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diff --git a/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/sections.html.en b/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/sections.html.en new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a17c7918 --- /dev/null +++ b/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/sections.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,457 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Configuration Sections - Apache HTTP Server</title> +<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /> +<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p> +<img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.0</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Configuration Sections</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/sections.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/sections.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./ja/sections.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/sections.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/sections.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> + <p>Directives in the <a href="configuring.html">configuration files</a> may apply to the +entire server, or they may be restricted to apply only to particular +directories, files, hosts, or URLs. This document describes how to +use configuration section containers or <code>.htaccess</code> files +to change the scope of other configuration directives.</p> +</div> +<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#types">Types of Configuration Section Containers</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#file-and-web">Filesystem and Webspace</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">Virtual Hosts</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxy">Proxy</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#whatwhere">What Directives are Allowed?</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#mergin">How the sections are merged</a></li> +</ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="types" id="types">Types of Configuration Section Containers</a></h2> + +<table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxy"><Proxy></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxymatch"><ProxyMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table> + +<p>There are two basic types of containers. Most containers are +evaluated for each request. The enclosed directives are applied only +for those requests that match the containers. The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code> containers, on the +other hand, are evaluated only at server startup and restart. If +their conditions are true at startup, then the enclosed directives +will apply to all requests. If the conditions are not true, the +enclosed directives will be ignored.</p> + +<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code> directive +encloses directives that will only be applied if an appropriate +parameter is defined on the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> command line. For example, +with the following configuration, all requests will be redirected +to another site only if the server is started using +<code>httpd -DClosedForNow</code>:</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +<IfDefine ClosedForNow><br /> +Redirect / http://otherserver.example.com/<br /> +</IfDefine> +</code></p></div> + +<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code> +directive is very similar, except it encloses directives that will +only be applied if a particular module is available in the server. +The module must either be statically compiled in the server, or it +must be dynamically compiled and its <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></code> line must be earlier in the +configuration file. This directive should only be used if you need +your configuration file to work whether or not certain modules are +installed. It should not be used to enclose directives that you want +to work all the time, because it can suppress useful error messages +about missing modules.</p> + +<p>In the following example, the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_mime_magic.html#mimemagicfiles">MimeMagicFiles</a></code> directive will be +applied only if <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_mime_magic.html">mod_mime_magic</a></code> is available.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +<IfModule mod_mime_magic.c><br /> +MimeMagicFile conf/magic<br /> +</IfModule> +</code></p></div> + +<p>Both <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code> +and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code> +can apply negative conditions by preceding their test with "!". +Also, these sections can be nested to achieve more complex +restrictions.</p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="file-and-web" id="file-and-web">Filesystem and Webspace</a></h2> + +<p>The most commonly used configuration section containers are the +ones that change the configuration of particular places in the +filesystem or webspace. First, it is important to understand the +difference between the two. The filesystem is the view of your disks +as seen by your operating system. For example, in a default install, +Apache resides at <code>/usr/local/apache2</code> in the Unix +filesystem or <code>"c:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2"</code> in +the Windows filesystem. (Note that forward slashes should always be +used as the path separator in Apache, even for Windows.) In contrast, +the webspace is the view of your site as delivered by the web server +and seen by the client. So the path <code>/dir/</code> in the +webspace corresponds to the path +<code>/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/dir/</code> in the filesystem of a +default Apache install on Unix. The webspace need not map directly to +the filesystem, since webpages may be generated dynamically +from databases or other locations.</p> + +<h3><a name="filesystem" id="filesystem">Filesystem Containers</a></h3> + +<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> +and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> +directives, along with their regex counterparts, apply directives to +parts of the filesystem. Directives enclosed in a <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> section apply to +the named filesystem directory and all subdirectories of that +directory. The same effect can be obtained using <a href="howto/htaccess.html">.htaccess files</a>. For example, in the +following configuration, directory indexes will be enabled for the +<code>/var/web/dir1</code> directory and all subdirectories.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +<Directory /var/web/dir1><br /> +Options +Indexes<br /> +</Directory> +</code></p></div> + +<p>Directives enclosed in a <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> section apply to any file with +the specified name, regardless of what directory it lies in. +So for example, the following configuration directives will, +when placed in the main section of the configuration file, +deny access to any file named <code>private.html</code> regardless +of where it is found.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +<Files private.html><br /> +Order allow,deny<br /> +Deny from all<br /> +</Files> +</code></p></div> + +<p>To address files found in a particular part of the filesystem, the +<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> and +<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections +can be combined. For example, the following configuration will deny +access to <code>/var/web/dir1/private.html</code>, +<code>/var/web/dir1/subdir2/private.html</code>, +<code>/var/web/dir1/subdir3/private.html</code>, and any other instance +of <code>private.html</code> found under the <code>/var/web/dir1/</code> +directory.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +<Directory /var/web/dir1><br /> +<Files private.html><br /> +Order allow,deny<br /> +Deny from all<br /> +</Files><br /> +</Directory> +</code></p></div> + + +<h3><a name="webspace" id="webspace">Webspace Containers</a></h3> + +<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> +directive and its regex counterpart, on the other hand, change the +configuration for content in the webspace. For example, the following +configuration prevents access to any URL-path that begins in /private. +In particular, it will apply to requests for +<code>http://yoursite.example.com/private</code>, +<code>http://yoursite.example.com/private123</code>, and +<code>http://yoursite.example.com/private/dir/file.html</code> as well +as any other requests starting with the <code>/private</code> string.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +<Location /private><br /> +Order Allow,Deny<br /> +Deny from all<br /> +</Location> +</code></p></div> + +<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> +directive need not have anything to do with the filesystem. +For example, the following example shows how to map a particular +URL to an internal Apache handler provided by <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code>. +No file called <code>server-status</code> needs to exist in the +filesystem.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +<Location /server-status><br /> +SetHandler server-status<br /> +</Location> +</code></p></div> + + +<h3><a name="wildcards" id="wildcards">Wildcards and Regular Expressions</a></h3> + +<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>, +<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>, and +<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> +directives can each use shell-style wildcard characters as in +<code>fnmatch</code> from the C standard library. The character "*" +matches any sequence of characters, "?" matches any single character, +and "[<em>seq</em>]" matches any character in <em>seq</em>. The "/" +character will not be matched by any wildcard; it must be specified +explicitly.</p> + +<p>If even more flexible matching is required, each +container has a regular-expression (regex) counterpart <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code> that allow +perl-compatible +<a href="glossary.html#regex">regular expressions</a> +to be used in choosing the matches. But see the section below on +configuration merging to find out how using regex sections will change +how directives are applied.</p> + +<p>A non-regex wildcard section that changes the configuration of +all user directories could look as follows:</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +<Directory /home/*/public_html><br /> +Options Indexes<br /> +</Directory> +</code></p></div> + +<p>Using regex sections, we can deny access to many types of image files +at once:</p> +<div class="example"><p><code> +<FilesMatch \.(?i:gif|jpe?g|png)$><br /> +Order allow,deny<br /> +Deny from all<br /> +</FilesMatch> +</code></p></div> + + + +<h3><a name="whichwhen" id="whichwhen">What to use When</a></h3> + +<p>Choosing between filesystem containers and webspace containers is +actually quite easy. When applying directives to objects that reside +in the filesystem always use <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>. When applying directives to objects +that do not reside in the filesystem (such as a webpage generated from +a database), use <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>.</p> + +<p>It is important to never use <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> when trying to restrict +access to objects in the filesystem. This is because many +different webspace locations (URLs) could map to the same filesystem +location, allowing your restrictions to be circumvented. +For example, consider the following configuration:</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +<Location /dir/><br /> +Order allow,deny<br /> +Deny from all<br /> +</Location> +</code></p></div> + +<p>This works fine if the request is for +<code>http://yoursite.example.com/dir/</code>. But what if you are on +a case-insensitive filesystem? Then your restriction could be easily +circumvented by requesting +<code>http://yoursite.example.com/DIR/</code>. The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> directive, in +contrast, will apply to any content served from that location, +regardless of how it is called. (An exception is filesystem links. +The same directory can be placed in more than one part of the +filesystem using symbolic links. The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> directive will follow the symbolic +link without resetting the pathname. Therefore, for the highest level +of security, symbolic links should be disabled with the appropriate +<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code> directive.)</p> + +<p>If you are, perhaps, thinking that none of this applies to you +because you use a case-sensitive filesystem, remember that there are +many other ways to map multiple webspace locations to the same +filesystem location. Therefore you should always use the filesystem +containers when you can. There is, however, one exception to this +rule. Putting configuration restrictions in a <code><Location +/></code> section is perfectly safe because this section will apply +to all requests regardless of the specific URL.</p> + + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">Virtual Hosts</a></h2> + +<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> +container encloses directives that apply to specific hosts. +This is useful when serving multiple hosts from the same machine +with a different configuration for each. For more information, +see the <a href="vhosts/">Virtual Host Documentation</a>.</p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Proxy</a></h2> + +<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxy"><Proxy></a></code> +and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxymatch"><ProxyMatch></a></code> +containers apply enclosed configuration directives only +to sites accessed through <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>'s proxy server +that match the specified URL. For example, the following configuration +will prevent the proxy server from being used to access the +<code>cnn.com</code> website.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +<Proxy http://cnn.com/*><br /> +Order allow,deny<br /> +Deny from all<br /> +</Proxy> +</code></p></div> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="whatwhere" id="whatwhere">What Directives are Allowed?</a></h2> + +<p>To find out what directives are allowed in what types of +configuration sections, check the <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Context</a> of the directive. +Everything that is allowed in +<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> +sections is also syntactically allowed in +<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code>, +<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>, +<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code>, +<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>, +<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code>, +<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxy"><Proxy></a></code>, +and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxymatch"><ProxyMatch></a></code> +sections. There are some exceptions, however:</p> + +<ul> +<li>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> directive +works only in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> +sections.</li> + +<li>The <code>FollowSymLinks</code> and +<code>SymLinksIfOwnerMatch</code> <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code> work only in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections or +<code>.htaccess</code> files.</li> + +<li>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code> directive cannot +be used in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> +and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code> +sections.</li> +</ul> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="mergin" id="mergin">How the sections are merged</a></h2> + +<p>The configuration sections are applied in a very particular order. +Since this can have important effects on how configuration directives +are interpreted, it is important to understand how this works.</p> + + <p>The order of merging is:</p> + + <ol> + <li> <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> (except regular expressions) + and <code>.htaccess</code> done simultaneously (with + <code>.htaccess</code>, if allowed, overriding + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>)</li> + + <li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code> + (and <code><Directory ~></code>)</li> + + <li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code> done + simultaneously</li> + + <li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> + and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code> done simultaneously</li> + </ol> + + <p>Apart from <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>, each group is processed in + the order that they appear in the configuration files. <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> (group 1 above) + is processed in the order shortest directory component to longest. + So for example, <code><Directory /var/web/dir></code> will + be processed before <code><Directory + /var/web/dir/subdir></code>. If multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections apply + to the same directory they are processed in the configuration file + order. Configurations included via the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#include">Include</a></code> directive will be treated as if + they were inside the including file at the location of the + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#include">Include</a></code> directive.</p> + + <p>Sections inside <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> sections + are applied <em>after</em> the corresponding sections outside + the virtual host definition. This allows virtual hosts to + override the main server configuration.</p> + + <p>Later sections override earlier ones.</p> + +<div class="note"><h3>Technical Note</h3> + There is actually a + <code><Location></code>/<code><LocationMatch></code> + sequence performed just before the name translation phase + (where <code>Aliases</code> and <code>DocumentRoots</code> + are used to map URLs to filenames). The results of this + sequence are completely thrown away after the translation has + completed. +</div> + +<h3><a name="merge-examples" id="merge-examples">Some Examples</a></h3> + +<p>Below is an artificial example to show the order of +merging. Assuming they all apply to the request, the directives in +this example will be applied in the order A > B > C > D > +E.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +<Location /><br /> +E<br /> +</Location><br /> +<br /> +<Files f.html><br /> +D<br /> +</Files><br /> +<br /> +<VirtualHost *><br /> +<Directory /a/b><br /> +B<br /> +</Directory><br /> +</VirtualHost><br /> +<br /> +<DirectoryMatch "^.*b$"><br /> +C<br /> +</DirectoryMatch><br /> +<br /> +<Directory /a/b><br /> +A<br /> +</Directory><br /> +<br /> +</code></p></div> + +<p>For a more concrete example, consider the following. Regardless of +any access restrictions placed in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections, the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> section will be +evaluated last and will allow unrestricted access to the server. In +other words, order of merging is important, so be careful!</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +<Location /><br /> +Order deny,allow<br /> +Allow from all<br /> +</Location><br /> +<br /> +# Woops! This <Directory> section will have no effect<br /> +<Directory /><br /> +Order allow,deny<br /> +Allow from all<br /> +Deny from badguy.example.com<br /> +</Directory> +</code></p></div> + + + +</div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/sections.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/sections.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./ja/sections.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/sections.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/sections.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div id="footer"> +<p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p> +<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div> +</body></html>
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