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authorhongbotian <hongbo.tianhongbo@huawei.com>2015-11-30 01:35:09 -0500
committerhongbotian <hongbo.tianhongbo@huawei.com>2015-11-30 01:36:35 -0500
commitcc40af334e619bb549038238507407866f774f8f (patch)
tree43ddc1974f72997a57173151eafb23e6025a13c9 /rubbos/app/apache2/manual/mod/mod_access.html.en
parent68e74fd78b2485e5914ce34a5b30f4485029e021 (diff)
upload apache
JIRA: BOTTLENECK-10 Change-Id: I67eae31de6dc824097dfa56ab454ba36fdd23a2c Signed-off-by: hongbotian <hongbo.tianhongbo@huawei.com>
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!--
+ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
+ This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
+ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
+ -->
+<title>mod_access - Apache HTTP Server</title>
+<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
+<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
+<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" />
+<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
+<body>
+<div id="page-header">
+<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
+<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p>
+<img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div>
+<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
+<div id="path">
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="../">Version 2.0</a> &gt; <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
+<div id="page-content">
+<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_access</h1>
+<div class="toplang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_access.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../ja/mod/mod_access.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div>
+<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides access control based on client hostname, IP
+address, or other characteristics of the client request.</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>access_module</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_access.c</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available only in versions prior to 2.1</td></tr></table>
+<h3>Summary</h3>
+
+ <p>The directives provided by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_access.html">mod_access</a></code> are used
+ in <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory">&lt;Directory&gt;</a></code>,
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#files">&lt;Files&gt;</a></code>, and
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location">&lt;Location&gt;</a></code> sections
+ as well as <code><a href="core.html#accessfilename">.htaccess</a></code>
+ files to control access to particular parts of the server. Access
+ can be controlled based on the client hostname, IP address, or
+ other characteristics of the client request, as captured in <a href="../env.html">environment variables</a>. The <code class="directive"><a href="#allow">Allow</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code> directives are used to
+ specify which clients are or are not allowed access to the server,
+ while the <code class="directive"><a href="#order">Order</a></code>
+ directive sets the default access state, and configures how the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#allow">Allow</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code> directives interact with each
+ other.</p>
+
+ <p>Both host-based access restrictions and password-based
+ authentication may be implemented simultaneously. In that case,
+ the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#satisfy">Satisfy</a></code> directive is used
+ to determine how the two sets of restrictions interact.</p>
+
+ <p>In general, access restriction directives apply to all
+ access methods (<code>GET</code>, <code>PUT</code>,
+ <code>POST</code>, etc). This is the desired behavior in most
+ cases. However, it is possible to restrict some methods, while
+ leaving other methods unrestricted, by enclosing the directives
+ in a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#limit">&lt;Limit&gt;</a></code> section.</p>
+</div>
+<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
+<ul id="toc">
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#allow">Allow</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#deny">Deny</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#order">Order</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h3>See also</h3>
+<ul class="seealso">
+<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#satisfy">Satisfy</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#require">Require</a></code></li>
+</ul></div>
+
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Allow" id="Allow">Allow</a> <a name="allow" id="allow">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Controls which hosts can access an area of the
+server</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code> Allow from
+ all|<var>host</var>|env=<var>env-variable</var>
+ [<var>host</var>|env=<var>env-variable</var>] ...</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>Limit</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_access</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+ <p>The <code class="directive">Allow</code> directive affects which hosts can
+ access an area of the server. Access can be controlled by
+ hostname, IP address, IP address range, or by other
+ characteristics of the client request captured in environment
+ variables.</p>
+
+ <p>The first argument to this directive is always
+ <code>from</code>. The subsequent arguments can take three
+ different forms. If <code>Allow from all</code> is specified, then
+ all hosts are allowed access, subject to the configuration of the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#order">Order</a></code> directives as discussed
+ below. To allow only particular hosts or groups of hosts to access
+ the server, the <var>host</var> can be specified in any of the
+ following formats:</p>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt>A (partial) domain-name</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><p><code>
+ Allow from apache.org<br />
+ Allow from .net example.edu
+ </code></p></div>
+ <p>Hosts whose names match, or end in, this string are allowed
+ access. Only complete components are matched, so the above
+ example will match <code>foo.apache.org</code> but it will not
+ match <code>fooapache.org</code>. This configuration will cause
+ Apache to perform a double reverse DNS lookup on the client IP
+ address, regardless of the setting of the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#hostnamelookups">HostnameLookups</a></code> directive. It will do
+ a reverse DNS lookup on the IP address to find the associated
+ hostname, and then do a forward lookup on the hostname to assure
+ that it matches the original IP address. Only if the forward
+ and reverse DNS are consistent and the hostname matches will
+ access be allowed.</p></dd>
+
+ <dt>A full IP address</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><p><code>
+ Allow from 10.1.2.3<br />
+ Allow from 192.168.1.104 192.168.1.205
+ </code></p></div>
+ <p>An IP address of a host allowed access</p></dd>
+
+ <dt>A partial IP address</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><p><code>
+ Allow from 10.1<br />
+ Allow from 10 172.20 192.168.2
+ </code></p></div>
+ <p>The first 1 to 3 bytes of an IP address, for subnet
+ restriction.</p></dd>
+
+ <dt>A network/netmask pair</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><p><code>
+ Allow from 10.1.0.0/255.255.0.0
+ </code></p></div>
+ <p>A network a.b.c.d, and a netmask w.x.y.z. For more
+ fine-grained subnet restriction.</p></dd>
+
+ <dt>A network/nnn CIDR specification</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><p><code>
+ Allow from 10.1.0.0/16
+ </code></p></div>
+ <p>Similar to the previous case, except the netmask consists of
+ nnn high-order 1 bits.</p></dd>
+ </dl>
+
+ <p>Note that the last three examples above match exactly the
+ same set of hosts.</p>
+
+ <p>IPv6 addresses and IPv6 subnets can be specified as shown
+ below:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><p><code>
+ Allow from 2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea<br />
+ Allow from 2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea/10
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <p>The third format of the arguments to the
+ <code class="directive">Allow</code> directive allows access to the server
+ to be controlled based on the existence of an <a href="../env.html">environment variable</a>. When <code>Allow from
+ env=<var>env-variable</var></code> is specified, then the request is
+ allowed access if the environment variable <var>env-variable</var>
+ exists. The server provides the ability to set environment
+ variables in a flexible way based on characteristics of the client
+ request using the directives provided by
+ <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code>. Therefore, this directive can be
+ used to allow access based on such factors as the clients
+ <code>User-Agent</code> (browser type), <code>Referer</code>, or
+ other HTTP request header fields.</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><p><code>
+ SetEnvIf User-Agent ^KnockKnock/2\.0 let_me_in<br />
+ &lt;Directory /docroot&gt;<br />
+ <span class="indent">
+ Order Deny,Allow<br />
+ Deny from all<br />
+ Allow from env=let_me_in<br />
+ </span>
+ &lt;/Directory&gt;
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <p>In this case, browsers with a user-agent string beginning
+ with <code>KnockKnock/2.0</code> will be allowed access, and all
+ others will be denied.</p>
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Deny" id="Deny">Deny</a> <a name="deny" id="deny">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Controls which hosts are denied access to the
+server</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code> Deny from all|<var>host</var>|env=<var>env-variable</var>
+[<var>host</var>|env=<var>env-variable</var>] ...</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>Limit</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_access</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>This directive allows access to the server to be restricted
+ based on hostname, IP address, or environment variables. The
+ arguments for the <code class="directive">Deny</code> directive are
+ identical to the arguments for the <code class="directive"><a href="#allow">Allow</a></code> directive.</p>
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Order" id="Order">Order</a> <a name="order" id="order">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Controls the default access state and the order in which
+<code class="directive">Allow</code> and <code class="directive">Deny</code> are
+evaluated.</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code> Order <var>ordering</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>Order Deny,Allow</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>Limit</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_access</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+ <p>The <code class="directive">Order</code> directive, along with the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#allow">Allow</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code> directives, controls a
+ three-pass access control system. The first pass processes either
+ all <code class="directive"><a href="#allow">Allow</a></code> or all
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code> directives, as
+ specified by the <code class="directive">Order</code> directive. The second
+ pass parses the rest of the directives (<code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="#allow">Allow</a></code>). The third pass applies to
+ all requests which do not match either of the first two.</p>
+
+ <p>Note that all <code class="directive"><a href="#allow">Allow</a></code>
+ and <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code> directives are
+ processed, unlike a typical firewall, where only the first match is
+ used. The last match is effective (also unlike a typical firewall).
+ Additionally, the order in which lines appear in the configuration
+ files is not significant -- all <code class="directive"><a href="#allow">Allow</a></code> lines are processed as one
+ group, all <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code> lines are
+ considered as another, and the default state is considered by
+ itself.</p>
+
+ <p><em>Ordering</em> is one of:</p>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt><code>Allow,Deny</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>First, all <code class="directive"><a href="#allow">Allow</a></code>
+ directives are evaluated; at least one must match, or the request
+ is rejected. Next, all <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code> directives are evaluated. If
+ any matches, the request is rejected. Last, any requests which do
+ not match an <code class="directive"><a href="#allow">Allow</a></code> or a
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code> directive are
+ denied by default.</dd>
+
+ <dt><code>Deny,Allow</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>First, all <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code>
+ directives are evaluated; if any match, the request is denied
+ <strong>unless</strong> it also matches an <code class="directive"><a href="#allow">Allow</a></code> directive. Any requests
+ which do not match any <code class="directive"><a href="#allow">Allow</a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code> directives are
+ permitted.</dd>
+
+ <dt><code>Mutual-failure</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>This order has the same effect as <code>Order
+ Allow,Deny</code> and is deprecated in its favor.</dd>
+ </dl>
+
+ <p>Keywords may only be separated by a comma; <em>no whitespace</em>
+ is allowed between them.</p>
+
+ <table class="bordered">
+ <tr>
+ <th>Match</th>
+ <th>Allow,Deny result</th>
+ <th>Deny,Allow result</th>
+ </tr><tr>
+ <th>Match Allow only</th>
+ <td>Request allowed</td>
+ <td>Request allowed</td>
+ </tr><tr>
+ <th>Match Deny only</th>
+ <td>Request denied</td>
+ <td>Request denied</td>
+ </tr><tr>
+ <th>No match</th>
+ <td>Default to second directive: Denied</td>
+ <td>Default to second directive: Allowed</td>
+ </tr><tr>
+ <th>Match both Allow &amp; Deny</th>
+ <td>Final match controls: Denied</td>
+ <td>Final match controls: Allowed</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+ <p>In the following example, all hosts in the apache.org domain
+ are allowed access; all other hosts are denied access.</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><p><code>
+ Order Deny,Allow<br />
+ Deny from all<br />
+ Allow from apache.org
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <p>In the next example, all hosts in the apache.org domain are
+ allowed access, except for the hosts which are in the foo.apache.org
+ subdomain, who are denied access. All hosts not in the apache.org
+ domain are denied access because the default state is to <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code> access to the server.</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><p><code>
+ Order Allow,Deny<br />
+ Allow from apache.org<br />
+ Deny from foo.apache.org
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <p>On the other hand, if the <code class="directive">Order</code> in the
+ last example is changed to <code>Deny,Allow</code>, all hosts will
+ be allowed access. This happens because, regardless of the actual
+ ordering of the directives in the configuration file, the
+ <code>Allow from apache.org</code> will be evaluated last and will
+ override the <code>Deny from foo.apache.org</code>. All hosts not in
+ the <code>apache.org</code> domain will also be allowed access
+ because the default state is <code class="directive"><a href="#allow">Allow</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The presence of an <code class="directive">Order</code> directive can
+ affect access to a part of the server even in the absence of
+ accompanying <code class="directive"><a href="#allow">Allow</a></code> and
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code> directives because
+ of its effect on the default access state. For example,</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><p><code>
+ &lt;Directory /www&gt;<br />
+ <span class="indent">
+ Order Allow,Deny<br />
+ </span>
+ &lt;/Directory&gt;
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <p>will <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code> all access
+ to the <code>/www</code> directory because the default access state
+ is set to <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code class="directive">Order</code> directive controls the order of
+ access directive processing only within each phase of the server's
+ configuration processing. This implies, for example, that an
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#allow">Allow</a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code> directive occurring in a
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location">&lt;Location&gt;</a></code> section
+ will always be evaluated after an <code class="directive"><a href="#allow">Allow</a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="#deny">Deny</a></code> directive occurring in a
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory">&lt;Directory&gt;</a></code>
+ section or <code>.htaccess</code> file, regardless of the setting of
+ the <code class="directive">Order</code> directive. For details on the
+ merging of configuration sections, see the documentation on <a href="../sections.html">How Directory, Location and Files sections
+ work</a>.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="bottomlang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_access.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../ja/mod/mod_access.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div><div id="footer">
+<p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
+<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file