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diff --git a/rubbos/app/httpd-2.0.64/docs/manual/urlmapping.html.en b/rubbos/app/httpd-2.0.64/docs/manual/urlmapping.html.en deleted file mode 100644 index c989e4b3..00000000 --- a/rubbos/app/httpd-2.0.64/docs/manual/urlmapping.html.en +++ /dev/null @@ -1,279 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!-- - XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX - This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT - XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX - --> -<title>Mapping URLs to Filesystem Locations - Apache HTTP Server</title> -<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> -<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> -<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /> -<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> -<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> -<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> -<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p> -<img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div> -<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> -<div id="path"> -<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.0</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Mapping URLs to Filesystem Locations</h1> -<div class="toplang"> -<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/urlmapping.html" title="English"> en </a> | -<a href="./ja/urlmapping.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | -<a href="./ko/urlmapping.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | -<a href="./tr/urlmapping.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> -</div> - - <p>This document explains how Apache uses the URL of a request - to determine the filesystem location from which to serve a - file.</p> - </div> -<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#related">Related Modules and Directives</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#outside">Files Outside the DocumentRoot</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#user">User Directories</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#redirect">URL Redirection</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxy">Reverse Proxy</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewrite">Rewriting Engine</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#notfound">File Not Found</a></li> -</ul></div> -<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="related" id="related">Related Modules and Directives</a></h2> - -<table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html">mod_alias</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_speling.html">mod_speling</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#alias">Alias</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_speling.html#checkspelling">CheckSpelling</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypassreverse">ProxyPassReverse</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#redirect">Redirect</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritematch">RewriteMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#scriptaliasmatch">ScriptAliasMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table> -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="documentroot" id="documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></h2> - - <p>In deciding what file to serve for a given request, Apache's - default behavior is to take the URL-Path for the request (the part - of the URL following the hostname and port) and add it to the end - of the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> specified - in your configuration files. Therefore, the files and directories - underneath the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> - make up the basic document tree which will be visible from the - web.</p> - - <p>Apache is also capable of <a href="vhosts/">Virtual - Hosting</a>, where the server receives requests for more than one - host. In this case, a different <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> can be specified for each - virtual host, or alternatively, the directives provided by the - module <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> can - be used to dynamically determine the appropriate place from which - to serve content based on the requested IP address or - hostname.</p> -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="outside" id="outside">Files Outside the DocumentRoot</a></h2> - - <p>There are frequently circumstances where it is necessary to - allow web access to parts of the filesystem that are not strictly - underneath the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>. Apache offers several - different ways to accomplish this. On Unix systems, symbolic links - can bring other parts of the filesystem under the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>. For security reasons, - Apache will follow symbolic links only if the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code> setting for the relevant - directory includes <code>FollowSymLinks</code> or - <code>SymLinksIfOwnerMatch</code>.</p> - - <p>Alternatively, the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#alias">Alias</a></code> directive will map any part - of the filesystem into the web space. For example, with</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code>Alias /docs /var/web</code></p></div> - - <p>the URL <code>http://www.example.com/docs/dir/file.html</code> - will be served from <code>/var/web/dir/file.html</code>. The - <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></code> directive - works the same way, with the additional effect that all content - located at the target path is treated as CGI scripts.</p> - - <p>For situations where you require additional flexibility, you - can use the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code> and - <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#scriptaliasmatch">ScriptAliasMatch</a></code> - directives to do powerful regular-expression based matching and - substitution. For example,</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code>ScriptAliasMatch ^/~([a-zA-Z0-9]+)/cgi-bin/(.+) - /home/$1/cgi-bin/$2</code></p></div> - - <p>will map a request to - <code>http://example.com/~user/cgi-bin/script.cgi</code> to the - path <code>/home/user/cgi-bin/script.cgi</code> and will treat - the resulting file as a CGI script.</p> -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="user" id="user">User Directories</a></h2> - - <p>Traditionally on Unix systems, the home directory of a - particular <em>user</em> can be referred to as - <code>~user/</code>. The module <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code> - extends this idea to the web by allowing files under each user's - home directory to be accessed using URLs such as the - following.</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code>http://www.example.com/~user/file.html</code></p></div> - - <p>For security reasons, it is inappropriate to give direct - access to a user's home directory from the web. Therefore, the - <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code> directive - specifies a directory underneath the user's home directory - where web files are located. Using the default setting of - <code>Userdir public_html</code>, the above URL maps to a file - at a directory like - <code>/home/user/public_html/file.html</code> where - <code>/home/user/</code> is the user's home directory as - specified in <code>/etc/passwd</code>.</p> - - <p>There are also several other forms of the - <code>Userdir</code> directive which you can use on systems - where <code>/etc/passwd</code> does not contain the location of - the home directory.</p> - - <p>Some people find the "~" symbol (which is often encoded on the - web as <code>%7e</code>) to be awkward and prefer to use an - alternate string to represent user directories. This functionality - is not supported by mod_userdir. However, if users' home - directories are structured in a regular way, then it is possible - to use the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code> - directive to achieve the desired effect. For example, to make - <code>http://www.example.com/upages/user/file.html</code> map to - <code>/home/user/public_html/file.html</code>, use the following - <code>AliasMatch</code> directive:</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code>AliasMatch ^/upages/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)/?(.*) - /home/$1/public_html/$2</code></p></div> -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="redirect" id="redirect">URL Redirection</a></h2> - - <p>The configuration directives discussed in the above sections - tell Apache to get content from a specific place in the filesystem - and return it to the client. Sometimes, it is desirable instead to - inform the client that the requested content is located at a - different URL, and instruct the client to make a new request with - the new URL. This is called <em>redirection</em> and is - implemented by the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#redirect">Redirect</a></code> directive. For example, if - the contents of the directory <code>/foo/</code> under the - <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> are moved - to the new directory <code>/bar/</code>, you can instruct clients - to request the content at the new location as follows:</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code>Redirect permanent /foo/ - http://www.example.com/bar/</code></p></div> - - <p>This will redirect any URL-Path starting in - <code>/foo/</code> to the same URL path on the - <code>www.example.com</code> server with <code>/bar/</code> - substituted for <code>/foo/</code>. You can redirect clients to - any server, not only the origin server.</p> - - <p>Apache also provides a <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a></code> directive for more - complicated rewriting problems. For example, to redirect requests - for the site home page to a different site, but leave all other - requests alone, use the following configuration:</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code>RedirectMatch permanent ^/$ - http://www.example.com/startpage.html</code></p></div> - - <p>Alternatively, to temporarily redirect all pages on one site - to a particular page on another site, use the following:</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code>RedirectMatch temp .* - http://othersite.example.com/startpage.html</code></p></div> -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Reverse Proxy</a></h2> - -<p>Apache also allows you to bring remote documents into the URL space -of the local server. This technique is called <em>reverse -proxying</em> because the web server acts like a proxy server by -fetching the documents from a remote server and returning them to the -client. It is different from normal proxying because, to the client, -it appears the documents originate at the reverse proxy server.</p> - -<p>In the following example, when clients request documents under the -<code>/foo/</code> directory, the server fetches those documents from -the <code>/bar/</code> directory on <code>internal.example.com</code> -and returns them to the client as if they were from the local -server.</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code> -ProxyPass /foo/ http://internal.example.com/bar/<br /> -ProxyPassReverse /foo/ http://internal.example.com/bar/ -</code></p></div> - -<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> configures -the server to fetch the appropriate documents, while the -<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypassreverse">ProxyPassReverse</a></code> -directive rewrites redirects originating at -<code>internal.example.com</code> so that they target the appropriate -directory on the local server. It is important to note, however, that -links inside the documents will not be rewritten. So any absolute -links on <code>internal.example.com</code> will result in the client -breaking out of the proxy server and requesting directly from -<code>internal.example.com</code>.</p> -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="rewrite" id="rewrite">Rewriting Engine</a></h2> - - <p>When even more powerful substitution is required, the rewriting - engine provided by <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> - can be useful. The directives provided by this module use - characteristics of the request such as browser type or source IP - address in deciding from where to serve content. In addition, - mod_rewrite can use external database files or programs to - determine how to handle a request. The rewriting engine is capable - of performing all three types of mappings discussed above: - internal redirects (aliases), external redirects, and proxying. - Many practical examples employing mod_rewrite are discussed in the - <a href="misc/rewriteguide.html">URL Rewriting Guide</a>.</p> -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="notfound" id="notfound">File Not Found</a></h2> - - <p>Inevitably, URLs will be requested for which no matching - file can be found in the filesystem. This can happen for - several reasons. In some cases, it can be a result of moving - documents from one location to another. In this case, it is - best to use <a href="#redirect">URL redirection</a> to inform - clients of the new location of the resource. In this way, you - can assure that old bookmarks and links will continue to work, - even though the resource is at a new location.</p> - - <p>Another common cause of "File Not Found" errors is - accidental mistyping of URLs, either directly in the browser, - or in HTML links. Apache provides the module - <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_speling.html">mod_speling</a></code> (sic) to help with - this problem. When this module is activated, it will intercept - "File Not Found" errors and look for a resource with a similar - filename. If one such file is found, mod_speling will send an - HTTP redirect to the client informing it of the correct - location. If several "close" files are found, a list of - available alternatives will be presented to the client.</p> - - <p>An especially useful feature of mod_speling, is that it will - compare filenames without respect to case. This can help - systems where users are unaware of the case-sensitive nature of - URLs and the unix filesystem. But using mod_speling for - anything more than the occasional URL correction can place - additional load on the server, since each "incorrect" request - is followed by a URL redirection and a new request from the - client.</p> - - <p>If all attempts to locate the content fail, Apache returns - an error page with HTTP status code 404 (file not found). The - appearance of this page is controlled with the - <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a></code> directive - and can be customized in a flexible manner as discussed in the - <a href="custom-error.html">Custom error responses</a> and <a href="misc/custom_errordocs.html">International Server Error - Responses</a> documents.</p> -</div></div> -<div class="bottomlang"> -<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/urlmapping.html" title="English"> en </a> | -<a href="./ja/urlmapping.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | -<a href="./ko/urlmapping.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | -<a href="./tr/urlmapping.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> -</div><div id="footer"> -<p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p> -<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div> -</body></html>
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