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diff --git a/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/sections.html.en b/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/sections.html.en deleted file mode 100644 index a17c7918..00000000 --- a/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/sections.html.en +++ /dev/null @@ -1,457 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!-- - XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX - This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT - XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX - --> -<title>Configuration Sections - Apache HTTP Server</title> -<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> -<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> -<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /> -<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> -<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> -<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> -<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p> -<img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div> -<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> -<div id="path"> -<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.0</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Configuration Sections</h1> -<div class="toplang"> -<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/sections.html" title="English"> en </a> | -<a href="./es/sections.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | -<a href="./ja/sections.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | -<a href="./ko/sections.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | -<a href="./tr/sections.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> -</div> - <p>Directives in the <a href="configuring.html">configuration files</a> may apply to the -entire server, or they may be restricted to apply only to particular -directories, files, hosts, or URLs. This document describes how to -use configuration section containers or <code>.htaccess</code> files -to change the scope of other configuration directives.</p> -</div> -<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#types">Types of Configuration Section Containers</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#file-and-web">Filesystem and Webspace</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">Virtual Hosts</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxy">Proxy</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#whatwhere">What Directives are Allowed?</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#mergin">How the sections are merged</a></li> -</ul></div> -<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="types" id="types">Types of Configuration Section Containers</a></h2> - -<table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxy"><Proxy></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxymatch"><ProxyMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table> - -<p>There are two basic types of containers. Most containers are -evaluated for each request. The enclosed directives are applied only -for those requests that match the containers. The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code> containers, on the -other hand, are evaluated only at server startup and restart. If -their conditions are true at startup, then the enclosed directives -will apply to all requests. If the conditions are not true, the -enclosed directives will be ignored.</p> - -<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code> directive -encloses directives that will only be applied if an appropriate -parameter is defined on the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> command line. For example, -with the following configuration, all requests will be redirected -to another site only if the server is started using -<code>httpd -DClosedForNow</code>:</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code> -<IfDefine ClosedForNow><br /> -Redirect / http://otherserver.example.com/<br /> -</IfDefine> -</code></p></div> - -<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code> -directive is very similar, except it encloses directives that will -only be applied if a particular module is available in the server. -The module must either be statically compiled in the server, or it -must be dynamically compiled and its <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></code> line must be earlier in the -configuration file. This directive should only be used if you need -your configuration file to work whether or not certain modules are -installed. It should not be used to enclose directives that you want -to work all the time, because it can suppress useful error messages -about missing modules.</p> - -<p>In the following example, the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_mime_magic.html#mimemagicfiles">MimeMagicFiles</a></code> directive will be -applied only if <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_mime_magic.html">mod_mime_magic</a></code> is available.</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code> -<IfModule mod_mime_magic.c><br /> -MimeMagicFile conf/magic<br /> -</IfModule> -</code></p></div> - -<p>Both <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code> -and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code> -can apply negative conditions by preceding their test with "!". -Also, these sections can be nested to achieve more complex -restrictions.</p> -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="file-and-web" id="file-and-web">Filesystem and Webspace</a></h2> - -<p>The most commonly used configuration section containers are the -ones that change the configuration of particular places in the -filesystem or webspace. First, it is important to understand the -difference between the two. The filesystem is the view of your disks -as seen by your operating system. For example, in a default install, -Apache resides at <code>/usr/local/apache2</code> in the Unix -filesystem or <code>"c:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2"</code> in -the Windows filesystem. (Note that forward slashes should always be -used as the path separator in Apache, even for Windows.) In contrast, -the webspace is the view of your site as delivered by the web server -and seen by the client. So the path <code>/dir/</code> in the -webspace corresponds to the path -<code>/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/dir/</code> in the filesystem of a -default Apache install on Unix. The webspace need not map directly to -the filesystem, since webpages may be generated dynamically -from databases or other locations.</p> - -<h3><a name="filesystem" id="filesystem">Filesystem Containers</a></h3> - -<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> -and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> -directives, along with their regex counterparts, apply directives to -parts of the filesystem. Directives enclosed in a <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> section apply to -the named filesystem directory and all subdirectories of that -directory. The same effect can be obtained using <a href="howto/htaccess.html">.htaccess files</a>. For example, in the -following configuration, directory indexes will be enabled for the -<code>/var/web/dir1</code> directory and all subdirectories.</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code> -<Directory /var/web/dir1><br /> -Options +Indexes<br /> -</Directory> -</code></p></div> - -<p>Directives enclosed in a <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> section apply to any file with -the specified name, regardless of what directory it lies in. -So for example, the following configuration directives will, -when placed in the main section of the configuration file, -deny access to any file named <code>private.html</code> regardless -of where it is found.</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code> -<Files private.html><br /> -Order allow,deny<br /> -Deny from all<br /> -</Files> -</code></p></div> - -<p>To address files found in a particular part of the filesystem, the -<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> and -<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections -can be combined. For example, the following configuration will deny -access to <code>/var/web/dir1/private.html</code>, -<code>/var/web/dir1/subdir2/private.html</code>, -<code>/var/web/dir1/subdir3/private.html</code>, and any other instance -of <code>private.html</code> found under the <code>/var/web/dir1/</code> -directory.</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code> -<Directory /var/web/dir1><br /> -<Files private.html><br /> -Order allow,deny<br /> -Deny from all<br /> -</Files><br /> -</Directory> -</code></p></div> - - -<h3><a name="webspace" id="webspace">Webspace Containers</a></h3> - -<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> -directive and its regex counterpart, on the other hand, change the -configuration for content in the webspace. For example, the following -configuration prevents access to any URL-path that begins in /private. -In particular, it will apply to requests for -<code>http://yoursite.example.com/private</code>, -<code>http://yoursite.example.com/private123</code>, and -<code>http://yoursite.example.com/private/dir/file.html</code> as well -as any other requests starting with the <code>/private</code> string.</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code> -<Location /private><br /> -Order Allow,Deny<br /> -Deny from all<br /> -</Location> -</code></p></div> - -<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> -directive need not have anything to do with the filesystem. -For example, the following example shows how to map a particular -URL to an internal Apache handler provided by <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code>. -No file called <code>server-status</code> needs to exist in the -filesystem.</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code> -<Location /server-status><br /> -SetHandler server-status<br /> -</Location> -</code></p></div> - - -<h3><a name="wildcards" id="wildcards">Wildcards and Regular Expressions</a></h3> - -<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>, -<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>, and -<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> -directives can each use shell-style wildcard characters as in -<code>fnmatch</code> from the C standard library. The character "*" -matches any sequence of characters, "?" matches any single character, -and "[<em>seq</em>]" matches any character in <em>seq</em>. The "/" -character will not be matched by any wildcard; it must be specified -explicitly.</p> - -<p>If even more flexible matching is required, each -container has a regular-expression (regex) counterpart <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code> that allow -perl-compatible -<a href="glossary.html#regex">regular expressions</a> -to be used in choosing the matches. But see the section below on -configuration merging to find out how using regex sections will change -how directives are applied.</p> - -<p>A non-regex wildcard section that changes the configuration of -all user directories could look as follows:</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code> -<Directory /home/*/public_html><br /> -Options Indexes<br /> -</Directory> -</code></p></div> - -<p>Using regex sections, we can deny access to many types of image files -at once:</p> -<div class="example"><p><code> -<FilesMatch \.(?i:gif|jpe?g|png)$><br /> -Order allow,deny<br /> -Deny from all<br /> -</FilesMatch> -</code></p></div> - - - -<h3><a name="whichwhen" id="whichwhen">What to use When</a></h3> - -<p>Choosing between filesystem containers and webspace containers is -actually quite easy. When applying directives to objects that reside -in the filesystem always use <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>. When applying directives to objects -that do not reside in the filesystem (such as a webpage generated from -a database), use <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>.</p> - -<p>It is important to never use <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> when trying to restrict -access to objects in the filesystem. This is because many -different webspace locations (URLs) could map to the same filesystem -location, allowing your restrictions to be circumvented. -For example, consider the following configuration:</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code> -<Location /dir/><br /> -Order allow,deny<br /> -Deny from all<br /> -</Location> -</code></p></div> - -<p>This works fine if the request is for -<code>http://yoursite.example.com/dir/</code>. But what if you are on -a case-insensitive filesystem? Then your restriction could be easily -circumvented by requesting -<code>http://yoursite.example.com/DIR/</code>. The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> directive, in -contrast, will apply to any content served from that location, -regardless of how it is called. (An exception is filesystem links. -The same directory can be placed in more than one part of the -filesystem using symbolic links. The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> directive will follow the symbolic -link without resetting the pathname. Therefore, for the highest level -of security, symbolic links should be disabled with the appropriate -<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code> directive.)</p> - -<p>If you are, perhaps, thinking that none of this applies to you -because you use a case-sensitive filesystem, remember that there are -many other ways to map multiple webspace locations to the same -filesystem location. Therefore you should always use the filesystem -containers when you can. There is, however, one exception to this -rule. Putting configuration restrictions in a <code><Location -/></code> section is perfectly safe because this section will apply -to all requests regardless of the specific URL.</p> - - -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">Virtual Hosts</a></h2> - -<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> -container encloses directives that apply to specific hosts. -This is useful when serving multiple hosts from the same machine -with a different configuration for each. For more information, -see the <a href="vhosts/">Virtual Host Documentation</a>.</p> -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Proxy</a></h2> - -<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxy"><Proxy></a></code> -and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxymatch"><ProxyMatch></a></code> -containers apply enclosed configuration directives only -to sites accessed through <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>'s proxy server -that match the specified URL. For example, the following configuration -will prevent the proxy server from being used to access the -<code>cnn.com</code> website.</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code> -<Proxy http://cnn.com/*><br /> -Order allow,deny<br /> -Deny from all<br /> -</Proxy> -</code></p></div> -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="whatwhere" id="whatwhere">What Directives are Allowed?</a></h2> - -<p>To find out what directives are allowed in what types of -configuration sections, check the <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Context</a> of the directive. -Everything that is allowed in -<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> -sections is also syntactically allowed in -<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code>, -<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>, -<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code>, -<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>, -<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code>, -<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxy"><Proxy></a></code>, -and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxymatch"><ProxyMatch></a></code> -sections. There are some exceptions, however:</p> - -<ul> -<li>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> directive -works only in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> -sections.</li> - -<li>The <code>FollowSymLinks</code> and -<code>SymLinksIfOwnerMatch</code> <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code> work only in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections or -<code>.htaccess</code> files.</li> - -<li>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code> directive cannot -be used in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> -and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code> -sections.</li> -</ul> -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="mergin" id="mergin">How the sections are merged</a></h2> - -<p>The configuration sections are applied in a very particular order. -Since this can have important effects on how configuration directives -are interpreted, it is important to understand how this works.</p> - - <p>The order of merging is:</p> - - <ol> - <li> <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> (except regular expressions) - and <code>.htaccess</code> done simultaneously (with - <code>.htaccess</code>, if allowed, overriding - <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>)</li> - - <li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code> - (and <code><Directory ~></code>)</li> - - <li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code> done - simultaneously</li> - - <li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> - and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code> done simultaneously</li> - </ol> - - <p>Apart from <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>, each group is processed in - the order that they appear in the configuration files. <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> (group 1 above) - is processed in the order shortest directory component to longest. - So for example, <code><Directory /var/web/dir></code> will - be processed before <code><Directory - /var/web/dir/subdir></code>. If multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections apply - to the same directory they are processed in the configuration file - order. Configurations included via the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#include">Include</a></code> directive will be treated as if - they were inside the including file at the location of the - <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#include">Include</a></code> directive.</p> - - <p>Sections inside <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> sections - are applied <em>after</em> the corresponding sections outside - the virtual host definition. This allows virtual hosts to - override the main server configuration.</p> - - <p>Later sections override earlier ones.</p> - -<div class="note"><h3>Technical Note</h3> - There is actually a - <code><Location></code>/<code><LocationMatch></code> - sequence performed just before the name translation phase - (where <code>Aliases</code> and <code>DocumentRoots</code> - are used to map URLs to filenames). The results of this - sequence are completely thrown away after the translation has - completed. -</div> - -<h3><a name="merge-examples" id="merge-examples">Some Examples</a></h3> - -<p>Below is an artificial example to show the order of -merging. Assuming they all apply to the request, the directives in -this example will be applied in the order A > B > C > D > -E.</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code> -<Location /><br /> -E<br /> -</Location><br /> -<br /> -<Files f.html><br /> -D<br /> -</Files><br /> -<br /> -<VirtualHost *><br /> -<Directory /a/b><br /> -B<br /> -</Directory><br /> -</VirtualHost><br /> -<br /> -<DirectoryMatch "^.*b$"><br /> -C<br /> -</DirectoryMatch><br /> -<br /> -<Directory /a/b><br /> -A<br /> -</Directory><br /> -<br /> -</code></p></div> - -<p>For a more concrete example, consider the following. Regardless of -any access restrictions placed in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections, the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> section will be -evaluated last and will allow unrestricted access to the server. In -other words, order of merging is important, so be careful!</p> - -<div class="example"><p><code> -<Location /><br /> -Order deny,allow<br /> -Allow from all<br /> -</Location><br /> -<br /> -# Woops! This <Directory> section will have no effect<br /> -<Directory /><br /> -Order allow,deny<br /> -Allow from all<br /> -Deny from badguy.example.com<br /> -</Directory> -</code></p></div> - - - -</div></div> -<div class="bottomlang"> -<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/sections.html" title="English"> en </a> | -<a href="./es/sections.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | -<a href="./ja/sections.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | -<a href="./ko/sections.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | -<a href="./tr/sections.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> -</div><div id="footer"> -<p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p> -<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div> -</body></html>
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