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<title>mod_auth_dbm - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.0</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
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<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_auth_dbm</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_auth_dbm.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
</div>
<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides for user authentication using DBM
files</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module�Identifier:</a></th><td>auth_dbm_module</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source�File:</a></th><td>mod_auth_dbm.c</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available only in versions prior to 2.1</td></tr></table>
<h3>Summary</h3>
<p>This module provides for HTTP Basic Authentication, where
the usernames and passwords are stored in DBM type database
files. It is an alternative to the plain text password files
provided by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth.html">mod_auth</a></code>.</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
<ul id="toc">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#authdbmauthoritative">AuthDBMAuthoritative</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#authdbmgroupfile">AuthDBMGroupFile</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#authdbmtype">AuthDBMType</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#authdbmuserfile">AuthDBMUserFile</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>See also</h3>
<ul class="seealso">
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#authname">AuthName</a></code></li>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#authtype">AuthType</a></code></li>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#require">Require</a></code></li>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#satisfy">Satisfy</a></code></li>
</ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AuthDBMAuthoritative" id="AuthDBMAuthoritative">AuthDBMAuthoritative</a> <a name="authdbmauthoritative" id="authdbmauthoritative">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets whether authentication and authorization will be
passed on to lower level modules</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AuthDBMAuthoritative On|Off</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>AuthDBMAuthoritative On</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>AuthConfig</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_auth_dbm</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Setting the <code class="directive">AuthDBMAuthoritative</code>
directive explicitly to <code>Off</code> allows for both
authentication and authorization to be passed on to lower level
modules (as defined in the <code>modules.c</code> files) if there
is <strong>no userID</strong> or <strong>rule</strong> matching the
supplied userID. If there is a userID and/or rule specified; the
usual password and access checks will be applied and a failure will
give an "Authentication Required" reply.</p>
<p>So if a userID appears in the database of more than one module;
or if a valid <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#require">Require</a></code>
directive applies to more than one module; then the first module
will verify the credentials; and no access is passed on;
regardless of the <code class="directive">AuthDBMAuthoritative</code>
setting.</p>
<p>A common use for this is in conjunction with one of the
basic auth modules; such as <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth.html">mod_auth</a></code>. Whereas this
DBM module supplies the bulk of the user credential checking; a
few (administrator) related accesses fall through to a lower
level with a well protected <code>.htpasswd</code> file.</p>
<p>By default, control is not passed on and an unknown userID
or rule will result in an "Authentication Required" reply. Not
setting it thus keeps the system secure and forces an NCSA
compliant behaviour.</p>
<div class="warning"><h3>Security:</h3>
<p>Do consider the implications of allowing a user to allow
fall-through in his <code>.htaccess</code> file; and verify that this
is really what you want; Generally it is easier to just secure
a single <code>.htpasswd</code> file, than it is to secure a
database which might have more access interfaces.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AuthDBMGroupFile" id="AuthDBMGroupFile">AuthDBMGroupFile</a> <a name="authdbmgroupfile" id="authdbmgroupfile">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets the name of the database file containing the list
of user groups for authentication</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AuthDBMGroupFile <var>file-path</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>AuthConfig</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_auth_dbm</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">AuthDBMGroupFile</code> directive sets the
name of a DBM file containing the list of user groups for user
authentication. <var>File-path</var> is the absolute path to the
group file.</p>
<p>The group file is keyed on the username. The value for a
user is a comma-separated list of the groups to which the users
belongs. There must be no whitespace within the value, and it
must never contain any colons.</p>
<p>Security: make sure that the
<code class="directive">AuthDBMGroupFile</code> is stored outside the
document tree of the web-server; do <em>not</em> put it in the
directory that it protects. Otherwise, clients will be able to
download the <code class="directive">AuthDBMGroupFile</code> unless
otherwise protected.</p>
<p>Combining Group and Password DBM files: In some cases it is
easier to manage a single database which contains both the
password and group details for each user. This simplifies any
support programs that need to be written: they now only have to
deal with writing to and locking a single DBM file. This can be
accomplished by first setting the group and password files to
point to the same DBM:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
AuthDBMGroupFile /www/userbase<br />
AuthDBMUserFile /www/userbase
</code></p></div>
<p>The key for the single DBM is the username. The value consists
of</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
<var>Unix Crypt-ed Password</var>:<var>List of Groups</var>[:(ignored)]
</code></p></div>
<p>The password section contains the encrypted password as before.
This is followed by a colon and the comma separated list of groups.
Other data may optionally be left in the DBM file after another colon;
it is ignored by the authentication module. This is what
www.telescope.org uses for its combined password and group database.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AuthDBMType" id="AuthDBMType">AuthDBMType</a> <a name="authdbmtype" id="authdbmtype">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets the type of database file that is used to
store passwords</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AuthDBMType default|SDBM|GDBM|NDBM|DB</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>AuthDBMType default</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>AuthConfig</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_auth_dbm</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in version 2.0.30 and later.</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Sets the type of database file that is used to store the passwords.
The default database type is determined at compile time. The
availability of other types of database files also depends on
<a href="../install.html#dbm">compile-time settings</a>.</p>
<p>It is crucial that whatever program you use to create your password
files is configured to use the same type of database.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AuthDBMUserFile" id="AuthDBMUserFile">AuthDBMUserFile</a> <a name="authdbmuserfile" id="authdbmuserfile">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets thename of a database file containing the list of users and
passwords for authentication</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AuthDBMUserFile <var>file-path</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>AuthConfig</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_auth_dbm</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">AuthDBMUserFile</code> directive sets the
name of a DBM file containing the list of users and passwords for
user authentication. <var>File-path</var> is the absolute path to
the user file.</p>
<p>The user file is keyed on the username. The value for a user is
the encrypted password, optionally followed by a colon and arbitrary
data. The colon and the data following it will be ignored by the
server.</p>
<div class="warning"><h3>Security:</h3>
<p>Make sure that the <code class="directive">AuthDBMUserFile</code> is stored
outside the document tree of the web-server; do <em>not</em> put it in
the directory that it protects. Otherwise, clients will be able to
download the <code class="directive">AuthDBMUserFile</code>.</p>
</div>
<p>Important compatibility note: The implementation of
"dbmopen" in the apache modules reads the string length of the
hashed values from the DBM data structures, rather than relying
upon the string being NULL-appended. Some applications, such as
the Netscape web server, rely upon the string being
NULL-appended, so if you are having trouble using DBM files
interchangeably between applications this may be a part of the
problem.</p>
<p>A perl script called
<code class="program"><a href="../programs/dbmmanage.html">dbmmanage</a></code> is included with
Apache. This program can be used to create and update DBM
format password files for use with this module.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bottomlang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_auth_dbm.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
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<p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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