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diff --git a/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/howto/htaccess.html.en b/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/howto/htaccess.html.en deleted file mode 100644 index f9d6614f..00000000 --- a/rubbos/app/apache2/manual/howto/htaccess.html.en +++ /dev/null @@ -1,386 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!-- - XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX - This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT - XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX - --> -<title>Apache Tutorial: .htaccess files - Apache HTTP Server</title> -<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> -<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> -<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /> -<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> -<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> -<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> -<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p> -<img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div> -<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div> -<div id="path"> -<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.0</a> > <a href="./">How-To / Tutorials</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Tutorial: .htaccess files</h1> -<div class="toplang"> -<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/howto/htaccess.html" title="English"> en </a> | -<a href="../ja/howto/htaccess.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | -<a href="../ko/howto/htaccess.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p> -</div> - -<p><code>.htaccess</code> files provide a way to make configuration -changes on a per-directory basis.</p> -</div> -<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#related">.htaccess files</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#what">What they are/How to use them</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#when">When (not) to use .htaccess files</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#how">How directives are applied</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#auth">Authentication example</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ssi">Server Side Includes example</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#cgi">CGI example</a></li> -<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#troubleshoot">Troubleshooting</a></li> -</ul></div> -<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="related" id="related">.htaccess files</a></h2> - <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth.html">mod_auth</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#accessfilename">AccessFileName</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html#addhandler">AddHandler</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#sethandler">SetHandler</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#authtype">AuthType</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#authname">AuthName</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_auth.html#authuserfile">AuthUserFile</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_auth.html#authgroupfile">AuthGroupFile</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#require">Require</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table> -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="what" id="what">What they are/How to use them</a></h2> - - - <p><code>.htaccess</code> files (or "distributed configuration files") - provide a way to make configuration changes on a per-directory basis. A - file, containing one or more configuration directives, is placed in a - particular document directory, and the directives apply to that - directory, and all subdirectories thereof.</p> - - <div class="note"><h3>Note:</h3> - <p>If you want to call your <code>.htaccess</code> file something - else, you can change the name of the file using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#accessfilename">AccessFileName</a></code> directive. For example, - if you would rather call the file <code>.config</code> then you - can put the following in your server configuration file:</p> - - <div class="example"><p><code> - AccessFileName .config - </code></p></div> - </div> - - <p>In general, <code>.htaccess</code> files use the same syntax as - the <a href="../configuring.html#syntax">main configuration - files</a>. What you can put in these files is determined by the - <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> directive. This - directive specifies, in categories, what directives will be - honored if they are found in a <code>.htaccess</code> file. If a - directive is permitted in a <code>.htaccess</code> file, the - documentation for that directive will contain an Override section, - specifying what value must be in <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> in order for that - directive to be permitted.</p> - - <p>For example, if you look at the documentation for the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#adddefaultcharset">AddDefaultCharset</a></code> - directive, you will find that it is permitted in <code>.htaccess</code> - files. (See the Context line in the directive summary.) The <a href="../mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Override</a> line reads - <code>FileInfo</code>. Thus, you must have at least - <code>AllowOverride FileInfo</code> in order for this directive to be - honored in <code>.htaccess</code> files.</p> - - <div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><table> - <tr> - <td><a href="../mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></td> - <td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td><a href="../mod/directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></td> - <td>FileInfo</td> - </tr> - </table></div> - - <p>If you are unsure whether a particular directive is permitted in a - <code>.htaccess</code> file, look at the documentation for that - directive, and check the Context line for ".htaccess".</p> - </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="when" id="when">When (not) to use .htaccess files</a></h2> - - <p>In general, you should never use <code>.htaccess</code> files unless - you don't have access to the main server configuration file. There is, - for example, a prevailing misconception that user authentication should - always be done in <code>.htaccess</code> files. This is simply not the - case. You can put user authentication configurations in the main server - configuration, and this is, in fact, the preferred way to do - things.</p> - - <p><code>.htaccess</code> files should be used in a case where the - content providers need to make configuration changes to the server on a - per-directory basis, but do not have root access on the server system. - In the event that the server administrator is not willing to make - frequent configuration changes, it might be desirable to permit - individual users to make these changes in <code>.htaccess</code> files - for themselves. This is particularly true, for example, in cases where - ISPs are hosting multiple user sites on a single machine, and want - their users to be able to alter their configuration.</p> - - <p>However, in general, use of <code>.htaccess</code> files should be - avoided when possible. Any configuration that you would consider - putting in a <code>.htaccess</code> file, can just as effectively be - made in a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> section in your main server - configuration file.</p> - - <p>There are two main reasons to avoid the use of - <code>.htaccess</code> files.</p> - - <p>The first of these is performance. When <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> - is set to allow the use of <code>.htaccess</code> files, Apache will - look in every directory for <code>.htaccess</code> files. Thus, - permitting <code>.htaccess</code> files causes a performance hit, - whether or not you actually even use them! Also, the - <code>.htaccess</code> file is loaded every time a document is - requested.</p> - - <p>Further note that Apache must look for <code>.htaccess</code> files - in all higher-level directories, in order to have a full complement of - directives that it must apply. (See section on <a href="#how">how - directives are applied</a>.) Thus, if a file is requested out of a - directory <code>/www/htdocs/example</code>, Apache must look for the - following files:</p> - - <div class="example"><p><code> - /.htaccess<br /> - /www/.htaccess<br /> - /www/htdocs/.htaccess<br /> - /www/htdocs/example/.htaccess - </code></p></div> - - <p>And so, for each file access out of that directory, there are 4 - additional file-system accesses, even if none of those files are - present. (Note that this would only be the case if - <code>.htaccess</code> files were enabled for <code>/</code>, which - is not usually the case.)</p> - - <p>The second consideration is one of security. You are permitting - users to modify server configuration, which may result in changes over - which you have no control. Carefully consider whether you want to give - your users this privilege. Note also that giving users less - privileges than they need will lead to additional technical support - requests. Make sure you clearly tell your users what level of - privileges you have given them. Specifying exactly what you have set - <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> to, and pointing them - to the relevant documentation, will save yourself a lot of confusion - later.</p> - - <p>Note that it is completely equivalent to put a <code>.htaccess</code> - file in a directory <code>/www/htdocs/example</code> containing a - directive, and to put that same directive in a Directory section - <code><Directory /www/htdocs/example></code> in your main server - configuration:</p> - - <p><code>.htaccess</code> file in <code>/www/htdocs/example</code>:</p> - - <div class="example"><h3>Contents of .htaccess file in - <code>/www/htdocs/example</code></h3><p><code> - AddType text/example .exm - </code></p></div> - - <div class="example"><h3>Section from your <code>httpd.conf</code> - file</h3><p><code> - <Directory /www/htdocs/example><br /> - <span class="indent"> - AddType text/example .exm<br /> - </span> - </Directory> - </code></p></div> - - <p>However, putting this configuration in your server configuration - file will result in less of a performance hit, as the configuration is - loaded once when Apache starts, rather than every time a file is - requested.</p> - - <p>The use of <code>.htaccess</code> files can be disabled completely - by setting the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> - directive to <code>none</code>:</p> - - <div class="example"><p><code> - AllowOverride None - </code></p></div> -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="how" id="how">How directives are applied</a></h2> - - <p>The configuration directives found in a <code>.htaccess</code> file - are applied to the directory in which the <code>.htaccess</code> file - is found, and to all subdirectories thereof. However, it is important - to also remember that there may have been <code>.htaccess</code> files - in directories higher up. Directives are applied in the order that they - are found. Therefore, a <code>.htaccess</code> file in a particular - directory may override directives found in <code>.htaccess</code> files - found higher up in the directory tree. And those, in turn, may have - overridden directives found yet higher up, or in the main server - configuration file itself.</p> - - <p>Example:</p> - - <p>In the directory <code>/www/htdocs/example1</code> we have a - <code>.htaccess</code> file containing the following:</p> - - <div class="example"><p><code> - Options +ExecCGI - </code></p></div> - - <p>(Note: you must have "<code>AllowOverride Options</code>" in effect - to permit the use of the "<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code>" directive in - <code>.htaccess</code> files.)</p> - - <p>In the directory <code>/www/htdocs/example1/example2</code> we have - a <code>.htaccess</code> file containing:</p> - - <div class="example"><p><code> - Options Includes - </code></p></div> - - <p>Because of this second <code>.htaccess</code> file, in the directory - <code>/www/htdocs/example1/example2</code>, CGI execution is not - permitted, as only <code>Options Includes</code> is in effect, which - completely overrides any earlier setting that may have been in - place.</p> - - <h3><a name="merge" id="merge">Merging of .htaccess with the main - configuration files</a></h3> - - <p>As discussed in the documentation on <a href="../sections.html">Configuration Sections</a>, - <code>.htaccess</code> files can override the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections for - the corresponding directory, but will be overriden by other types - of configuration sections from the main configuration files. This - fact can be used to enforce certain configurations, even in the - presence of a liberal <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> setting. For example, to - prevent script execution while allowing anything else to be set in - <code>.htaccess</code> you can use:</p> - - <div class="example"><p><code> -<Directory /><br /> -<span class="indent"> -Allowoverride All<br /> -</span> -</Directory><br /> -<br /> -<Location /><br /> -<span class="indent"> -Options +IncludesNoExec -ExecCGI<br /> -</span> -</Location> - </code></p></div> - - -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="auth" id="auth">Authentication example</a></h2> - - <p>If you jumped directly to this part of the document to find out how - to do authentication, it is important to note one thing. There is a - common misconception that you are required to use - <code>.htaccess</code> files in order to implement password - authentication. This is not the case. Putting authentication directives - in a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> - section, in your main server configuration file, is the preferred way - to implement this, and <code>.htaccess</code> files should be used only - if you don't have access to the main server configuration file. See <a href="#when">above</a> for a discussion of when you should and should - not use <code>.htaccess</code> files.</p> - - <p>Having said that, if you still think you need to use a - <code>.htaccess</code> file, you may find that a configuration such as - what follows may work for you.</p> - - <p>You must have "<code>AllowOverride AuthConfig</code>" in effect for - these directives to be honored.</p> - - <p><code>.htaccess</code> file contents:</p> - - <div class="example"><p><code> - AuthType Basic<br /> - AuthName "Password Required"<br /> - AuthUserFile /www/passwords/password.file<br /> - AuthGroupFile /www/passwords/group.file<br /> - Require Group admins - </code></p></div> - - <p>Note that <code>AllowOverride AuthConfig</code> must be in effect - for these directives to have any effect.</p> - - <p>Please see the <a href="auth.html">authentication tutorial</a> for a - more complete discussion of authentication and authorization.</p> -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="ssi" id="ssi">Server Side Includes example</a></h2> - - <p>Another common use of <code>.htaccess</code> files is to enable - Server Side Includes for a particular directory. This may be done with - the following configuration directives, placed in a - <code>.htaccess</code> file in the desired directory:</p> - - <div class="example"><p><code> - Options +Includes<br /> - AddType text/html shtml<br /> - AddHandler server-parsed shtml - </code></p></div> - - <p>Note that <code>AllowOverride Options</code> and <code>AllowOverride - FileInfo</code> must both be in effect for these directives to have any - effect.</p> - - <p>Please see the <a href="ssi.html">SSI tutorial</a> for a more - complete discussion of server-side includes.</p> -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="cgi" id="cgi">CGI example</a></h2> - - <p>Finally, you may wish to use a <code>.htaccess</code> file to permit - the execution of CGI programs in a particular directory. This may be - implemented with the following configuration:</p> - - <div class="example"><p><code> - Options +ExecCGI<br /> - AddHandler cgi-script cgi pl - </code></p></div> - - <p>Alternately, if you wish to have all files in the given directory be - considered to be CGI programs, this may be done with the following - configuration:</p> - - <div class="example"><p><code> - Options +ExecCGI<br /> - SetHandler cgi-script - </code></p></div> - - <p>Note that <code>AllowOverride Options</code> and <code>AllowOverride - FileInfo</code> must both be in effect for these directives to have any - effect.</p> - - <p>Please see the <a href="cgi.html">CGI tutorial</a> for a more - complete discussion of CGI programming and configuration.</p> - -</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> -<div class="section"> -<h2><a name="troubleshoot" id="troubleshoot">Troubleshooting</a></h2> - - <p>When you put configuration directives in a <code>.htaccess</code> - file, and you don't get the desired effect, there are a number of - things that may be going wrong.</p> - - <p>Most commonly, the problem is that <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> is not - set such that your configuration directives are being honored. Make - sure that you don't have a <code>AllowOverride None</code> in effect - for the file scope in question. A good test for this is to put garbage - in your <code>.htaccess</code> file and reload. If a server error is - not generated, then you almost certainly have <code>AllowOverride - None</code> in effect.</p> - - <p>If, on the other hand, you are getting server errors when trying to - access documents, check your Apache error log. It will likely tell you - that the directive used in your <code>.htaccess</code> file is not - permitted. Alternately, it may tell you that you had a syntax error, - which you will then need to fix.</p> - -</div></div> -<div class="bottomlang"> -<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/howto/htaccess.html" title="English"> en </a> | -<a href="../ja/howto/htaccess.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | -<a href="../ko/howto/htaccess.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p> -</div><div id="footer"> -<p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p> -<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div> -</body></html>
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