1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
|
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>pcretest specification</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#00005A">
<H1>pcretest specification</H1>
This HTML document has been generated automatically from the original man page.
If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the man page in case the
conversion went wrong.
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC1" HREF="#SEC1">NAME</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC2" HREF="#SEC2">SYNOPSIS</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC3" HREF="#SEC3">OPTIONS</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC4" HREF="#SEC4">DESCRIPTION</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC5" HREF="#SEC5">PATTERN MODIFIERS</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC6" HREF="#SEC6">DATA LINES</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC7" HREF="#SEC7">OUTPUT FROM PCRETEST</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC8" HREF="#SEC8">AUTHOR</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="SEC1" HREF="#TOC1">NAME</A>
<P>
pcretest - a program for testing Perl-compatible regular expressions.
</P>
<LI><A NAME="SEC2" HREF="#TOC1">SYNOPSIS</A>
<P>
<B>pcretest [-d] [-i] [-m] [-o osize] [-p] [-t] [source] [destination]</B>
</P>
<P>
<B>pcretest</B> was written as a test program for the PCRE regular expression
library itself, but it can also be used for experimenting with regular
expressions. This man page describes the features of the test program; for
details of the regular expressions themselves, see the <B>pcre</B> man page.
</P>
<LI><A NAME="SEC3" HREF="#TOC1">OPTIONS</A>
<P>
<B>-d</B>
Behave as if each regex had the <B>/D</B> modifier (see below); the internal
form is output after compilation.
</P>
<P>
<B>-i</B>
Behave as if each regex had the <B>/I</B> modifier; information about the
compiled pattern is given after compilation.
</P>
<P>
<B>-m</B>
Output the size of each compiled pattern after it has been compiled. This is
equivalent to adding /M to each regular expression. For compatibility with
earlier versions of pcretest, <B>-s</B> is a synonym for <B>-m</B>.
</P>
<P>
<B>-o</B> <I>osize</I>
Set the number of elements in the output vector that is used when calling PCRE
to be <I>osize</I>. The default value is 45, which is enough for 14 capturing
subexpressions. The vector size can be changed for individual matching calls by
including \O in the data line (see below).
</P>
<P>
<B>-p</B>
Behave as if each regex has <B>/P</B> modifier; the POSIX wrapper API is used
to call PCRE. None of the other options has any effect when <B>-p</B> is set.
</P>
<P>
<B>-t</B>
Run each compile, study, and match 20000 times with a timer, and output
resulting time per compile or match (in milliseconds). Do not set <B>-t</B> with
<B>-m</B>, because you will then get the size output 20000 times and the timing
will be distorted.
</P>
<LI><A NAME="SEC4" HREF="#TOC1">DESCRIPTION</A>
<P>
If <B>pcretest</B> is given two filename arguments, it reads from the first and
writes to the second. If it is given only one filename argument, it reads from
that file and writes to stdout. Otherwise, it reads from stdin and writes to
stdout, and prompts for each line of input, using "re>" to prompt for regular
expressions, and "data>" to prompt for data lines.
</P>
<P>
The program handles any number of sets of input on a single input file. Each
set starts with a regular expression, and continues with any number of data
lines to be matched against the pattern. An empty line signals the end of the
data lines, at which point a new regular expression is read. The regular
expressions are given enclosed in any non-alphameric delimiters other than
backslash, for example
</P>
<P>
<PRE>
/(a|bc)x+yz/
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
White space before the initial delimiter is ignored. A regular expression may
be continued over several input lines, in which case the newline characters are
included within it. It is possible to include the delimiter within the pattern
by escaping it, for example
</P>
<P>
<PRE>
/abc\/def/
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
If you do so, the escape and the delimiter form part of the pattern, but since
delimiters are always non-alphameric, this does not affect its interpretation.
If the terminating delimiter is immediately followed by a backslash, for
example,
</P>
<P>
<PRE>
/abc/\
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
then a backslash is added to the end of the pattern. This is done to provide a
way of testing the error condition that arises if a pattern finishes with a
backslash, because
</P>
<P>
<PRE>
/abc\/
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
is interpreted as the first line of a pattern that starts with "abc/", causing
pcretest to read the next line as a continuation of the regular expression.
</P>
<LI><A NAME="SEC5" HREF="#TOC1">PATTERN MODIFIERS</A>
<P>
The pattern may be followed by <B>i</B>, <B>m</B>, <B>s</B>, or <B>x</B> to set the
PCRE_CASELESS, PCRE_MULTILINE, PCRE_DOTALL, or PCRE_EXTENDED options,
respectively. For example:
</P>
<P>
<PRE>
/caseless/i
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
These modifier letters have the same effect as they do in Perl. There are
others which set PCRE options that do not correspond to anything in Perl:
<B>/A</B>, <B>/E</B>, and <B>/X</B> set PCRE_ANCHORED, PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY, and
PCRE_EXTRA respectively.
</P>
<P>
Searching for all possible matches within each subject string can be requested
by the <B>/g</B> or <B>/G</B> modifier. After finding a match, PCRE is called
again to search the remainder of the subject string. The difference between
<B>/g</B> and <B>/G</B> is that the former uses the <I>startoffset</I> argument to
<B>pcre_exec()</B> to start searching at a new point within the entire string
(which is in effect what Perl does), whereas the latter passes over a shortened
substring. This makes a difference to the matching process if the pattern
begins with a lookbehind assertion (including \b or \B).
</P>
<P>
If any call to <B>pcre_exec()</B> in a <B>/g</B> or <B>/G</B> sequence matches an
empty string, the next call is done with the PCRE_NOTEMPTY and PCRE_ANCHORED
flags set in order to search for another, non-empty, match at the same point.
If this second match fails, the start offset is advanced by one, and the normal
match is retried. This imitates the way Perl handles such cases when using the
<B>/g</B> modifier or the <B>split()</B> function.
</P>
<P>
There are a number of other modifiers for controlling the way <B>pcretest</B>
operates.
</P>
<P>
The <B>/+</B> modifier requests that as well as outputting the substring that
matched the entire pattern, pcretest should in addition output the remainder of
the subject string. This is useful for tests where the subject contains
multiple copies of the same substring.
</P>
<P>
The <B>/L</B> modifier must be followed directly by the name of a locale, for
example,
</P>
<P>
<PRE>
/pattern/Lfr
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
For this reason, it must be the last modifier letter. The given locale is set,
<B>pcre_maketables()</B> is called to build a set of character tables for the
locale, and this is then passed to <B>pcre_compile()</B> when compiling the
regular expression. Without an <B>/L</B> modifier, NULL is passed as the tables
pointer; that is, <B>/L</B> applies only to the expression on which it appears.
</P>
<P>
The <B>/I</B> modifier requests that <B>pcretest</B> output information about the
compiled expression (whether it is anchored, has a fixed first character, and
so on). It does this by calling <B>pcre_fullinfo()</B> after compiling an
expression, and outputting the information it gets back. If the pattern is
studied, the results of that are also output.
</P>
<P>
The <B>/D</B> modifier is a PCRE debugging feature, which also assumes <B>/I</B>.
It causes the internal form of compiled regular expressions to be output after
compilation.
</P>
<P>
The <B>/S</B> modifier causes <B>pcre_study()</B> to be called after the
expression has been compiled, and the results used when the expression is
matched.
</P>
<P>
The <B>/M</B> modifier causes the size of memory block used to hold the compiled
pattern to be output.
</P>
<P>
The <B>/P</B> modifier causes <B>pcretest</B> to call PCRE via the POSIX wrapper
API rather than its native API. When this is done, all other modifiers except
<B>/i</B>, <B>/m</B>, and <B>/+</B> are ignored. REG_ICASE is set if <B>/i</B> is
present, and REG_NEWLINE is set if <B>/m</B> is present. The wrapper functions
force PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY always, and PCRE_DOTALL unless REG_NEWLINE is set.
</P>
<P>
The <B>/8</B> modifier causes <B>pcretest</B> to call PCRE with the PCRE_UTF8
option set. This turns on the (currently incomplete) support for UTF-8
character handling in PCRE, provided that it was compiled with this support
enabled. This modifier also causes any non-printing characters in output
strings to be printed using the \x{hh...} notation if they are valid UTF-8
sequences.
</P>
<LI><A NAME="SEC6" HREF="#TOC1">DATA LINES</A>
<P>
Before each data line is passed to <B>pcre_exec()</B>, leading and trailing
whitespace is removed, and it is then scanned for \ escapes. The following are
recognized:
</P>
<P>
<PRE>
\a alarm (= BEL)
\b backspace
\e escape
\f formfeed
\n newline
\r carriage return
\t tab
\v vertical tab
\nnn octal character (up to 3 octal digits)
\xhh hexadecimal character (up to 2 hex digits)
\x{hh...} hexadecimal UTF-8 character
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
<PRE>
\A pass the PCRE_ANCHORED option to <B>pcre_exec()</B>
\B pass the PCRE_NOTBOL option to <B>pcre_exec()</B>
\Cdd call pcre_copy_substring() for substring dd
after a successful match (any decimal number
less than 32)
\Gdd call pcre_get_substring() for substring dd
after a successful match (any decimal number
less than 32)
\L call pcre_get_substringlist() after a
successful match
\N pass the PCRE_NOTEMPTY option to <B>pcre_exec()</B>
\Odd set the size of the output vector passed to
<B>pcre_exec()</B> to dd (any number of decimal
digits)
\Z pass the PCRE_NOTEOL option to <B>pcre_exec()</B>
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
When \O is used, it may be higher or lower than the size set by the <B>-O</B>
option (or defaulted to 45); \O applies only to the call of <B>pcre_exec()</B>
for the line in which it appears.
</P>
<P>
A backslash followed by anything else just escapes the anything else. If the
very last character is a backslash, it is ignored. This gives a way of passing
an empty line as data, since a real empty line terminates the data input.
</P>
<P>
If <B>/P</B> was present on the regex, causing the POSIX wrapper API to be used,
only <B>\B</B>, and <B>\Z</B> have any effect, causing REG_NOTBOL and REG_NOTEOL
to be passed to <B>regexec()</B> respectively.
</P>
<P>
The use of \x{hh...} to represent UTF-8 characters is not dependent on the use
of the <B>/8</B> modifier on the pattern. It is recognized always. There may be
any number of hexadecimal digits inside the braces. The result is from one to
six bytes, encoded according to the UTF-8 rules.
</P>
<LI><A NAME="SEC7" HREF="#TOC1">OUTPUT FROM PCRETEST</A>
<P>
When a match succeeds, pcretest outputs the list of captured substrings that
<B>pcre_exec()</B> returns, starting with number 0 for the string that matched
the whole pattern. Here is an example of an interactive pcretest run.
</P>
<P>
<PRE>
$ pcretest
PCRE version 2.06 08-Jun-1999
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
<PRE>
re> /^abc(\d+)/
data> abc123
0: abc123
1: 123
data> xyz
No match
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
If the strings contain any non-printing characters, they are output as \0x
escapes, or as \x{...} escapes if the <B>/8</B> modifier was present on the
pattern. If the pattern has the <B>/+</B> modifier, then the output for
substring 0 is followed by the the rest of the subject string, identified by
"0+" like this:
</P>
<P>
<PRE>
re> /cat/+
data> cataract
0: cat
0+ aract
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
If the pattern has the <B>/g</B> or <B>/G</B> modifier, the results of successive
matching attempts are output in sequence, like this:
</P>
<P>
<PRE>
re> /\Bi(\w\w)/g
data> Mississippi
0: iss
1: ss
0: iss
1: ss
0: ipp
1: pp
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
"No match" is output only if the first match attempt fails.
</P>
<P>
If any of the sequences <B>\C</B>, <B>\G</B>, or <B>\L</B> are present in a
data line that is successfully matched, the substrings extracted by the
convenience functions are output with C, G, or L after the string number
instead of a colon. This is in addition to the normal full list. The string
length (that is, the return from the extraction function) is given in
parentheses after each string for <B>\C</B> and <B>\G</B>.
</P>
<P>
Note that while patterns can be continued over several lines (a plain ">"
prompt is used for continuations), data lines may not. However newlines can be
included in data by means of the \n escape.
</P>
<LI><A NAME="SEC8" HREF="#TOC1">AUTHOR</A>
<P>
Philip Hazel <ph10@cam.ac.uk>
<BR>
University Computing Service,
<BR>
New Museums Site,
<BR>
Cambridge CB2 3QG, England.
<BR>
Phone: +44 1223 334714
</P>
<P>
Last updated: 15 August 2001
<BR>
Copyright (c) 1997-2001 University of Cambridge.
|
