README file for PCRE (Perl-compatible regular expression library) ----------------------------------------------------------------- The latest release of PCRE is always available from ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-xxx.tar.gz Please read the NEWS file if you are upgrading from a previous release. PCRE has its own native API, but a set of "wrapper" functions that are based on the POSIX API are also supplied in the library libpcreposix. Note that this just provides a POSIX calling interface to PCRE: the regular expressions themselves still follow Perl syntax and semantics. The header file for the POSIX-style functions is called pcreposix.h. The official POSIX name is regex.h, but I didn't want to risk possible problems with existing files of that name by distributing it that way. To use it with an existing program that uses the POSIX API, it will have to be renamed or pointed at by a link. Contributions by users of PCRE ------------------------------ You can find contributions from PCRE users in the directory ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/Contrib where there is also a README file giving brief descriptions of what they are. Several of them provide support for compiling PCRE on various flavours of Windows systems (I myself do not use Windows). Some are complete in themselves; others are pointers to URLs containing relevant files. Building PCRE on a Unix system ------------------------------ To build PCRE on a Unix system, first run the "configure" command from the PCRE distribution directory, with your current directory set to the directory where you want the files to be created. This command is a standard GNU "autoconf" configuration script, for which generic instructions are supplied in INSTALL. Most commonly, people build PCRE within its own distribution directory, and in this case, on many systems, just running "./configure" is sufficient, but the usual methods of changing standard defaults are available. For example, CFLAGS='-O2 -Wall' ./configure --prefix=/opt/local specifies that the C compiler should be run with the flags '-O2 -Wall' instead of the default, and that "make install" should install PCRE under /opt/local instead of the default /usr/local. If you want to build in a different directory, just run "configure" with that directory as current. For example, suppose you have unpacked the PCRE source into /source/pcre/pcre-xxx, but you want to build it in /build/pcre/pcre-xxx: cd /build/pcre/pcre-xxx /source/pcre/pcre-xxx/configure If you want to make use of the experimential, incomplete support for UTF-8 character strings in PCRE, you must add --enable-utf8 to the "configure" command. Without it, the code for handling UTF-8 is not included in the library. (Even when included, it still has to be enabled by an option at run time.) The "configure" script builds five files: . libtool is a script that builds shared and/or static libraries . Makefile is built by copying Makefile.in and making substitutions. . config.h is built by copying config.in and making substitutions. . pcre-config is built by copying pcre-config.in and making substitutions. . RunTest is a script for running tests Once "configure" has run, you can run "make". It builds two libraries called libpcre and libpcreposix, a test program called pcretest, and the pcregrep command. You can use "make install" to copy these, the public header files pcre.h and pcreposix.h, and the man pages to appropriate live directories on your system, in the normal way. Running "make install" also installs the command pcre-config, which can be used to recall information about the PCRE configuration and installation. For example, pcre-config --version prints the version number, and pcre-config --libs outputs information about where the library is installed. This command can be included in makefiles for programs that use PCRE, saving the programmer from having to remember too many details. There is one esoteric feature that is controlled by "configure". It concerns the character value used for "newline", and is something that you probably do not want to change on a Unix system. The default is to use whatever value your compiler gives to '\n'. By using --enable-newline-is-cr or --enable-newline-is-lf you can force the value to be CR (13) or LF (10) if you really want to. Shared libraries on Unix systems -------------------------------- The default distribution builds PCRE as two shared libraries and two static libraries, as long as the operating system supports shared libraries. Shared library support relies on the "libtool" script which is built as part of the "configure" process. The libtool script is used to compile and link both shared and static libraries. They are placed in a subdirectory called .libs when they are newly built. The programs pcretest and pcregrep are built to use these uninstalled libraries (by means of wrapper scripts in the case of shared libraries). When you use "make install" to install shared libraries, pcregrep and pcretest are automatically re-built to use the newly installed shared libraries before being installed themselves. However, the versions left in the source directory still use the uninstalled libraries. To build PCRE using static libraries only you must use --disable-shared when configuring it. For example ./configure --prefix=/usr/gnu --disable-shared Then run "make" in the usual way. Similarly, you can use --disable-static to build only shared libraries. Building on non-Unix systems ---------------------------- For a non-Unix system, read the comments in the file NON-UNIX-USE. PCRE has been compiled on Windows systems and on Macintoshes, but I don't know the details because I don't use those systems. It should be straightforward to build PCRE on any system that has a Standard C compiler, because it uses only Standard C functions. Testing PCRE ------------ To test PCRE on a Unix system, run the RunTest script that is created by the configuring process. (This can also be run by "make runtest", "make check", or "make test".) For other systems, see the instruction in NON-UNIX-USE. The script runs the pcretest test program (which is documented in the doc directory) on each of the testinput files (in the testdata directory) in turn, and compares the output with the contents of the corresponding testoutput file. A file called testtry is used to hold the output from pcretest. To run pcretest on just one of the test files, give its number as an argument to RunTest, for example: RunTest 3 The first and third test files can also be fed directly into the perltest script to check that Perl gives the same results. The third file requires the additional features of release 5.005, which is why it is kept separate from the main test input, which needs only Perl 5.004. In the long run, when 5.005 (or higher) is widespread, these two test files may get amalgamated. The second set of tests check pcre_fullinfo(), pcre_info(), pcre_study(), pcre_copy_substring(), pcre_get_substring(), pcre_get_substring_list(), error detection, and run-time flags that are specific to PCRE, as well as the POSIX wrapper API. It also uses the debugging flag to check some of the internals of pcre_compile(). If you build PCRE with a locale setting that is not the standard C locale, the character tables may be different (see next paragraph). In some cases, this may cause failures in the second set of tests. For example, in a locale where the isprint() function yields TRUE for characters in the range 128-255, the use of [:isascii:] inside a character class defines a different set of characters, and this shows up in this test as a difference in the compiled code, which is being listed for checking. Where the comparison test output contains [\x00-\x7f] the test will contain [\x00-\xff], and similarly in some other cases. This is not a bug in PCRE. The fourth set of tests checks pcre_maketables(), the facility for building a set of character tables for a specific locale and using them instead of the default tables. The tests make use of the "fr" (French) locale. Before running the test, the script checks for the presence of this locale by running the "locale" command. If that command fails, or if it doesn't include "fr" in the list of available locales, the fourth test cannot be run, and a comment is output to say why. If running this test produces instances of the error ** Failed to set locale "fr" in the comparison output, it means that locale is not available on your system, despite being listed by "locale". This does not mean that PCRE is broken. The fifth test checks the experimental, incomplete UTF-8 support. It is not run automatically unless PCRE is built with UTF-8 support. This file can be fed directly to the perltest8 script, which requires Perl 5.6 or higher. The sixth file tests internal UTF-8 features of PCRE that are not relevant to Perl. Character tables ---------------- PCRE uses four tables for manipulating and identifying characters. The final argument of the pcre_compile() function is a pointer to a block of memory containing the concatenated tables. A call to pcre_maketables() can be used to generate a set of tables in the current locale. If the final argument for pcre_compile() is passed as NULL, a set of default tables that is built into the binary is used. The source file called chartables.c contains the default set of tables. This is not supplied in the distribution, but is built by the program dftables (compiled from dftables.c), which uses the ANSI C character handling functions such as isalnum(), isalpha(), isupper(), islower(), etc. to build the table sources. This means that the default C locale which is set for your system will control the contents of these default tables. You can change the default tables by editing chartables.c and then re-building PCRE. If you do this, you should probably also edit Makefile to ensure that the file doesn't ever get re-generated. The first two 256-byte tables provide lower casing and case flipping functions, respectively. The next table consists of three 32-byte bit maps which identify digits, "word" characters, and white space, respectively. These are used when building 32-byte bit maps that represent character classes. The final 256-byte table has bits indicating various character types, as follows: 1 white space character 2 letter 4 decimal digit 8 hexadecimal digit 16 alphanumeric or '_' 128 regular expression metacharacter or binary zero You should not alter the set of characters that contain the 128 bit, as that will cause PCRE to malfunction. Manifest -------- The distribution should contain the following files: (A) The actual source files of the PCRE library functions and their headers: dftables.c auxiliary program for building chartables.c get.c ) maketables.c ) study.c ) source of pcre.c ) the functions pcreposix.c ) pcre.in "source" for the header for the external API; pcre.h is built from this by "configure" pcreposix.h header for the external POSIX wrapper API internal.h header for internal use config.in template for config.h, which is built by configure (B) Auxiliary files: AUTHORS information about the author of PCRE ChangeLog log of changes to the code INSTALL generic installation instructions LICENCE conditions for the use of PCRE COPYING the same, using GNU's standard name Makefile.in template for Unix Makefile, which is built by configure NEWS important changes in this release NON-UNIX-USE notes on building PCRE on non-Unix systems README this file RunTest.in template for a Unix shell script for running tests config.guess ) files used by libtool, config.sub ) used only when building a shared library configure a configuring shell script (built by autoconf) configure.in the autoconf input used to build configure doc/Tech.Notes notes on the encoding doc/pcre.3 man page source for the PCRE functions doc/pcre.html HTML version doc/pcre.txt plain text version doc/pcreposix.3 man page source for the POSIX wrapper API doc/pcreposix.html HTML version doc/pcreposix.txt plain text version doc/pcretest.txt documentation of test program doc/perltest.txt documentation of Perl test program doc/pcregrep.1 man page source for the pcregrep utility doc/pcregrep.html HTML version doc/pcregrep.txt plain text version install-sh a shell script for installing files ltmain.sh file used to build a libtool script pcretest.c comprehensive test program pcredemo.c simple demonstration of coding calls to PCRE perltest Perl test program perltest8 Perl test program for UTF-8 tests pcregrep.c source of a grep utility that uses PCRE pcre-config.in source of script which retains PCRE information testdata/testinput1 test data, compatible with Perl 5.004 and 5.005 testdata/testinput2 test data for error messages and non-Perl things testdata/testinput3 test data, compatible with Perl 5.005 testdata/testinput4 test data for locale-specific tests testdata/testinput5 test data for UTF-8 tests compatible with Perl 5.6 testdata/testinput6 test data for other UTF-8 tests testdata/testoutput1 test results corresponding to testinput1 testdata/testoutput2 test results corresponding to testinput2 testdata/testoutput3 test results corresponding to testinput3 testdata/testoutput4 test results corresponding to testinput4 testdata/testoutput5 test results corresponding to testinput5 testdata/testoutput6 test results corresponding to testinput6 (C) Auxiliary files for Win32 DLL dll.mk pcre.def Philip Hazel August 2001