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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!--
+ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
+ This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
+ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
+ -->
+<title>prefork - Apache HTTP Server</title>
+<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
+<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
+<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" />
+<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
+<body>
+<div id="page-header">
+<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
+<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p>
+<img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div>
+<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
+<div id="path">
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="../">Version 2.0</a> &gt; <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
+<div id="page-content">
+<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache MPM prefork</h1>
+<div class="toplang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../de/mod/prefork.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch">&nbsp;de&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../en/mod/prefork.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../es/mod/prefork.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español">&nbsp;es&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../ja/mod/prefork.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../tr/mod/prefork.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div>
+<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Implements a non-threaded, pre-forking web server</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>MPM</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>mpm_prefork_module</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>prefork.c</td></tr></table>
+<h3>Summary</h3>
+
+ <p>This Multi-Processing Module (MPM) implements a non-threaded,
+ pre-forking web server that handles requests in a manner similar
+ to Apache 1.3. It is appropriate for sites that need to avoid
+ threading for compatibility with non-thread-safe libraries. It
+ is also the best MPM for isolating each request, so that a problem
+ with a single request will not affect any other.</p>
+
+ <p>This MPM is very self-regulating, so it is rarely necessary to
+ adjust its configuration directives. Most important is that
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#maxclients">MaxClients</a></code> be big enough to
+ handle as many simultaneous requests as you expect to receive, but
+ small enough to assure that there is enough physical RAM for all
+ processes.</p>
+</div>
+<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
+<ul id="toc">
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#acceptmutex">AcceptMutex</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#bs2000account">BS2000Account</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#coredumpdirectory">CoreDumpDirectory</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#enableexceptionhook">EnableExceptionHook</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#group">Group</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#listenbacklog">ListenBacklog</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#lockfile">LockFile</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#maxclients">MaxClients</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#maxmemfree">MaxMemFree</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#maxrequestsperchild">MaxRequestsPerChild</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#maxspareservers">MaxSpareServers</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#minspareservers">MinSpareServers</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#pidfile">PidFile</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#receivebuffersize">ReceiveBufferSize</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#scoreboardfile">ScoreBoardFile</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#sendbuffersize">SendBufferSize</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#serverlimit">ServerLimit</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#startservers">StartServers</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#user">User</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h3>Topics</h3>
+<ul id="topics">
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#how-it-works">How it Works</a></li>
+</ul><h3>See also</h3>
+<ul class="seealso">
+<li><a href="../bind.html">Setting which addresses and ports Apache
+uses</a></li>
+</ul></div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="how-it-works" id="how-it-works">How it Works</a></h2>
+ <p>A single control process is responsible for launching child
+ processes which listen for connections and serve them when they
+ arrive. Apache always tries to maintain several <dfn>spare</dfn>
+ or idle server processes, which stand ready to serve incoming
+ requests. In this way, clients do not need to wait for a new
+ child processes to be forked before their requests can be
+ served.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#startservers">StartServers</a></code>,
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#minspareservers">MinSpareServers</a></code>,
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#maxspareservers">MaxSpareServers</a></code>, and
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#maxclients">MaxClients</a></code> regulate how
+ the parent process creates children to serve requests. In general,
+ Apache is very self-regulating, so most sites do not need to
+ adjust these directives from their default values. Sites which
+ need to serve more than 256 simultaneous requests may need to
+ increase <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#maxclients">MaxClients</a></code>,
+ while sites with limited memory may need to decrease <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#maxclients">MaxClients</a></code> to keep the server from
+ thrashing (swapping memory to disk and back). More information
+ about tuning process creation is provided in the <a href="../misc/perf-tuning.html">performance hints</a>
+ documentation.</p>
+
+ <p>While the parent process is usually started as <code>root</code>
+ under Unix in order to bind to port 80, the child processes are
+ launched by Apache as a less-privileged user. The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#user">User</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#group">Group</a></code> directives are used to set
+ the privileges of the Apache child processes. The child processes
+ must be able to read all the content that will be served, but
+ should have as few privileges beyond that as possible.</p>
+
+ <p><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#maxrequestsperchild">MaxRequestsPerChild</a></code>
+ controls how frequently the server recycles processes by killing
+ old ones and launching new ones.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="MaxSpareServers" id="MaxSpareServers">MaxSpareServers</a> <a name="maxspareservers" id="maxspareservers">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Maximum number of idle child server processes</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>MaxSpareServers <var>number</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>MaxSpareServers 10</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>MPM</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>prefork</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">MaxSpareServers</code> directive sets the
+ desired maximum number of <em>idle</em> child server processes. An
+ idle process is one which is not handling a request. If there are
+ more than <code class="directive">MaxSpareServers</code> idle, then the
+ parent process will kill off the excess processes.</p>
+
+ <p>Tuning of this parameter should only be necessary on very
+ busy sites. Setting this parameter to a large number is almost
+ always a bad idea. If you are trying to set the value lower than
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#minspareservers">MinSpareServers</a></code>, Apache
+ will automatically adjust it to <code class="directive">MinSpareServers</code><code> + 1</code>.</p>
+
+<h3>See also</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><code class="directive"><a href="#minspareservers">MinSpareServers</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#startservers">StartServers</a></code></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="MinSpareServers" id="MinSpareServers">MinSpareServers</a> <a name="minspareservers" id="minspareservers">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Minimum number of idle child server processes</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>MinSpareServers <var>number</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>MinSpareServers 5</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>MPM</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>prefork</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">MinSpareServers</code> directive sets the
+ desired minimum number of <em>idle</em> child server processes. An
+ idle process is one which is not handling a request. If there are
+ fewer than <code class="directive">MinSpareServers</code> idle, then the parent
+ process creates new children at a maximum rate of 1 per second.</p>
+
+ <p>Tuning of this parameter should only be necessary on very
+ busy sites. Setting this parameter to a large number is almost
+ always a bad idea.</p>
+
+<h3>See also</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><code class="directive"><a href="#maxspareservers">MaxSpareServers</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#startservers">StartServers</a></code></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="bottomlang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../de/mod/prefork.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch">&nbsp;de&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../en/mod/prefork.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../es/mod/prefork.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español">&nbsp;es&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../ja/mod/prefork.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../tr/mod/prefork.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div><div id="footer">
+<p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
+<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file