diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'rubbos/app/apache2/manual/vhosts/mass.html.en')
| -rw-r--r-- | rubbos/app/apache2/manual/vhosts/mass.html.en | 419 |
1 files changed, 419 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/vhosts/mass.html.en b/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/vhosts/mass.html.en new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ee0f0f1d --- /dev/null +++ b/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/vhosts/mass.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,419 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Dynamically Configured Mass Virtual Hosting - Apache HTTP Server</title> +<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /> +<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p> +<img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.0</a> > <a href="./">Virtual Hosts</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Dynamically Configured Mass Virtual Hosting</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/vhosts/mass.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../ko/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="../tr/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> + + + <p>This document describes how to efficiently serve an + arbitrary number of virtual hosts with the Apache httpd webserver. + </p> + +</div> +<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#motivation">Motivation</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#simple">Simple Dynamic Virtual Hosts</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#homepages">A Virtually Hosted Homepages System</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#combinations">Using Multiple Virtual + Hosting Systems on the Same Server</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipbased">More Efficient IP-Based Virtual Hosting</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#simple.rewrite">Simple Dynamic + Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#homepages.rewrite">A + Homepages System Using <code>mod_rewrite</code></a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual + Host Configuration File</a></li> +</ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="motivation" id="motivation">Motivation</a></h2> + + <p>The techniques described here are of interest if your + <code>httpd.conf</code> contains many + <code><VirtualHost></code> sections that are + substantially the same, for example:</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44<br /> +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44><br /> +<span class="indent"> + ServerName www.customer-1.com<br /> + DocumentRoot /www/hosts/www.customer-1.com/docs<br /> + ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /www/hosts/www.customer-1.com/cgi-bin<br /> +</span> +</VirtualHost><br /> +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44><br /> +<span class="indent"> + ServerName www.customer-2.com<br /> + DocumentRoot /www/hosts/www.customer-2.com/docs<br /> + ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /www/hosts/www.customer-2.com/cgi-bin<br /> +</span> +</VirtualHost><br /> +# blah blah blah<br /> +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44><br /> +<span class="indent"> + ServerName www.customer-N.com<br /> + DocumentRoot /www/hosts/www.customer-N.com/docs<br /> + ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /www/hosts/www.customer-N.com/cgi-bin<br /> +</span> +</VirtualHost> +</code></p></div> + + <p>The basic idea is to replace all of the static + <code><VirtualHost></code> configurations with a mechanism + that works them out dynamically. This has a number of + advantages:</p> + + <ol> + <li>Your configuration file is smaller, so Apache starts + more quickly and uses less memory.</li> + + <li>Adding virtual hosts is simply a matter of creating the + appropriate directories in the filesystem and entries in the + DNS - you don't need to reconfigure or restart Apache.</li> + </ol> + + <p>The main disadvantage is that you cannot have a different log file for + each virtual host; however, if you have many virtual hosts, doing + this can be a bad idea anyway, because of the number of file + descriptors needed. It is better to log to a pipe or a fifo, and arrange for + the process at the other end to distribute the logs to the customers. + (This can also be used to accumulate statistics, etc.).</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2> + + <p>A virtual host is defined by two pieces of information: its + IP address, and the contents of the <code>Host:</code> header + in the HTTP request. The dynamic mass virtual hosting technique + used here is based on automatically inserting this information into the + pathname of the file that is used to satisfy the request. This + can be most easily done by using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> + with Apache 2.0. Alternatively, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> can be used. + Both of these modules are disabled by default; you must enable + one of them when configuring and building Apache if you want to + use this technique.</p> + + <p>A couple of things need to be `faked' to make the dynamic + virtual host look like a normal one. The most important is the + server name, which is used by Apache to generate + self-referential URLs etc. It is configured with the + <code>ServerName</code> directive, and it is available to CGIs + via the <code>SERVER_NAME</code> environment variable. The + actual value used at run time is controlled by the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></code> + setting. With <code>UseCanonicalName Off</code>, the server name + is taken from the contents of the <code>Host:</code> header in the + request. With <code>UseCanonicalName DNS</code>, it is taken from a + reverse DNS lookup of the virtual host's IP address. The former + setting is used for name-based dynamic virtual hosting, and the + latter is used for IP-based hosting. If Apache cannot work out + the server name because there is no <code>Host:</code> header, + or the DNS lookup fails, then the value configured with + <code>ServerName</code> is used instead.</p> + + <p>The other thing to `fake' is the document root (configured + with <code>DocumentRoot</code> and available to CGIs via the + <code>DOCUMENT_ROOT</code> environment variable). In a normal + configuration, this is used by the core module when + mapping URIs to filenames, but when the server is configured to + do dynamic virtual hosting, that job must be taken over by another + module (either <code>mod_vhost_alias</code> or + <code>mod_rewrite</code>), which has a different way of doing + the mapping. Neither of these modules is responsible for + setting the <code>DOCUMENT_ROOT</code> environment variable so + if any CGIs or SSI documents make use of it, they will get a + misleading value.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="simple" id="simple">Simple Dynamic Virtual Hosts</a></h2> + + <p>This extract from <code>httpd.conf</code> implements the + virtual host arrangement outlined in the <a href="#motivation">Motivation</a> section above, but in a + generic fashion using <code>mod_vhost_alias</code>.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +# get the server name from the Host: header<br /> +UseCanonicalName Off<br /> +<br /> +# this log format can be split per-virtual-host based on the first field<br /> +LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon<br /> +CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon<br /> +<br /> +# include the server name in the filenames used to satisfy requests<br /> +VirtualDocumentRoot /www/hosts/%0/docs<br /> +VirtualScriptAlias /www/hosts/%0/cgi-bin +</code></p></div> + + <p>This configuration can be changed into an IP-based virtual + hosting solution by just turning <code>UseCanonicalName + Off</code> into <code>UseCanonicalName DNS</code>. The server + name that is inserted into the filename is then derived from + the IP address of the virtual host.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="homepages" id="homepages">A Virtually Hosted Homepages System</a></h2> + + <p>This is an adjustment of the above system, tailored for an + ISP's homepages server. Using a slightly more complicated + configuration, we can select substrings of the server name to + use in the filename so that, for example, the documents for + <code>www.user.isp.com</code> are found in + <code>/home/user/</code>. It uses a single <code>cgi-bin</code> + directory instead of one per virtual host.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +# all the preliminary stuff is the same as above, then<br /> +<br /> +# include part of the server name in the filenames<br /> +VirtualDocumentRoot /www/hosts/%2/docs<br /> +<br /> +# single cgi-bin directory<br /> +ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /www/std-cgi/<br /> +</code></p></div> + + <p>There are examples of more complicated + <code>VirtualDocumentRoot</code> settings in the + <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> documentation.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="combinations" id="combinations">Using Multiple Virtual + Hosting Systems on the Same Server</a></h2> + + <p>With more complicated setups, you can use Apache's normal + <code><VirtualHost></code> directives to control the + scope of the various virtual hosting configurations. For + example, you could have one IP address for general customers' homepages, + and another for commercial customers, with the following setup. + This can, of course, be combined with conventional + <code><VirtualHost></code> configuration sections.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +UseCanonicalName Off<br /> +<br /> +LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon<br /> +<br /> +<Directory /www/commercial><br /> +<span class="indent"> + Options FollowSymLinks<br /> + AllowOverride All<br /> +</span> +</Directory><br /> +<br /> +<Directory /www/homepages><br /> +<span class="indent"> + Options FollowSymLinks<br /> + AllowOverride None<br /> +</span> +</Directory><br /> +<br /> +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44><br /> +<span class="indent"> + ServerName www.commercial.isp.com<br /> + <br /> + CustomLog logs/access_log.commercial vcommon<br /> + <br /> + VirtualDocumentRoot /www/commercial/%0/docs<br /> + VirtualScriptAlias /www/commercial/%0/cgi-bin<br /> +</span> +</VirtualHost><br /> +<br /> +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.45><br /> +<span class="indent"> + ServerName www.homepages.isp.com<br /> + <br /> + CustomLog logs/access_log.homepages vcommon<br /> + <br /> + VirtualDocumentRoot /www/homepages/%0/docs<br /> + ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /www/std-cgi/<br /> +</span> +</VirtualHost> +</code></p></div> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="ipbased" id="ipbased">More Efficient IP-Based Virtual Hosting</a></h2> + + <p>The configuration changes suggested to turn <a href="#simple">the first + example</a> into an IP-based virtual hosting setup result in + a rather inefficient setup. A new DNS lookup is required for every + request. To avoid this overhead, the filesystem can be arranged to + correspond to the IP addresses, instead of to the host names, thereby + negating the need for a DNS lookup. Logging will also have to be adjusted + to fit this system.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +# get the server name from the reverse DNS of the IP address<br /> +UseCanonicalName DNS<br /> +<br /> +# include the IP address in the logs so they may be split<br /> +LogFormat "%A %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon<br /> +CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon<br /> +<br /> +# include the IP address in the filenames<br /> +VirtualDocumentRootIP /www/hosts/%0/docs<br /> +VirtualScriptAliasIP /www/hosts/%0/cgi-bin<br /> +</code></p></div> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="simple.rewrite" id="simple.rewrite">Simple Dynamic + Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></h2> + + <p>This extract from <code>httpd.conf</code> does the same + thing as <a href="#simple">the first example</a>. The first + half is very similar to the corresponding part above, except for + some changes, required for backward compatibility and to make the + <code>mod_rewrite</code> part work properly; the second half + configures <code>mod_rewrite</code> to do the actual work.</p> + + <p>There are a couple of especially tricky bits: by default, + <code>mod_rewrite</code> runs before other URI translation + modules (<code>mod_alias</code> etc.) - so if you wish to use these modules, <code>mod_rewrite</code> must be configured to accommodate + them. Also, some magic is required to do a + per-dynamic-virtual-host equivalent of + <code>ScriptAlias</code>.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +# get the server name from the Host: header<br /> +UseCanonicalName Off<br /> +<br /> +# splittable logs<br /> +LogFormat "%{Host}i %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon<br /> +CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon<br /> +<br /> +<Directory /www/hosts><br /> +<span class="indent"> + # ExecCGI is needed here because we can't force<br /> + # CGI execution in the way that ScriptAlias does<br /> + Options FollowSymLinks ExecCGI<br /> +</span> +</Directory><br /> +<br /> +# now for the hard bit<br /> +<br /> +RewriteEngine On<br /> +<br /> +# a ServerName derived from a Host: header may be any case at all<br /> +RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br /> +<br /> +## deal with normal documents first:<br /> +# allow Alias /icons/ to work - repeat for other aliases<br /> +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/<br /> +# allow CGIs to work<br /> +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br /> +# do the magic<br /> +RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/docs/$1<br /> +<br /> +## and now deal with CGIs - we have to force a MIME type<br /> +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/<br /> +RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/cgi-bin/$1 [T=application/x-httpd-cgi]<br /> +<br /> +# that's it! +</code></p></div> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="homepages.rewrite" id="homepages.rewrite">A + Homepages System Using <code>mod_rewrite</code></a></h2> + + <p>This does the same thing as <a href="#homepages">the second + example</a>.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +RewriteEngine on<br /> +<br /> +RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br /> +<br /> +# allow CGIs to work<br /> +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br /> +<br /> +# check the hostname is right so that the RewriteRule works<br /> +RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^www\.[a-z-]+\.isp\.com$<br /> +<br /> +# concatenate the virtual host name onto the start of the URI<br /> +# the [C] means do the next rewrite on the result of this one<br /> +RewriteRule ^(.+) ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}$1 [C]<br /> +<br /> +# now create the real file name<br /> +RewriteRule ^www\.([a-z-]+)\.isp\.com/(.*) /home/$1/$2<br /> +<br /> +# define the global CGI directory<br /> +ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /www/std-cgi/ +</code></p></div> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="xtra-conf" id="xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual + Host Configuration File</a></h2> + + <p>This arrangement uses more advanced <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> + features to work out the translation from virtual host to document + root, from a separate configuration file. This provides more + flexibility, but requires more complicated configuration.</p> + + <p>The <code>vhost.map</code> file should look something like + this:</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +www.customer-1.com /www/customers/1<br /> +www.customer-2.com /www/customers/2<br /> +# ...<br /> +www.customer-N.com /www/customers/N<br /> +</code></p></div> + + <p>The <code>httpd.conf</code> should contain the following:</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +RewriteEngine on<br /> +<br /> +RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br /> +<br /> +# define the map file<br /> +RewriteMap vhost txt:/www/conf/vhost.map<br /> +<br /> +# deal with aliases as above<br /> +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/<br /> +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br /> +RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^(.+)$<br /> +# this does the file-based remap<br /> +RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$<br /> +RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/docs/$1<br /> +<br /> +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/<br /> +RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^(.+)$<br /> +RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$<br /> +RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/cgi-bin/$1 [T=application/x-httpd-cgi] +</code></p></div> + +</div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/vhosts/mass.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../ko/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="../tr/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div id="footer"> +<p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p> +<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div> +</body></html>
\ No newline at end of file |