        if (count & 0x1ff) {
            printf("count %"PRId64" is not sector aligned\n",
                   count);
            return 0;
        }
    }

    if (!zflag) {
        buf = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, pattern);
    }

    gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
    if (pflag) {
        cnt = do_pwrite(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
    } else if (bflag) {
        cnt = do_save_vmstate(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
    } else if (zflag) {
        cnt = do_co_write_zeroes(blk, offset, count, &total);
    } else if (cflag) {
        cnt = do_write_compressed(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
    } else {
        cnt = do_write(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
    }
    gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);

    if (cnt < 0) {
        printf("write failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
        goto out;
    }

    if (qflag) {
        goto out;
    }

    /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
    t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
    print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);

out:
    if (!zflag) {
        qemu_io_free(buf);
    }

    return 0;
}

static void
writev_help(void)
{
    printf(
"\n"
" writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers\n"
"\n"
" Example:\n"
" 'writev 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
"\n"
" Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
" filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
" -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
" -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
" -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
"\n");
}

static int writev_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);

static const cmdinfo_t writev_cmd = {
    .name       = "writev",
    .cfunc      = writev_f,
    .argmin     = 2,
    .argmax     = -1,
    .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
    .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
    .help       = writev_help,
};

static int writev_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    struct timeval t1, t2;
    int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;
    int c, cnt;
    char *buf;
    int64_t offset;
    /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
    int total = 0;
    int nr_iov;
    int pattern = 0xcd;
    QEMUIOVector qiov;

    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != -1) {
        switch (c) {
        case 'C':
            Cflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'q':
            qflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'P':
            pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
            if (pattern < 0) {
                return 0;
            }
            break;
        default:
            return qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
        }
    }

    if (optind > argc - 2) {
        return qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
    }

    offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
    if (offset < 0) {
        print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
        return 0;
    }
    optind++;

    if (offset & 0x1ff) {
        printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
               offset);
        return 0;
    }

    nr_iov = argc - optind;
    buf = create_iovec(blk, &qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
    if (buf == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
    cnt = do_aio_writev(blk, &qiov, offset, &total);
    gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);

    if (cnt < 0) {
        printf("writev failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
        goto out;
    }

    if (qflag) {
        goto out;
    }

    /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
    t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
    print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
out:
    qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
    qemu_io_free(buf);
    return 0;
}

static void multiwrite_help(void)
{
    printf(
"\n"
" writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers,\n"
" in a batch of requests that may be merged by qemu\n"
"\n"
" Example:\n"
" 'multiwrite 512 1k 1k ; 4k 1k'\n"
"  writes 2 kB at 512 bytes and 1 kB at 4 kB into the open file\n"
"\n"
" Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
" filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd). The pattern byte is increased\n"
" by one for each request contained in the multiwrite command.\n"
" -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
" -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
" -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
"\n");
}

static int multiwrite_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);

static const cmdinfo_t multiwrite_cmd = {
    .name       = "multiwrite",
    .cfunc      = multiwrite_f,
    .argmin     = 2,
    .argmax     = -1,
    .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..] [; off len [len..]..]",
    .oneline    = "issues multiple write requests at once",
    .help       = multiwrite_help,
};

static int multiwrite_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    struct timeval t1, t2;
    int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;
    int c, cnt;
    char **buf;
    int64_t offset, first_offset = 0;
    /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
    int total = 0;
    int nr_iov;
    int nr_reqs;
    int pattern = 0xcd;
    QEMUIOVector *qiovs;
    int i;
    BlockRequest *reqs;

    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != -1) {
        switch (c) {
        case 'C':
            Cflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'q':
            qflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'P':
            pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
            if (pattern < 0) {
                return 0;
            }
            break;
        default:
            return qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
        }
    }

    if (optind > argc - 2) {
        return qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
    }

    nr_reqs = 1;
    for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], ";")) {
            nr_reqs++;
        }
    }

    reqs = g_new0(BlockRequest, nr_reqs);
    buf = g_new0(char *, nr_reqs);
    qiovs = g_new(QEMUIOVector, nr_reqs);

    for (i = 0; i < nr_reqs && optind < argc; i++) {
        int j;

        /* Read the offset of the request */
        offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
        if (offset < 0) {
            print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
            goto out;
        }
        optind++;

        if (offset & 0x1ff) {
            printf("offset %lld is not sector aligned\n",
                   (long long)offset);
            goto out;
        }

        if (i == 0) {
            first_offset = offset;
        }

        /* Read lengths for qiov entries */
        for (j = optind; j < argc; j++) {
            if (!strcmp(argv[j], ";")) {
                break;
            }
        }

        nr_iov = j - optind;

        /* Build request */
        buf[i] = create_iovec(blk, &qiovs[i], &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
        if (buf[i] == NULL) {
            goto out;
        }

        reqs[i].qiov = &qiovs[i];
        reqs[i].sector = offset >> 9;
        reqs[i].nb_sectors = reqs[i].qiov->size >> 9;

        optind = j + 1;

        pattern++;
    }

    /* If there were empty requests at the end, ignore them */
    nr_reqs = i;

    gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
    cnt = do_aio_multiwrite(blk, reqs, nr_reqs, &total);
    gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);

    if (cnt < 0) {
        printf("aio_multiwrite failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
        goto out;
    }

    if (qflag) {
        goto out;
    }

    /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
    t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
    print_report("wrote", &t2, first_offset, total, total, cnt, Cflag);
out:
    for (i = 0; i < nr_reqs; i++) {
        qemu_io_free(buf[i]);
        if (reqs[i].qiov != NULL) {
            qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiovs[i]);
        }
    }
    g_free(buf);
    g_free(reqs);
    g_free(qiovs);
    return 0;
}

struct aio_ctx {
    BlockBackend *blk;
    QEMUIOVector qiov;
    int64_t offset;
    char *buf;
    int qflag;
    int vflag;
    int Cflag;
    int Pflag;
    int zflag;
    BlockAcctCookie acct;
    int pattern;
    struct timeval t1;
};

static void aio_write_done(void *opaque, int ret)
{
    struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
    struct timeval t2;

    gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);


    if (ret < 0) {
        printf("aio_write failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
        block_acct_failed(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
        goto out;
    }

    block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);

    if (ctx->qflag) {
        goto out;
    }

    /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
    t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
    print_report("wrote", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
                 ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
out:
    if (!ctx->zflag) {
        qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
        qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);
    }
    g_free(ctx);
}

static void aio_read_done(void *opaque, int ret)
{
    struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
    struct timeval t2;

    gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);

    if (ret < 0) {
        printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
        block_acct_failed(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
        goto out;
    }

    if (ctx->Pflag) {
        void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(ctx->qiov.size);

        memset(cmp_buf, ctx->pattern, ctx->qiov.size);
        if (memcmp(ctx->buf, cmp_buf, ctx->qiov.size)) {
            printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
                   PRId64 ", %zd bytes\n", ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
        }
        g_free(cmp_buf);
    }

    block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);

    if (ctx->qflag) {
        goto out;
    }

    if (ctx->vflag) {
        dump_buffer(ctx->buf, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
    }

    /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
    t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
    print_report("read", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
                 ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
out:
    qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
    qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);
    g_free(ctx);
}

static void aio_read_help(void)
{
    printf(
"\n"
" asynchronously reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
"\n"
" Example:\n"
" 'aio_read -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
"\n"
" Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
" standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
" The read is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
" used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
" -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
" -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
" -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
" -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
"\n");
}

static int aio_read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);

static const cmdinfo_t aio_read_cmd = {
    .name       = "aio_read",
    .cfunc      = aio_read_f,
    .argmin     = 2,
    .argmax     = -1,
    .args       = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
    .oneline    = "asynchronously reads a number of bytes",
    .help       = aio_read_help,
};

static int aio_read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    int nr_iov, c;
    struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);

    ctx->blk = blk;
    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != -1) {
        switch (c) {
        case 'C':
            ctx->Cflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'P':
            ctx->Pflag = 1;
            ctx->pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
            if (ctx->pattern < 0) {
                g_free(ctx);
                return 0;
            }
            break;
        case 'q':
            ctx->qflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'v':
            ctx->vflag = 1;
            break;
        default:
            g_free(ctx);
            return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
        }
    }

    if (optind > argc - 2) {
        g_free(ctx);
        return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
    }

    ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
    if (ctx->offset < 0) {
        print_cvtnum_err(ctx->offset, argv[optind]);
        g_free(ctx);
        return 0;
    }
    optind++;

    if (ctx->offset & 0x1ff) {
        printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
               ctx->offset);
        block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
        g_free(ctx);
        return 0;
    }

    nr_iov = argc - optind;
    ctx->buf = create_iovec(blk, &ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
    if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
        block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
        g_free(ctx);
        return 0;
    }

    gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);
    block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &ctx->acct, ctx->qiov.size,
                     BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
    blk_aio_readv(blk, ctx->offset >> 9, &ctx->qiov,
                  ctx->qiov.size >> 9, aio_read_done, ctx);
    return 0;
}

static void aio_write_help(void)
{
    printf(
"\n"
" asynchronously writes a range of bytes from the given offset source\n"
" from multiple buffers\n"
"\n"
" Example:\n"
" 'aio_write 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
"\n"
" Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
" filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
" The write is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
" used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
" -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
" -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
" -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
" -z, -- write zeroes using blk_aio_write_zeroes\n"
"\n");
}

static int aio_write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);

static const cmdinfo_t aio_write_cmd = {
    .name       = "aio_write",
    .cfunc      = aio_write_f,
    .argmin     = 2,
    .argmax     = -1,
    .args       = "[-Cqz] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
    .oneline    = "asynchronously writes a number of bytes",
    .help       = aio_write_help,
};

static int aio_write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    int nr_iov, c;
    int pattern = 0xcd;
    struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);

    ctx->blk = blk;
    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:z")) != -1) {
        switch (c) {
        case 'C':
            ctx->Cflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'q':
            ctx->qflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'P':
            pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
            if (pattern < 0) {
                g_free(ctx);
                return 0;
            }
            break;
        case 'z':
            ctx->zflag = 1;
            break;
        default:
            g_free(ctx);
            return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
        }
    }

    if (optind > argc - 2) {
        g_free(ctx);
        return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
    }

    if (ctx->zflag && optind != argc - 2) {
        printf("-z supports only a single length parameter\n");
        g_free(ctx);
        return 0;
    }

    if (ctx->zflag && ctx->Pflag) {
        printf("-z and -P cannot be specified at the same time\n");
        g_free(ctx);
        return 0;
    }

    ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
    if (ctx->offset < 0) {
        print_cvtnum_err(ctx->offset, argv[optind]);
        g_free(ctx);
        return 0;
    }
    optind++;

    if (ctx->offset & 0x1ff) {
        printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
               ctx->offset);
        block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
        g_free(ctx);
        return 0;
    }

    if (ctx->zflag) {
        int64_t count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
        if (count < 0) {
            print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
            return 0;
        }

        ctx->qiov.size = count;
        blk_aio_write_zeroes(blk, ctx->offset >> 9, count >> 9, 0,
                             aio_write_done, ctx);
    } else {
        nr_iov = argc - optind;
        ctx->buf = create_iovec(blk, &ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov,
                                pattern);
        if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
            block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
            g_free(ctx);
            return 0;
        }

        gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);
        block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &ctx->acct, ctx->qiov.size,
                         BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);

        blk_aio_writev(blk, ctx->offset >> 9, &ctx->qiov,
                       ctx->qiov.size >> 9, aio_write_done, ctx);
    }
    return 0;
}

static int aio_flush_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    BlockAcctCookie cookie;
    block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &cookie, 0, BLOCK_ACCT_FLUSH);
    blk_drain_all();
    block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(blk), &cookie);
    return 0;
}

static const cmdinfo_t aio_flush_cmd = {
    .name       = "aio_flush",
    .cfunc      = aio_flush_f,
    .oneline    = "completes all outstanding aio requests"
};

static int flush_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    blk_flush(blk);
    return 0;
}

static const cmdinfo_t flush_cmd = {
    .name       = "flush",
    .altname    = "f",
    .cfunc      = flush_f,
    .oneline    = "flush all in-core file state to disk",
};

static int truncate_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    int64_t offset;
    int ret;

    offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
    if (offset < 0) {
        print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[1]);
        return 0;
    }

    ret = blk_truncate(blk, offset);
    if (ret < 0) {
        printf("truncate: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
        return 0;
    }

    return 0;
}

static const cmdinfo_t truncate_cmd = {
    .name       = "truncate",
    .altname    = "t",
    .cfunc      = truncate_f,
    .argmin     = 1,
    .argmax     = 1,
    .args       = "off",
    .oneline    = "truncates the current file at the given offset",
};

static int length_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    int64_t size;
    char s1[64];

    size = blk_getlength(blk);
    if (size < 0) {
        printf("getlength: %s\n", strerror(-size));
        return 0;
    }

    cvtstr(size, s1, sizeof(s1));
    printf("%s\n", s1);
    return 0;
}


static const cmdinfo_t length_cmd = {
    .name   = "length",
    .altname    = "l",
    .cfunc      = length_f,
    .oneline    = "gets the length of the current file",
};


static int info_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
    BlockDriverInfo bdi;
    ImageInfoSpecific *spec_info;
    char s1[64], s2[64];
    int ret;

    if (bs->drv && bs->drv->format_name) {
        printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->format_name);
    }
    if (bs->drv && bs->drv->protocol_name) {
        printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->protocol_name);
    }

    ret = bdrv_get_info(bs, &bdi);
    if (ret) {
        return 0;
    }

    cvtstr(bdi.cluster_size, s1, sizeof(s1));
    cvtstr(bdi.vm_state_offset, s2, sizeof(s2));

    printf("cluster size: %s\n", s1);
    printf("vm state offset: %s\n", s2);

    spec_info = bdrv_get_specific_info(bs);
    if (spec_info) {
        printf("Format specific information:\n");
        bdrv_image_info_specific_dump(fprintf, stdout, spec_info);
        qapi_free_ImageInfoSpecific(spec_info);
    }

    return 0;
}



static const cmdinfo_t info_cmd = {
    .name       = "info",
    .altname    = "i",
    .cfunc      = info_f,
    .oneline    = "prints information about the current file",
};

static void discard_help(void)
{
    printf(
"\n"
" discards a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
"\n"
" Example:\n"
" 'discard 512 1k' - discards 1 kilobyte from 512 bytes into the file\n"
"\n"
" Discards a segment of the currently open file.\n"
" -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
" -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
"\n");
}

static int discard_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);

static const cmdinfo_t discard_cmd = {
    .name       = "discard",
    .altname    = "d",
    .cfunc      = discard_f,
    .argmin     = 2,
    .argmax     = -1,
    .args       = "[-Cq] off len",
    .oneline    = "discards a number of bytes at a specified offset",
    .help       = discard_help,
};

static int discard_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    struct timeval t1, t2;
    int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;
    int c, ret;
    int64_t offset, count;

    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != -1) {
        switch (c) {
        case 'C':
            Cflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'q':
            qflag = 1;
            break;
        default:
            return qemuio_command_usage(&discard_cmd);
        }
    }

    if (optind != argc - 2) {
        return qemuio_command_usage(&discard_cmd);
    }

    offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
    if (offset < 0) {
        print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
        return 0;
    }

    optind++;
    count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
    if (count < 0) {
        print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
        return 0;
    } else if (count >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS > INT_MAX) {
        printf("length cannot exceed %"PRIu64", given %s\n",
               (uint64_t)INT_MAX << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
               argv[optind]);
        return 0;
    }

    gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
    ret = blk_discard(blk, offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
                      count >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
    gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);

    if (ret < 0) {
        printf("discard failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
        goto out;
    }

    /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
    if (!qflag) {
        t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
        print_report("discard", &t2, offset, count, count, 1, Cflag);
    }

out:
    return 0;
}

static int alloc_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
    int64_t offset, sector_num, nb_sectors, remaining;
    char s1[64];
    int num, ret;
    int64_t sum_alloc;

    offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
    if (offset < 0) {
        print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[1]);
        return 0;
    } else if (offset & 0x1ff) {
        printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
               offset);
        return 0;
    }

    if (argc == 3) {
        nb_sectors = cvtnum(argv[2]);
        if (nb_sectors < 0) {
            print_cvtnum_err(nb_sectors, argv[2]);
            return 0;
        } else if (nb_sectors > INT_MAX) {
            printf("length argument cannot exceed %d, given %s\n",
                   INT_MAX, argv[2]);
            return 0;
        }
    } else {
        nb_sectors = 1;
    }

    remaining = nb_sectors;
    sum_alloc = 0;
    sector_num = offset >> 9;
    while (remaining) {
        ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, remaining, &num);
        if (ret < 0) {
            printf("is_allocated failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
            return 0;
        }
        sector_num += num;
        remaining -= num;
        if (ret) {
            sum_alloc += num;
        }
        if (num == 0) {
            nb_sectors -= remaining;
            remaining = 0;
        }
    }

    cvtstr(offset, s1, sizeof(s1));

    printf("%"PRId64"/%"PRId64" sectors allocated at offset %s\n",
           sum_alloc, nb_sectors, s1);
    return 0;
}

static const cmdinfo_t alloc_cmd = {
    .name       = "alloc",
    .altname    = "a",
    .argmin     = 1,
    .argmax     = 2,
    .cfunc      = alloc_f,
    .args       = "off [sectors]",
    .oneline    = "checks if a sector is present in the file",
};


static int map_is_allocated(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
                            int64_t nb_sectors, int64_t *pnum)
{
    int num, num_checked;
    int ret, firstret;

    num_checked = MIN(nb_sectors, INT_MAX);
    ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, num_checked, &num);
    if (ret < 0) {
        return ret;
    }

    firstret = ret;
    *pnum = num;

    while (nb_sectors > 0 && ret == firstret) {
        sector_num += num;
        nb_sectors -= num;

        num_checked = MIN(nb_sectors, INT_MAX);
        ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, num_checked, &num);
        if (ret == firstret && num) {
            *pnum += num;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }

    return firstret;
}

static int map_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    int64_t offset;
    int64_t nb_sectors, total_sectors;
    char s1[64];
    int64_t num;
    int ret;
    const char *retstr;

    offset = 0;
    total_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk);
    if (total_sectors < 0) {
        error_report("Failed to query image length: %s",
                     strerror(-total_sectors));
        return 0;
    }

    nb_sectors = total_sectors;

    do {
        ret = map_is_allocated(blk_bs(blk), offset, nb_sectors, &num);
        if (ret < 0) {
            error_report("Failed to get allocation status: %s", strerror(-ret));
            return 0;
        } else if (!num) {
            error_report("Unexpected end of image");
            return 0;
        }

        retstr = ret ? "    allocated" : "not allocated";
        cvtstr(offset << 9ULL, s1, sizeof(s1));
        printf("[% 24" PRId64 "] % 8" PRId64 "/% 8" PRId64 " sectors %s "
               "at offset %s (%d)\n",
               offset << 9ULL, num, nb_sectors, retstr, s1, ret);

        offset += num;
        nb_sectors -= num;
    } while (offset < total_sectors);

    return 0;
}

static const cmdinfo_t map_cmd = {
       .name           = "map",
       .argmin         = 0,
       .argmax         = 0,
       .cfunc          = map_f,
       .args           = "",
       .oneline        = "prints the allocated areas of a file",
};

static void reopen_help(void)
{
    printf(
"\n"
" Changes the open options of an already opened image\n"
"\n"
" Example:\n"
" 'reopen -o lazy-refcounts=on' - activates lazy refcount writeback on a qcow2 image\n"
"\n"
" -r, -- Reopen the image read-only\n"
" -c, -- Change the cache mode to the given value\n"
" -o, -- Changes block driver options (cf. 'open' command)\n"
"\n");
}

static int reopen_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);

static QemuOptsList reopen_opts = {
    .name = "reopen",
    .merge_lists = true,
    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(reopen_opts.head),
    .desc = {
        /* no elements => accept any params */
        { /* end of list */ }
    },
};

static const cmdinfo_t reopen_cmd = {
       .name           = "reopen",
       .argmin         = 0,
       .argmax         = -1,
       .cfunc          = reopen_f,
       .args           = "[-r] [-c cache] [-o options]",
       .oneline        = "reopens an image with new options",
       .help           = reopen_help,
};

static int reopen_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
    QemuOpts *qopts;
    QDict *opts;
    int c;
    int flags = bs->open_flags;
    bool writethrough = !blk_enable_write_cache(blk);

    BlockReopenQueue *brq;
    Error *local_err = NULL;

    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "c:o:r")) != -1) {
        switch (c) {
        case 'c':
            if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) {
                error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg);
                return 0;
            }
            break;
        case 'o':
            if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&reopen_opts, optarg, 0)) {
                qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
                return 0;
            }
            break;
        case 'r':
            flags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR;
            break;
        default:
            qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
            return qemuio_command_usage(&reopen_cmd);
        }
    }

    if (optind != argc) {
        qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
        return qemuio_command_usage(&reopen_cmd);
    }

    if (writethrough != blk_enable_write_cache(blk) &&
        blk_get_attached_dev(blk))
    {
        error_report("Cannot change cache.writeback: Device attached");
        qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
        return 0;
    }

    qopts = qemu_opts_find(&reopen_opts, NULL);
    opts = qopts ? qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL) : NULL;
    qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);

    brq = bdrv_reopen_queue(NULL, bs, opts, flags);
    bdrv_reopen_multiple(brq, &local_err);
    if (local_err) {
        error_report_err(local_err);
    } else {
        blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
    }

    return 0;
}

static int break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    int ret;

    ret = bdrv_debug_breakpoint(blk_bs(blk), argv[1], argv[2]);
    if (ret < 0) {
        printf("Could not set breakpoint: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
    }

    return 0;
}

static int remove_break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    int ret;

    ret = bdrv_debug_remove_breakpoint(blk_bs(blk), argv[1]);
    if (ret < 0) {
        printf("Could not remove breakpoint %s: %s\n", argv[1], strerror(-ret));
    }

    return 0;
}

static const cmdinfo_t break_cmd = {
       .name           = "break",
       .argmin         = 2,
       .argmax         = 2,
       .cfunc          = break_f,
       .args           = "event tag",
       .oneline        = "sets a breakpoint on event and tags the stopped "
                         "request as tag",
};

static const cmdinfo_t remove_break_cmd = {
       .name           = "remove_break",
       .argmin         = 1,
       .argmax         = 1,
       .cfunc          = remove_break_f,
       .args           = "tag",
       .oneline        = "remove a breakpoint by tag",
};

static int resume_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    int ret;

    ret = bdrv_debug_resume(blk_bs(blk), argv[1]);
    if (ret < 0) {
        printf("Could not resume request: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
    }

    return 0;
}

static const cmdinfo_t resume_cmd = {
       .name           = "resume",
       .argmin         = 1,
       .argmax         = 1,
       .cfunc          = resume_f,
       .args           = "tag",
       .oneline        = "resumes the request tagged as tag",
};

static int wait_break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    while (!bdrv_debug_is_suspended(blk_bs(blk), argv[1])) {
        aio_poll(blk_get_aio_context(blk), true);
    }

    return 0;
}

static const cmdinfo_t wait_break_cmd = {
       .name           = "wait_break",
       .argmin         = 1,
       .argmax         = 1,
       .cfunc          = wait_break_f,
       .args           = "tag",
       .oneline        = "waits for the suspension of a request",
};

static int abort_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    abort();
}

static const cmdinfo_t abort_cmd = {
       .name           = "abort",
       .cfunc          = abort_f,
       .flags          = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
       .oneline        = "simulate a program crash using abort(3)",
};

static void sigraise_help(void)
{
    printf(
"\n"
" raises the given signal\n"
"\n"
" Example:\n"
" 'sigraise %i' - raises SIGTERM\n"
"\n"
" Invokes raise(signal), where \"signal\" is the mandatory integer argument\n"
" given to sigraise.\n"
"\n", SIGTERM);
}

static int sigraise_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);

static const cmdinfo_t sigraise_cmd = {
    .name       = "sigraise",
    .cfunc      = sigraise_f,
    .argmin     = 1,
    .argmax     = 1,
    .flags      = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
    .args       = "signal",
    .oneline    = "raises a signal",
    .help       = sigraise_help,
};

static int sigraise_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    int64_t sig = cvtnum(argv[1]);
    if (sig < 0) {
        print_cvtnum_err(sig, argv[1]);
        return 0;
    } else if (sig > NSIG) {
        printf("signal argument '%s' is too large to be a valid signal\n",
               argv[1]);
        return 0;
    }

    /* Using raise() to kill this process does not necessarily flush all open
     * streams. At least stdout and stderr (although the latter should be
     * non-buffered anyway) should be flushed, though. */
    fflush(stdout);
    fflush(stderr);

    raise(sig);
    return 0;
}

static void sleep_cb(void *opaque)
{
    bool *expired = opaque;
    *expired = true;
}

static int sleep_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    char *endptr;
    long ms;
    struct QEMUTimer *timer;
    bool expired = false;

    ms = strtol(argv[1], &endptr, 0);
    if (ms < 0 || *endptr != '\0') {
        printf("%s is not a valid number\n", argv[1]);
        return 0;
    }

    timer = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST, sleep_cb, &expired);
    timer_mod(timer, qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST) + SCALE_MS * ms);

    while (!expired) {
        main_loop_wait(false);
    }

    timer_free(timer);

    return 0;
}

static const cmdinfo_t sleep_cmd = {
       .name           = "sleep",
       .argmin         = 1,
       .argmax         = 1,
       .cfunc          = sleep_f,
       .flags          = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
       .oneline        = "waits for the given value in milliseconds",
};

static void help_oneline(const char *cmd, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
{
    if (cmd) {
        printf("%s ", cmd);
    } else {
        printf("%s ", ct->name);
        if (ct->altname) {
            printf("(or %s) ", ct->altname);
        }
    }

    if (ct->args) {
        printf("%s ", ct->args);
    }
    printf("-- %s\n", ct->oneline);
}

static void help_onecmd(const char *cmd, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
{
    help_oneline(cmd, ct);
    if (ct->help) {
        ct->help();
    }
}

static void help_all(void)
{
    const cmdinfo_t *ct;

    for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
        help_oneline(ct->name, ct);
    }
    printf("\nUse 'help commandname' for extended help.\n");
}

static int help_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
{
    const cmdinfo_t *ct;

    if (argc == 1) {
        help_all();
        return 0;
    }

    ct = find_command(argv[1]);
    if (ct == NULL) {
        printf("command %s not found\n", argv[1]);
        return 0;
    }

    help_onecmd(argv[1], ct);
    return 0;
}

static const cmdinfo_t help_cmd = {
    .name       = "help",
    .altname    = "?",
    .cfunc      = help_f,
    .argmin     = 0,
    .argmax     = 1,
    .flags      = CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL,
    .args       = "[command]",
    .oneline    = "help for one or all commands",
};

bool qemuio_command(BlockBackend *blk, const char *cmd)
{
    char *input;
    const cmdinfo_t *ct;
    char **v;
    int c;
    bool done = false;

    input = g_strdup(cmd);
    v = breakline(input, &c);
    if (c) {
        ct = find_command(v[0]);
        if (ct) {
            done = command(blk, ct, c, v);
        } else {
            fprintf(stderr, "command \"%s\" not found\n", v[0]);
        }
    }
    g_free(input);
    g_free(v);

    return done;
}

static void __attribute((constructor)) init_qemuio_commands(void)
{
    /* initialize commands */
    qemuio_add_command(&help_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&read_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&readv_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&write_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&writev_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&multiwrite_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&aio_read_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&aio_write_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&aio_flush_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&flush_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&truncate_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&length_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&info_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&discard_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&alloc_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&map_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&reopen_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&break_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&remove_break_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&resume_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&wait_break_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&abort_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&sleep_cmd);
    qemuio_add_command(&sigraise_cmd);
}