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authorAna C <ana.cunha@ericsson.com>2016-01-07 15:00:56 +0100
committerAna Cunha <ana.cunha@ericsson.com>2016-01-08 11:47:09 +0000
commit0bbef8513b2ed9166d57e3467d62c823a134d4e6 (patch)
tree27ff2091069e93268e8f451578d9dd5aa7551ff4 /docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases
parente7e3490a1c77c182a5ab7259bdcc998d7050f385 (diff)
Rename folders in yardstick/docs
Adapt the naming of the folders under yardstick/docs to the naming adopted by the release documentation defined by opnfvdocs. JIRA: - Change-Id: Icc57720d585abbbf7252bcbf76e2f2a403cb1732 Signed-off-by: Ana C <ana.cunha@ericsson.com> (cherry picked from commit 463a69e878d891b897fe70af15434615baf6a2e9)
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases')
-rw-r--r--docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/01-introduction.rst38
-rw-r--r--docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/02-methodology.rst181
-rw-r--r--docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/03-list-of-tcs.rst44
-rwxr-xr-xdocs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/Yardstick_task_templates.rst155
-rw-r--r--docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/glossary.rst15
-rw-r--r--docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/index.rst11
-rw-r--r--docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc001.rst79
-rw-r--r--docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc002.rst78
-rw-r--r--docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc008.rst85
-rw-r--r--docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc009.rst84
-rw-r--r--docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc010.rst77
-rw-r--r--docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc012.rst81
-rw-r--r--docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc037.rst99
-rw-r--r--docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc038.rst99
-rw-r--r--docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/testcase_description_v2_template.rst64
15 files changed, 1190 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/01-introduction.rst b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/01-introduction.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6cca2875e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/01-introduction.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+============
+Introduction
+============
+
+**Welcome to Yardstick's documentation !**
+
+.. _Yardstick: https://wiki.opnfv.org/yardstick
+
+Yardstick_ is an OPNFV Project.
+
+The project's goal is to verify infrastructure compliance, from the perspective
+of a :term:`VNF`.
+
+The Project's scope is the development of a test framework, *Yardstick*, test
+cases and test stimuli to enable :term:`NFVI` verification.
+The Project also includes a sample :term:`VNF`, the :term:`VTC` and its
+experimental framework, *ApexLake* !
+
+The chapter :doc:`02-methodology` describes the methodology implemented by the
+Yardstick Project for :term:`NFVI` verification. The chapter
+:doc:`03-list-of-tcs` includes a list of available Yardstick test cases.
+
+Yardstick is used for verifying the OPNFV infrastructure and some of the OPNFV
+features, listed in :doc:`03-list-of-tcs`.
+
+The *Yardstick* framework is deployed in several OPNFV community labs. It is
+installer, infrastructure and application independent.
+
+.. _Pharos: https://wiki.opnfv.org/pharos
+
+.. seealso:: Pharos_ for information on OPNFV community labs.
+
+Contact Yardstick
+=================
+
+Feedback? `Contact us`_
+
+.. _Contact us: opnfv-users@lists.opnfv.org
diff --git a/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/02-methodology.rst b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/02-methodology.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5097c566b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/02-methodology.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+===========
+Methodology
+===========
+
+Abstract
+========
+
+This chapter describes the methodology implemented by the Yardstick project for
+verifying the NFV Infrastructure from the perspective of a VNF.
+
+ETSI-NFV
+========
+
+.. _NFV-TST001: https://docbox.etsi.org/ISG/NFV/Open/Drafts/TST001_-_Pre-deployment_Validation/
+
+The document ETSI GS NFV-TST001_, "Pre-deployment Testing; Report on Validation
+of NFV Environments and Services", recommends methods for pre-deployment
+testing of the functional components of an NFV environment.
+
+The Yardstick project implements the methodology described in chapter 6, "Pre-
+deployment validation of NFV infrastructure".
+
+The methodology consists in decomposing the typical VNF work-load performance
+metrics into a number of characteristics/performance vectors, which each can be
+represented by distinct test-cases.
+
+The methodology includes five steps:
+
+* *Step1:* Define Infrastruture - the HW, SW and corresponding configuration
+ target for validation; the OPNFV infrastructure, in OPNFV community labs.
+
+* *Step2:* Identify VNF type - the application for which the infrastructure is
+ to be validated, and its requirements on the underlying infrastructure.
+
+* *Step3:* Select test cases - depending on the workload that represents the
+ application for which the infrastruture is to be validated, the relevant
+ test cases amongst the list of available Yardstick test cases.
+
+* *Step4:* Execute tests - define the duration and number of iterations for the
+ selected test cases, tests runs are automated via OPNFV Jenkins Jobs.
+
+* *Step5:* Collect results - using the common API for result collection.
+
+Metrics
+=======
+
+The metrics, as defined by ETSI GS NFV-TST001, are shown in
+:ref:`Table1 <table2_1>`, :ref:`Table2 <table2_2>` and
+:ref:`Table3 <table2_3>`.
+
+In OPNFV Brahmaputra release, generic test cases covering aspects of the listed
+metrics are available; further OPNFV releases will provide extended testing of
+these metrics.
+The view of available Yardstick test cases cross ETSI definitions in
+:ref:`Table1 <table2_1>`, :ref:`Table2 <table2_2>` and :ref:`Table3 <table2_3>`
+is shown in :ref:`Table4 <table2_4>`.
+It shall be noticed that the Yardstick test cases are examples, the test
+duration and number of iterations are configurable, as are the System Under
+Test (SUT) and the attributes (or, in Yardstick nomemclature, the scenario
+options).
+
+.. _table2_1:
+
+**Table 1 - Performance/Speed Metrics**
+
++---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Category| Performance/Speed |
+| | |
++---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Compute | * Latency for random memory access |
+| | * Latency for cache read/write operations |
+| | * Processing speed (instructions per second) |
+| | * Throughput for random memory access (bytes per second) |
+| | |
++---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Network | * Throughput per NFVI node (frames/byte per second) |
+| | * Throughput provided to a VM (frames/byte per second) |
+| | * Latency per traffic flow |
+| | * Latency between VMs |
+| | * Latency between NFVI nodes |
+| | * Packet delay variation (jitter) between VMs |
+| | * Packet delay variation (jitter) between NFVI nodes |
+| | |
++---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Storage | * Sequential read/write IOPS |
+| | * Random read/write IOPS |
+| | * Latency for storage read/write operations |
+| | * Throughput for storage read/write operations |
+| | |
++---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+.. _table2_2:
+
+**Table 2 - Capacity/Scale Metrics**
+
++---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Category| Capacity/Scale |
+| | |
++---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Compute | * Number of cores and threads- Available memory size |
+| | * Cache size |
+| | * Processor utilization (max, average, standard deviation) |
+| | * Memory utilization (max, average, standard deviation) |
+| | * Cache utilization (max, average, standard deviation) |
+| | |
++---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Network | * Number of connections |
+| | * Number of frames sent/received |
+| | * Maximum throughput between VMs (frames/byte per second) |
+| | * Maximum throughput between NFVI nodes (frames/byte per second) |
+| | * Network utilization (max, average, standard deviation) |
+| | * Number of traffic flows |
+| | |
++---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Storage | * Storage/Disk size |
+| | * Capacity allocation (block-based, object-based) |
+| | * Block size |
+| | * Maximum sequential read/write IOPS |
+| | * Maximum random read/write IOPS |
+| | * Disk utilization (max, average, standard deviation) |
+| | |
++---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+.. _table2_3:
+
+**Table 3 - Availability/Reliability Metrics**
+
++---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Category| Availability/Reliability |
+| | |
++---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Compute | * Processor availability (Error free processing time) |
+| | * Memory availability (Error free memory time) |
+| | * Processor mean-time-to-failure |
+| | * Memory mean-time-to-failure |
+| | * Number of processing faults per second |
+| | |
++---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Network | * NIC availability (Error free connection time) |
+| | * Link availability (Error free transmission time) |
+| | * NIC mean-time-to-failure |
+| | * Network timeout duration due to link failure |
+| | * Frame loss rate |
+| | |
++---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Storage | * Disk availability (Error free disk access time) |
+| | * Disk mean-time-to-failure |
+| | * Number of failed storage read/write operations per second |
+| | |
++---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+.. _table2_4:
+
+**Table 4 - Yardstick Generic Test Cases**
+
++---------+-------------------+----------------+------------------------------+
+| Category| Performance/Speed | Capacity/Scale | Availability/Reliability |
+| | | | |
++---------+-------------------+----------------+------------------------------+
+| Compute | TC003 | TC003 | TC013 [1]_ |
+| | TC004 | TC004 | TC015 [1]_ |
+| | TC014 | TC010 | |
+| | TC024 | TC012 | |
+| | | | |
++---------+-------------------+----------------+------------------------------+
+| Network | TC002 | TC001 | TC016 [1]_ |
+| | TC011 | TC008 | TC018 [1]_ |
+| | | TC009 | |
+| | | | |
++---------+-------------------+----------------+------------------------------+
+| Storage | TC005 | TC005 | TC017 [1]_ |
+| | | | |
++---------+-------------------+----------------+------------------------------+
+
+.. note:: The description in this OPNFV document is intended as a reference for
+ users to understand the scope of the Yardstick Project and the
+ deliverables of the Yardstick framework. For complete description of
+ the methodology, refer to the ETSI document.
+
+.. rubric:: Footnotes
+.. [1] To be included in future deliveries.
diff --git a/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/03-list-of-tcs.rst b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/03-list-of-tcs.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e951ffab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/03-list-of-tcs.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+====================
+Yardstick Test Cases
+====================
+
+Abstract
+========
+
+This chapter lists available Yardstick test cases.
+Yardstick test cases are divided in two main categories:
+
+* *Generic NFVI Test Cases* - Test Cases developed to realize the methodology
+described in :doc:`02-methodology`
+
+* *OPNFV Feature Test Cases* - Test Cases developed to verify one or more
+aspect of a feature delivered by an OPNFV Project.
+
+Generic NFVI Test Case Descriptions
+===================================
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ opnfv_yardstick_tc001.rst
+ opnfv_yardstick_tc002.rst
+ opnfv_yardstick_tc008.rst
+ opnfv_yardstick_tc009.rst
+ opnfv_yardstick_tc010.rst
+ opnfv_yardstick_tc012.rst
+ opnfv_yardstick_tc037.rst
+ opnfv_yardstick_tc038.rst
+
+OPNFV Feature Test Cases
+========================
+
+
+
+Templates
+=========
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ testcase_description_v2_template
+ Yardstick_task_templates
diff --git a/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/Yardstick_task_templates.rst b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/Yardstick_task_templates.rst
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d2c2b7ec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/Yardstick_task_templates.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+Task Template Syntax
+====================
+
+Basic template syntax
+---------------------
+A nice feature of the input task format used in Yardstick is that it supports
+the template syntax based on Jinja2.
+This turns out to be extremely useful when, say, you have a fixed structure of
+your task but you want to parameterize this task in some way.
+For example, imagine your input task file (task.yaml) runs a set of Ping
+scenarios:
+
+::
+
+ # Sample benchmark task config file
+ # measure network latency using ping
+ schema: "yardstick:task:0.1"
+
+ scenarios:
+ -
+ type: Ping
+ options:
+ packetsize: 200
+ host: athena.demo
+ target: ares.demo
+
+ runner:
+ type: Duration
+ duration: 60
+ interval: 1
+
+ sla:
+ max_rtt: 10
+ action: monitor
+
+ context:
+ ...
+
+Let's say you want to run the same set of scenarios with the same runner/
+context/sla, but you want to try another packetsize to compare the performance.
+The most elegant solution is then to turn the packetsize name into a template
+variable:
+
+::
+
+ # Sample benchmark task config file
+ # measure network latency using ping
+
+ schema: "yardstick:task:0.1"
+ scenarios:
+ -
+ type: Ping
+ options:
+ packetsize: {{packetsize}}
+ host: athena.demo
+ target: ares.demo
+
+ runner:
+ type: Duration
+ duration: 60
+ interval: 1
+
+ sla:
+ max_rtt: 10
+ action: monitor
+
+ context:
+ ...
+
+and then pass the argument value for {{packetsize}} when starting a task with
+this configuration file.
+Yardstick provides you with different ways to do that:
+
+1.Pass the argument values directly in the command-line interface (with either
+a JSON or YAML dictionary):
+
+::
+
+ yardstick task start samples/ping-template.yaml
+ --task-args'{"packetsize":"200"}'
+
+2.Refer to a file that specifies the argument values (JSON/YAML):
+
+::
+
+ yardstick task start samples/ping-template.yaml --task-args-file args.yaml
+
+Using the default values
+------------------------
+Note that the Jinja2 template syntax allows you to set the default values for
+your parameters.
+With default values set, your task file will work even if you don't
+parameterize it explicitly while starting a task.
+The default values should be set using the {% set ... %} clause (task.yaml).
+For example:
+
+::
+
+ # Sample benchmark task config file
+ # measure network latency using ping
+ schema: "yardstick:task:0.1"
+ {% set packetsize = packetsize or "100" %}
+ scenarios:
+ -
+ type: Ping
+ options:
+ packetsize: {{packetsize}}
+ host: athena.demo
+ target: ares.demo
+
+ runner:
+ type: Duration
+ duration: 60
+ interval: 1
+ ...
+
+If you don't pass the value for {{packetsize}} while starting a task, the
+default one will be used.
+
+Advanced templates
+------------------
+
+Yardstick makes it possible to use all the power of Jinja2 template syntax,
+including the mechanism of built-in functions.
+As an example, let us make up a task file that will do a block storage
+performance test.
+The input task file (fio-template.yaml) below uses the Jinja2 for-endfor
+construct to accomplish that:
+
+::
+
+ #Test block sizes of 4KB, 8KB, 64KB, 1MB
+ #Test 5 workloads: read, write, randwrite, randread, rw
+ schema: "yardstick:task:0.1"
+
+ scenarios:
+ {% for bs in ['4k', '8k', '64k', '1024k' ] %}
+ {% for rw in ['read', 'write', 'randwrite', 'randread', 'rw' ] %}
+ -
+ type: Fio
+ options:
+ filename: /home/ec2-user/data.raw
+ bs: {{bs}}
+ rw: {{rw}}
+ ramp_time: 10
+ host: fio.demo
+ runner:
+ type: Duration
+ duration: 60
+ interval: 60
+
+ {% endfor %}
+ {% endfor %}
+ context
+ ...
diff --git a/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/glossary.rst b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/glossary.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67e126f58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/glossary.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+==================
+Yardstick Glossary
+==================
+
+.. glossary::
+ :sorted:
+
+ VNF
+ Virtual Network Function
+
+ NFVI
+ Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure
+
+ VTC
+ Virtual Traffic Classifier
diff --git a/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/index.rst b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ccea55ccb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+==================
+Yardstick Overview
+==================
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 2
+
+ 01-introduction
+ 02-methodology
+ 03-list-of-tcs
+ glossary
diff --git a/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc001.rst b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc001.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..810bad489
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc001.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+*************************************
+Yardstick Test Case Description TC001
+*************************************
+
+.. _pktgen: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/pktgen.txt
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|Network Performance |
+| |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test case id | OPNFV_YARDSTICK_TC001_NW PERF |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|metric | Number of flows and throughput |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test purpose | To evaluate the IaaS network performance with regards to |
+| | flows and throughput, such as if and how different amounts |
+| | of flows matter for the throughput between hosts on different|
+| | compute blades. Typically e.g. the performance of a vSwitch |
+| | depends on the number of flows running through it. Also |
+| | performance of other equipment or entities can depend |
+| | on the number of flows or the packet sizes used. |
+| | The purpose is also to be able to spot trends. Test results, |
+| | graphs ans similar shall be stored for comparison reasons and|
+| | product evolution understanding between different OPNFV |
+| | versions and/or configurations. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|configuration | file: opnfv_yardstick_tc001.yaml |
+| | |
+| | Packet size: 60 bytes |
+| | Number of ports: 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000, where each |
+| | runs for 20 seconds. The whole sequence is run |
+| | twice. The client and server are distributed on different HW.|
+| | For SLA max_ppm is set to 1000. The amount of configured |
+| | ports map to between 110 up to 1001000 flows, respectively. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test tool | pktgen |
+| | |
+| | (Pktgen is not always part of a Linux distribution, hence it |
+| | needs to be installed. It is part of the Yardstick Docker |
+| | image. |
+| | As an example see the /yardstick/tools/ directory for how |
+| | to generate a Linux image with pktgen included.) |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|references | pktgen_ |
+| | |
+| | ETSI-NFV-TST001 |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|applicability | Test can be configured with different packet sizes, amount |
+| | of flows and test duration. Default values exist. |
+| | |
+| | SLA (optional): max_ppm: The number of packets per million |
+| | packets sent that are acceptable to loose, not received. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|pre-test | The test case image needs to be installed into Glance |
+|conditions | with pktgen included in it. |
+| | |
+| | No POD specific requirements have been identified. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test sequence | description and expected result |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|step 1 | The hosts are installed, as server and client. pktgen is |
+| | invoked and logs are produced and stored. |
+| | |
+| | Result: Logs are stored. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test verdict | Fails only if SLA is not passed, or if there is a test case |
+| | execution problem. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
diff --git a/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc002.rst b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc002.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56350f5bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc002.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+*************************************
+Yardstick Test Case Description TC002
+*************************************
+
+.. _cirros-image: https://download.cirros-cloud.net
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|Network Latency |
+| |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test case id | OPNFV_YARDSTICK_TC002_NW LATENCY |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|metric | RTT, Round Trip Time |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test purpose | To do a basic verification that network latency is within |
+| | acceptable boundaries when packets travel between hosts |
+| | located on same or different compute blades. |
+| | The purpose is also to be able to spot trends. Test results, |
+| | graphs and similar shall be stored for comparison reasons and|
+| | product evolution understanding between different OPNFV |
+| | versions and/or configurations. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|configuration | file: opnfv_yardstick_tc002.yaml |
+| | |
+| | Packet size 100 bytes. Total test duration 600 seconds. |
+| | One ping each 10 seconds. SLA RTT is set to maximum 10 ms. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test tool | ping |
+| | |
+| | Ping is normally part of any Linux distribution, hence it |
+| | doesn't need to be installed. It is also part of the |
+| | Yardstick Docker image. |
+| | (For example also a Cirros image can be downloaded from |
+| | cirros-image_, it includes ping) |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|references | Ping man page |
+| | |
+| | ETSI-NFV-TST001 |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|applicability | Test case can be configured with different packet sizes, |
+| | burst sizes, ping intervals and test duration. |
+| | SLA is optional. The SLA in this test case serves as an |
+| | example. Considerably lower RTT is expected, and |
+| | also normal to achieve in balanced L2 environments. However, |
+| | to cover most configurations, both bare metal and fully |
+| | virtualized ones, this value should be possible to achieve |
+| | and acceptable for black box testing. Many real time |
+| | applications start to suffer badly if the RTT time is higher |
+| | than this. Some may suffer bad also close to this RTT, while |
+| | others may not suffer at all. It is a compromise that may |
+| | have to be tuned for different configuration purposes. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|pre-test | The test case image needs to be installed into Glance |
+|conditions | with ping included in it. |
+| | |
+| | No POD specific requirements have been identified. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test sequence | description and expected result |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|step 1 | The hosts are installed, as server and client. Ping is |
+| | invoked and logs are produced and stored. |
+| | |
+| | Result: Logs are stored. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test verdict | Test should not PASS if any RTT is above the optional SLA |
+| | value, or if there is a test case execution problem. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
diff --git a/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc008.rst b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc008.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e176e633a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc008.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+*************************************
+Yardstick Test Case Description TC008
+*************************************
+
+.. _pktgen: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/pktgen.txt
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|Packet Loss Extended Test |
+| |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test case id | OPNFV_YARDSTICK_TC008_NW PERF, Packet loss Extended Test |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|metric | Number of flows, packet size and throughput |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test purpose | To evaluate the IaaS network performance with regards to |
+| | flows and throughput, such as if and how different amounts |
+| | of packet sizes and flows matter for the throughput between |
+| | VMs on different compute blades. Typically e.g. the |
+| | performance of a vSwitch |
+| | depends on the number of flows running through it. Also |
+| | performance of other equipment or entities can depend |
+| | on the number of flows or the packet sizes used. |
+| | The purpose is also to be able to spot trends. Test results, |
+| | graphs ans similar shall be stored for comparison reasons and|
+| | product evolution understanding between different OPNFV |
+| | versions and/or configurations. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|configuration | file: opnfv_yardstick_tc008.yaml |
+| | |
+| | Packet size: 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280 and 1518 bytes. |
+| | |
+| | Number of ports: 1, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000. The amount of |
+| | configured ports map from 2 up to 1001000 flows, |
+| | respectively. Each packet_size/port_amount combination is run|
+| | ten times, for 20 seconds each. Then the next |
+| | packet_size/port_amount combination is run, and so on. |
+| | |
+| | The client and server are distributed on different HW. |
+| | |
+| | For SLA max_ppm is set to 1000. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test tool | pktgen |
+| | |
+| | (Pktgen is not always part of a Linux distribution, hence it |
+| | needs to be installed. It is part of the Yardstick Docker |
+| | image. |
+| | As an example see the /yardstick/tools/ directory for how |
+| | to generate a Linux image with pktgen included.) |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|references | pktgen_ |
+| | |
+| | ETSI-NFV-TST001 |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|applicability | Test can be configured with different packet sizes, amount |
+| | of flows and test duration. Default values exist. |
+| | |
+| | SLA (optional): max_ppm: The number of packets per million |
+| | packets sent that are acceptable to loose, not received. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|pre-test | The test case image needs to be installed into Glance |
+|conditions | with pktgen included in it. |
+| | |
+| | No POD specific requirements have been identified. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test sequence | description and expected result |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|step 1 | The hosts are installed, as server and client. pktgen is |
+| | invoked and logs are produced and stored. |
+| | |
+| | Result: Logs are stored. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test verdict | Fails only if SLA is not passed, or if there is a test case |
+| | execution problem. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
diff --git a/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc009.rst b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc009.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4002a884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc009.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+*************************************
+Yardstick Test Case Description TC009
+*************************************
+
+.. _pktgen: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/pktgen.txt
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|Packet Loss |
+| |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test case id | OPNFV_YARDSTICK_TC009_NW PERF, Packet loss |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|metric | Number of flows, packets lost and throughput |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test purpose | To evaluate the IaaS network performance with regards to |
+| | flows and throughput, such as if and how different amounts |
+| | of flows matter for the throughput between VMs on different |
+| | compute blades. |
+| | Typically e.g. the performance of a vSwitch |
+| | depends on the number of flows running through it. Also |
+| | performance of other equipment or entities can depend |
+| | on the number of flows or the packet sizes used. |
+| | The purpose is also to be able to spot trends. Test results, |
+| | graphs ans similar shall be stored for comparison reasons and|
+| | product evolution understanding between different OPNFV |
+| | versions and/or configurations. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|configuration | file: opnfv_yardstick_tc009.yaml |
+| | |
+| | Packet size: 64 bytes |
+| | |
+| | Number of ports: 1, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000. The amount of |
+| | configured ports map from 2 up to 1001000 flows, |
+| | respectively. Each port amount is run ten times, for 20 |
+| | seconds each. Then the next port_amount is run, and so on. |
+| | |
+| | The client and server are distributed on different HW. |
+| | |
+| | For SLA max_ppm is set to 1000. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test tool | pktgen |
+| | |
+| | (Pktgen is not always part of a Linux distribution, hence it |
+| | needs to be installed. It is part of the Yardstick Docker |
+| | image. |
+| | As an example see the /yardstick/tools/ directory for how |
+| | to generate a Linux image with pktgen included.) |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|references | pktgen_ |
+| | |
+| | ETSI-NFV-TST001 |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|applicability | Test can be configured with different packet sizes, amount |
+| | of flows and test duration. Default values exist. |
+| | |
+| | SLA (optional): max_ppm: The number of packets per million |
+| | packets sent that are acceptable to loose, not received. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|pre-test | The test case image needs to be installed into Glance |
+|conditions | with pktgen included in it. |
+| | |
+| | No POD specific requirements have been identified. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test sequence | description and expected result |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|step 1 | The hosts are installed, as server and client. pktgen is |
+| | invoked and logs are produced and stored. |
+| | |
+| | Result: logs are stored. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test verdict | Fails only if SLA is not passed, or if there is a test case |
+| | execution problem. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
diff --git a/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc010.rst b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc010.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ebb74ea30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc010.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+*************************************
+Yardstick Test Case Description TC010
+*************************************
+
+.. _man-pages: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/lat_mem_rd.8.html
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|Memory Latency |
+| |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test case id | OPNFV_YARDSTICK_TC010_Memory Latency |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|metric | Latency in nanoseconds |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test purpose | Measure the memory read latency for varying memory sizes and |
+| | strides. Whole memory hierarchy is measured including all |
+| | levels of cache. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|configuration | File: opnfv_yardstick_tc010.yaml |
+| | |
+| | * SLA (max_latency): 30 nanoseconds |
+| | * Stride - 128 bytes |
+| | * Stop size - 64 megabytes |
+| | * Iterations: 10 - test is run 10 times iteratively. |
+| | * Interval: 1 - there is 1 second delay between each |
+| | iteration. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test tool | Lmbench |
+| | |
+| | Lmbench is a suite of operating system microbenchmarks. This |
+| | test uses lat_mem_rd tool from that suite. |
+| | Lmbench is not always part of a Linux distribution, hence it |
+| | needs to be installed in the test image |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|references | man-pages_ |
+| | |
+| | McVoy, Larry W.,and Carl Staelin. "lmbench: Portable Tools |
+| | for Performance Analysis." USENIX annual technical |
+| | conference 1996. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|applicability | Test can be configured with different: |
+| | |
+| | * strides; |
+| | * stop_size; |
+| | * iterations and intervals. |
+| | |
+| | There are default values for each above-mentioned option. |
+| | |
+| | SLA (optional) : max_latency: The maximum memory latency |
+| | that is accepted. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|pre-test | The test case image needs to be installed into Glance |
+|conditions | with Lmbench included in the image. |
+| | |
+| | No POD specific requirements have been identified. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test sequence | description and expected result |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|step 1 | The host is installed as client. Lmbench's lat_mem_rd tool |
+| | is invoked and logs are produced and stored. |
+| | |
+| | Result: logs are stored. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test verdict | Test fails if the measured memory latency is above the SLA |
+| | value or if there is a test case execution problem. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
diff --git a/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc012.rst b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc012.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7889c14e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc012.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+*************************************
+Yardstick Test Case Description TC012
+*************************************
+
+.. _man-pages: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/bw_mem.8.html
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|Memory Bandwidth |
+| |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test case id | OPNFV_YARDSTICK_TC012_Memory Bandwidth |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|metric | Megabyte per second (MBps) |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test purpose | Measure the rate at which data can be read from and written |
+| | to the memory (this includes all levels of memory). |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|configuration | File: opnfv_yardstick_tc012.yaml |
+| | |
+| | * SLA (optional): 15000 (MBps) min_bw: The minimum amount of |
+| | memory bandwidth that is accepted. |
+| | * Size: 10 240 kB - test allocates twice that size (20 480kB)|
+| | zeros it and then measures the time it takes to copy from |
+| | one side to another. |
+| | * Benchmark: rdwr - measures the time to read data into |
+| | memory and then write data to the same location. |
+| | * Warmup: 0 - the number of iterations to perform before |
+| | taking actual measurements. |
+| | * Iterations: 10 - test is run 10 times iteratively. |
+| | * Interval: 1 - there is 1 second delay between each |
+| | iteration. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test tool | Lmbench |
+| | |
+| | Lmbench is a suite of operating system microbenchmarks. This |
+| | test uses bw_mem tool from that suite. |
+| | Lmbench is not always part of a Linux distribution, hence it |
+| | needs to be installed in the test image. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|references | man-pages_ |
+| | |
+| | McVoy, Larry W., and Carl Staelin. "lmbench: Portable Tools |
+| | for Performance Analysis." USENIX annual technical |
+| | conference. 1996. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|applicability | Test can be configured with different: |
+| | |
+| | * memory sizes; |
+| | * memory operations (such as rd, wr, rdwr, cp, frd, fwr, |
+| | fcp, bzero, bcopy); |
+| | * number of warmup iterations; |
+| | * iterations and intervals. |
+| | |
+| | There are default values for each above-mentioned option. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|pre-test | The test case image needs to be installed into Glance |
+|conditions | with Lmbench included in the image. |
+| | |
+| | No POD specific requirements have been identified. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test sequence | description and expected result |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|step 1 | The host is installed as client. Lmbench's bw_mem tool is |
+| | invoked and logs are produced and stored. |
+| | |
+| | Result: logs are stored. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test verdict | Test fails if the measured memory bandwidth is below the SLA |
+| | value or if there is a test case execution problem. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
diff --git a/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc037.rst b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc037.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c91f6bf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc037.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+*************************************
+Yardstick Test Case Description TC037
+*************************************
+
+.. _cirros: https://download.cirros-cloud.net
+.. _pktgen: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/pktgen.txt
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|Latency, CPU Load, Throughput, Packet Loss |
+| |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test case id | OPNFV_YARDSTICK_TC037_Latency,CPU Load,Throughput,Packet Loss|
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|metric | Number of flows, latency, throughput, CPU load, packet loss |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test purpose | To evaluate the IaaS network performance with regards to |
+| | flows and throughput, such as if and how different amounts |
+| | of flows matter for the throughput between hosts on different|
+| | compute blades. Typically e.g. the performance of a vSwitch |
+| | depends on the number of flows running through it. Also |
+| | performance of other equipment or entities can depend |
+| | on the number of flows or the packet sizes used. |
+| | The purpose is also to be able to spot trends. Test results, |
+| | graphs ans similar shall be stored for comparison reasons and|
+| | product evolution understanding between different OPNFV |
+| | versions and/or configurations. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|configuration | file: opnfv_yardstick_tc037.yaml |
+| | |
+| | Packet size: 64 bytes |
+| | Number of ports: 1, 10, 50, 100, 300, 500, 750 and 1000. |
+| | The amount configured ports map from 2 up to 1001000 flows, |
+| | respectively. Each port amount is run two times, for 20 |
+| | seconds each. Then the next port_amount is run, and so on. |
+| | During the test CPU load on both client and server, and the |
+| | network latency between the client and server are measured. |
+| | The client and server are distributed on different HW. |
+| | For SLA max_ppm is set to 1000. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test tool | pktgen |
+| | |
+| | (Pktgen is not always part of a Linux distribution, hence it |
+| | needs to be installed. It is part of the Yardstick Glance |
+| | image. |
+| | As an example see the /yardstick/tools/ directory for how |
+| | to generate a Linux image with pktgen included.) |
+| | |
+| | ping |
+| | |
+| | Ping is normally part of any Linux distribution, hence it |
+| | doesn't need to be installed. It is also part of the |
+| | Yardstick Glance image. |
+| | (For example also a cirros_ image can be downloaded, it |
+| | includes ping) |
+| | |
+| | mpstat |
+| | |
+| | (Mpstat is not always part of a Linux distribution, hence it |
+| | needs to be installed. It is part of the Yardstick Glance |
+| | image. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|references | Ping and Mpstat man pages |
+| | |
+| | pktgen_ |
+| | |
+| | ETSI-NFV-TST001 |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|applicability | Test can be configured with different packet sizes, amount |
+| | of flows and test duration. Default values exist. |
+| | |
+| | SLA (optional): max_ppm: The number of packets per million |
+| | packets sent that are acceptable to loose, not received. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|pre-test | The test case image needs to be installed into Glance |
+|conditions | with pktgen included in it. |
+| | |
+| | No POD specific requirements have been identified. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test sequence | description and expected result |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|step 1 | The hosts are installed, as server and client. pktgen is |
+| | invoked and logs are produced and stored. |
+| | |
+| | Result: Logs are stored. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test verdict | Fails only if SLA is not passed, or if there is a test case |
+| | execution problem. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
diff --git a/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc038.rst b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc038.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93c2cf3d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/opnfv_yardstick_tc038.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+*************************************
+Yardstick Test Case Description TC038
+*************************************
+
+.. _cirros: https://download.cirros-cloud.net
+.. _pktgen: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/pktgen.txt
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|Latency, CPU Load, Throughput, Packet Loss (Extended measurements) |
+| |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test case id | OPNFV_YARDSTICK_TC038_Latency,CPU Load,Throughput,Packet Loss|
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|metric | Number of flows, latency, throughput, CPU load, packet loss |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test purpose | To evaluate the IaaS network performance with regards to |
+| | flows and throughput, such as if and how different amounts |
+| | of flows matter for the throughput between hosts on different|
+| | compute blades. Typically e.g. the performance of a vSwitch |
+| | depends on the number of flows running through it. Also |
+| | performance of other equipment or entities can depend |
+| | on the number of flows or the packet sizes used. |
+| | The purpose is also to be able to spot trends. Test results, |
+| | graphs ans similar shall be stored for comparison reasons and|
+| | product evolution understanding between different OPNFV |
+| | versions and/or configurations. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|configuration | file: opnfv_yardstick_tc038.yaml |
+| | |
+| | Packet size: 64 bytes |
+| | Number of ports: 1, 10, 50, 100, 300, 500, 750 and 1000. |
+| | The amount configured ports map from 2 up to 1001000 flows, |
+| | respectively. Each port amount is run ten times, for 20 |
+| | seconds each. Then the next port_amount is run, and so on. |
+| | During the test CPU load on both client and server, and the |
+| | network latency between the client and server are measured. |
+| | The client and server are distributed on different HW. |
+| | For SLA max_ppm is set to 1000. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test tool | pktgen |
+| | |
+| | (Pktgen is not always part of a Linux distribution, hence it |
+| | needs to be installed. It is part of the Yardstick Glance |
+| | image. |
+| | As an example see the /yardstick/tools/ directory for how |
+| | to generate a Linux image with pktgen included.) |
+| | |
+| | ping |
+| | |
+| | Ping is normally part of any Linux distribution, hence it |
+| | doesn't need to be installed. It is also part of the |
+| | Yardstick Glance image. |
+| | (For example also a cirros_ image can be downloaded, it |
+| | includes ping) |
+| | |
+| | mpstat |
+| | |
+| | (Mpstat is not always part of a Linux distribution, hence it |
+| | needs to be installed. It is part of the Yardstick Glance |
+| | image. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|references | Ping and Mpstat man pages |
+| | |
+| | pktgen_ |
+| | |
+| | ETSI-NFV-TST001 |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|applicability | Test can be configured with different packet sizes, amount |
+| | of flows and test duration. Default values exist. |
+| | |
+| | SLA (optional): max_ppm: The number of packets per million |
+| | packets sent that are acceptable to loose, not received. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|pre-test | The test case image needs to be installed into Glance |
+|conditions | with pktgen included in it. |
+| | |
+| | No POD specific requirements have been identified. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test sequence | description and expected result |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|step 1 | The hosts are installed, as server and client. pktgen is |
+| | invoked and logs are produced and stored. |
+| | |
+| | Result: Logs are stored. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test verdict | Fails only if SLA is not passed, or if there is a test case |
+| | execution problem. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
diff --git a/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/testcase_description_v2_template.rst b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/testcase_description_v2_template.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b8754b05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configguide/yardstick_testcases/testcase_description_v2_template.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+.. Template to be used for test case descriptions in Yardstick Project.
+ Write one .rst per test case.
+ Upload the .rst for the test case in /docs/source/yardstick directory.
+ Review in Gerrit.
+
+*************************************
+Yardstick Test Case Description TCXXX
+*************************************
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test case slogan e.g. Network Latency |
+| |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test case id | e.g. OPNFV_YARDSTICK_TC001_NW Latency |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|metric | what will be measured, e.g. latency |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test purpose | describe what is the purpose of the test case |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|configuration | what .yaml file to use, state SLA if applicable, state |
+| | test duration, list and describe the scenario options used in|
+| | this TC and also list the options using default values. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test tool | e.g. ping |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|references | e.g. RFCxxx, ETSI-NFVyyy |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|applicability | describe variations of the test case which can be |
+| | performend, e.g. run the test for different packet sizes |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|pre-test | describe configuration in the tool(s) used to perform |
+|conditions | the measurements (e.g. fio, pktgen), POD-specific |
+| | configuration required to enable running the test |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test sequence | description and expected result |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|step 1 | use this to describe tests that require sveveral steps e.g |
+| | collect logs. |
+| | |
+| | Result: what happens in this step e.g. logs collected |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|step 2 | remove interface |
+| | |
+| | Result: interface down. |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|step N | what is done in step N |
+| | |
+| | Result: what happens |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|test verdict | expected behavior, or SLA, pass/fail criteria |
+| | |
++--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+