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diff --git a/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/ssl/ssl_howto.html.en b/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/ssl/ssl_howto.html.en new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f09492d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/ssl/ssl_howto.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,284 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>SSL/TLS Strong Encryption: How-To - Apache HTTP Server</title> +<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /> +<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p> +<img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.0</a> > <a href="./">SSL/TLS</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>SSL/TLS Strong Encryption: How-To</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/ssl/ssl_howto.html" title="English"> en </a></p> +</div> + +<blockquote> +<p>The solution of this problem is trivial +and is left as an exercise for the reader.</p> + +<p class="cite">-- <cite>Standard textbook cookie</cite></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>How to solve particular security constraints for an SSL-aware +webserver is not always obvious because of the coherences between SSL, +HTTP and Apache's way of processing requests. This chapter gives +instructions on how to solve such typical situations. Treat it as a first +step to find out the final solution, but always try to understand the +stuff before you use it. Nothing is worse than using a security solution +without knowing its restrictions and coherences.</p> +</div> +<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ciphersuites">Cipher Suites and Enforced Strong Security</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#accesscontrol">Client Authentication and Access Control</a></li> +</ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="ciphersuites" id="ciphersuites">Cipher Suites and Enforced Strong Security</a></h2> + +<ul> +<li><a href="#realssl">SSLv2 only server</a></li> +<li><a href="#onlystrong">strong encryption only server</a></li> +<li><a href="#upgradeenc">server gated cryptography</a></li> +<li><a href="#strongurl">stronger per-directory requirements</a></li> +</ul> + +<h3><a name="realssl" id="realssl">How can I create a real SSLv2-only server?</a></h3> + + <p>The following creates an SSL server which speaks only the SSLv2 protocol and + its ciphers.</p> + + <div class="example"><h3>httpd.conf</h3><p><code> + SSLProtocol -all +SSLv2<br /> + SSLCipherSuite SSLv2:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+EXP<br /> + </code></p></div> + + +<h3><a name="onlystrong" id="onlystrong">How can I create an SSL server which accepts strong encryption +only?</a></h3> + + <p>The following enables only the seven strongest ciphers:</p> + <div class="example"><h3>httpd.conf</h3><p><code> + SSLProtocol all<br /> + SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM<br /> + </code></p></div> + + +<h3><a name="upgradeenc" id="upgradeenc">How can I create an SSL server which accepts strong encryption +only, but allows export browsers to upgrade to stronger encryption?</a></h3> + + <p>This facility is called Server Gated Cryptography (SGC) and details + you can find in the <code>README.GlobalID</code> document in the + mod_ssl distribution. In short: The server has a Global ID server + certificate, signed by a special CA certificate from Verisign which + enables strong encryption in export browsers. This works as following: + The browser connects with an export cipher, the server sends its Global + ID certificate, the browser verifies it and subsequently upgrades the + cipher suite before any HTTP communication takes place. The question + now is: How can we allow this upgrade, but enforce strong encryption. + Or in other words: Browser either have to initially connect with + strong encryption or have to upgrade to strong encryption, but are + not allowed to keep the export ciphers. The following does the trick:</p> + <div class="example"><h3>httpd.conf</h3><p><code> + # allow all ciphers for the initial handshake,<br /> + # so export browsers can upgrade via SGC facility<br /> + SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL<br /> + <br /> + <Directory /usr/local/apache2/htdocs><br /> + # but finally deny all browsers which haven't upgraded<br /> + SSLRequire %{SSL_CIPHER_USEKEYSIZE} >= 128<br /> + </Directory> + </code></p></div> + + +<h3><a name="strongurl" id="strongurl">How can I create an SSL server which accepts all types of ciphers +in general, but requires a strong ciphers for access to a particular +URL?</a></h3> + + <p>Obviously you cannot just use a server-wide <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslciphersuite">SSLCipherSuite</a></code> which restricts the + ciphers to the strong variants. But mod_ssl allows you to reconfigure + the cipher suite in per-directory context and automatically forces + a renegotiation of the SSL parameters to meet the new configuration. + So, the solution is:</p> + <div class="example"><p><code> + # be liberal in general<br /> + SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL<br /> + <br /> + <Location /strong/area><br /> + # but https://hostname/strong/area/ and below<br /> + # requires strong ciphers<br /> + SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM<br /> + </Location> + </code></p></div> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="accesscontrol" id="accesscontrol">Client Authentication and Access Control</a></h2> + +<ul> +<li><a href="#allclients">simple certificate-based client authentication</a></li> +<li><a href="#arbitraryclients">selective certificate-based client authentication</a></li> +<li><a href="#certauthenticate">particular certificate-based client authentication</a></li> +<li><a href="#intranet">intranet vs. internet authentication</a></li> +</ul> + +<h3><a name="allclients" id="allclients">How can I authenticate clients based on certificates when I know +all my clients?</a></h3> + + <p>When you know your user community (i.e. a closed user group + situation), as it's the case for instance in an Intranet, you can + use plain certificate authentication. All you have to do is to + create client certificates signed by your own CA certificate + <code>ca.crt</code> and then verify the clients against this + certificate.</p> + <div class="example"><h3>httpd.conf</h3><p><code> + # require a client certificate which has to be directly<br /> + # signed by our CA certificate in ca.crt<br /> + SSLVerifyClient require<br /> + SSLVerifyDepth 1<br /> + SSLCACertificateFile conf/ssl.crt/ca.crt + </code></p></div> + + +<h3><a name="arbitraryclients" id="arbitraryclients">How can I authenticate my clients for a particular URL based on +certificates but still allow arbitrary clients to access the remaining +parts of the server?</a></h3> + + <p>For this we again use the per-directory reconfiguration feature + of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code>:</p> + + <div class="example"><h3>httpd.conf</h3><p><code> + SSLVerifyClient none<br /> + SSLCACertificateFile conf/ssl.crt/ca.crt<br /> + <br /> + <Location /secure/area><br /> + SSLVerifyClient require<br /> + SSLVerifyDepth 1<br /> + </Location><br /> + </code></p></div> + + +<h3><a name="certauthenticate" id="certauthenticate">How can I authenticate only particular clients for a some URLs based +on certificates but still allow arbitrary clients to access the remaining +parts of the server?</a></h3> + + <p>The key is to check for various ingredients of the client certificate. + Usually this means to check the whole or part of the Distinguished + Name (DN) of the Subject. For this two methods exists: The <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth.html">mod_auth</a></code> based variant and the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslrequire">SSLRequire</a></code> variant. The first method is + good when the clients are of totally different type, i.e. when their + DNs have no common fields (usually the organisation, etc.). In this + case you've to establish a password database containing <em>all</em> + clients. The second method is better when your clients are all part of + a common hierarchy which is encoded into the DN. Then you can match + them more easily.</p> + + <p>The first method:</p> + <div class="example"><h3>httpd.conf</h3><pre> +SSLVerifyClient none +<Directory /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/secure/area> + +SSLVerifyClient require +SSLVerifyDepth 5 +SSLCACertificateFile conf/ssl.crt/ca.crt +SSLCACertificatePath conf/ssl.crt +SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +SSLRequireSSL +AuthName "Snake Oil Authentication" +AuthType Basic +AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.passwd +require valid-user +</Directory></pre></div> + + <p>The password used in this example is the DES encrypted string "password". + See the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#ssloptions">SSLOptions</a></code> docs for more + information.</p> + + <div class="example"><h3>httpd.passwd</h3><pre> +/C=DE/L=Munich/O=Snake Oil, Ltd./OU=Staff/CN=Foo:xxj31ZMTZzkVA +/C=US/L=S.F./O=Snake Oil, Ltd./OU=CA/CN=Bar:xxj31ZMTZzkVA +/C=US/L=L.A./O=Snake Oil, Ltd./OU=Dev/CN=Quux:xxj31ZMTZzkVA</pre></div> + + <p>The second method:</p> + + <div class="example"><h3>httpd.conf</h3><pre> +SSLVerifyClient none +<Directory /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/secure/area> + + SSLVerifyClient require + SSLVerifyDepth 5 + SSLCACertificateFile conf/ssl.crt/ca.crt + SSLCACertificatePath conf/ssl.crt + SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth + SSLRequireSSL + SSLRequire %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O} eq "Snake Oil, Ltd." \ + and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU} in {"Staff", "CA", "Dev"} +</Directory></pre></div> + + +<h3><a name="intranet" id="intranet">How can I require HTTPS with strong ciphers and either basic +authentication or client certificates for access to a subarea on the +Intranet website for clients coming from the Internet but still allow +plain HTTP access for clients on the Intranet?</a></h3> + + <p>Let us assume the Intranet can be distinguished through the IP + network 192.168.1.0/24 and the subarea on the Intranet website has + the URL <code>/subarea</code>. Then configure the following outside + your HTTPS virtual host (so it applies to both HTTPS and HTTP):</p> + + <div class="example"><h3>httpd.conf</h3><pre> +SSLCACertificateFile conf/ssl.crt/company-ca.crt + +<Directory /usr/local/apache2/htdocs> +# Outside the subarea only Intranet access is granted +Order deny,allow +Deny from all +Allow from 192.168.1.0/24 +</Directory> + +<Directory /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/subarea> +# Inside the subarea any Intranet access is allowed +# but from the Internet only HTTPS + Strong-Cipher + Password +# or the alternative HTTPS + Strong-Cipher + Client-Certificate + +# If HTTPS is used, make sure a strong cipher is used. +# Additionally allow client certs as alternative to basic auth. +SSLVerifyClient optional +SSLVerifyDepth 1 +SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +StrictRequire +SSLRequire %{SSL_CIPHER_USEKEYSIZE} >= 128 + +# Force clients from the Internet to use HTTPS +RewriteEngine on +RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} !^192\.168\.1\.[0-9]+$ +RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on +RewriteRule .* - [F] + +# Allow Network Access and/or Basic Auth +Satisfy any + +# Network Access Control +Order deny,allow +Deny from all +Allow 192.168.1.0/24 + +# HTTP Basic Authentication +AuthType basic +AuthName "Protected Intranet Area" +AuthUserFile conf/protected.passwd +Require valid-user +</Directory></pre></div> + +</div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/ssl/ssl_howto.html" title="English"> en </a></p> +</div><div id="footer"> +<p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p> +<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div> +</body></html>
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