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diff --git a/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/ssl/ssl_faq.html.en b/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/ssl/ssl_faq.html.en deleted file mode 100644 index 16801dd6..00000000 --- a/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/ssl/ssl_faq.html.en +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1043 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!-- - XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX - This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT - XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX - --> -<title>SSL/TLS Strong Encryption: FAQ - Apache HTTP Server</title> -<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> -<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> -<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /> -<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> -<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> -<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> -<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p> -<img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div> -<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div> -<div id="path"> -<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.0</a> > <a href="./">SSL/TLS</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>SSL/TLS Strong Encryption: FAQ</h1> -<div class="toplang"> -<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/ssl/ssl_faq.html" title="English"> en </a></p> -</div> - -<blockquote> -<p>The wise man doesn't give the right answers, -he poses the right questions.</p> -<p class="cite">-- <cite>Claude Levi-Strauss</cite></p> - -</blockquote> -<p>This chapter is a collection of frequently asked questions (FAQ) and -corresponding answers following the popular USENET tradition. Most of these -questions occurred on the Newsgroup <code><a href="news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix">comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix</a></code> or the mod_ssl Support -Mailing List <code><a href="mailto:modssl-users@modssl.org">modssl-users@modssl.org</a></code>. They are collected at this place -to avoid answering the same questions over and over.</p> - -<p>Please read this chapter at least once when installing mod_ssl or at least -search for your problem here before submitting a problem report to the -author.</p> -</div> -<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#about">About The Module</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#aboutconfig">Configuration</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#aboutcerts">Certificates</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#aboutssl">The SSL Protocol</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#support">mod_ssl Support</a></li> -</ul></div> -<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="about" id="about">About The Module</a></h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="#history">What is the history of mod_ssl?</a></li> -<li><a href="#wassenaar">mod_ssl and Wassenaar Arrangement?</a></li> -</ul> - -<h3><a name="history" id="history">What is the history of mod_ssl?</a></h3> -<p>The mod_ssl v1 package was initially created in April 1998 by <a href="mailto:rse@engelschall.com">Ralf S. Engelschall</a> via porting <a href="mailto:ben@algroup.co.uk">Ben Laurie</a>'s <a href="http://www.apache-ssl.org/">Apache-SSL</a> 1.17 source patches for - Apache 1.2.6 to Apache 1.3b6. Because of conflicts with Ben - Laurie's development cycle it then was re-assembled from scratch for - Apache 1.3.0 by merging the old mod_ssl 1.x with the newer Apache-SSL - 1.18. From this point on mod_ssl lived its own life as mod_ssl v2. The - first publicly released version was mod_ssl 2.0.0 from August 10th, - 1998. </p> - - <p>After US export restrictions on cryptographic software were - loosened, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> became part of the Apache HTTP - Server with the release of Apache httpd 2.</p> - - -<h3><a name="wassenaar" id="wassenaar">Is mod_ssl affected by the Wassenaar Arrangement?</a></h3> -<p>First, let us explain what <dfn>Wassenaar</dfn> and its <dfn>Arrangement on - Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and - Technologies</dfn> is: This is a international regime, established in 1995, to - control trade in conventional arms and dual-use goods and technology. It - replaced the previous <dfn>CoCom</dfn> regime. Further details on - both the Arrangement and its signatories are available at <a href="http://www.wassenaar.org/">http://www.wassenaar.org/</a>.</p> - - <p>In short, the aim of the Wassenaar Arrangement is to prevent the build up - of military capabilities that threaten regional and international security - and stability. The Wassenaar Arrangement controls the export of - cryptography as a dual-use good, that is, something that has both military and - civilian applications. However, the Wassenaar Arrangement also provides an - exemption from export controls for mass-market software and free software.</p> - - <p>In the current Wassenaar <cite>List of Dual Use Goods and Technologies And - Munitions</cite>, under <q>GENERAL SOFTWARE NOTE (GSN)</q> it says - <q>The Lists do not control "software" which is either: 1. [...] 2. "in - the public domain".</q> And under <q>DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED IN - THESE LISTS</q> we find <q>In the public - domain</q> defined as <q>"technology" or "software" which has been made - available without restrictions upon its further dissemination. Note: - Copyright restrictions do not remove "technology" or "software" from being - "in the public domain".</q></p> - - <p>So, both mod_ssl and OpenSSL are <q>in the public domain</q> for the purposes - of the Wassenaar Arrangement and its <q>List of Dual Use Goods and - Technologies And Munitions List</q>, and thus not affected by its provisions.</p> - - -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="installation" id="installation">Installation</a></h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="#mutex">Why do I get permission errors related to -SSLMutex when I start Apache?</a></li> -<li><a href="#entropy">Why does mod_ssl stop with the error "Failed to -generate temporary 512 bit RSA private key" when I start Apache?</a></li> -</ul> - -<h3><a name="mutex" id="mutex">Why do I get permission errors related to - SSLMutex when I start Apache?</a></h3> - <p>Errors such as ``<code>mod_ssl: Child could not open - SSLMutex lockfile /opt/apache/logs/ssl_mutex.18332 (System error follows) - [...] System: Permission denied (errno: 13)</code>'' are usually - caused by overly restrictive permissions on the <em>parent</em> directories. - Make sure that all parent directories (here <code>/opt</code>, - <code>/opt/apache</code> and <code>/opt/apache/logs</code>) have the x-bit - set for, at minimum, the UID under which Apache's children are running (see - the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#user">User</a></code> directive).</p> - - -<h3><a name="entropy" id="entropy">Why does mod_ssl stop with the error - "Failed to generate temporary 512 bit RSA private key" when I start - Apache?</a></h3> - <p>Cryptographic software needs a source of unpredictable data - to work correctly. Many open source operating systems provide - a "randomness device" that serves this purpose (usually named - <code>/dev/random</code>). On other systems, applications have to - seed the OpenSSL Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) manually with - appropriate data before generating keys or performing public key - encryption. As of version 0.9.5, the OpenSSL functions that need - randomness report an error if the PRNG has not been seeded with - at least 128 bits of randomness.</p> - <p>To prevent this error, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> has to provide - enough entropy to the PRNG to allow it to work correctly. This can - be done via the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslrandomseed">SSLRandomSeed</a></code> - directive.</p> - -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="aboutconfig" id="aboutconfig">Configuration</a></h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="#parallel">Is it possible to provide HTTP and HTTPS from -the same server?</a></li> -<li><a href="#ports">Which port does HTTPS use?</a></li> -<li><a href="#httpstest">How do I speak HTTPS manually for testing -purposes?</a></li> -<li><a href="#hang">Why does the connection hang when I connect to my -SSL-aware Apache server?</a></li> -<li><a href="#refused">Why do I get ``Connection Refused'' errors, when -trying to access my newly installed Apache+mod_ssl server via HTTPS?</a></li> -<li><a href="#envvars">Why are the <code>SSL_XXX</code> variables not -available to my CGI & SSI scripts?</a></li> -<li><a href="#relative">How can I switch between HTTP and HTTPS in -relative hyperlinks?</a></li> -</ul> - -<h3><a name="parallel" id="parallel">Is it possible to provide HTTP and HTTPS - from the same server?</a></h3> - <p>Yes. HTTP and HTTPS use different server ports (HTTP binds to - port 80, HTTPS to port 443), so there is no direct conflict between - them. You can either run two separate server instances bound to - these ports, or use Apache's elegant virtual hosting facility to - create two virtual servers, both served by the same instance of Apache - - one responding over HTTP to requests on port 80, and the other - responding over HTTPS to requests on port 443.</p> - - -<h3><a name="ports" id="ports">Which port does HTTPS use?</a></h3> -<p>You can run HTTPS on any port, but the standards specify port 443, which - is where any HTTPS compliant browser will look by default. You can force - your browser to look on a different port by specifying it in the URL. For - example, if your server is set up to serve pages over HTTPS on port 8080, - you can access them at <code>https://example.com:8080/</code></p> - - -<h3><a name="httpstest" id="httpstest">How do I speak HTTPS manually for testing purposes?</a></h3> - <p>While you usually just use</p> - - <div class="example"><p><code>$ telnet localhost 80<br /> - GET / HTTP/1.0</code></p></div> - - <p>for simple testing of Apache via HTTP, it's not so easy for - HTTPS because of the SSL protocol between TCP and HTTP. With the - help of OpenSSL's <code>s_client</code> command, however, you can - do a similar check via HTTPS:</p> - - <div class="example"><p><code>$ openssl s_client -connect localhost:443 -state -debug<br /> - GET / HTTP/1.0</code></p></div> - - <p>Before the actual HTTP response you will receive detailed - information about the SSL handshake. For a more general command - line client which directly understands both HTTP and HTTPS, can - perform GET and POST operations, can use a proxy, supports byte - ranges, etc. you should have a look at the nifty - <a href="http://curl.haxx.se/">cURL</a> tool. Using this, you can - check that Apache is responding correctly to requests via HTTP and - HTTPS as follows:</p> - - <div class="example"><p><code>$ curl http://localhost/<br /> - $ curl https://localhost/</code></p></div> - - -<h3><a name="hang" id="hang">Why does the connection hang when I connect - to my SSL-aware Apache server?</a></h3> - -<p>This can happen when you try to connect to a HTTPS server (or virtual - server) via HTTP (eg, using <code>http://example.com/</code> instead of - <code>https://example.com</code>). It can also happen when trying to - connect via HTTPS to a HTTP server (eg, using - <code>https://example.com/</code> on a server which doesn't support HTTPS, - or which supports it on a non-standard port). Make sure that you're - connecting to a (virtual) server that supports SSL.</p> - -<h3><a name="refused" id="refused">Why do I get ``Connection Refused'' messages, - when trying to access my newly installed Apache+mod_ssl server via HTTPS?</a></h3> -<p> - This error can be caused by an incorrect configuration. - Please make sure that your <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives match your - <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> - directives. If all else fails, please start afresh, using the default - configuration provided by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code>.</p> - - -<h3><a name="envvars" id="envvars">Why are the <code>SSL_XXX</code> variables - not available to my CGI & SSI scripts?</a></h3> -<p>Please make sure you have ``<code>SSLOptions +StdEnvVars</code>'' - enabled for the context of your CGI/SSI requests.</p> - - -<h3><a name="relative" id="relative">How can I switch between HTTP and HTTPS in relative - hyperlinks?</a></h3> - -<p>Usually, to switch between HTTP and HTTPS, you have to use - fully-qualified hyperlinks (because you have to change the URL - scheme). Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> however, you can - manipulate relative hyperlinks, to achieve the same effect.</p> - <div class="example"><p><code> - RewriteEngine on<br /> - RewriteRule ^/(.*):SSL$ https://%{SERVER_NAME}/$1 [R,L]<br /> - RewriteRule ^/(.*):NOSSL$ http://%{SERVER_NAME}/$1 [R,L] - </code></p></div> - - <p>This rewrite ruleset lets you use hyperlinks of the form - <code><a href="document.html:SSL"></code>, to switch to HTTPS - in a relative link. (Replace SSL with NOSSL to switch to HTTP.)</p> - -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="aboutcerts" id="aboutcerts">Certificates</a></h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="#keyscerts">What are RSA Private Keys, CSRs and -Certificates?</a></li> -<li><a href="#startup">Is there a difference on startup between -a non-SSL-aware Apache and an SSL-aware Apache?</a></li> -<li><a href="#selfcert">How do I create a self-signed SSL -Certificate for testing purposes?</a></li> -<li><a href="#realcert">How do I create a real SSL Certificate?</a></li> -<li><a href="#ownca">How do I create and use my own Certificate -Authority (CA)?</a></li> -<li><a href="#passphrase">How can I change the pass-phrase on my private -key file?</a></li> -<li><a href="#removepassphrase">How can I get rid of the pass-phrase -dialog at Apache startup time?</a></li> -<li><a href="#verify">How do I verify that a private key matches its -Certificate?</a></li> -<li><a href="#badcert">Why do connections fail with an "alert bad -certificate" error?</a></li> -<li><a href="#keysize">Why does my 2048-bit private key not work?</a></li> -<li><a href="#hashsymlinks">Why is client authentication broken after -upgrading from SSLeay version 0.8 to 0.9?</a></li> -<li><a href="#pemder">How can I convert a certificate from PEM to DER -format?</a></li> -<li><a href="#verisign">Why can't I find the -<code>getca</code> or <code>getverisign</code> programs mentioned by -Verisign, for installing my Verisign certificate?</a></li> -<li><a href="#sgc">Can I use the Server Gated Cryptography (SGC) -facility (aka Verisign Global ID) with mod_ssl?</a></li> -<li><a href="#gid">Why do browsers complain that they cannot -verify my Verisign Global ID server certificate?</a></li> -</ul> - -<h3><a name="keyscerts" id="keyscerts">What are RSA Private Keys, CSRs and Certificates?</a></h3> -<p>An RSA private key file is a digital file that you can use to decrypt - messages sent to you. It has a public component which you distribute (via - your Certificate file) which allows people to encrypt those messages to - you.</p> - <p>A Certificate Signing Request (CSR) is a digital file which contains - your public key and your name. You send the CSR to a Certifying Authority - (CA), who will convert it into a real Certificate, by signing it.</p> - <p>A Certificate contains your - RSA public key, your name, the name of the CA, and is digitally signed by - the CA. Browsers that know the CA can verify the signature on that - Certificate, thereby obtaining your RSA public key. That enables them to - send messages which only you can decrypt.</p> - <p>See the <a href="ssl_intro.html">Introduction</a> chapter for a general - description of the SSL protocol.</p> - - -<h3><a name="startup" id="startup">Is there a difference on startup between - a non-SSL-aware Apache and an SSL-aware Apache?</a></h3> -<p>Yes. In general, starting Apache with - <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> built-in is just like starting Apache - without it. However, if you have a passphrase on your SSL private - key file, a startup dialog will pop up which asks you to enter the - pass phrase.</p> - - <p>Having to manually enter the passphrase when starting the server - can be problematic - for example, when starting the server from the - system boot scripts. In this case, you can follow the steps - <a href="#removepassphrase">below</a> to remove the passphrase from - your private key. Bear in mind that doing so brings additional security - risks - proceed with caution!</p> - - -<h3><a name="selfcert" id="selfcert">How do I create a self-signed SSL -Certificate for testing purposes?</a></h3> - <ol> - <li>Make sure OpenSSL is installed and in your <code>PATH</code>.<br /> - <br /> - </li> - <li>Run the following command, to create <code>server.key</code> and - <code>server.crt</code> files:<br /> - <code><strong>$ openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -out server.crt - -keyout server.key</strong></code><br /> - These can be used as follows in your <code>httpd.conf</code> - file: - <pre> - SSLCertificateFile /path/to/this/server.crt - SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/this/server.key - </pre> - </li> - <li>It is important that you are aware that this - <code>server.key</code> does <em>not</em> have any passphrase. - To add a passphrase to the key, you should run the following - command, and enter & verify the passphrase as requested.<br /> - <p><code><strong>$ openssl rsa -des3 -in server.key -out - server.key.new</strong></code><br /> - <code><strong>$ mv server.key.new server.key</strong></code><br /></p> - Please backup the <code>server.key</code> file, and the passphrase - you entered, in a secure location. - </li> - </ol> - - -<h3><a name="realcert" id="realcert">How do I create a real SSL Certificate?</a></h3> -<p>Here is a step-by-step description:</p> - <ol> - <li>Make sure OpenSSL is installed and in your <code>PATH</code>. - <br /> - <br /> - </li> - <li>Create a RSA private key for your Apache server - (will be Triple-DES encrypted and PEM formatted):<br /> - <br /> - <code><strong>$ openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024</strong></code><br /> - <br /> - Please backup this <code>server.key</code> file and the - pass-phrase you entered in a secure location. - You can see the details of this RSA private key by using the command:<br /> - - <br /> - <code><strong>$ openssl rsa -noout -text -in server.key</strong></code><br /> - <br /> - If necessary, you can also create a decrypted PEM version (not - recommended) of this RSA private key with:<br /> - <br /> - <code><strong>$ openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key.unsecure</strong></code><br /> - <br /> - - </li> - <li>Create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) with the server RSA private - key (output will be PEM formatted):<br /> - <br /> - <code><strong>$ openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr</strong></code><br /> - <br /> - Make sure you enter the FQDN ("Fully Qualified Domain Name") of the - server when OpenSSL prompts you for the "CommonName", i.e. when you - generate a CSR for a website which will be later accessed via - <code>https://www.foo.dom/</code>, enter "www.foo.dom" here. - You can see the details of this CSR by using<br /> - - <br /> - <code><strong>$ openssl req -noout -text -in server.csr</strong></code><br /> - <br /> - </li> - <li>You now have to send this Certificate Signing Request (CSR) to - a Certifying Authority (CA) to be signed. Once the CSR has been - signed, you will have a real Certificate, which can be used by - Apache. You can have a CSR signed by a commercial CA, or you can - create your own CA to sign it.<br /> - Commercial CAs usually ask you to post the CSR into a web form, - pay for the signing, and then send a signed Certificate, which - you can store in a server.crt file. For more information about - commercial CAs see the following locations:<br /> - <br /> - <ol> - <li> Verisign<br /> - <a href="http://digitalid.verisign.com/server/apacheNotice.htm"> - http://digitalid.verisign.com/server/apacheNotice.htm - </a> - </li> - <li> Thawte<br /> - <a href="http://www.thawte.com/">http://www.thawte.com/</a> - </li> - <li> CertiSign Certificadora Digital Ltda.<br /> - <a href="http://www.certisign.com.br"> - http://www.certisign.com.br - </a> - </li> - <li> IKS GmbH<br /> - <a href="http://www.iks-jena.de/leistungen/ca/"> - http://www.iks-jena.de/leistungen/ca/ - </a> - </li> - <li> Uptime Commerce Ltd.<br /> - <a href="http://www.uptimecommerce.com"> - http://www.uptimecommerce.com - </a> - </li> - <li> BelSign NV/SA<br /> - <a href="http://www.belsign.be"> - http://www.belsign.be - </a> - </li> - </ol> - - For details on how to create your own CA, and use this to sign - a CSR, see <a href="#ownca">below</a>.<br /> - - Once your CSR has been signed, you can see the details of the - Certificate as follows:<br /> - <br /> - <code><strong>$ openssl x509 -noout -text -in server.crt</strong></code><br /> - - </li> - <li>You should now have two files: <code>server.key</code> and - <code>server.crt</code>. These can be used as follows in your - <code>httpd.conf</code> file: - <pre> - SSLCertificateFile /path/to/this/server.crt - SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/this/server.key - </pre> - The <code>server.csr</code> file is no longer needed. - </li> - - </ol> - - -<h3><a name="ownca" id="ownca">How do I create and use my own Certificate Authority (CA)?</a></h3> - <p>The short answer is to use the <code>CA.sh</code> or <code>CA.pl</code> - script provided by OpenSSL. Unless you have a good reason not to, - you should use these for preference. If you cannot, you can create a - self-signed Certificate as follows:</p> - - <ol> - <li>Create a RSA private key for your server - (will be Triple-DES encrypted and PEM formatted):<br /> - <br /> - <code><strong>$ openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024</strong></code><br /> - <br /> - Please backup this <code>host.key</code> file and the - pass-phrase you entered in a secure location. - You can see the details of this RSA private key by using the - command:<br /> - <code><strong>$ openssl rsa -noout -text -in server.key</strong></code><br /> - <br /> - If necessary, you can also create a decrypted PEM version (not - recommended) of this RSA private key with:<br /> - <br /> - <code><strong>$ openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key.unsecure</strong></code><br /> - <br /> - </li> - <li>Create a self-signed Certificate (X509 structure) - with the RSA key you just created (output will be PEM formatted):<br /> - <br /> - <code><strong>$ openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -sha1 -days 365 - -key server.key -out server.crt</strong></code><br /> - <br /> - This signs the server CSR and results in a <code>server.crt</code> file.<br /> - You can see the details of this Certificate using:<br /> - <br /> - <code><strong>$ openssl x509 -noout -text -in server.crt</strong></code><br /> - <br /> - </li> - </ol> - - -<h3><a name="passphrase" id="passphrase">How can I change the pass-phrase on my private key file?</a></h3> -<p>You simply have to read it with the old pass-phrase and write it again, - specifying the new pass-phrase. You can accomplish this with the following - commands:</p> - - - <p><code><strong>$ openssl rsa -des3 -in server.key -out server.key.new</strong></code><br /> - <code><strong>$ mv server.key.new server.key</strong></code><br /></p> - - <p>The first time you're asked for a PEM pass-phrase, you should - enter the old pass-phrase. After that, you'll be asked again to - enter a pass-phrase - this time, use the new pass-phrase. If you - are asked to verify the pass-phrase, you'll need to enter the new - pass-phrase a second time.</p> - - -<h3><a name="removepassphrase" id="removepassphrase">How can I get rid of the pass-phrase dialog at Apache startup time?</a></h3> -<p>The reason this dialog pops up at startup and every re-start - is that the RSA private key inside your server.key file is stored in - encrypted format for security reasons. The pass-phrase is needed to decrypt - this file, so it can be read and parsed. Removing the pass-phrase - removes a layer of security from your server - proceed with caution!</p> - <ol> - <li>Remove the encryption from the RSA private key (while - keeping a backup copy of the original file):<br /> - <br /> - <code><strong>$ cp server.key server.key.org</strong></code><br /> - <code><strong>$ openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key</strong></code><br /> - - <br /> - </li> - <li>Make sure the server.key file is only readable by root:<br /> - <br /> - <code><strong>$ chmod 400 server.key</strong></code><br /> - <br /> - </li> - </ol> - - <p>Now <code>server.key</code> contains an unencrypted copy of the key. - If you point your server at this file, it will not prompt you for a - pass-phrase. HOWEVER, if anyone gets this key they will be able to - impersonate you on the net. PLEASE make sure that the permissions on this - file are such that only root or the web server user can read it - (preferably get your web server to start as root but run as another - user, and have the key readable only by root).</p> - - <p>As an alternative approach you can use the ``<code>SSLPassPhraseDialog - exec:/path/to/program</code>'' facility. Bear in mind that this is - neither more nor less secure, of course.</p> - - -<h3><a name="verify" id="verify">How do I verify that a private key matches its Certificate?</a></h3> -<p>A private key contains a series of numbers. Two of these numbers form - the "public key", the others are part of the "private key". The "public - key" bits are included when you generate a CSR, and subsequently form - part of the associated Certificate.</p> - <p>To check that the public key in your Certificate matches the public - portion of your private key, you simply need to compare these numbers. - To view the Certificate and the key run the commands:</p> - - <p><code><strong>$ openssl x509 -noout -text -in server.crt</strong></code><br /> - <code><strong>$ openssl rsa -noout -text -in server.key</strong></code></p> - - <p>The `modulus' and the `public exponent' portions in the key and the - Certificate must match. As the public exponent is usually 65537 - and it's difficult to visually check that the long modulus numbers - are the same, you can use the following approach:</p> - - <p><code><strong>$ openssl x509 -noout -modulus -in server.crt | openssl md5</strong></code><br /> - <code><strong>$ openssl rsa -noout -modulus -in server.key | openssl md5</strong></code></p> - - <p>This leaves you with two rather shorter numbers to compare. It is, - in theory, possible that these numbers may be the same, without the - modulus numbers being the same, but the chances of this are - overwhelmingly remote.</p> - <p>Should you wish to check to which key or certificate a particular - CSR belongs you can perform the same calculation on the CSR as - follows:</p> - - <p><code><strong>$ openssl req -noout -modulus -in server.csr | openssl md5</strong></code></p> - - -<h3><a name="badcert" id="badcert">Why do connections fail with an "alert -bad certificate" error?</a></h3> -<p>Errors such as <code>OpenSSL: error:14094412: SSL - routines:SSL3_READ_BYTES:sslv3 alert bad certificate</code> in the SSL - logfile, are usually caused by a browser which is unable to handle the server - certificate/private-key. For example, Netscape Navigator 3.x is - unable to handle RSA key lengths not equal to 1024 bits.</p> - - -<h3><a name="keysize" id="keysize">Why does my 2048-bit private key not work?</a></h3> -<p>The private key sizes for SSL must be either 512 or 1024 bits, for compatibility - with certain web browsers. A keysize of 1024 bits is recommended because - keys larger than 1024 bits are incompatible with some versions of Netscape - Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer, and with other browsers that - use RSA's BSAFE cryptography toolkit.</p> - - -<h3><a name="hashsymlinks" id="hashsymlinks">Why is client authentication broken after upgrading from -SSLeay version 0.8 to 0.9?</a></h3> -<p>The CA certificates under the path you configured with - <code>SSLCACertificatePath</code> are found by SSLeay through hash - symlinks. These hash values are generated by the `<code>openssl x509 -noout - -hash</code>' command. However, the algorithm used to calculate the hash for a - certificate changed between SSLeay 0.8 and 0.9. You will need to remove - all old hash symlinks and create new ones after upgrading. Use the - <code>Makefile</code> provided by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code>.</p> - - -<h3><a name="pemder" id="pemder">How can I convert a certificate from PEM to DER format?</a></h3> -<p>The default certificate format for SSLeay/OpenSSL is PEM, which is simply - Base64 encoded DER, with header and footer lines. For some applications - (e.g. Microsoft Internet Explorer) you need the certificate in plain DER - format. You can convert a PEM file <code>cert.pem</code> into the - corresponding DER file <code>cert.der</code> using the following command: - <code><strong>$ openssl x509 -in cert.pem -out cert.der -outform DER</strong></code></p> - - -<h3><a name="verisign" id="verisign">Why can't I find the -<code>getca</code> or <code>getverisign</code> programs mentioned by -Verisign, for installing my Verisign certificate?</a></h3> -<p>Verisign has never provided specific instructions - for Apache+mod_ssl. The instructions provided are for C2Net's - Stronghold (a commercial Apache based server with SSL support).</p> - <p>To install your certificate, all you need to do is to save the - certificate to a file, and give the name of that file to the - <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslcertificatefile">SSLCertificateFile</a></code> directive. - You will also need to give it the key file. For more information, - see the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslcertificatekeyfile">SSLCertificateKeyFile</a></code> - directive.</p> - - -<h3><a name="sgc" id="sgc">Can I use the Server Gated Cryptography (SGC) -facility (aka Verisign Global ID) with mod_ssl?</a></h3> -<p>Yes. <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> has included support for the SGC - facility since version 2.1. No special configuration is required - - just use the Global ID as your server certificate. The - <em>step up</em> of the clients is then automatically handled by - <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> at run-time.</p> - - -<h3><a name="gid" id="gid">Why do browsers complain that they cannot -verify my Verisign Global ID server certificate?</a></h3> -<p>Verisign uses an intermediate CA certificate between the root CA - certificate (which is installed in the browsers) and the server - certificate (which you installed on the server). You should have - received this additional CA certificate from Verisign. - If not, complain to them. Then, configure this certificate with the - <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslcertificatechainfile">SSLCertificateChainFile</a></code> - directive. This ensures that the intermediate CA certificate is - sent to the browser, filling the gap in the certificate chain.</p> - -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="aboutssl" id="aboutssl">The SSL Protocol</a></h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="#random">Why do I get lots of random SSL protocol -errors under heavy server load?</a></li> -<li><a href="#load">Why does my webserver have a higher load, now -that it serves SSL encrypted traffic?</a></li> -<li><a href="#establishing">Why do HTTPS connections to my server -sometimes take up to 30 seconds to establish a connection?</a></li> -<li><a href="#ciphers">What SSL Ciphers are supported by mod_ssl?</a></li> -<li><a href="#adh">Why do I get ``no shared cipher'' errors, when -trying to use Anonymous Diffie-Hellman (ADH) ciphers?</a></li> -<li><a href="#sharedciphers">Why do I get a 'no shared ciphers' -error when connecting to my newly installed server?</a></li> -<li><a href="#vhosts">Why can't I use SSL with name-based/non-IP-based -virtual hosts?</a></li> -<li><a href="#vhosts2">Why is it not possible to use Name-Based Virtual -Hosting to identify different SSL virtual hosts?</a></li> -<li><a href="#comp">How do I get SSL compression working?</a></li> -<li><a href="#lockicon">When I use Basic Authentication over HTTPS -the lock icon in Netscape browsers stays unlocked when the dialog pops up. -Does this mean the username/password is being sent unencrypted?</a></li> -<li><a href="#msie">Why do I get I/O errors when connecting via -HTTPS to an Apache+mod_ssl server with Microsoft Internet Explorer -(MSIE)?</a></li> -<li><a href="#nn">Why do I get I/O errors, or the message "Netscape has -encountered bad data from the server", when connecting via -HTTPS to an Apache+mod_ssl server with Netscape Navigator?</a></li> -</ul> - -<h3><a name="random" id="random">Why do I get lots of random SSL protocol -errors under heavy server load?</a></h3> -<p>There can be a number of reasons for this, but the main one - is problems with the SSL session Cache specified by the - <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslsessioncache">SSLSessionCache</a></code> directive. The DBM session - cache is the most likely source of the problem, so using the SHM session cache (or - no cache at all) may help.</p> - - -<h3><a name="load" id="load">Why does my webserver have a higher load, now -that it serves SSL encrypted traffic?</a></h3> -<p>SSL uses strong cryptographic encryption, which necessitates a lot of - number crunching. When you request a webpage via HTTPS, everything (even - the images) is encrypted before it is transferred. So increased HTTPS - traffic leads to load increases.</p> - - -<h3><a name="establishing" id="establishing">Why do HTTPS connections to my server -sometimes take up to 30 seconds to establish a connection?</a></h3> -<p>This is usually caused by a <code>/dev/random</code> device for - <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslrandomseed">SSLRandomSeed</a></code> which blocks the - read(2) call until enough entropy is available to service the - request. More information is available in the reference - manual for the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslrandomseed">SSLRandomSeed</a></code> - directive.</p> - - -<h3><a name="ciphers" id="ciphers">What SSL Ciphers are supported by mod_ssl?</a></h3> -<p>Usually, any SSL ciphers supported by the version of OpenSSL in use, - are also supported by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code>. Which ciphers are - available can depend on the way you built OpenSSL. Typically, at - least the following ciphers are supported:</p> - - <ol> - <li>RC4 with MD5</li> - <li>RC4 with MD5 (export version restricted to 40-bit key)</li> - <li>RC2 with MD5</li> - <li>RC2 with MD5 (export version restricted to 40-bit key)</li> - <li>IDEA with MD5</li> - <li>DES with MD5</li> - <li>Triple-DES with MD5</li> - </ol> - - <p>To determine the actual list of ciphers available, you should run - the following:</p> - <div class="example"><p><code>$ openssl ciphers -v</code></p></div> - - -<h3><a name="adh" id="adh">Why do I get ``no shared cipher'' errors, when -trying to use Anonymous Diffie-Hellman (ADH) ciphers?</a></h3> -<p>By default, OpenSSL does <em>not</em> allow ADH ciphers, for security - reasons. Please be sure you are aware of the potential side-effects - if you choose to enable these ciphers.</p> - <p>In order to use Anonymous Diffie-Hellman (ADH) ciphers, you must - build OpenSSL with ``<code>-DSSL_ALLOW_ADH</code>'', and then add - ``<code>ADH</code>'' into your <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslciphersuite">SSLCipherSuite</a></code>.</p> - - -<h3><a name="sharedciphers" id="sharedciphers">Why do I get a 'no shared ciphers' -error when connecting to my newly installed server?</a></h3> -<p>Either you have made a mistake with your - <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslciphersuite">SSLCipherSuite</a></code> - directive (compare it with the pre-configured example in - <code>httpd.conf-dist</code>) or you chose to use DSA/DH - algorithms instead of RSA when you generated your private key - and ignored or overlooked the warnings. If you have chosen - DSA/DH, then your server cannot communicate using RSA-based SSL - ciphers (at least until you configure an additional RSA-based - certificate/key pair). Modern browsers like NS or IE can only - communicate over SSL using RSA ciphers. The result is the - "no shared ciphers" error. To fix this, regenerate your server - certificate/key pair, using the RSA algorithm.</p> - - -<h3><a name="vhosts" id="vhosts">Why can't I use SSL with name-based/non-IP-based virtual hosts?</a></h3> -<p>The reason is very technical, and a somewhat "chicken and egg" problem. - The SSL protocol layer stays below the HTTP protocol layer and - encapsulates HTTP. When an SSL connection (HTTPS) is established - Apache/mod_ssl has to negotiate the SSL protocol parameters with the - client. For this, mod_ssl has to consult the configuration of the virtual - server (for instance it has to look for the cipher suite, the server - certificate, etc.). But in order to go to the correct virtual server - Apache has to know the <code>Host</code> HTTP header field. To do this, the - HTTP request header has to be read. This cannot be done before the SSL - handshake is finished, but the information is needed in order to - complete the SSL handshake phase. Bingo!</p> - - -<h3><a name="vhosts2" id="vhosts2">Why is it not possible to use Name-Based -Virtual Hosting to identify different SSL virtual hosts?</a></h3> - <p>Name-Based Virtual Hosting is a very popular method of identifying - different virtual hosts. It allows you to use the same IP address and - the same port number for many different sites. When people move on to - SSL, it seems natural to assume that the same method can be used to have - lots of different SSL virtual hosts on the same server.</p> - - <p>It comes as rather a shock to learn that it is impossible.</p> - - <p>The reason is that the SSL protocol is a separate layer which - encapsulates the HTTP protocol. So the SSL session is a separate - transaction, that takes place before the HTTP session has begun. - The server receives an SSL request on IP address X and port Y - (usually 443). Since the SSL request does not contain any Host: - field, the server has no way to decide which SSL virtual host to use. - Usually, it will just use the first one it finds, which matches the - port and IP address specified.</p> - - <p>You can, of course, use Name-Based Virtual Hosting to identify many - non-SSL virtual hosts (all on port 80, for example) and then - have a single SSL virtual host (on port 443). But if you do this, - you must make sure to put the non-SSL port number on the NameVirtualHost - directive, e.g.</p> - - <div class="example"><p><code> - NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.1:80 - </code></p></div> - - <p>Other workaround solutions include: </p> - - <p>Using separate IP addresses for different SSL hosts. - Using different port numbers for different SSL hosts.</p> - - -<h3><a name="comp" id="comp">How do I get SSL compression working?</a></h3> -<p>Although SSL compression negotiation was defined in the specification -of SSLv2 and TLS, it took until May 2004 for RFC 3749 to define DEFLATE as -a negotiable standard compression method. -</p> -<p>OpenSSL 0.9.8 started to support this by default when compiled with the -<code>zlib</code> option. If both the client and the server support compression, -it will be used. However, most clients still try to initially connect with an -SSLv2 Hello. As SSLv2 did not include an array of prefered compression algorithms -in its handshake, compression cannot be negotiated with these clients. -If the client disables support for SSLv2, either an SSLv3 or TLS Hello -may be sent, depending on which SSL library is used, and compression may -be set up. You can verify whether clients make use of SSL compression by -logging the <code>%{SSL_COMPRESS_METHOD}x</code> variable. -</p> - - -<h3><a name="lockicon" id="lockicon">When I use Basic Authentication over HTTPS -the lock icon in Netscape browsers stays unlocked when the dialog pops up. -Does this mean the username/password is being sent unencrypted?</a></h3> -<p>No, the username/password is transmitted encrypted. The icon in - Netscape browsers is not actually synchronized with the SSL/TLS layer. - It only toggles to the locked state when the first part of the actual - webpage data is transferred, which may confuse people. The Basic - Authentication facility is part of the HTTP layer, which is above - the SSL/TLS layer in HTTPS. Before any HTTP data communication takes - place in HTTPS, the SSL/TLS layer has already completed its handshake - phase, and switched to encrypted communication. So don't be - confused by this icon.</p> - - -<h3><a name="msie" id="msie">Why do I get I/O errors when connecting via -HTTPS to an Apache+mod_ssl server with Microsoft Internet Explorer (MSIE)?</a></h3> -<p>The first reason is that the SSL implementation in some MSIE versions has - some subtle bugs related to the HTTP keep-alive facility and the SSL close - notify alerts on socket connection close. Additionally the interaction - between SSL and HTTP/1.1 features are problematic in some MSIE versions. - You can work around these problems by forcing Apache not to use HTTP/1.1, - keep-alive connections or send the SSL close notify messages to MSIE clients. - This can be done by using the following directive in your SSL-aware - virtual host section:</p> - <div class="example"><p><code> - SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*MSIE.*" \<br /> - nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \<br /> - downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 - </code></p></div> - <p>Further, some MSIE versions have problems with particular ciphers. - Unfortunately, it is not possible to implement a MSIE-specific - workaround for this, because the ciphers are needed as early as the - SSL handshake phase. So a MSIE-specific - <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> won't solve these - problems. Instead, you will have to make more drastic - adjustments to the global parameters. Before you decide to do - this, make sure your clients really have problems. If not, do not - make these changes - they will affect <em>all</em> your clients, MSIE - or otherwise.</p> - - <p>The next problem is that 56bit export versions of MSIE 5.x - browsers have a broken SSLv3 implementation, which interacts badly - with OpenSSL versions greater than 0.9.4. You can accept this and - require your clients to upgrade their browsers, you can downgrade to - OpenSSL 0.9.4 (not advised), or you can work around this, accepting - that your workaround will affect other browsers too:</p> - <div class="example"><p><code>SSLProtocol all -SSLv3</code></p></div> - <p>will completely disables the SSLv3 protocol and allow those - browsers to work. A better workaround is to disable only those - ciphers which cause trouble.</p> - <div class="example"><p><code>SSLCipherSuite - ALL:!ADH:<strong>!EXPORT56</strong>:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP</code> - </p></div> - - <p>This also allows the broken MSIE versions to work, but only removes the - newer 56bit TLS ciphers.</p> - - <p>Another problem with MSIE 5.x clients is that they refuse to connect to - URLs of the form <code>https://12.34.56.78/</code> (where IP-addresses are used - instead of the hostname), if the server is using the Server Gated - Cryptography (SGC) facility. This can only be avoided by using the fully - qualified domain name (FQDN) of the website in hyperlinks instead, because - MSIE 5.x has an error in the way it handles the SGC negotiation.</p> - - <p>And finally there are versions of MSIE which seem to require that - an SSL session can be reused (a totally non standard-conforming - behaviour, of course). Connecting with those MSIE versions only work - if a SSL session cache is used. So, as a work-around, make sure you - are using a session cache (see the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslsessioncache">SSLSessionCache</a></code> directive).</p> - - -<h3><a name="nn" id="nn">Why do I get I/O errors, or the message "Netscape has -encountered bad data from the server", when connecting via -HTTPS to an Apache+mod_ssl server with Netscape Navigator?</a></h3> -<p> - This usually occurs when you have created a new server certificate for - a given domain, but had previously told your browser to always accept - the old server certificate. Once you clear the entry for the old - certificate from your browser, everything should be fine. Netscape's SSL - implementation is correct, so when you encounter I/O errors with Netscape - Navigator it is usually caused by the configured certificates.</p> - -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="support" id="support">mod_ssl Support</a></h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="#resources">What information resources are available in -case of mod_ssl problems?</a></li> -<li><a href="#contact">What support contacts are available in case of -mod_ssl problems?</a></li> -<li><a href="#reportdetails">What information should I -provide when writing a bug report?</a></li> -<li><a href="#coredumphelp">I had a core dump, can you help me?</a></li> -<li><a href="#backtrace">How do I get a backtrace, to help find the reason -for my core dump?</a></li> -</ul> - -<h3><a name="resources" id="resources">What information resources are available in case of mod_ssl problems?</a></h3> -<p>The following information resources are available. - In case of problems you should search here first.</p> - - <dl> - <dt>Answers in the User Manual's F.A.Q. List (this)</dt> - <dd><a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/ssl/ssl_faq.html"> - http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/ssl/ssl_faq.html</a><br /> - First check the F.A.Q. (this text). If your problem is a common - one, it may have been answered several times before, and been included - in this doc. - </dd> - <dt>Postings from the modssl-users Support Mailing List - <a href="http://www.modssl.org/support/">http://www.modssl.org/support/</a></dt> - <dd>Search for your problem in the archives of the modssl-users mailing list. - You're probably not the first person to have had this problem! - </dd> - </dl> - - -<h3><a name="contact" id="contact">What support contacts are available in case -of mod_ssl problems?</a></h3> - <p>The following lists all support possibilities for mod_ssl, in order of - preference. Please go through these possibilities - <em>in this order</em> - don't just pick the one you like the look of. </p> - <ol> - <li><em>Send a Problem Report to the modssl-users Support Mailing List</em><br /> - <a href="mailto:modssl-users@modssl.org"> - modssl-users@modssl.org</a><br /> - This is the preferred way of submitting your problem report, because this way, - others can see the problem, and learn from any answers. You must subscribe to - the list first, but you can then easily discuss your problem with both the - author and the whole mod_ssl user community. - </li> - - <li><em>Send a Problem Report to the Apache httpd Users Support Mailing List</em><br /> - <a href="mailto:users@httpd.apache.org"> - users@httpd.apache.org</a><br /> - This is the second way of submitting your problem report. Again, you must - subscribe to the list first, but you can then easily discuss your problem - with the whole Apache httpd user community. - </li> - - <li><em>Write a Problem Report in the Bug Database</em><br /> - <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/bug_report.html"> - http://httpd.apache.org/bug_report.html</a><br /> - This is the last way of submitting your problem report. You should only - do this if you've already posted to the mailing lists, and had no success. - Please follow the instructions on the above page <em>carefully</em>. - </li> - </ol> - - -<h3><a name="reportdetails" id="reportdetails">What information should I -provide when writing a bug report?</a></h3> -<p>You should always provide at least the following information:</p> - - <dl> - <dt>Apache and OpenSSL version information</dt> - <dd>The Apache version can be determined - by running <code>httpd -v</code>. The OpenSSL version can be - determined by running <code>openssl version</code>. Alternatively, if - you have Lynx installed, you can run the command <code>lynx -mime_header - http://localhost/ | grep Server</code> to gather this information in a - single step. - </dd> - - <dt>The details on how you built and installed Apache+mod_ssl+OpenSSL</dt> - <dd>For this you can provide a logfile of your terminal session which shows - the configuration and install steps. If this is not possible, you - should at least provide the <code class="program"><a href="../programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> command line you used. - </dd> - - <dt>In case of core dumps please include a Backtrace</dt> - <dd>If your Apache+mod_ssl+OpenSSL dumps its core, please attach - a stack-frame ``backtrace'' (see <a href="#backtrace">below</a> - for information on how to get this). This information is required - in order to find a reason for your core dump. - </dd> - - <dt>A detailed description of your problem</dt> - <dd>Don't laugh, we really mean it! Many problem reports don't - include a description of what the actual problem is. Without this, - it's very difficult for anyone to help you. So, it's in your own - interest (you want the problem be solved, don't you?) to include as - much detail as possible, please. Of course, you should still include - all the essentials above too. - </dd> - </dl> - - -<h3><a name="coredumphelp" id="coredumphelp">I had a core dump, can you help me?</a></h3> -<p>In general no, at least not unless you provide more details about the code - location where Apache dumped core. What is usually always required in - order to help you is a backtrace (see next question). Without this - information it is mostly impossible to find the problem and help you in - fixing it.</p> - - -<h3><a name="backtrace" id="backtrace">How do I get a backtrace, to help find -the reason for my core dump?</a></h3> -<p>Following are the steps you will need to complete, to get a backtrace:</p> - <ol> - <li>Make sure you have debugging symbols available, at least - in Apache. On platforms where you use GCC/GDB, you will have to build - Apache+mod_ssl with ``<code>OPTIM="-g -ggdb3"</code>'' to get this. On - other platforms at least ``<code>OPTIM="-g"</code>'' is needed. - </li> - - <li>Start the server and try to reproduce the core-dump. For this you may - want to use a directive like ``<code>CoreDumpDirectory /tmp</code>'' to - make sure that the core-dump file can be written. This should result - in a <code>/tmp/core</code> or <code>/tmp/httpd.core</code> file. If you - don't get one of these, try running your server under a non-root UID. - Many modern kernels do not allow a process to dump core after it has - done a <code>setuid()</code> (unless it does an <code>exec()</code>) for - security reasons (there can be privileged information left over in - memory). If necessary, you can run <code>/path/to/httpd -X</code> - manually to force Apache to not fork. - </li> - - <li>Analyze the core-dump. For this, run <code>gdb /path/to/httpd - /tmp/httpd.core</code> or a similar command. In GDB, all you - have to do then is to enter <code>bt</code>, and voila, you get the - backtrace. For other debuggers consult your local debugger manual. - </li> - </ol> - -</div></div> -<div class="bottomlang"> -<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/ssl/ssl_faq.html" title="English"> en </a></p> -</div><div id="footer"> -<p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p> -<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div> -</body></html>
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